Jargon is terminology which is especially defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, group, or event. The ''philosophe'' Condillac observed in 1782 that "Every science requires a special language because every science has its own ideas." As a rationalist member of the Enlightenment he continued, "It seems that one ought to begin by composing this language, but people begin by speaking and writing and the language remains to be composed."

In earlier times, the term jargon would refer to trade languages used by people who spoke different native tongues to communicate, such as the Chinook Jargon.

In other words, the term covers the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Much like slang, it can develop as a kind of short-hand, to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms. A standard term may be given a more precise or unique usage among practitioners of a field. In many cases this causes a barrier to communication with those not familiar with the language of the field. As an example, the words ''RAM, bit, byte, CPU,'' and ''hexadecimal'' are jargon terms related to computing.

See also

Argot

Colloquialism

Corporate jargon

Critical vocabulary

Jargon File

P convention

Padonkaffsky jargon

Pidgin

Polari

Sublanguage

Workplace jargon

Notes

References

Sonneveld, H, Loenning, K: (1994): Introducing terminology, in Terminology, p. 1-6

Wright, S.E.; Budin, G.: (1997): Handbook of Terminology Management, Volume 1, Basic Aspects of Terminology Management, Amsterdam, Philadelphia, John Benjamins 370 pp.

External links

The Jargon Wiki - A wikified version of The Jargon File.

Category:Language varieties and styles Category:Terminology

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{{infobox musical artist|name	Tinie Tempah|image_size | background solo_singer| name Tinie Tempah
birth name	Patrick Junior Chukwuemeka Okogwu
nationalism by birth	Nigerian, eastern zone
birth date	November 07, 1988
origin	Plumstead, London,England
genre	Hip Hop, Electro Hop, Grime
occupation	Rapper, songwriter
years active	2005–present
label	Parlophone/DL Records Ltd
Associated acts	Wiz Khalifa, Tinchy Stryder,Snoop Dogg, Chipmunk,Kelly Rowland, Ellie Goulding, JLS, Swedish House Mafia, Wiley, Labrinth, Eric Turner, Travis Barker, DJ Whoo Kid,Bei Maejor
website	}}

Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu (born November 7, 1988), better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is a British rapper. He made his first mixtape in 2007 with 28 songs, freestyles and remixes, the album features Mz Bratt, Chipmunk and G-Unit. His first album, ''Disc-Overy'', debuted at number one on 10 October 2010 and was preceded by the number-one singles "Pass Out" and "Written in the Stars" and the top-five singles "Frisky" and "Miami 2 Ibiza".

Career History

Early career

In 2006, Tinie gained a great deal of airplay on British music TV channel, Channel AKA, for his song "Tears" and then in late 2007, Tinie Tempah collaborated on a track with grime artist Ultra and producers/songwriters Agent X. The song was titled "Perfect GCD Hood Economics Room 147". He toured with [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk ]] in February 2010. His first break as a musician came when Sony launched its PlayStation Portable (PSP) and used a track entitled "Listen To The Vibe" featuring Yasmin and DJ Ironik, and "Atlantic/Warner" for the futuristic racing game, ''Wipeout Pure''. This resulted in a promotional European tour alongside the likes of Sway and Dizzee Rascal.

Tinie and his manager and cousin Dumi Oburota founded the independent label Disturbing London primarily as an official outlet for Tinie's music, but with the idea of also signing other young artists. According to Dumi: "We wanted to have a platform to put out our music and there wasn't any Def Jam or Roc-A-Fella label equivalent in England. [Also] I wanted to create a major independent label with quality artists. I felt like the major labels had lost the passion for music." The activities of the label were initially largely funded by student loans and the proceeds from buying and selling cars.

When scout and music consultant Jade Richardson saw Tinie performing at the 2009 Wireless Festival she called Parlophone Records president Miles Leonard saying: “You’ve got to check out this guy Tinie Tempah. He came on at lunchtime and there’s about 1,000 kids screaming for him. He’s only put out one independent release and he’s got this huge audience.” Leonard and A&R; Nathan Thompson visited Tinie and his manager Dumi at their studio a few weeks later and were hugely impressed to hear about the work they had already done in developing Tinie's career and by the ambitious plans they had for his future. Leonard told HitQuarters: "I thought it was incredible that an artist and manager were doing so much so soon with so little ... That impressed as much as the music."

Tinie announced his signing to Parlophone in October 2009 by running a competition on his blog, with the winner invited to High Tea at Claridges to celebrate the deal.

2010-present: Disc-Overy

Tinie released his debut single "Pass Out" with Parlophone on 28 February 2010, with it entering the UK Singles Chart at number 1. Selling just over 92,000 copies, making this his first number 1 which it remained for two consecutive weeks. Tinie would later perform "Pass Out" on 25 June 2010 at Glastonbury on the Pyramid stage with Snoop Dogg. Tinie then announced his second single, "Frisky", which was released on 6 June 2010 entering the UK Singles Chart at number 2. Tinie supported Rihanna for four dates in May on her 10-date UK tour with Tinchy Stryder and Pixie Lott. Tinie performed at many summer balls at various universities around the United Kingdom. Tinie performed at Radio 1 Big Weekend in Bangor on 22 May 2010 on the In New Music We Trust stage. He also toured with Mr Hudson in May 2010. Tinie Tempah played the Summertime Ball at Wembley Stadium on 6 June 2010, at Wakestock in Abersoch on 3 July 2010, both T4 On The Beach and the Wireless Festival in London's Hyde Park on 4 July, and V Festival on 21 and 22 August 2010. Tinie released his third single "Written in the Stars" on 19 September 2010. This again charted at number 1 in the UK Singles Chart selling over 115,000 copies in its first week, making it his biggest-selling single to date. The song also went on to chart in a number of other countries. Tinie went on to team up with Swedish House Mafia for his fourth single "Miami 2 Ibiza" which was released on 1 October 2010. This went on to reach a peak of number 4 in the UK Singles Chart and his first number 1 in the Netherlands Mega Single Top 100 chart. He released his long-awaited debut album, ''Disc-Overy'' on 4 October 2010 which featured all his previous charted singles. On 11 October 2010, he kicked off his first UK tour which was supported by Chiddy Bang. He went on to win his first 2 MOBO Awards in October. Tinie also featured on the Tinchy Stryder single "Game Over" which was released on 15 November 2010. This reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. On 25 December, Tinie released his fifth single "Invincible" featuring Kelly Rowland, which peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. "Wonderman", featuring Ellie Goulding, was released and was the fifth official single. Tinie joined Usher on the European leg of his OMG Tour in January 2011. Tinie was also nominated for 4 Brit Awards making him the most nominated artist at the awards. His single "Written in the Stars" was used for a WrestleMania XXVII countdown promo during the WWE PPV Royal Rumble on 30 January 2011. It was later confirmed by WWE that it will be the official theme for Wrestlemania XXVII. On 15 February 2011, he won his first ever Brit Award, for Best British Breakthrough Act. He also won a Brit for Best British Single. On 7 March 2011, Tempah expressed his desire for his next album to go triple platinum. "I reckon in 2011, towards the end of it, I'm going to do an arena tour - and sell it out - then I reckon I'm going to release another album, and fingers crossed it can go platinum again, and double platinum, and triple. Let's just sell a million."

In December 2010, Tinie confirmed he is writing a second album, saying there will be a more electronic and live feel to it. It is not yet known what the title will be. Originally intended for a late 2011 release, it is now expected to be released in 2012. During an interview, Tinie commented on his second album: "Yeah I’ve started it already so I’m hoping to get it out by October/November time. I always like to work with different people on each project I do, just so you get a different sound and angle. I will be working with some of the same people I did for the first album, you know what they say ‘if it ain't broke then don’t try and fix it’." According to a recent interview Tinie revealed his hopes of collaborating with some of music's hottest artists saying, "I really want to collaborate with Toronto's very own Drake. I think he's amazing at what he does. I'd also like to collaborate with Adele, Sleigh Bells, Lykke Li, Dev, James Blake ― those are the few that I'd really like to work with." Tinie announced in an interview with ''Rolling Stone'' that his next single is to be called "Till I'm Gone" which will feature Wiz Khalifa and is produced by Stargate. The single and the video song were released at the end of June 2011. Tinie Tempah, world renowned drummer Travis Barker and Irish boxing champion Katie Taylor, joined forces to launch Lucozade’s new ''Yes Campaign'', which signals a repositioning of its sports and energy drink brand. Featuring a performance of Tinie Tempah’s "Simply Unstoppable" with Travis Barker on drums, remixed especially for Lucozade Sport, the campaign was released in Summer 2011.

Awards and nominations

!Year	!Ceremony	!Category	!Nominated work	!Result	!Ref
		Best Newcomer
Best Video
Best UK Act
Best Song
	Hottest Boy
Hottest Hook-up
	The UGG Award (Urban/Garage/Grime)
	Best Newcomer
Best Video
Best Hip-Hop Act
Best Collaboration
	Breakthrough Artist of the Year
Best Male Artist
Best Newcomer
Best Video
Best Song
	Breakthrough Artist
	Best UK and Ireland New Act
		Pop Music	''Disc-Overy''
	Best British Male
Best Breakthrough Act
Best Single
Album of the Year	''Disc-Overy''
	Best Contemporary Song
	Best International Act: UK

Discography

''Disc-Overy'' (2010)

References

External links

Category:English rappers Category:Black British people Category:English people of Igbo descent Category:English people of Nigerian descent Category:Grime artists Category:Black British musicians Category:Igbo musicians Category:People from London Category:British hip hop musicians Category:1988 births Category:Living people

cs:Tinie Tempah da:Tinie Tempah de:Tinie Tempah es:Tinie Tempah fr:Tinie Tempah hr:Tinie Tempah it:Tinie Tempah he:טייני טמפה lv:Tinie Tempah lt:Tinie Tempah hu:Tinie Tempah nl:Tinie Tempah no:Tinie Tempah pcd:Tinie Tempah pl:Tinie Tempah pt:Tinie Tempah ru:Тайни Темпа simple:Tinie Tempah fi:Tinie Tempah sv:Tinie Tempah zh:泰尼·坦普

Alan Siegel (August 26, 1938–Present) is founder and Chairman of Siegel+Gale.

Early life

Alan Siegel was born August 26, 1938 to Eugene and Ruth Siegel in New York. Siegel attended Long Beach High where he played basketball under Robert Gersten. His dream was always to go to college on a basketball scholarship. After graduating from high school, Siegel matriculated at the Industrial Labor Relations School at Cornell University. The Labor Relations School was the ideal place for Siegel as he could afford it, work part time, and play basketball.

Alan was so thoroughly inspired and motivated by Cornell's students, professors, and the whole campus environment, he quit the Cornell basketball team after his freshman year, and plunged into academics. Besides the curriculum required for a degree in industrial labor relations, he studied art, literature, philosophy, and history. Having never truly applied himself in high school, Alan really couldn't write well. Fortunately, Siegel's fraternity brother in Zeta Beta Tau, Robert Dudnick, recognized he was struggling and needed help. Dudnick showed him how to outline an essay, diagram sentences, and build logical cases; his critiques immediately helped Siegel's writing, which he would further refine in law school. In 1960, Siegel graduated third in his class from the Industrial Relations School and was vice president of the senior class.

Upon graduating from Cornell, Siegel was able to obtain a deferment from military service to remain close to his mother as she battled breast cancer. Siegel applied to NYU Law and was admitted. It was here that he learned about writing and thinking clearly, and about himself. He found that the part he enjoyed about law school was learning to think like a lawyer and work through complex fact patterns to solve problems. He stayed a year and a half and then took a leave of absence to accept his Army commission in 1962. Siegel trained at Fort Still, Oklahoma and was stationed with the 2nd Howitzer Battalion, 18th Artillery, in Butzbach, Germany.

While serving in Germany, Siegel developed a fascination for photography. "Photography opened up my creativity and a whole new side of my personality. [Until then] I never knew I was a creative person. I never thought of myself as a visual communicator or, really, a communications person." After he returned to the US, Alan decided not to continue on at NYU Law and chose to pursue a career in communications.

In the sixties Alan learned the ins and outs of the communications industry at agencies such as BBDO, Ruper & Finn, and Sandgren & Murtha. During this time he also met his wife, Gloria, with whom he has a daughter.

Siegel+Gale

In 1969 Alan Siegel and Robert Gale, a designer that Siegel worked with at Sandgren & Murtha, established their own agency, Siegel + Gale. Initially the agency drew in clients that were mostly interested in visual identities, but Alan wanted it to be much more. In 1974 Robert Gale sold off his part of the agency.

Throughout the decades, Siegel+Gale grew from a logo and design focused company to a master brand builder pioneering the development of corporate voice and simplification. Today the firm continues to lead the way in areas such as research, strategy, naming, simplification, design, and interactive.

Present day

Alan continues to work at Siegel+Gale New York serving as Chairman. He is active in the community serving on numerous boards and cultural organizations.

Alan also continues to be a champion for simplicity and clarity, frequently appearing at events and in the media. Most recently he spoke about simplifying legal jargon at TED 2010, where in closing he stated, "There is no way that we should allow government to communicate the way they communicate. There is no way we should do business with companies that have agreements with stealth provisions and that are unintelligible. So, how are we going to change the world? Make clarity, transparency and simplicity a national priority." Alan is also a regularly featured columnist in ''The Huffington Post'' where he discusses simplicity as it pertains to current events and business trends.

Alan has written for ''The Wall Street Journal'', including guides such as: The Wall Street Journal Guide to Money and Markets,, Writing Contracts in Plain English and Simplified Consumer Credit Forms. Siegel also authored ''One Man's Eye: Photographs from the Alan Siegel Collection'' and ''Step Right This Way: The Photography of Edward J. Kelty''.

External links

Alan in ''The Huffington Post''

Alan's Blog

Alan's Biography

Alan on LinkedIn

Siegel on Branding

American Theatre Wing Board of Directors

Video of Alan at TED2010

References

Category:Living people Category:1938 births Category:American business executives