Attack
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African-American
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Alfred Mahan
http://wn.com/Alfred_Mahan -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 – December 1, 1914) was a United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His concept of "sea power" was based on the idea that the most powerful navy will control the globe; it was most famously presented in The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 (1890). The concept had an enormous influence in shaping the strategic thought of navies across the world, especially in the United States, Germany, Japan and Britain. His ideas still permeate the U.S. Navy.
http://wn.com/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan -
Ali MacGraw
Elizabeth Alice "Ali" MacGraw (born April 1, 1939) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Ali_MacGraw -
Chester Nimitz
http://wn.com/Chester_Nimitz -
Chuichi Nagumo
http://wn.com/Chuichi_Nagumo -
Dorie Miller
http://wn.com/Dorie_Miller -
Douglas MacArthur
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964) was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign. Arthur MacArthur, Jr., and Douglas MacArthur were the first father and son to each be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of general of the army in the U.S. Army, and the only man ever to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army.
http://wn.com/Douglas_MacArthur -
Edward Ellsberg
Rear Admiral Edward Ellsberg, OBE (November 21, 1891 - January 24, 1983) was an officer in the United States Navy and a popular author. He was widely known as "Commander Ellsberg."
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Emperor Hirohito
http://wn.com/Emperor_Hirohito -
George Welch (pilot)
George Welch (May 10, 1918–October 12, 1954) was a World War II flying ace, a Medal of Honor nominee, and an experimental aircraft pilot after the war. Welch is best known both for being one of over 17 United States Army Air Forces fighter pilots able to get airborne to engage Japanese forces in the attack on Pearl Harbor and for allegedly being the first pilot to break the sound barrier (two weeks before Chuck Yeager) in his prototype XP-86 Sabre. However, the flight is generally not recognized as an official record because of a lack of a verifiable speed measurement and the fact that it was done in a dive, whereas Yeager's X-1 completed the feat in level flight.
http://wn.com/George_Welch_(pilot) -
Gordon W. Prange
http://wn.com/Gordon_W_Prange -
Hamilton Fish
:See Hamilton Fish (disambiguation) for others with the same name
http://wn.com/Hamilton_Fish -
Harry Turtledove
Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American novelist, who has produced works in several genres including alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy and science fiction.
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Harry W. Brown
Harry W. Brown, VC (1898 – 1917) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross during the First World War.
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Henry L. Stimson
Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, who served as Secretary of War, Secretary of State and Governor-General of the Philippines. A conservative Republican, he is best known for managing the U.S. military as Secretary of War during World War II.
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Herman Wouk
Herman Wouk ( "woke"; born May 27, 1915) is a bestselling, Pulitzer Prize-winning Jewish American author with a number of notable novels to his credit, including The Caine Mutiny, The Winds of War, and War and Remembrance.
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Homer N. Wallin
Vice Admiral Homer Norman Wallin (December 6, 1893 – March 6, 1984) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, best known for his salvage of ships sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Isoroku Yamamoto
(4 April 1884 – 18 April 1943) was Naval Marshal General and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II, a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and a student of Harvard University (1919–1921).
http://wn.com/Isoroku_Yamamoto -
James Jones (author)
James Ramon Jones (November 6, 1921 – May 9, 1977) was an American author known for his explorations of World War II and its aftermath.
http://wn.com/James_Jones_(author) -
James O. Richardson
James Otto Richardson (18 September 1878 – 2 May 1974) was an Admiral in the United States Navy who served from 1902 to 1942.
http://wn.com/James_O_Richardson -
John Ford
Rear Admiral (reserve)
http://wn.com/John_Ford -
Kazuo Sakamaki
Kazuo Sakamaki (酒巻和男 Sakamaki Kazuo, November 8, 1918 – November 29, 1999) was a Japanese naval officer who became the first Japanese prisoner of war of World War II captured by American forces.
http://wn.com/Kazuo_Sakamaki -
Kermit A. Tyler
http://wn.com/Kermit_A_Tyler -
Lee Embree
Lee Embree (July 9, 1915 – January 24, 2008) was an American Army staff sergeant and photographer who took the first air-to-air photographs of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Embree took the pictures of the attack from onboard an Army Air Corps B-17 which he happened to be flying on from California to Hawaii on December 7, 1941 as the Japanese attacked the Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor.
http://wn.com/Lee_Embree -
Mervyn Bennion
http://wn.com/Mervyn_Bennion -
Minoru Genda
Minoru Genda (源田実 Genda Minoru, 16 August 1904 – 15 August 1989) was a well-known Japanese military aviator and politician. He is best known for planning the Pearl Harbor attack.
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Mitsuo Fuchida
(3 December 1902-30 May 1976) was a Captain in the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service and a bomber pilot in the Imperial Japanese Navy before and during World War II. He is perhaps best known for leading the first air wave attacks on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Fuchida was responsible for the coordination of the entire aerial attack working under the overall fleet commander Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo.
http://wn.com/Mitsuo_Fuchida -
Nagai Kita
Nagai Kita was a Japanese Consul stationed in Hawaii. He received instructions on March 22, 1941 to gather information about the schedule of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, by bribery, if necessary. These instructions were intercepted by U.S. intelligence but did not raise alarms.
http://wn.com/Nagai_Kita -
Otto Preminger
Otto Ludwig Preminger (5 December 1905, Vyzhnytsia – 23 April 1986) was an Austro–Hungarian-born American film director who moved from the theatre to Hollywood, directing over 35 feature films in a five-decade career. He rose to prominence for stylish film noir mysteries such as Laura (1944) and Fallen Angel (1945). In the 1950s and 1960s, he directed a number of high-profile adaptations of popular novels and stage works. Several of these pushed the boundaries of censorship by dealing with topics which were then taboo in Hollywood, such as drug addiction (The Man with the Golden Arm, 1955), rape (Anatomy of a Murder, 1959), and homosexuality (Advise and Consent, 1962). He was twice nominated for the Best Director Academy Award. He also had a few acting roles.
http://wn.com/Otto_Preminger -
Phil Rasmussen
Philip M. Rasmussen (born May 11, 1918, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, USA; died April 30, 2005, Fort Myers, Lee County, Florida, USA) was an Army Air Corps second lieutenant assigned to the 46th Pursuit Squadron at Wheeler Field on the island of Oahu during the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. He was one of the few American pilots to get into the air that day.
http://wn.com/Phil_Rasmussen -
Ralph Bellamy
Ralph Rexford Bellamy (June 17, 1904 – November 29, 1991) was an American actor with a career that spanned sixty-two years.
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Robert A. Theobald
http://wn.com/Robert_A_Theobald -
Robert Mitchum
Robert Charles Durman Mitchum (August 6, 1917 – July 1, 1997) was an American film actor, author, composer and singer and is #23 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time. Mitchum is largely remembered for his starring roles in several major works of the film noir style, and is considered a forerunner of the anti-heroes prevalent in film during the 1950s and 1960s.
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Robert Stinnett
Robert B. Stinnett is a former American sailor who earned ten battle stars and a Presidential Unit Citation. He is the author of Day of Deceit, regarding U.S. government advance knowledge of the World War II Pearl Harbor attack.
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Shigekazu Shimazaki
, was a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service during World War II.
http://wn.com/Shigekazu_Shimazaki -
Shigeru Fukudome
was an admiral and Chief of Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
http://wn.com/Shigeru_Fukudome -
Thomas C. Hart
Thomas Charles Hart (12 June 1877, Davison, Michigan – 4 July 1971, Sharon, Connecticut) was an admiral of the United States Navy, whose service extended from the Spanish-American War through World War II. Following his retirement from the Navy, he served briefly as a United States Senator from Connecticut.
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Walter Lord
Walter Lord (October 8, 1917 – May 19, 2002) was an American author, best known for his documentary-style non-fiction account A Night to Remember, about the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
http://wn.com/Walter_Lord -
Walter Short
Walter Campbell Short (March 30, 1880 – March 9, 1949) was a Major General in the United States Army and the U.S. military Commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in Hawaii at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
http://wn.com/Walter_Short -
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
http://wn.com/Winston_Churchill
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Battle of Taranto
The naval Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during World War II. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft naval attack, ship-to-ship in history, flying a small number of torpedo bombers from an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean Sea to attack the Italian Navy's battle fleet at anchor at the harbor of Taranto, utilizing aerial torpedoes, in spite of the shallowness of the harbor. The devastation wreaked by the British carrier-launched aircraft on the large Italian warships was the beginning of the rise of the power of naval aviation, over the big guns of battleships.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Taranto -
Bellows Field
http://wn.com/Bellows_Field -
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (; ) was the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the former Dutch East India Company that came under the administration of the Netherlands in 1800.
http://wn.com/Dutch_East_Indies -
Ford Island
Ford Island is located in the middle of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It is connected to the main island by the Ford Island Bridge. Before the bridge was built, Ford Island could only be reached by a ferry boat which ran at hourly intervals for cars and foot passengers. The island houses several naval facilities. It also has four main groups of military housing: Nob Hill, Luke Field, Kamehameha Loop, and Battleship Cove. The United States Census Bureau defines Ford Island as Block 9014, Block Group 9, Census Tract 81 of Honolulu County, Hawaii. The island officially has 0.707 square miles (1.83 km2) of land and a population of 368 persons as of the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Ford_Island -
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after a country, i.e., India.
http://wn.com/Indian_Ocean -
naval base
http://wn.com/naval_base -
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
Niihau
Niihau or Niihau ( in English and in Hawaiian) is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii, having an area of . Niihau lies across the Kaulakahi Channel, southwest of Kauai. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian Coot, the Black-winged Stilt, and the Hawaiian Duck. The island is designated as critical habitat for Brighamia insignis, an endemic and endangered species of Hawaiian lobelioid. The United States Census Bureau defines Niihau and the neighboring island and State Seabird Sanctuary of Lehua as Census Tract 410 of Kauai County, Hawaii. Its 2000 census population was 160; As of June 2009, the population was 130.
http://wn.com/Niihau -
Niihau Incident
The Niihau Incident (or Battle of Niihau) occurred on December 7, 1941, when a Japanese Zero pilot crash-landed on the Hawaiian island of Niihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor.
http://wn.com/Niihau_Incident -
Pacific
http://wn.com/Pacific -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Republic of China
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia located off the east coast of mainland China. Subject to an ongoing dispute with the People's Republic of China (PRC) that has left it with limited formal diplomatic relations, the government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
http://wn.com/Republic_of_China -
Saipan
Saipan () is the largest island of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a chain of 15 tropical islands belonging to the Marianas archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean (15°10’51”N, 145°45’21”E) with a total area of . The 2000 census population was 62,392.
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San Diego
San Diego (), named after Saint Didacus (Spanish: Diego de Alcalá), is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California, after Los Angeles, with a population of 1,359,132 (Jan 2010) within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 2,880,000. Also, this is part of a megalopolis (the San Diego and Los Angeles metropolitan areas) with a population of about 22 million. It is located on the Pacific Ocean at the southernmost end of the west coast of the continental United States.
http://wn.com/San_Diego -
Taranto
Taranto (, ; Ancient Greek: Tarās; Modern Greek: Tarantas; Taranto's dialect "Tarde") is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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USS Arizona (BB-39)
{|
http://wn.com/USS_Arizona_(BB-39)
- A6M Zero
- Admiral
- Aerial photography
- aerial torpedo
- African-American
- Aichi D3A
- Air Force (film)
- aircraft carrier
- Alert state
- Alfred Mahan
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- Ali MacGraw
- American Caesar
- anti-aircraft gun
- armor piercing bomb
- Avgas
- Axis Powers
- B-17 Flying Fortress
- Battle of Taranto
- battleship
- Battleship Row
- Bellows Field
- belt armor
- Boeing B-17
- British Malaya
- Bronze Star
- Bunker fuel
- capital ships
- capsize
- Captain (naval)
- Chester Nimitz
- Chuichi Nagumo
- Clausen Inquiry
- combat air patrol
- Combined Fleet
- cruiser
- cryptanalysis
- December 7th (film)
- destroyer
- diplomacy
- Dive bomber
- Dorie Miller
- Douglas MacArthur
- dry dock
- drydock
- Dutch East Indies
- Edward Ellsberg
- Edward L. Beach, Jr.
- embargo
- Emperor Hirohito
- Empire of Japan
- Europe
- Flare (pyrotechnic)
- Ford Island
- Friendly fire
- fuel oil
- general purpose bomb
- General quarters
- George Welch (pilot)
- Global Oriental
- Gordon W. Prange
- Gunpowder magazine
- Hamilton Fish
- Harry Turtledove
- Harry W. Brown
- Hawaii Territory
- Henry C. Clausen
- Henry L. Stimson
- Herman Wouk
- Hickam Field
- History of Petroleum
- Homer N. Wallin
- Howland Island
- Hull Note
- Husband Kimmel
- In Harm's Way
- Indian Ocean
- Infamy Speech
- Isoroku Yamamoto
- James Jones (author)
- James O. Richardson
- John Ford
- Kazuo Sakamaki
- Kenneth M. Taylor
- Kermit A. Tyler
- Kido Butai
- killed in action
- Kilobyte
- Konpeki no Kantai
- Kure Naval District
- Landing Ship, Tank
- Lee Embree
- Lieutenant-Commander
- Life magazine
- light cruiser
- Los Angeles Times
- machine gun
- machine tool
- Magic (cryptography)
- Manchukuo
- Massawa
- McCollum memo
- Megabyte
- Mervyn Bennion
- Michael Bay
- midget submarine
- Military attaché
- military strike
- minelayer
- Minesweeper (ship)
- Minoru Genda
- Mitsubishi A6M Zero
- Mitsuo Fuchida
- Nagai Kita
- Nakajima B5N
- Nanking Massacre
- natural resource
- naval base
- Navy Cross
- Nazi Germany
- Netherlands
- Neutrality Patrol
- Niihau
- Niihau Incident
- ogg
- Opana Radar Site
- Otto Preminger
- P-36 Hawk
- P-40 Warhawk
- Pacific
- Pacific War
- PBY
- Pearl Harbor
- Pearl Harbor (film)
- Peninsula Daily News
- petroleum
- Phil Rasmussen
- Philippines
- Plan Dog
- preventive war
- prisoner of war
- propaganda
- radar
- Ralph Bellamy
- Republic of China
- Robert A. Theobald
- Robert Mitchum
- Robert Stinnett
- rudder
- Saipan
- San Diego
- SBD Dauntless
- SCR-270 radar
- Scuttling
- sea lane
- seaplane tender
- Shigekazu Shimazaki
- Shigeru Fukudome
- Shipyard
- Shokaku
- shore leave
- Southeast Asia
- Station Hypo
- strafe
- Tadaichi Hara
- Taranto
- target ship
- The Winds of War
- Thomas C. Hart
- time travel
- Toho
- Tora! Tora! Tora!
- torpedo bomber
- Two-Ocean Navy Act
- Type 91 torpedo
- U.S. Navy
- U.S. Pacific Fleet
- United Kingdom
- United States
- University of Hawaii
- USAAF
- USS Arizona (BB-39)
- USS Arizona Memorial
- USS Aylwin (DD-355)
- USS Cassin (DD-372)
- USS Condor (AMc-14)
- USS Curtiss (AV-4)
- USS Downes (DD-375)
- USS Helena (CL-50)
- USS Honolulu (CL-48)
- USS Maryland (BB-46)
- USS Neosho (AO-23)
- USS Nevada (BB-36)
- USS Oglala (CM-4)
- USS Oklahoma (BB-37)
- USS Panay incident
- USS Raleigh (CL-7)
- USS Shaw (DD-373)
- USS Tautog (SS-199)
- USS Utah (BB-31)
- USS Vestal (AR-4)
- USS Ward (DD-139)
- Vorbis
- Walter Lord
- Walter Short
- War Plan Orange
- West Loch Disaster
- Wheeler Field
- Winds Code
- Winston Churchill
- World War II
Attack Attack!
Releases by year: 2011 2008
Album releases
Attack Attack! (Released 2011)
- Last Breath
- Pick a Side
- Criminal
- All Alone
- Sexual Man Chocolate
- Renob, Nevada
- "I Swear I'll Change"
- Shut Your Mouth
- A for Andrew
- Smokahontas
- AC-130
- Fumbles O'Brian
- Turbo Swag
- Lonely
- Sexual Man Chocolate (remix)
- AC-130 (remix)
- "I Swear I'll Change" (acoustic)
- Turbo Swag (acoustic)
Someday Came Suddenly (Released 2008)
- Hot Grills and High Tops
- Stick Stickly
- Bro, Ashley's Here
- Shred, White & Blue
- Party Foul
- What Happens If I Can't Check My MySpace When We Get There?
- Interlude
- The People's Elbow
- Kickin' Wing, Animal Doctor
- Dr. Shavargo, Part 3
- Catfish Soup
- Outro
Attack! Attack!
Releases by year: 2011 2008 2010
Album releases
The Latest Fashion (Released 2010)
- Everybody Knows
- No Excuses
- My Shoes
- Blood on My Hands
- Seen Me Lately
- Latest Fashion
- Nemesis
- Best Mistake
- We're Not the Enemy
- Not Afraid
- No Tomorrow
Attack! Attack! (Released 2008)
- Honesty
- You and Me
- This Is a Test
- Too Bad Son
- From Now On
- Say It to Me
- Lights Out
- Home Again
- Lost for Words
- Time Is Up
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
30 Seconds To Mars - ATTACK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 22 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: 30SecondsToMarsVEVO
Music video by 30 Seconds To Mars performing ATTACK. Pre-VEVO play counts 7536221, (P) 2005 Virgin Records America, Inc.. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Virgin Records America, Inc.,
http://wn.com/30_Seconds_To_Mars__ATTACK
Attack - 30 seconds to mars
Lyrics To ^^ That Song (y) Do you think?
http://wn.com/Attack__30_seconds_to_mars
Attack Watch Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 14 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: misfitpolitics
A promotion for the White House's latest genius campaign idea, AttackWatch.com. For more information, visit twitter.com YOU ASKED FOR RINGTONES: GET YOURS HERE: bit.ly Like our video? Subscribe to our channel to keep up with all the latest Misfit Politics news and videos!
http://wn.com/Attack_Watch_Commercial
System of A Down- Attack
System of a down playing "attack" from their CD "hypnotize".
http://wn.com/System_of_A_Down_Attack
Minecraft: Zombie Attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Published: 29 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: andrewmfilms
Click to tweet! bit.ly Our miner hero uses his wits to combat the zombie onslaught. Ending music and sound credit go to C418, check out his website: www.c418.org Like the action song? Check it out here: bit.ly Directed by Andrew McMurry (twitter.com Cinematography & action song by Matthew McMurry (twitter.com
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Zombie_Attack
massive attack vs burial 'four walls'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:58
- Published: 04 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: massiveattackvburial
four walls - massive attack vs burial - bit.ly
http://wn.com/massive_attack_vs_burial_'four_walls'
Crocodiles attacks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Published: 27 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: TheFinnKingX
Crocodiles hunting animals.
http://wn.com/Crocodiles_attacks
Massive Attack vs Burial - Paradise Circus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:28
- Published: 18 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: MrOliGizzle
Burial delivers a haunting rework of Massive Attack's Paradise Circus, an incredibly immersive and emotive piece of music from one of the most influential producers of a generation. This clip taken from Mary Ann Hobbs' excellent XFM show, where it was aired for the first time yesterday. The 1000 copies sold out within the day, out to you if you were one of the lucky ones to bag it. Listen back to Mary's XFM show here ukrp.musicradio.com Out to MAH, UK music would not be the same without her. www.xfm.co.uk massiveattack.com thevinylfactory.com 45hertzofbass.com
http://wn.com/Massive_Attack_vs_Burial__Paradise_Circus
Shark Attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Published: 28 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: brucehimself
Events just after the shark attack at Fish Hoek beach on 28th of September 2011. Filmed from our house on Highway Road.
http://wn.com/Shark_Attack
Attack The Block - Official HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 03 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: AttackTheBlockHD
From the producers of SHAUN OF THE DEAD and SCOTT PILGRIM VS. THE WORLD comes ATTACK THE BLOCK, a fast funny, frightening action adventure movie that pits a teen gang against an invasion of savage alien monsters. It turns a London housing estate into a sci-fi playground. A tower block into a fortress under siege. And teenage street kids into heroes. It's inner city versus outer space.
http://wn.com/Attack_The_Block__Official_HD
Battlefield 3 Open Beta Attack Helicopter Gameplay (no music)
***Click show more*** The same I have uploaded before, but without music and includes subtitles! Made by request, enjoy the effects! Control type used: Keyboard and mouse. Check out the gunner's view! And have the chance to hear my voice as well! :D youtu.be
http://wn.com/Battlefield_3_Open_Beta_Attack_Helicopter_Gameplay_no_music
CARP ATTACK
My brother, nephews and a friend go "fishing" down a small drainage ditch in the flooded Spoon River. They counted 70+ 5-10lb. Asian Carp once they stopped the boat. The funniest part, is that Matthew, my youngest nephew, is curled up in the fetal position in the front of the boat the entire time, and you never see him! Also it is absolutely infinitely more hilarious when viewed in slow motion. [ www.boatinglinks.biz ]
http://wn.com/CARP_ATTACK
Video Full - Monterrey México Casino Attack - 52 Deads - Obama condemns 'reprehensible'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Published: 26 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Oct 2011
- Author: zumpangolandia
Mexican President Felipe Calderon declared three days of mourning Friday for the 52 victims of a casino fire set by presumed drug traffickers, branding the attackers "true terrorists" and ordering authorities to offer a $2.4 million reward for their capture. Calderon also once again lashed out at the United States, saying it is not doing enough to reduce the country's high demand for illicit drugs or to stop the illegal trafficking of US weapons into Mexico. Armed assailants burst into the casino Thursday afternoon, swearing and shouting for customers and employees to get out. But many of the terrified victims fled farther inside the building, where they died trapped amid the flames and thick smoke that soon billowed out of the building. Calderon described the incident as the worst attack on innocent civilians in recent memory. "We are not confronting common criminals," he said in a televised nationwide address. "We are facing true terrorists who have gone beyond all limits." The federal Attorney General's Office announced the reward money, equal to the amount the government has offered for information leading to the capture of the nation's top drug lords. Surveillance video shows at least eight gunmen arriving at the Casino Royale in four cars. The they then head to the main entrance as customers rush outside to their cars in an attack that lasted just a little more than two minutes. The attackers are also seen carrying three large bottles, which Gov. Rodrigo Medina said <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Video_Full__Monterrey_México_Casino_Attack__52_Deads__Obama_condemns_'reprehensible'
Deer Attack's Dog and Cat ! FUNNY VOICE OVER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Published: 14 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: MrDailyModz
THANKS FOR WATCHING PLEASE SUBSCRIBEE!! BTW: The Dog/Star... Was Ok After The Attack, but the reason star couldnt do anything was mainly because he had arthritis, one eye, and was deaf.. so the poor thing didnt even know what happened. HAHA THIS SO FUNNY PLEASE LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE ORIGINAL OWNER TO THIS VIDEO! www.youtube.com He Gave Me Permission To Post This Video Up Aslong As I Give Him Credit. And i Did.
http://wn.com/Deer_Attack's_Dog_and_Cat_!_FUNNY_VOICE_OVER
Bear attack!
This and other top video on tubecrunch.blogspot.com Cutest bear attack ever.
http://wn.com/Bear_attack!
Occupy Oakland attack on Scott Olsen not first against US veterans
Matthis Chiroux, a US veteran and anti-war activist, tells us how he felt when he heard about Olsen. Many US vets are furious that that Olsen being a US vet was attacked in his homeland. After serving two tours in Iraq many believe it is a shame this happened to him at a peaceful protest. Chiroux tells us about another US vet that was hurt at a peaceful protest. Follow Kristine on Twitter at twitter.com
http://wn.com/Occupy_Oakland_attack_on_Scott_Olsen_not_first_against_US_veterans
Snail attack
Native snails in NZ are big, mean and carnivorous. They hunt their prey by stealth. When the attack comes, it is sudden, ruthless and fatal. Video by Kerry Weston, Department of Conservation doc.govt.nz
http://wn.com/Snail_attack
Classic Game Room - PAC-ATTACK Sega Game Gear review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 09 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 03 Nov 2011
- Author: InecomCompany
Pac-Attack review. Classic Game Room reviews PAC-ATTACK for Sega Game Gear by Namco released in 1994. Pac Attack is like Pac-Man meets Tetris or Columns or Dr. Mario. Namco's clever puzzle game meets Pac Man has block dropping gameplay that scores points when rows are completed. Ghosts are dropped in some cases that stack like blocks and are cleared out when Pac-Man falls from the sky and eats them. Pac-Attack is available for Sega Game Gear and other consoles like Sega Genesis (Mega Drive), Super Nintendo and Nintendo Game Boy.
http://wn.com/Classic_Game_Room__PAC-ATTACK_Sega_Game_Gear_review
Anonymous Facebook November 5 attack : youtube video message : hack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 11 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: creativecommonsuser
Anonymous attack to Facebook on 5 November 2011? Youtube video message : hack Facebook. Here is the captions of Anonymous' youtube video message about Facebook: "Attention citizens of the world, we are anonymous. We wish to get your attention hoping you heed the warnings as follows. Your...
http://wn.com/Anonymous_Facebook_November_5_attack__youtube_video_message__hack
Classic Game Room - KIRBY MASS ATTACK Nintendo DS review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:42
- Published: 04 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 05 Nov 2011
- Author: InecomCompany
Kirby Mass Attack review. Classic Game Room reviews KIRBY MASS ATTACK from HAL Laboratories and Nintendo for the Nintendo DS, a side scrolling action adventure game played entirely and effectively with the Nintendo DS stylus! Control up to 10 Kirbys at once with Kirby Mass Attack's unique and extremely fun gameplay.
http://wn.com/Classic_Game_Room__KIRBY_MASS_ATTACK_Nintendo_DS_review
Attack Of La Nina - Matchstick Productions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Published: 04 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: XTremeVideo
skimovie.com The hardest working skiers in the world charged, stomped, shredded, and submerged in all of La Niña's glory. All in all, it was a winter to be remembered, captured start to finish in MSP's award-winning style. Don't miss this new movie from the company that brought you "The Way I See It", the most decorated ski film in history. The X-Treme Channel features awesome extreme sports action from all over the world! Subscribe To X-Treme Here: goo.gl Website: www.x-tremevideo.com Twitter twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Attack_Of_La_Nina__Matchstick_Productions
Snake Bytes TV - Huge Snake Attack : SnakeBytesTV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:02
- Published: 28 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: SnakeBytesTV
Huge snake attack. We have a snake we call "Satan" and she gets the name from being an insanely mean snake. It does not help that she is a 16 foot Burmese Python! That's a lot of snake to handle even when they are tame. With her being such a mean snake it makes it all the more difficult. We'll show you what our normal week is like dealing with Satan! SnakeBytesTV is produced by BHB Reptiles, one of the world's largest snake breeding facilities, and is hosted by Brian Barczyk. New episodes every Wednesday! Follow me at: www.twitter.com Facebook me at: www.facebook.com Join the shows community and win prizes! www.snakebytestv.ning.com
http://wn.com/Snake_Bytes_TV__Huge_Snake_Attack__SnakeBytesTV
![The Battle of Shipka Pass was crucial for the liberation of Bulgaria. In only five days, the Bulgarian volunteers killed 1/3 of the 30,000-strong Ottoman Central army.[45] In the final stage of the battle the defenders, having finished their ammunition, used rocks and bodies of fallen comrades to repulse the Ottoman attacks.[46]](http://web.archive.org./web/20111107181838/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/17/6f/7b9b50f552d4f76ef27ee1dc33b4_medium.jpg "The Battle of Shipka Pass was crucial for the liberation of Bulgaria. In only five days, the Bulgarian volunteers killed 1/3 of the 30,000-strong Ottoman Central army.[45] In the final stage of the battle the defenders, having finished their ammunition, used rocks and bodies of fallen comrades to repulse the Ottoman attacks.[46]")
photo: Creative Commons / Sry85
06 Nov 2011
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| Coordinates | 40°05′23″N86°45′02″N |
|---|---|
| Conflict | Attack on Pearl Harbor |
| Partof | the Pacific Theater of World War II |
| Caption | Photograph from a Japanese plane of Battleship Row at the beginning of the attack. The explosion in the center is a torpedo strike on the USS Oklahoma. Two attacking Japanese planes can be seen: one over the USS Neosho and one over the Naval Yard. |
| Date | December 7, 1941 |
| Place | Primarily Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, United States |
| Result | Japanese major tactical victory |
| Casus | Oil and trade embargo by the United States; diplomatic stalemate between Japan and the US. |
| Combatant1 | United States |
| Combatant2 | Empire of Japan |
| Commander1 | Husband Kimmel Walter Short |
| Commander2 | Chuichi Nagumo Isoroku Yamamoto |
| Strength1 | 8 battleships 8 cruisers 30 destroyers 4 submarines 49 other ships ~390 aircraft |
| Strength2 | Mobile Unit:6 aircraft carriers2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers1 light cruiser9 destroyers 8 tankers 23 fleet submarines 5 midget submarines 414 aircraft |
| Casualties1 | 4 battleships sunk3 battleships damaged1 battleship grounded2 destroyers sunk1 other ship sunk3 cruisers damaged1 destroyer damaged3 other ships damaged188 aircraft destroyed155 aircraft damaged2,402 killed 1,247 wounded |
| Casualties2 | 4 midget submarines sunk 1 midget submarine grounded29 aircraft destroyed64 killed1 captured |
| Notes | Civilian Casualties:57 killed35 wounded}} |
The base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, bombers and torpedo planes in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. Four U.S. Navy battleships were sunk (two of which were raised and returned to service later in the war) and the four others present were damaged. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship,.|group=nb}} and one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,402 men were killed and 1,282 wounded. The power station, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section) were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 65 servicemen killed or wounded. One Japanese sailor was captured.
The attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day (December 8) the United States declared war on Japan. Domestic support for isolationism, which had been strong, disappeared. Clandestine support of Britain (for example the Neutrality Patrol) was replaced by active alliance. Subsequent operations by the U.S. prompted Germany and Italy to declare war on the U.S. on December 11, which was reciprocated by the U.S. the same day.
Despite numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by Japan, the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy".
Background to conflict
Anticipating war
The attack on Pearl Harbor was intended to neutralize the U.S. Pacific Fleet, and hence protect Japan's advance into Malaya and the Dutch East Indies, where Japan sought access to natural resources such as oil and rubber. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility each nation had been aware of (and developed contingency plans for) since the 1920s, though tensions did not begin to grow seriously until Japan's 1931 invasion of Manchuria. Over the next decade, Japan continued to expand into China, leading to all-out war in 1937. Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China and achieve sufficient resource independence to attain victory on the mainland; the "Southern Operation" was designed to assist these efforts.From December 1937 events such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay and the Nanking Massacre (more than 200,000 killed in indiscriminate massacres) swung public opinion in the West sharply against Japan and increased their fear of Japanese expansion, which prompted the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to provide loan assistance for war supply contracts to the Republic of China.
In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to control supplies reaching China. The United States halted shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline, which was perceived by Japan as an unfriendly act.|group=nb}} The U.S. did not stop oil exports to Japan at that time in part because prevailing sentiment in Washington was that such an action would be an extreme step, given Japanese dependence on U.S. oil, and likely to be considered a provocation by Japan.
Early in 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet to Hawaii from its previous base in San Diego and ordered a military buildup in the Philippines in the hope of discouraging Japanese aggression in the Far East. Because the Japanese high command was (mistakenly) certain any attack on the British Southeast Asian colonies would bring the U.S. into the war, a devastating preventive strike appeared to be the only way to avoid U.S. naval interference. An invasion of the Philippines was also considered to be necessary by Japanese war planners. The U.S. War Plan Orange had envisioned defending the Philippines with a 40,000 man elite force. This was opposed by Douglas MacArthur, who felt that he would need a force ten times that size, and was never implemented. By 1941, U.S. planners anticipated abandonment of the Philippines at the outbreak of war and orders to that effect were given in late 1941 to Admiral Thomas Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet.
The U.S. ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941, following Japanese expansion into French Indochina after the fall of France, in part because of new American restrictions on domestic oil consumption. This in turn caused the Japanese to proceed with plans to take the Dutch East Indies, an oil-rich territory.; Coox, Kobun.|group=nb}} The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of South East Asia.
Preliminary planning for an attack on Pearl Harbor to protect the move into the "Southern Resource Area" (the Japanese term for the Dutch East Indies and Southeast Asia generally) had begun very early in 1941 under the auspices of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, then commanding Japan's Combined Fleet. He won assent to formal planning and training for an attack from the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff only after much contention with Naval Headquarters, including a threat to resign his command. Full-scale planning was underway by early spring 1941, primarily by Captain Minoru Genda. Japanese planning staff studied the 1940 British air attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto intensively. It was of great use to them when planning their attack on U.S. naval forces in Pearl Harbor..|group=nb}}
Over the next several months, pilots trained, equipment was adapted, and intelligence collected. Despite these preparations, the attack plan was not approved by Emperor Hirohito until November 5, after the third of four Imperial Conferences called to consider the matter. Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the "Hull Note" would "destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea." Though by late 1941 many observers believed that hostilities between the U.S. and Japan were imminent, and U.S. Pacific bases and facilities had been placed on alert on multiple occasions, U.S. officials doubted Pearl Harbor would be the first target. They expected the Philippines to be attacked first, due to the threat that air bases there, as well as the naval base at Manila, would pose to sea lanes, hence supplies to and from territory to the south, which were Japan's main objective. They also incorrectly believed that Japan was not capable of mounting more than one major naval operation at a time.
Objectives
The attack had several major aims. First, it intended to destroy important American fleet units, thereby preventing the Pacific Fleet from interfering with Japanese conquest of the Dutch East Indies and Malaya. Second, it was hoped to buy time for Japan to consolidate its position and increase its naval strength before shipbuilding authorized by the 1940 Vinson-Walsh Act erased any chance of victory. Finally, it was meant to deliver a severe blow to American morale, one which would discourage Americans from committing to a war extending into the western Pacific Ocean and Dutch East Indies. To maximize the effect on morale, battleships were chosen as the main targets, since they were the prestige ships of any navy at the time. The overall intention was to enable Japan to conquer Southeast Asia without interference.Striking the Pacific Fleet at anchor in Pearl Harbor carried two distinct disadvantages: the targeted ships would be in very shallow water, so it would be relatively easy to salvage and possibly repair them; and most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor. A further important disadvantage—this of timing, and known to the Japanese—was the absence from Pearl Harbor of all three of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers (, , and ). Ironically, the IJN top command was so imbued with Admiral Mahan's "decisive battle" doctrine—especially that of destroying the maximum number of battleships—that, despite these concerns, Yamamoto decided to press ahead.
Japanese confidence in their ability to achieve a short, victorious war also meant other targets in the harbor, especially the navy yard, oil tank farms, and submarine base, could safely be ignored, since—by their thinking—the war would be over before the influence of these facilities would be felt.
Approach and attack
On November 26, 1941, a Japanese task force (the Striking Force) of six aircraft carriers (Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku) departed northern Japan en route to a position to northwest of Hawaii, intending to launch its aircraft to attack Pearl Harbor. In all, 408 aircraft were intended to be used: 360 for the two attack waves, 48 on defensive combat air patrol (CAP), including nine fighters from the first wave.
The first wave was to be the primary attack, while the second wave was to finish whatever tasks remained. The first wave contained the bulk of the weapons to attack capital ships, mainly specially adapted Type 91 aerial torpedoes which were designed with an anti-roll mechanism and a rudder extension that let them operate in shallow water. The aircrews were ordered to select the highest value targets (battleships and aircraft carriers) or, if either were not present, any other high value ships (cruisers and destroyers). Dive bombers were to attack ground targets. Fighters were ordered to strafe and destroy as many parked aircraft as possible to ensure they did not get into the air to counterattack the bombers, especially in the first wave. When the fighters' fuel got low they were to refuel at the aircraft carriers and return to combat. Fighters were to serve CAP duties where needed, especially over US airfields.
Before the attack commenced, two reconnaissance aircraft launched from cruisers were sent to scout over Oahu and report on enemy fleet composition and location. Another four scout planes patrolled the area between the Japanese carrier force (the Kido Butai) and Niihau, in order to prevent the task force from being caught by a surprise counterattack.
Submarines
Fleet submarines I-16, I-18, I-20, I-22, and I-24 each embarked a Type A midget submarine for transport to the waters off Oahu. The five I-boats left Kure Naval District on November 25, 1941, coming to 10 Nm (19 km) off the mouth of Pearl Harbor and launched their charges, at about 01:00 December 7. At 03:42 Hawaiian Time, the minesweeper USS Condor spotted a midget submarine periscope southwest of the Pearl Harbor entrance buoy and alerted the destroyer USS Ward. The midget may have entered Pearl Harbor. However, Ward sank another midget submarine at 06:37|group=nb}} in the first American shots fired in World War II. A midget on the north side of Ford Island missed the seaplane tender Curtiss with her first torpedo and missed the attacking destroyer Monaghan with her other one before being sunk by Monaghan at 08:43.A third midget submarine grounded twice, once outside the harbor entrance and again on the east side of Oahu, where it was captured on December 8. Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki swam ashore and was captured, becoming the first Japanese prisoner of war. A fourth had been damaged by a depth charge attack and was abandoned by its crew before it could fire its torpedoes. A United States Naval Institute analysis of photographs from the attack conducted in 1999 indicated a midget may have successfully fired a torpedo into USS West Virginia. Japanese forces received a radio message from a midget submarine at 00:41 December 8 claiming damage to one or more large war vessels inside Pearl Harbor. The submarine's final disposition has been unknown, but she did not return to her "mother" sub. On December 7, 2009 the Los Angeles Times reported that there is circumstantial evidence that three pieces of a submarine discovered three miles south of Pearl Harbor between 1994 and 2001 could be that of the missing submarine. The publication also reported that there is strong circumstantial evidence that the submarine fired two torpedoes at Battleship Row. The debris was dumped outside the harbor as part of an effort to conceal the West Loch Disaster, a 1944 ammunition explosion that destroyed six tank landing ships preparing for the secret invasion of Saipan.
Japanese declaration of war
The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention. He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were at an end. The Japanese tried to uphold the conventions of war while still achieving surprise, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification (commonly called the "14-Part Message") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, but transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese Ambassador to deliver it in time. (In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.) The final part of the "14-Part Message" is sometimes described as a declaration of war, but in fact it "neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations". A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack.For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without any official warning of a break in relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document to Washington hinting at war. In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at the International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, "our deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success." Of this, Iguchi said, "The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations ... [a]nd they clearly prevailed."
First wave composition
[[Image:Pearlmap2.png|thumb|right|250px|}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} Attacked targets:1: USS California 2: USS Maryland 3: USS Oklahoma 4: USS Tennessee 5: USS West Virginia 6: USS Arizona 7: USS Nevada 8: USS Pennsylvania 9: Ford Island NAS 10: Hickam fieldIgnored infrastructure targets: A: Oil storage tanks B:CINCPAC headquarters building C: Submarine base D: Navy Yard]]
The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, commanded by Captain Mitsuo Fuchida. It included:|group=nb}} 1st Group (targets: battleships and aircraft carriers)
Six planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties.
at Ewa field, the victim of one of the smaller attacks on the approach to Pearl Harbor.]]
As the first wave approached Oahu a U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's northern tip (a post not yet operational, having been in training mode for months) detected them and called in a warning. Although the operators, Privates George Elliot Jr. and Joseph Lockard, reported a target, a newly assigned officer at the thinly manned Intercept Center, Lieutenant Kermit A. Tyler, presumed the scheduled arrival of six B-17 bombers was the source. The direction from which the aircraft were coming was close (only a few degrees separated the two inbound courses), while the operators had never seen a formation as large on radar; they neglected to tell Tyler of its size, while Tyler, for security reasons, could not tell them the B-17s were due (even though it was widely known).
Several U.S. aircraft were shot down as the first wave approached land, and one at least radioed a somewhat incoherent warning. Other warnings from ships off the harbor entrance were still being processed or awaiting confirmation when the attacking planes began bombing and strafing. Nevertheless it is not clear any warnings would have had much effect even if they had been interpreted correctly and much more promptly. The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked at Pearl and specific orders to commence operations before they actually struck his command.
The air portion of the attack on Pearl Harbor began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (3:18 a.m. December 8 Japanese Standard Time, as kept by ships of the Kido Butai), with the attack on Kaneohe. A total of 353 Japanese planes in two waves reached Oahu. Slow, vulnerable torpedo bombers led the first wave, exploiting the first moments of surprise to attack the most important ships present (the battleships), while dive bombers attacked U.S. air bases across Oahu, starting with Hickam Field, the largest, and Wheeler Field, the main U.S. Army Air Force fighter base. The 171 planes in the second wave attacked the Air Corps' Bellows Field near Kaneohe on the windward side of the island, and Ford Island. The only aerial opposition came from a handful of P-36 Hawks, P-40 Warhawks and some SBD Dauntless dive bombers from the carrier USS Enterprise.
Men aboard U.S. ships awoke to the sounds of alarms, bombs exploding, and gunfire, prompting bleary-eyed men into dressing as they ran to General Quarters stations. (The famous message, "Air raid Pearl Harbor. This is not drill.", was sent from the headquarters of Patrol Wing Two, the first senior Hawaiian command to respond.) The defenders were very unprepared. Ammunition lockers were locked, aircraft parked wingtip to wingtip in the open to deter sabotage, guns unmanned (none of the Navy's 5"/38s, only a quarter of its machine guns, and only four of 31 Army batteries got in action). Despite this low alert status, many American military personnel responded effectively during the battle. Ensign Joe Taussig, Jr., the only commissioned officer aboard USS Nevada, got the ship underway during the attack but lost a leg. The ship was beached in the harbor by the Senior Quartermaster. One of the destroyers, USS Aylwin, got underway with only four officers aboard, all ensigns, none with more than a year's sea duty; she operated at sea for 36 hours before her commanding officer managed to get back aboard. Captain Mervyn Bennion, commanding USS West Virginia (Kimmel's flagship), led his men until he was cut down by fragments from a bomb which hit USS Tennessee, moored alongside.
Second wave composition
The second wave consisted of 171 planes: 54 B5Ns, 81 D3As, and 36 A6Ms, commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki. Four planes failed to launch because of technical difficulties. This wave and its targets comprised: 1st Group – 54 B5Ns armed with and general purpose bombsNinety minutes after it began, the attack was over. 2,386 Americans died (55 were civilians, most killed by unexploded American anti-aircraft shells landing in civilian areas), a further 1,139 wounded. Eighteen ships were sunk or run aground, including five battleships.|group=nb}}
Of the American fatalities, nearly half of the total (1,177) were due to the explosion of Arizona's forward magazine after it was hit by a modified 40 cm (16 in.) shell.
Already damaged by a torpedo and on fire amidships, Nevada attempted to exit the harbor. She was targeted by many Japanese bombers as she got under way and sustained more hits from 250 lb (113 kg) bombs which started further fires. She was deliberately beached to avoid blocking the harbor entrance.
California was hit by two bombs and two torpedoes. The crew might have kept her afloat, but were ordered to abandon ship just as they were raising power for the pumps. Burning oil from Arizona and West Virginia drifted down on her, and probably made the situation look worse than it was. The disarmed target ship Utah was holed twice by torpedoes. West Virginia was hit by seven torpedoes, the seventh tearing away her rudder. Oklahoma was hit by four torpedoes, the last two above her belt armor, which caused her to capsize. Maryland was hit by two of the converted 40 cm shells, but neither caused serious damage.
Although the Japanese concentrated on battleships (the largest vessels present), they did not ignore other targets. The light cruiser Helena was torpedoed, and the concussion from the blast capsized the neighboring minelayer Oglala. Two destroyers in dry dock, Cassin and Downes were destroyed when bombs penetrated their fuel bunkers. The leaking fuel caught fire; flooding the dry dock in an effort to fight fire made the burning oil rise, and both were burned out. Cassin slipped from her keel blocks and rolled against Downes. The light cruiser Raleigh was holed by a torpedo. The light cruiser Honolulu was damaged but remained in service. The repair vessel Vestal, moored alongside Arizona, was heavily damaged and beached. The seaplane tender Curtiss was also damaged. The destroyer Shaw was badly damaged when two bombs penetrated her forward magazine.
Of the 402 American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged, 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Corps pilots managed to get airborne during the battle and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack, 1st Lt. Lewis M. Sanders, 2nd Lt. Philip M. Rasmussen, 2nd Lt. Kenneth M. Taylor, 2nd Lt. George S. Welch, 2nd Lt. Harry W. Brown, and 2nd Lt. Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Sterling was shot down and killed by friendly fire returning from the fight. Of 33 PBYs in Hawaii, 24 were destroyed, and six others damaged beyond repair. (The three on patrol returned undamaged.) Friendly fire brought down some U.S. planes on top of that, including five from an inbound flight from Enterprise. Japanese attacks on barracks killed additional personnel.
Fifty-five Japanese airmen and nine submariners were killed in the action, and one was captured. Of Japan's 414 available planes, 29 were lost during the battle (nine in the first attack wave, 20 in the second), with another 74 damaged by antiaircraft fire from the ground.
Possible third wave
Several Japanese junior officers, including Mitsuo Fuchida and Minoru Genda, the chief architect of the attack, urged Nagumo to carry out a third strike in order to destroy as much of Pearl Harbor's fuel and torpedo storage, maintenance, and dry dock facilities as possible. Military historians have suggested the destruction of these would have hampered the U.S. Pacific Fleet far more seriously than loss of its battleships. If they had been wiped out, "serious [American] operations in the Pacific would have been postponed for more than a year"; according to American Admiral Chester Nimitz, later Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, "it would have prolonged the war another two years." Nagumo, however, decided to withdraw for several reasons:American anti-aircraft performance had improved considerably during the second strike, and two thirds of Japan's losses were incurred during the second wave. Nagumo felt if he launched a third strike, he would be risking three quarters of the Combined Fleet's strength to wipe out the remaining targets (which included the facilities) while suffering higher aircraft losses. The location of the American carriers remained unknown. In addition, the admiral was concerned his force was now within range of American land-based bombers. Nagumo was uncertain whether the U.S. had enough surviving planes remaining on Hawaii to launch an attack against his carriers. A third wave would have required substantial preparation and turnaround time, and would have meant returning planes would have had to land at night. At the time, only the (British) Royal Navy had developed night carrier techniques, so this was a substantial risk. The task force's fuel situation did not permit him to remain in waters north of Pearl Harbor much longer, since he was at the very limit of logistical support. To do so risked running unacceptably low on fuel, perhaps even having to abandon destroyers en route home. He believed the second strike had essentially satisfied the main objective of his mission—the neutralization of the Pacific Fleet—and did not wish to risk further losses. Moreover, it was Japanese Navy practice to prefer the conservation of strength over the total destruction of the enemy.
At a conference aboard Yamato the following morning, Yamamoto initially supported Nagumo. In retrospect, sparing the vital dockyards, maintenance shops, and oil depots meant the U.S. could respond relatively quickly to Japanese activities in the Pacific. Yamamoto later regretted Nagumo's decision to withdraw and categorically stated it had been a great mistake not to order a third strike.
Photographs
The first aerial photographs of the attack on Pearl Harbor were taken by Lee Embree, who was aboard a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress en route from Hamilton Field, California, to the Philippines. Lee's 38th Reconnaissance Squadron had scheduled a refueling stop at Hickam Field at the time of the attack.
Ship losses
Battleships
- Exploded; total loss. 1,177 dead. - Capsized; total loss. 429 dead. - two bombs, seven torpedoes, sunk; returned to service July 1944. 106 dead. - two bombs, two torpedoes, sunk; returned to service January 1944. 100 dead. - six bombs, one torpedo, beached; returned to service October 1942. 60 dead. - two bombs; returned to service February 1942. 5 dead. - two bombs; returned to service February 1942. 4 dead (including floatplane pilot shot down). - in drydock with Cassin and Downes, one bomb, debris from USS Cassin; remained in service. 9 dead.
Ex-battleship (target/AA training ship)
- Capsized; total loss. 58 dead.
Cruisers
- One torpedo; returned to service January 1942. 20 dead. - One torpedo; remained in service. - Near miss, light damage; remained in service.
Destroyers
- in drydock with Downes and Pennsylvania, One bomb, burned; returned to service February 1944. - in drydock with Cassin and Pennsylvania, caught fire from Cassin, burned; returned to service November 1943. - Three bombs; returned to service June 1942.
Auxiliaries
(minelayer) - Damaged by torpedo hit on Helena, capsized; returned to service (as engine-repair ship) February 1944. (repair ship) - Two bombs, blast and fire from Arizona, beached; returned to service by August 1942. (seaplane tender) - One bomb, one Japanese aircraft; returned to service January 1942. 19 dead.
Salvage
(center) supervises salvage operations aboard USS California, early 1942]]After a systematic search for survivors, formal salvage operations began. Captain Homer N. Wallin, Material Officer for Commander, Battle Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, was immediately retained to lead salvage operations.
Around Pearl Harbor, divers from the Navy (shore and tenders), the Naval Shipyard, and civilian contractors (Pacific Bridge and others) began work on the ships that could be refloated. They patched holes, cleared debris, and pumped water out of ships. Navy divers worked inside the damaged ships. Within six months, five battleships and two cruisers were patched or refloated so they could be sent to shipyards in Pearl and on the mainland for extensive repair.
Intensive salvage operations continued for another year, a total of some 20,000 man-hours under water. Oklahoma, while successfully raised, was never repaired. Arizona and the target ship Utah were too heavily damaged for salvage, though much of their armament and equipment was removed and put to use aboard other vessels. Today, the two hulks remain where they were sunk, with Arizona becoming a war memorial.
Aftermath
, behind the wreckage of the USS Downes and USS Cassin.]]In the wake of the attack, 15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Crosses, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Stars were awarded to the American servicemen who distinguished themselves in combat at Pearl Harbor. Additionally, a special military award, the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later authorized for all military veterans of the attack.
The day after the attack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. Congress obliged his request less than an hour later.
In Europe, Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy subsequently declared war on the United States on December 11, after they began operations against a fellow Axis member. The United States Congress reciprocated the declaration of war against Germany and against Italy later that same day.
The attack was an initial shock to all the Allies in the Pacific Theater. Further losses compounded the alarming setback. Japan attacked the Philippines hours later (because of the time difference, it was December 8 in the Philippines). Only three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk off the coast of Malaya, causing British Prime Minister Winston Churchill later to recollect "In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked".
Thoroughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda.
One further consequence of the attacks on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau Incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps. Later, over 110,000 Japanese Americans, including United States citizens, were removed from their homes and transferred to internment camps.
Strategic implications
Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war." While the attack accomplished its intended objective, it turned out to be largely unnecessary. Unbeknownst to Yamamoto, who conceived the original plan, the U.S. Navy had decided as far back as 1935 to abandon 'charging' across the Pacific towards the Philippines in response to an outbreak of war (in keeping with the evolution of Plan Orange). The U.S. instead adopted "Plan Dog" in 1940, which emphasized keeping the IJN out of the eastern Pacific and away from the shipping lanes to Australia while the U.S. concentrated on defeating Nazi Germany.Fortunately for the United States, the American aircraft carriers were untouched by the Japanese attack, otherwise the Pacific Fleet's ability to conduct offensive operations would have been crippled for a year or so (given no diversions from the Atlantic Fleet). As it was, the elimination of the battleships left the U.S. Navy with no choice but to rely on its aircraft carriers and submarines—the very weapons with which the U.S. Navy halted and eventually reversed the Japanese advance. Six of the eight battleships were repaired and returned to service, but their slow speed limited their deployment, serving mainly in shore bombardment roles. A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Mahan. As a result, Yamamoto (and his successors) hoarded battleships for a "decisive battle" that never happened.
Ultimately, targets not on Genda's list, such as the submarine base and the old headquarters building, proved more important than any battleship. It was submarines that immobilized the Imperial Japanese Navy's heavy ships and brought Japan's economy to a virtual standstill by crippling the transportation of oil and raw materials: import of raw materials was down by half what it had been at the end of 1942, "to a disastrous ten million tons", while oil import "was almost completely stopped". Also, the basement of the Old Administration Building was the home of the cryptanalytic unit which contributed significantly to the Midway ambush and the Submarine Force's success.
Media
Fiction
The Final Countdown is a movie set around Pearl Harbor, in which the nuclear aircraft carrier, , from 1980 is time-warped back to December 6, 1941, one day before the attack on the base.
Historical fiction
Non-fiction/historical
At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor by Gordon W. Prange is an extremely comprehensive account of the events leading up to the Pearl Harbor attack and is considered by most scholars to be the best single work about the raid. It is a balanced account that gives both the Japanese and American perspectives. Prange spent 37 years researching the book by studying documents about Pearl Harbor and interviewing surviving participants to attempt the most exhaustive account of what happened: the Japanese planning and execution, why US intelligence failed to warn of it, and why a peace agreement was not attained. The Village called the book, "By far the most exhaustive and complete account we are likely to have of exactly what happened and how and why." The book is the first in the so-called "Prange Trilogy" of Pearl Harbor books co-written with Donald Goldstein and Katherine Dillon, the other two being: :* Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History – a dissection of the various revisionist theories surrounding the attack. :* December 7, 1941: The Day The Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor – a recollection of the attack as narrated by eyewitnesses.
Day of Infamy by Walter Lord was one of the most popular nonfiction accounts of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Alternate history
Days of Infamy is a novel by Harry Turtledove in which the Japanese attack on Hawaii is not limited to a strike on Pearl Harbor, but is instead a full-scale invasion and eventual occupation after U.S. forces are driven off the islands (something one of the key planners of the attack, Commander Minoru Genda wanted but the senior officers realized was impossible). The many viewpoint characters (a Turtledove trademark) are drawn from Hawaiian civilians (both white and Japanese) as well as soldiers and sailors from both Japan and the USA. Turtledove has to date written one sequel, The End of the Beginning.
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
;Books;U.S. Government Documents
;Magazine articles (requires subscription)
;Online sources
Further reading
External links
;Accounts
;Media
;Historic documents
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