There are examples of such casinos at Villa Giulia and Villa Farnese. In modern day Italian, this term designates a bordello (also called "casa chiusa", literally "closed house"), while the gambling house is spelled casinò with an accent.
During the 19th century, the term "casino" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities, including gambling, and sports took place. An example of this type of building is the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.
Not all casinos were used for gaming. The Copenhagen Casino was a theatre, known for the use made of its hall for mass public meetings during the 1848 Revolution which made Denmark a constitutional monarchy. Until 1937 it was a well-known Danish theatre. The Hanko Casino located in Hanko, Finland - one of that town's most conspicuous landmarks - was never used for gambling. Rather, it was a banquet hall for the Russian nobility which frequented this spa resort in the late 19th century, and is presently used as a restaurant. The Catalina Casino, a famous landmark overlooking Avalon Harbor on Santa Catalina Island, California, has never been used for traditional games of chance, which were already outlawed in California by the time it was built.
In military usage in Spanish and German, a casino or kasino is an officers' mess; a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.
The first known European gambling house, not called a casino although meeting the modern definition, was the Ridotto, established in Venice, Italy in 1638 to provide controlled gambling during the carnival season. It was closed in the 1770 as the city government perceived it to impoverish the local gentry.
In American history, early gambling establishments were known as saloons. The creation and importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four major cities; New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco. It was in the saloons that travelers could find people to talk to, drink with, and often gamble with. During the early 20th century in America, gambling became outlawed and banned by state legislation and social reformers of the time. However, in 1931, gambling was legalized throughout the state of Nevada, along with Las Vegas and Reno. America's first legalized casinos were set up in those places. In 1978 New Jersey allowed gambling in Atlantic City, now America's second largest gambling city.
Customers gamble by playing games of chance, in some cases with an element of skill, such as craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack, and video poker. Most games played have mathematically-determined odds that ensure the house has at all times an advantage over the players. This can be expressed more precisely by the notion of expected value, which is uniformly negative (from the player's perspective). This advantage is called the house edge. In games such as poker where players play against each other, the house takes a commission called the rake. Casinos sometimes give out complimentary items to gamblers.
Payout is the percentage won by players.
Casinos in the USA say that a player staking money won from the casino is playing with house money.
Video Lottery Machines (slot machines), have become one of the most popular form of gambling in casinos. Recently, investigative reports have been calling into question whether the modern day slot machine is addictive.
Rank !! Location !! Casinos !! Revenue (2009)US$M !! Revenue (2010 Projected)US$M !! Revenue (2011 Projected)US$M | |||||
1 | United States | | | 57,240 | 56,500 | 58,030 |
2 | Asia Pacific| | 21,845 | 32,305 | 41,259 | |
3 | Europe, Middle East, Africa| | 17,259 | 16,186 | 16,452 | |
4 | Canada| | 22 | 3,712 | 3,835 | 4,045 |
5 | Latin America| | 425 | 528 | 594 | |
Total | | | 100,481 | 109,354 | 120,380 |
Rank !! Location !! Casinos !! Revenue (2009)US$M !! Revenue (2010 Projected)US$M !! Revenue (2011 Projected)US$M | |||||
1 | Macao | 33| | 14,955 | 22,445 | 28,379 |
2 | Las Vegas, United States| | 10,247 | 9,950 | 10,300 | |
3 | Singapore| | 2 | NA | 2,750 | 5,479 |
4 | France| | 3,965 | 3,909 | 3,957 | |
5 | Atlantic City, United States| | 11 | 3,943 | 3,550 | 3,330 |
6 | Australia| | 11 | 2,697 | 2,769 | 2,847 |
7 | South Korea| | 17 | 2,401 | 2,430 | 2,512 |
8 | Germany| | 2,073 | 2,055 | 2,081 | |
9 | South Africa| | 4 | 1,601 | 1,649 | 1,740 |
10 | United Kingdom| | 1,212 | 1,193 | 1,209 | |
11 | Poland| | 1,089 | 1,091 | 1,126 |
The casino has made Monte Carlo so well known for games of chance that mathematical methods for solving various problems using many quasi-random numbers—numbers with the statistical distribution of numbers generated by chance—are formally known as Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo was part of the plot in a few James Bond novels and films.
Las Vegas has the largest concentration of casinos in the United States. Based on revenue, Atlantic City, New Jersey ranks second, and the Chicago region third.
Top American casino markets by revenue (2009 annual revenues):
The Nevada Gaming Control Board divides Clark County, which is coextensive with the Las Vegas metropolitan area, into seven regions for reporting purposes.
Indian gaming has been responsible for a rise in the number of casinos outside of Las Vegas and Atlantic City.
Modern casino security is usually divided between a physical security force and a specialized surveillance department. The physical security force usually patrols the casino and responds to calls for assistance and reports of suspicious or definite criminal activity. A specialized surveillance department operates the casino's closed circuit television system, known in the industry as the eye in the sky. Both of these specialized casino security departments work very closely with each other to ensure the safety of both guests as well as the casino's assets, and have been quite successful in preventing crime. Some casinos also have catwalks in the ceiling above the casino floor, which allow surveillance personnel to look directly down, through one way glass, on the activities at the tables and slot machines.
When it opened in 1989, The Mirage was the first casino to use cameras full-time on all table games.
In addition to cameras and other technological measures, casinos also enforce security through rules of conduct and behavior; for example, players at card games are usually required to keep their hands visible at all times.
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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