{{infobox|bodystyle	width:20em;
Title	Exxon
Labelstyle	width:33%
Data1
Label2	Products:
Data2	GasolineConvenience storeAt some locations:Diesel fuelCar washAutomobile repair shop
Label3	Parent:
Data3	ExxonMobil
Label4	Sister Companies:
Data4	MobilEsso
Label5	Creation:
Data5	1911
Label7	Official Website
Data7	Official Website }}

Exxon is a chain of gas stations as well as a brand of motor fuel and related products by ExxonMobil. From 1972 to 1999, Exxon was the corporate name of the company previously known as Standard Oil Company of New Jersey or Jersey Standard.

History

Exxon formally replaced the Esso, Enco, and Humble brands in the United States on January 1, 1973. The Esso name was a trademark of Jersey Standard Oil, and attracted protests from other Standard Oil spinoffs because of its similarity to the name of the parent company, Standard Oil. As a result, Jersey Standard was restricted from using Esso in the U.S., except in those states awarded to it in the 1911 Standard Oil antitrust settlement.

In states where it was restricted from using the Esso name, the company marketed under the Humble or Enco brands. The Humble brand was used at Texas stations for decades, as those operations were under the direction of Jersey Standard affiliate Humble Oil & Refining Company. In the middle to late 1950s, use of the Humble brand spread to other southwestern states, including Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

In 1959, Jersey Standard gained full control of Humble Oil and restructured it into its U.S. marketing and refining division, to market nationwide under the Enco, Esso and Humble brands. Enco was created as an abbreviation of the phrase "ENergy COmpany." Humble introduced the Enco brand in 1960 in Oklahoma and surrounding states, to replace Humble's subsidiary Oklahoma and Pate brands. Humble also tried marketing under Enco in Ohio, but Standard Oil Company of Ohio (Sohio) protested that the Enco name and logo (a white oval with blue border and red lettering) too closely resembled that of Esso. Consequently, stations in Ohio were rebranded as Humble, and remained so until the Exxon brand came into use.

After the Enco brand was discontinued in Ohio, it was moved to other non-Esso states. In 1961, Humble stations in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas were rebranded to Enco. That same year, Enco appeared on former Carter stations in the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest.

In 1963, Humble Oil and Tidewater Oil Company began negotiating a sale of Tidewater's West Coast refining and marketing operations. The sale would have given Humble Oil a large number of existing Flying A stations and distributorships, as well as a refinery in California, the nation's fastest-growing gasoline market. However, the Justice Department objected to the sale on anti-trust grounds. (In 1966, Phillips Petroleum Company bought Tidewater's western properties and rebranded all Flying A outlets to Phillips 66.)

Humble Oil continued to expand its West Coast operations, adding California to its marketing territory, building a large number of new Enco stations and rebranding others. In 1967, Humble Oil purchased all remaining Signal stations from Standard Oil Company of California (Chevron) and rebranded them as Enco outlets, greatly increasing Enco's presence in California. Finally, in 1969, Humble Oil opened a new refinery in Benicia, California.

In 1966, the U.S. Justice Department ordered Humble Oil to "cease and desist" from using the Esso brand at stations in several southeastern states, following protests from Standard Oil of Kentucky (Kyso), which was a Standard of California subsidiary in the process of rebranding its Standard stations to Chevron. By 1967, Humble Oil's Esso stations in the Southeast were rebranded to Enco.

In the 1960s and early 1970s, Humble Oil continued to have difficulties promoting itself as a nationwide marketer of petroleum products, despite a number of high-profile marketing strategies. These included the popular "Put a Tiger in Your Tank" advertising campaign and accompanying tiger mascot, introduced in 1959 to promote Enco Extra and Esso Extra gasolines. Humble Oil also used similar logotypes, use of the Humble name in all Enco and Esso advertising, and uniform designs for all stations regardless of brand. In addition, Humble Oil was a major promoter and broadcast sponsor for college football in the Pacific-8 (now Pac-12) and Southwestern conferences.

But Humble Oil still faced stiff competition from such national brands such as Shell and Texaco, which at that time was the only company to market under one brand name in all 50 states. By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

At first, consideration was given to simply rebranding all stations as Enco, but that was shelved when it was learned that the word "Enco" is similar in pronunciation to a Japanese term for "stalled car."

In 1972, Exxon was unveiled as the new, unified brand name for all former Enco and Esso outlets. At the same time, the company changed its corporate name from Standard Oil of New Jersey to Exxon Corporation. The rebranding came after successful test-marketing of the Exxon name, under two experimental logos, in the fall and winter of 1971-72. Along with the new name, Exxon settled on a rectangular logo using red lettering and blue trim on a white background, similar to the familiar color scheme on the old Enco and Esso logos.

The company initially planned to change its name to "Exon," in keeping with the four-letter format of Enco and Esso. However, during the planning process, it was noted that James Exon was the governor of Nebraska. Renaming the company after a sitting governor seemed ill-advised, and the second "x" was added to the new name and logo.

The unrestricted international use of the popular Esso brand prompted Exxon to continue using it outside the U.S. Esso is the only widely used Standard Oil descendant brand left in existence. Others, such as Chevron, maintain a few Standard-branded stations in specific states in order to retain their trademarks and prevent others from using them.

In 1989 Exxon announced that it was moving its headquarters and around 300 employees from Manhattan, New York City to the Las Colinas area of Irving, Texas. Exxon sold the Exxon Building (1251 Avenue of the Americas), its former headquarters in Rockefeller Center, to a unit of Mitsui Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. in 1986 for $610 million. John Walsh, president of Exxon subsidiary Friendswood Development Company, stated that Exxon left New York because the costs were too high.

Logo

The rectangular ''Exxon'' logo, with the blue strip at the bottom and red lettering with the two interlinked 'X's, was designed by noted industrial stylist Raymond Loewy. The interlinked 'X's are incorporated in the modern-day ExxonMobil corporate logo, but the original Exxon logo continues for marketing and station signage.

In 1985 Minolta introduced a new autofocus SLR camera system named "Maxxum" in the United States. Originally, cameras such as the Maxxum 7000, lenses and flashes used a logo with a crossed 'XX' in 'MAXXUM'. Exxon considered this a violation of their trademark, and as a result, Minolta was allowed to distribute cameras already produced, but was forced to change the stylistic 'XX' and implement this as a change in new production.

See also

ExxonMobil

Exxon Valdez

Esso

Notes

External links

Exxon Official website

Exxon wins delay again; convinces Supreme Court to review Exxon Valdez damages

Exxon Company Profile on Portfolio.com

Exxon Free Company Profile

ExxonSecrets a campaign to discredit the company by Greenpeace

Out of Balance Video, ExxonMobil's climate change impact.

Category:Automotive companies of the United States Category:Automotive fuel brands Category:Companies based in New York City Category:Companies based in Texas Category:Companies established in 1972 Category:ExxonMobil brands Category:ExxonMobil subsidiaries Category:Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Category:Oil companies of the United States Category:Rockefeller family Category:Oil companies of the United States

Name	Brian Schweitzer
Order	23rd
Office	Governor of Montana
Lieutenant	John Bohlinger
Term start	January 3, 2005
Predecessor	Judy Martz
Birthname	Brian David Schweitzer
Birth date	September 04, 1955
Birth place	Havre, Montana
Party	Democratic Party
Spouse	Nancy Hupp
Children	BenKhaiKatrina
Residence	Governor's Residence
Alma mater	Colorado State UniversityMontana State University, Bozeman
Profession	RancherAgribusiness
Religion	Roman Catholic
Website	Official website }}

Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Montana. Schweitzer is its 23rd and current governor, serving since January 2005. Schweitzer currently has one of the highest approval ratings among governors in the nation, with polls regularly showing a rating of above 60 percent. Schweitzer chairs the Western Governors Association and formerly chaired the Democratic Governors Association.

Early life

Schweitzer was born in Havre, Montana, the fourth of six children of Kathleen (née McKernan) and Adam Schweitzer. His maternal grandparents were Irish and his paternal grandparents were ethnic Germans from present-day Russia and Ukraine. Following his high school years at The Abbey in Canon City, Colorado, Schweitzer earned his Bachelor of Science degree in international agronomy from Colorado State University in 1978 and a Master of Science in soil science from Montana State University, Bozeman in 1980.

Upon finishing school, Schweitzer worked as an irrigation developer on projects in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. He spent several years working in Libya and Saudi Arabia and speaks Arabic. He returned to Montana in 1986 to launch a ranching and irrigation business in Whitefish.

Bill Clinton appointed Schweitzer to the United States Department of Agriculture as a member of the Montana USDA Farm Service Agency committee, where he worked for seven years. While working for the USDA, he was appointed to the Montana Rural Development Board (1996) and the National Drought Task Force (1999).

Political career

In 2000, Schweitzer ran for U.S. Senate against the Republican incumbent Conrad Burns. Burns faced a surprisingly difficult reelection campaign. In February 1999, he announced that he would break his 1988 promise to only hold office for two terms, claiming "Circumstances have changed, and I have rethought my position." Later that same month, while giving a speech about U.S. dependence on foreign oil to the Montana Equipment Dealers Association, he referred to Arabs as "ragheads". Burns soon apologized, saying he "became too emotionally involved" during the speech.

While Burns attempted to link Schweitzer with presidential candidate Al Gore, whom Schweitzer never met, Schweitzer "effectively portrayed himself as nonpolitical". Schweitzer primarily challenged Burns on the issue of prescription drugs, organizing busloads of senior citizens to take trips to Canada and Mexico for cheaper medicine. Burns charged that Schweitzer favored "Canadian-style government controls" and claimed that senior citizens went to doctors to have "somebody to visit with. There's nothing wrong with them." Burns also faced trouble regarding deaths from asbestos in Libby, Montana. While he initially supported a bill to limit compensation in such cases, he withdrew his support for the bill, under public criticism, and added $11.5 million for the town to an appropriations bill.

Burns spent twice as much money as Schweitzer on the election and only defeated him by a slim margin, 51-47 percent, while the state voted 58-33 percent for Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush. When incumbent Governor Judy Martz announced she would not run for re-election in 2004, Schweitzer announced his candidacy. His running mate was John Bohlinger, a Republican state senator. He won the general election by a margin of 50 to 46 percent over Montana Secretary of State Bob Brown. Both while campaigning and as governor, Schweitzer became known for a folksy public persona. The governor's dog, a Border Collie named Jag, regularly accompanies him on work days at the Capitol, as well as some other official occasions.

Schweitzer's reputation led him to be mentioned by some political pundits in the liberal blogosphere as being among the top candidates for Vice President under Democratic nominee Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election. Schweitzer gave a speech on American energy independence at the 2008 Democratic National Convention that was widely acclaimed.

Political positions

In March 2005, Schweitzer suggested that Montana's National Guard troops be recalled from service in Iraq to assist firefighting during Montana's wildfire season. He has also gained national attention for his focus on converting Montana's vast coal reserves into fuel, which he has said is one way to wean America off of foreign oil. Schweitzer was interviewed by ''60 Minutes'' in late 2006 or early 2007 as well as by Charlie Rose (on March 7, 2007), regarding his work in this field.

Schweitzer is opposed to gun control and is a vehement critic of the REAL ID legislation.

Schweitzer signed into Law the Montana Firearms Freedom Act on April 15, 2009 which became effective October 1, 2009. The law exempts firearms made and kept in Montana from Federal firearms regulations. It applies mostly to non-military types of firearms, along with ammunition and accessories such as silencers, provided that these items are manufactured in the state, and do not leave the state.

Governorship

As Governor, Schweitzer is an active member of the Democratic Governors Association. Prior to becoming Chair, he served as the organization's Vice Chair, Finance Chair, and Recruitment Chair. Montana’s electrical generation capacity has increased more during his term as Governor than the previous 16 years combined.

On May 3, 2006, Schweitzer granted posthumous pardons to 78 persons convicted of sedition during World War I for making comments that were critical of the war. These were the first posthumous pardons in Montana history, but the convictions had become notorious in recent years because Montana's sedition law had been one of the broadest and harshest of its time: one man went to prison for calling food rationing a joke, while others were targeted because they refused to physically kiss a U.S. flag or to buy Liberty Bonds. At a public ceremony attended by family members of the pardon recipients, Schweitzer said, ''"[i]n times when our country is pushed to our limits, those are the times when it is most important to remember individual rights."''

Schweitzer was to co-lead an energy policy forum at the National Governors Association meeting in Washington, D.C., on February 22, 2009, along with Republican Governor of Alaska, Sarah Palin, who announced just days before the event that she would not attend the event, leaving Schweitzer alone to lead the discussion. Schweitzer caused a minor stir when he ribbed his colleague over the cancellation, joking in a reference to the high-profile purchase of a $150,000 wardrobe for Palin by the Republican Party during the 2008 campaign.

Following General Motors' announced decision to terminate its contract with Columbus-based Stillwater Mining Company to procure palladium, platinum, and rhodium for use in automobiles to reduce air pollution, Schweitzer broke Democratic party ranks to protest a perceived bias against Montana on the part of the Barack Obama administration. He asked the administration to force GM, which is receiving an infusion of around $50 billion as part of the automotive corporation federal recovery plan, to honor its contract in a manner consistent with the "buy American" provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. According to Schweitzer and the mining company, the Montana mines operated by Stillwater are the only source of palladium and platinum outside South Africa and Russia. "When the American people find out that we have spent tens of billions of dollars to bail out General Motors and then they turn around and void a contract with Stillwater Mine, the only source of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the Western Hemisphere, and continues to buy that metal from the Russians and South Africans, they will be outraged," Schweitzer asserted.

In April 2011, Schweitzer made news with his unconventional use of a branding iron to publicly veto several Republican-led bills that he called "frivolous, unconstitutional, or in direct contradiction to the expressed will of the people of Montana."

Yellow Ribbon Program

Following the suicide of Iraq war veteran Chris Dana in 2007, Governor Schweitzer started the Yellow Ribbon Program. Schweitzer testified in Washington D.C. saying, “the federal government does an excellent job at turning a civilian into a warrior, I think they have an equal responsibility in turning that warrior back into a civilian.” More than 13% of adult Montanans are veterans.

This program developed policies and procedures that each Montana Guardsmen would undergo to ensure that physical and mental health were documented before, during, and after deployment. Automatic enrollment into the Veterans Affairs system would also be required of guardsmen to ensure delivery of benefits entitled.

Following its success in Montana, the Yellow Ribbon Program was implemented nationally and is now a part of the National Defense Act.

Energy

Governor Schweitzer has endorsed an expansion of wind, solar, and biofuel technologies as well as a plan to turn coal into diesel fuel.

Family

Schweitzer married Nancy Hupp in 1982. The couple began a family after returning to Montana, and are the parents of three children: Ben, Khai, and Katrina. As the father of an autistic son (Ben), Schweitzer has also spoken publicly about autism-related issues. In July 2008, he responded to controversial on-air remarks by conservative talk radio host Michael Savage, saying: ''"I'm very close to some autistic people and I can tell you who is a brat. That would be Michael Savage, not the autistic people of Montana."''

Electoral history

References

External links

Montana Governor Brian Schweitzer ''official state website''

*biography

Schweitzer - Bohlinger ''official campaign website''

Speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention

|- |- |- |- }} |-

Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:American farmers Category:American people of German descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Colorado State University alumni Category:Democratic Party state governors of the United States Category:United States Department of Agriculture officials Category:Clinton Administration personnel Category:Governors of Montana Category:Montana Democrats Category:Montana State University alumni Category:People from Fremont County, Colorado Category:People from Hill County, Montana

ar:برايان شوايتزر da:Brian Schweitzer de:Brian Schweitzer es:Brian Schweitzer fr:Brian Schweitzer la:Brian David Schweitzer no:Brian Schweitzer pl:Brian Schweitzer pt:Brian Schweitzer ru:Швейцер, Брайан fi:Brian Schweitzer sv:Brian Schweitzer vi:Brian Schweitzer

name	Dance 2 Trance
background	group_or_band
alias	Peyote, The Odd Company
origin	Frankfurt, Germany
genre	Trance, Techno
occupation	Producer, DJ
years active	1990–1995
label	Suck Me PlasmaBlow Up
past members	DJ DagRolf Ellmer
notable instruments	}}

Dance 2 Trance was a German trance duo composed of Rolf Ellmer and DJ Dag Lerner. They had a small number of hit singles in the mid 1990s and were associated with Jam & Spoon.

History

Musical career

DJ Dag and Jam El Mar met in 1990, when they decided to work together. Their first release was in the same year, a promo named "Dance 2 Trance" on the Suck Me Plasma label, the release contained two tracks ("Dance 2 Trance" and "We Came In Peace"). They got their commercial break in 1992 with the release of "Power Of American Natives" with vocals from Linda Rocco. The song sold 250,000 records and was awarded a gold disc. A video was made for the song, and reached the mainstream networks such as MTV. The track later received remixes in 1997, 1998 and 2009. In 1992, they released their first album, ''Moon Spirits''. Dance 2 Trance released another album in 1995 called ''Revival''.

In 1995, both Dag & Jame El Mar decided to go their separate ways, with DJ Dag going solo and Ellmer concentrating more on his other side project, Jam & Spoon. In response, the German label Blow Up released a CD compilation album in 1996, consisting of thirteen Dance 2 Trance tracks from their five year career.

Discography

Albums

1992 - ''Moon Spirits''

1995 - ''Revival''

1996 - ''Works''

Singles

1990 - "We Came In Peace"

1991 - "Let's Get Rollin'"

1991 - "Where Is Dag?"

1992 - "Hello San Francisco"

1992 - "Power Of American Natives" - UK #25

1993 - "Power Of American Natives" Remixes

1993 - "Take A Free Fall" - UK #36

1993 - "Take A Free Fall" Remixes

1994 - "Warrior" - UK #56

1995 - "Warrior" (The Groovecult Remixes)

1995 - "I Have A Dream (Enuf Eko?)"

1995 - "I Have A Dream (Enuf Eko?)" Remixes

1997 - "Power Of American Natives 97"

1998 - "Power Of American Natives 98"

2009 - "Power Of American Natives 2009"

References

External links

Discogs entry

Website of Dag Lerner

Category:German electronic music groups Category:German trance music groups Category:German techno music groups Category:Musical duos

de:Dance 2 Trance fr:Dance 2 Trance it:Dance 2 Trance nl:Dance 2 Trance fi:Dance 2 Trance