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Alexander Dubček
Alexander Dubček (27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring). Later, after the overthrow of the authoritarian government in 1989, he was Chairman of the federal Czecho-Slovak parliament.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Dubček -
Alexander Sokurov
Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov () (b. June 14, 1951, Podorwikha, Irkutsk Oblast) is a Russian filmmaker.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Sokurov -
Alfred Schnittke
Alfred Garyevich Schnittke (, November 24, 1934 – August 3, 1998) was a Russian and Soviet composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic First Symphony (1969–1972) and First Concerto Grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad. In the 1980s, he wrote his Second (1980) and Third (1983) String Quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the Third (1981), Fourth (1984) and Fifth (1988) Symphonies; and the Viola (1985) and 1st Cello (1985–1986) Concertos. As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.
http://wn.com/Alfred_Schnittke -
Alisher Usmanov
Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov (born 9 September 1953, Namangan Province, Uzbek SSR, USSR) is a Russian based businessman of Uzbek origin.
http://wn.com/Alisher_Usmanov -
Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( or ; ; September 8, 1841May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. His works include operas, symphonic, choral and chamber music. His best-known works include his New World Symphony, the Slavonic Dances, "American" String Quartet, and Cello Concerto in B minor.
http://wn.com/Antonín_Dvořák -
Aram Khachaturian
Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (; ; ) (June 6, 1903 – May 1, 1978) (born in Tiflis, Georgia, Russian Empire) was a Soviet-Armenian composer whose works were often influenced by Armenian folk music.
http://wn.com/Aram_Khachaturian -
Arthur Bliss
Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss, CH, KCVO (2 August 1891 – 27 March 1975) was a British composer.
http://wn.com/Arthur_Bliss -
Belarusians
Belarusians (, ) Bielarusy; also Belarussians, Belorussians, or Byelorussians) are an East Slavic ethnic group (or nationality) who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian language spoken by the Ruthenian ethnic group that ruled (together with ancestors of today's Lithuanians) the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, after the creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, many of the Old Belarusian-speaking Ruthenian nobles would be absorbed by the Polish szlachta in the West and, later, the Russian nobility in the East, leaving only a small rural-dwelling population to be the propagators of a distinct non-literary Belarusian language up until its revival.
http://wn.com/Belarusians -
Benjamin Britten
Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten, OM CH (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. Showing prodigious talent from an early age – he composed Quatre Chansons françaises for soprano and orchestra at the age of fourteen – he first came to public attention with the a cappella choral work A Boy Was Born. With the premiere of his opera Peter Grimes in 1945 he leapt to international fame, and for the next fifteen years he devoted much of his compositional attention to writing operas, several of which now appear regularly on international stages. Britten's interests as a composer were wide-ranging; he produced important music in such varied genres as orchestral, choral, solo vocal (much of it written for the tenor Peter Pears), chamber and instrumental, as well as film music. He also took a great interest in writing music for children and amateur performers, and was a fine pianist and conductor.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Britten -
Bernadette Chirac
Bernadette Thérèse Marie Chirac, born Bernadette Thérèse Marie Chodron de Courcel (born 18 May 1933) is a French politician and the former First Lady of France. She is married to former President Jacques Chirac.
http://wn.com/Bernadette_Chirac -
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
http://wn.com/Boris_Yeltsin -
Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich () ( – 9 August 1975) was a Soviet Russian composer and one of the most celebrated composers of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Dmitri_Shostakovich -
Dmitry Kabalevsky
Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (; 18 February 1987) was a Russian Soviet composer.
http://wn.com/Dmitry_Kabalevsky -
Galina Vishnevskaya
Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya () (born 25 October 1926) is a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1966.
http://wn.com/Galina_Vishnevskaya -
Ilham Aliev
http://wn.com/Ilham_Aliev -
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms () (7 May 18333 April 1897), was a German composer and pianist, one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene. In his lifetime, Brahms' popularity and influence were considerable; following a comment by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow, he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the Three Bs.
http://wn.com/Johannes_Brahms -
Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC, (born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter.
http://wn.com/Joni_Mitchell -
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn (31 March 173231 May 1809), known as Joseph Haydn (; ), was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the classical period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" because of his important contributions to these genres. He was also instrumental in the development of the piano trio and in the evolution of sonata form.
http://wn.com/Joseph_Haydn -
Julian Lloyd Webber
Julian Lloyd Webber (born 14 April 1951) is a British solo cellist, described as 'the doyen of British Cellists'.
http://wn.com/Julian_Lloyd_Webber -
Krzysztof Penderecki
Krzysztof Penderecki (, born November 23, 1933 in Dębica) is a Polish composer and conductor. His 1960 avant-garde Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for string orchestra brought him to international attention, and this success was followed by acclaim for his choral St. Luke Passion. Both these works exhibit novel compositional techniques. Since the 1970s Penderecki's style has changed to encompass a post-Romantic idiom.
http://wn.com/Krzysztof_Penderecki -
Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein (, ; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, author, music lecturer and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the United States of America to receive worldwide acclaim. He was probably best known to the public as the longtime music director of the New York Philharmonic, for conducting concerts by many of the world's leading orchestras, and for writing the music for West Side Story, Candide, Wonderful Town, and On the Town. Bernstein was the first classical music conductor to make numerous television appearances between 1954 and 1989. He had a formidable piano technique and as a composer also wrote symphonies and other concert music. According to The New York Times, he was "one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history."
http://wn.com/Leonard_Bernstein -
Lopes Graça
http://wn.com/Lopes_Graça -
Martha Argerich
Martha Argerich (born June 5, 1941) is an Argentine concert pianist. Her aversion to the press and publicity has resulted in her remaining out of the limelight for most of her career. Nevertheless she is widely recognized as one of the greatest modern-day pianists.
http://wn.com/Martha_Argerich -
Naina Yeltsina
Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (, née Girina, Гирина; born March 14, 1932) is the widow of the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin.
http://wn.com/Naina_Yeltsina -
Olivier Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen (; December 10, 1908 – April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist and ornithologist, widely regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is rhythmically complex (he was interested in rhythms from ancient Greek and from Hindu sources); harmonically and melodically it is based on modes of limited transposition, which he abstracted from his early compositions and improvisations. Many of his compositions depict what he termed "the marvellous aspects of the faith", and drew on his deeply held Roman Catholicism.
http://wn.com/Olivier_Messiaen -
Pau Casals
http://wn.com/Pau_Casals -
Pierre Boulez
Pierre Boulez () (born March 26, 1925) is a French composer of contemporary classical music and a conductor.
http://wn.com/Pierre_Boulez -
Queen Elizabeth II
http://wn.com/Queen_Elizabeth_II -
Queen Sofia
http://wn.com/Queen_Sofia -
Queen Sofía of Spain
Queen Sofía of Spain (née: Princess Sophia Margaret Victoria Frederica of Greece and Denmark; ; ; born on 2 November 1938) is the wife of King Juan Carlos I of Spain.
http://wn.com/Queen_Sofía_of_Spain -
Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930June 10, 2004), better known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. Ray was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.
http://wn.com/Ray_Charles -
Rodion Shchedrin
Rodion Konstantinovich Shchedrin (, Scientific transliteration: Rodion Konstantinovič Ščedrin; born December 16, 1932) is a Russian composer. He was one оf the leading Soviet composers, and was the chairman of the Union of Russian Composers from 1973 until 1990.
http://wn.com/Rodion_Shchedrin -
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975).
http://wn.com/Ronald_Reagan -
Rudolf Serkin
Rudolf Serkin (March 28, 1903 – May 8, 1991), was a Bohemian-born pianist.
http://wn.com/Rudolf_Serkin -
Sergei Prokofiev
Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev () (5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor who mastered numerous musical genres and came to be admired as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Sergei_Prokofiev -
Sofia Gubaidulina
Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina, (, ) (born October 24, 1931) is a Russian composer of half Russian, half Tatar ethnicity.
http://wn.com/Sofia_Gubaidulina -
Sviatoslav Richter
Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter ( Sviatosláv Teofílovich Ríkhter, ; – August 1, 1997) was a Soviet pianist well known for the depth of his interpretations, virtuoso technique, and vast repertoire. He is widely considered one of the greatest pianists of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Sviatoslav_Richter -
Vladimir Horowitz
Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (; ) (October 1, 1903 – November 5, 1989) was a Russian-American classical virtuoso pianist and minor composer. His technique and use of tone color and the excitement of his playing were and remain legendary. He is widely considered one of the greatest pianists of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Horowitz -
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952) served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move, and then Putin won the 2000 presidential election. In 2004 he was re-elected for a second term lasting until 7 May 2008.
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Putin -
Witold Lutosławski
[[Image:Lutoslawski3.jpg|thumb|right|Witold Lutosławski. Courtesy of W. Pniewski and L. Kowalski [http://wlodek.future-net.pl].]]
http://wn.com/Witold_Lutosławski -
Ástor Piazzolla
Ástor Pantaleón Piazzolla (March 11, 1921 – July 4, 1992) was an Argentine tango composer and bandoneón player. His oeuvre revolutionized the traditional tango into a new style termed nuevo tango, incorporating elements from jazz and classical music. A virtuoso bandoneónist, he regularly performed his own compositions with different ensembles.
http://wn.com/Ástor_Piazzolla
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Aldeburgh Festival
The Aldeburgh Festival is an English arts festival devoted mainly to classical music. It takes place each June in the Aldeburgh area of Suffolk, centred on the main concert hall at Snape Maltings.
http://wn.com/Aldeburgh_Festival -
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
http://wn.com/Argentina -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Azerbaijan SSR
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan_SSR -
Baku
Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
http://wn.com/Baku -
Berlin Wall
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http://wn.com/Berlin_Wall -
Bolshoi Theatre
The Bolshoi Theatre (, ''Bol'shoy Teatr, Large, Great or Grand Theatre, also spelled Bolshoy'') is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by the architect Joseph Bové, which holds performances of ballet and opera. The Bolshoi Ballet and Bolshoi Opera are amongst the oldest and greatest ballet and opera companies of the world, respectively. The theatre is the parent company of The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, a world-leading school of ballet.
http://wn.com/Bolshoi_Theatre -
Budapest
Budapest (, also , ; ; ) is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2010, Budapest had 1,721,556 inhabitants, down from 1980 peak of 2.06 million. The Budapest Commuter Area is home to 3,271,110 people. The city covers an area of within the city limits. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of right (west)-bank Buda and Óbuda with left (east)-bank Pest.
http://wn.com/Budapest -
Denmark
Denmark (; , , archaic: ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: ) together with Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy (commonly considered a part of Jutland), Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea; before the digging of the Kiel Canal, water passage to the Baltic Sea was possible only through the three channels known as the "Danish straits".
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Madrid
Madrid (Spanish , English ) is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million (as of December 2009); the entire population of the metropolitan area (urban area and suburbs) is calculated to be nearly 6 million. It is the third-most populous municipality in the European Union after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-most populous in the European Union after Paris and London. The city spans a total of 698 km² (234 sq mi).
http://wn.com/Madrid -
Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship (also known as Masovia Province, or by its Polish name of województwo mazowieckie or simply Mazowieckie) is the largest and most populous of the sixteen Polish provinces, or voivodeships, created in 1999. It occupies of
http://wn.com/Masovian_Voivodeship -
Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
http://wn.com/Moscow -
Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory () is a higher musical education institution in Moscow, and the second oldest conservatory in Russia after St. Petersburg Conservatory. Along with the St. Petersburg Conservatory, it is one of the leading music universities in the country.
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Novodevichy Cemetery
:For a cemetery in St. Petersburg, see Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)
http://wn.com/Novodevichy_Cemetery -
Orenburg
Orenburg () is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. It lies 1,478 km southeast of Moscow, very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 542,700 (2005 est.); 549,361 (2002 Census). Highest point: 154.4 m. International dialing code: +7 (3532). Postal code: 460000. As of 2006, the mayor of the city is Yuri Meshcheryakov.
http://wn.com/Orenburg -
Red Square
Red Square (, Krásnaya plóshchad’) is a city square in Moscow. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and all of Russia.
http://wn.com/Red_Square -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Siberia
Siberia ( ), is a vast region, constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) from its beginning, as the preceding Russian Empire conquered it in the 16th century.
http://wn.com/Siberia -
Sotheby's
'''Sotheby's''' is the world's fourth oldest auction house in continuous operation.
http://wn.com/Sotheby's -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
St. Petersburg
http://wn.com/St_Petersburg -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
USSR
http://wn.com/USSR -
Vilnius
Vilnius (, see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 (850,324 together with Vilnius County) as of 2010. is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County.
http://wn.com/Vilnius -
West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
http://wn.com/West_Germany -
Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
http://wn.com/Yale_University
- Alexander Dubček
- Alexander Sokurov
- Alfred Schnittke
- Alisher Usmanov
- Antonín Dvořák
- Aram Khachaturian
- Argentina
- Arthur Bliss
- Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijan SSR
- Baku
- Belarusians
- Benjamin Britten
- Berlin Wall
- Bernadette Chirac
- Bogorya coat of arms
- Bolshoi Theatre
- Boris Yeltsin
- Budapest
- cellist
- cello concerto
- Chicago Tribune
- Commission (art)
- conducting
- curved bow
- Daily Telegraph
- Democracy
- Denmark
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Dmitry Kabalevsky
- Duport Stradivarius
- freedom of speech
- Galina Vishnevskaya
- Henri Dutilleux
- Ilham Aliev
- intestinal cancer
- Istiglal Order
- Johannes Brahms
- Joni Mitchell
- Joseph Haydn
- Julian Lloyd Webber
- Konex Foundation
- Kronberg Academy
- Krzysztof Penderecki
- Lausanne
- Leonard Bernstein
- Lithuania
- Lolita (opera)
- London
- Lopes Graça
- Madrid
- Martha Argerich
- Masovian Voivodeship
- Moscow
- Moscow Conservatory
- Naina Yeltsina
- Novodevichy Cemetery
- Olivier Messiaen
- Orenburg
- Paris
- Pau Casals
- pedagogue
- piano
- Pierre Boulez
- Polar Music Prize
- Polish nobility
- Prague Spring
- Queen Elizabeth II
- Queen Sofia
- Queen Sofía of Spain
- Ray Charles
- Red Square
- Richard Goode
- Richard Stoltzman
- Rodion Shchedrin
- Ronald Reagan
- Royal Swedish Opera
- Rudolf Serkin
- Russia
- Russians
- Sanford Medal
- Sergei Prokofiev
- Sharaf Order
- Siberia
- Sofia Gubaidulina
- Sonning Award
- soprano
- Sotheby's
- Soviet Union
- St. Petersburg
- Stalin Prize
- Sviatoslav Richter
- The Daily Telegraph
- The Proms
- UNESCO
- UNESCO Mozart Medal
- United States
- USSR
- Vilnius
- Vladimir Horowitz
- Vladimir Putin
- West Germany
- Witold Lutosławski
- World War II
- Yale University
- Ástor Piazzolla
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MST - Movimento Sem Terra Presentação
Short Documentary about the Landless Workers' Movement(Movimento Sem Terra), Brazil's largest social movement. [NEW* 6/20/09: Now includes English Subtitles*] Documentary is in Portuguese with occasional English subtitles.
http://wn.com/MST__Movimento_Sem_Terra_Presentação
MST - Landless Movement of Brazil - Part I
part 1 of the documentary about the history of the fight of the rural workers in Brazil.
http://wn.com/MST__Landless_Movement_of_Brazil__Part_I
Motus MST V4 Motorcycle in Motion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 08 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: motusmotorcycles
The Motus story continues. Watch some behind the scenes action of the MST prototype builds and the very first test rides. As development continues, Motus is gearing up for a public showing of the prototypes during Daytona Bike Week 2011. Special thanks to our team at Pratt & Miller Engineering as well as Pratt & Miller's Video Production crew. "Rebirth of Power" written and performed by Brett Hestla for Motus. "Fire in the Belly" by The Hurt Report.
http://wn.com/Motus_MST_V4_Motorcycle_in_Motion
montage video sida et mst . ist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Published: 08 Feb 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: abouessaid
un montage vidéo réaliser par aboussaid lors d'un exposé de français chez le prof IMOUZAZ
http://wn.com/montage_video_sida_et_mst__ist
Motus MST Test Bike on the Dyno
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Published: 11 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: motusmotorcycles
A quick look at what's been happening behind-the-scenes at Motus. The MST lives and the development rolls on at a fever pitch. Special thanks to our team at Pratt & Miller Engineering as well as Pratt & Miller's Video Production crew. "Rebirth of Power" written and performed by Brett Hestla for Motus.
http://wn.com/Motus_MST_Test_Bike_on_the_Dyno
Landless Workers Movement (MST) in Brazil 320x240
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:25
- Published: 23 Jul 2006
- Uploaded: 09 Jan 2011
- Author: jerryzurek
(for fast broadband Internet connections) Written in the Brazil constitution is the principle that land must be productive. The Landless Reform Movement bases its actions on this principle. The movement identifies land that is not used productively or has not had taxes paid on it or was acquired by dubious or unlawful means. The Landless Workers Movement then occupies the land and makes its case to the government that the title of the land should pass to those who will develop the land to benefit people. In this clip several people who are occupying land in Sao Paulo explain the process by which poor landless people petition the government for title to the farmland they are cultivating.
http://wn.com/Landless_Workers_Movement_MST_in_Brazil_320x240
MST3K Short: Puerto Rico pt.1
(Part 1 of 2) One of the funniest shorts (at least in my opinion) from the Mike Nelson era. PUERTO RICO!!! One of two shorts originally showed before their required viewing of "Beast of Yucca Flats"
http://wn.com/MST3K_Short_Puerto_Rico_pt1
BRASIL: MST - Lutar pela Reforma Agrária JÁ!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Published: 04 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 14 Dec 2011
- Author: Zedotelhado2009
MST - Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra! www.mst.org.br Nossa História Há 25 anos atrás, em Cascavel (PR), centenas de trabalhadores rurais decidiram fundar um movimento social camponês, autônomo, que lutasse pela terra, pela Reforma Agrária e pelas transformações sociais necessárias para o nosso país. Eram posseiros, atingidos por barragens, migrantes, meeiros, parceiros, pequenos agricultores... Nossos Objetivos Desde a nossa fundação, o Movimento Sem Terra se organiza em torno de três objetivos principais: Lutar pela terra; Lutar por Reforma Agrária; Lutar por uma sociedade mais justa e fraterna.
http://wn.com/BRASIL_MST__Lutar_pela_Reforma_Agrária_JÁ!
1989 Eldorado MST-2800 Bus Start Up, Exhaust, and In Depth Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:45
- Published: 09 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 24 Dec 2011
- Author: saabkyle04
In thisvideo I give a full in depth tour of the 1989 Eldorado MST-2800 bus, previously used as a church bus. It has a cummins turbo diesel engine. I take viewers on a close look through the interior and exterior of this bus while showing details, over viewing of features, and noting unique styling cues to the vehicle itself. I also show the engine and the details of it, start it up and see how it sounds under acceleration. A thorough tour/review of this bus designed to give others a greater overall appreciation of the vehicle.
http://wn.com/1989_Eldorado_MST-2800_Bus_Start_Up,_Exhaust,_and_In_Depth_Tour
MST 2009 Group 9 Violet v Shine (reup) part 1
Violet (teal protoss) v Shine (red zerg) map: Destination
http://wn.com/MST_2009_Group_9_Violet_v_Shine_reup_part_1
Winner's Match @ MST Group 10
Fantasy (T, 11) Destination Type-b (Z, 5)
http://wn.com/Winner's_Match_@_MST_Group_10
Pikku G - Ensisilmäyksellä feat Elizabeth & MsT
http://wn.com/Pikku_G__Ensisilmäyksellä_feat_Elizabeth_MsT
MST 2009 Group 9 Violet v Shine (reup) part 2
Violet (teal protoss) v Shine (red zerg) map: Destination
http://wn.com/MST_2009_Group_9_Violet_v_Shine_reup_part_2
MST Group I Winners Match
April 30, 2009 Kwanro - Z Pure - P
http://wn.com/MST_Group_I_Winners_Match
MST 2009 Group 9 Violet v Shine (reup) part 3
Violet (teal protoss) v Shine (red zerg) map: Destination
http://wn.com/MST_2009_Group_9_Violet_v_Shine_reup_part_3
Motus Daytona Street Ride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Published: 10 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: motusmotorcycles
Some quick clips of the Motus MST and MST-R test motorcycle riding around Daytona Beach.
http://wn.com/Motus_Daytona_Street_Ride
MST 2009 Group 9 Violet v Shine (reup) part 4
Violet (teal protoss) v Shine (red zerg) map: Destination
http://wn.com/MST_2009_Group_9_Violet_v_Shine_reup_part_4
BestGod vs Type-B @ MST Group 10 Set 1
BestGod (P, 7) Byzantium 2 Type-B (Z, 10)
http://wn.com/BestGod_vs_Type-B_@_MST_Group_10_Set_1
MST S2 Group 5 Losers Match
Anytime (yellow protoss) Daezang (protoss brown) map: Heartbreak Ridge
http://wn.com/MST_S2_Group_5_Losers_Match
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Flash Blue Terran Daezang (orange protoss) Byzantium 3
http://wn.com/MST_09_S2_Group_5_Daezang_v_Flash_part_1
MST Group 11 set 1 Shine v Shuttle part 2
Shine (blue zerg) Shuttle (white protoss) map: Fighting spirit
http://wn.com/MST_Group_11_set_1_Shine_v_Shuttle_part_2
photo: AP / Chris Carlson
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Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, KBE (, Mstislav Leopol'dovič Rostropovič, ; March 27, 1927 – April 27, 2007), known to close friends as Slava, was a Soviet and Russian cellist and conductor. He was married to the soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. He is widely considered to have been the greatest cellist of the second half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest of all time. In addition to his outstanding interpretations and technique, he was well-known for his commissions of new works which enlarged the cello repertoire more than any cellist before or since. He gave the premieres of over 100 pieces.
Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance (1984)
*Mstislav Rostropovich & Rudolf Serkin for Brahms: Sonata for Cello and Piano in E Minor, Op. 38 and Sonata in F, Op. 99
Polar Music Prize, 1995
Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society (1970)
Ernst von Siemens Music Prize 1976
Sonning Award (1981; Denmark)
Citizen of Honor of Orenburg, Russia (1993)
Sharaf Order (Order of Honor) of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Istiglal Order (Order of Sovereignty) of Azerbaijan (March 3, 2002)
Honorary KBE from Queen Elizabeth II in 1987
In 1987, Rostropovich was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan.
Prince of Asturias Awards, 1997 (jointly with Yehudi Menuhin)
Citizen of honor of Vilnius, Lithuania (2000)
Konex Decoration granted by de Konex Foundation of Argentina in 2002.
Order of Service to the Fatherland, First Degree, for his "outstanding contribution to the development of world music and many years of creative activity," presented by President Vladimir Putin, February 26, 2007.
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded him the rare Medal for Art and Science (Dutch: "Eremedaille voor Kunst en Wetenschap") of the House-Order of Orange.
Laurea ad honorem at the University of Bologna in Political Science, 2006.
He was a recipient of Yale University's Sanford Medal.
Honorary Membership of the Royal Academy of Music, London.
The gold UNESCO Mozart Medal, 2007.
Rostropovich.org
Wilson, Elizabeth. Mstislav Rostropovich: Cellist, Teacher, Legend London: Faber & Faber, 2007. ISBN 978-0-571-22051-9
Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Foundation homepage
Home-museum of Leopold and Mstislav Rostropovich
Mstislav Rostropovich - Daily Telegraph obituary
Mstislav Rostropovich: Cellist, Conductor, Humanitarian Cellist Arash Amini shares his personal experiences with Slava, a feature from the Bloomingdale School of Music (October, 2007)
Why the cello is a hero, interview with the Daily Telegraph
Interview by Tim Janof
Famous People: Then and Now article and interview at Azerbaijan International (Winter 1999)
Intellectual Responsibility. When Silence is Not Golden: Conversations with Mstislav Rostropovich, another Azerbaijan International interview (Summer 2005)
Hearing Mstislav Rostropovich survey of Rostropovich recordings, by Jens F. Laurson (WETA, May 4, 2007)
1987 Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients
The first Prague Spring International Cello Competition in 1950 in photographs, documents and reminiscences
Rostropovich was internationally recognized as a staunch advocate of human rights, and was awarded the 1974 Award of the International League of Human Rights.
Early years
Rostropovich was born in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR, to ethnic Russian parents who had moved from Orenburg. His father, Leopold Vitoldovich Rostropovich, was also partly of Belarusian-Polish noble descent. That part of his family bore the Bogorya coat of arms, which was located at the family palace in Skotniki, Masovian Voivodeship. He grew up in Baku and spent his youth there. During World War II his family moved back to Orenburg and then in 1943 to Moscow.At the age of four, Rostropovich learned the piano with his mother, Sofiya Nikolaevna Fedotova, a talented pianist. He began the cello at the age of 10 with his father, who was a renowned cellist and former student of Pau Casals.
In 1943, at the age of 16, he entered the Moscow Conservatory. Until 1948 he studied cello, piano, conducting and composition. His teachers included Dmitri Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev. In 1945 he came to prominence as a cellist when he won the gold medal in the first ever Soviet Union competition for young musicians. He became professor of cello at the Moscow Conservatory in 1956.
First concerts
Rostropovich gave his first cello concert in 1942. He won first prize at the international Music Awards of Prague and Budapest in 1947, 1949 and 1950. In 1950, at the age of 23 he was awarded what was then considered the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, the Stalin Prize. At that time, Rostropovich was already well known in his country and while actively pursuing his solo career, he taught at the Leningrad (Saint-Petersburg) Conservatory and the Moscow Conservatory. In 1955, he married Galina Vishnevskaya, soprano at the Bolshoi Theatre.
Rostropovich had working relationships with Soviet composers of the era. In 1949 Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Cello Sonata in C, Op. 119, for the 22-year old Rostropovich, who gave the first performance in 1950, with Sviatoslav Richter. Prokofiev also dedicated his Sinfonia Concertante for cello to him; this was premiered in 1952. Rostropovich and Dmitry Kabalevsky completed Prokofiev's Cello Concertino after the composer's death. Dmitri Shostakovich wrote both his first and second cello concertos for Rostropovich, who also gave their first performances.
His international career started in 1963 in the Conservatoire of Liège (with Kirill Kondrashin) and in 1964 in West Germany. Rostropovich went on several tours in Western Europe and met several composers, including Benjamin Britten. Britten dedicated his Cello Sonata, three Solo Suites, and his Cello Symphony to Rostropovich, who gave their first performances. In 1967, he conducted Tchaikovsky's opera Eugene Onegin at the Bolshoi, thus letting forth his passion for both the role of conductor and the opera.
Proms on August 21, 1968
Rostropovich played at The Proms on the night of August 21, 1968. He played with the Soviet State Symphony Orchestra and it was the orchestra's debut performance at the Proms. The programme featured Czech composer Antonín Dvořák's Cello Concerto and was the same day that Russians invaded Czechoslovakia to put an end to Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring.
Exile
Rostropovich fought for art without borders, freedom of speech, and democratic values, resulting in harassment from the Soviet regime. An early example was in 1948, when he was a student at the Moscow Conservatory. In response to the 10 February 1948 decree on so-called 'formalist' composers, his teacher Dmitri Shostakovich was dismissed from his professorships in Leningrad and Moscow; the then 21-year-old Rostropovich quit the conservatory, dropping out in protest. In 1970, Rostropovich sheltered Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who otherwise would have had nowhere to go, in his own home. His friendship with Solzhenitsyn and his support for dissidents led to official disgrace in the early 1970s. As a result, Rostropovich was restricted from foreign touring, as was his wife, soprano Galina Vishnevskaya, and he was sent on a recital tour of small towns in Siberia.Rostropovich left the Soviet Union in 1974 with his wife and children and settled in the United States. He was banned from several musical ensembles in his homeland, and his Soviet citizenship was revoked in 1978 because of his public opposition to the Soviet Union's restriction of cultural freedom. He would not return to the Soviet Union until 1990.
Further career
From 1977 until 1994, he was musical director and conductor of the U.S. National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, while still performing with some of the most famous musicians such as Martha Argerich, Sviatoslav Richter and Vladimir Horowitz. He was also the director and founder of the Rostropovich Music Festival and was a regular performer at the Aldeburgh Festival in the UK.His impromptu performance during the fall of the Berlin Wall as events unfolded earned him international fame and was reported throughout the world. His Soviet citizenship was restored in 1990, although he and his family had already become American citizens.
In modern Russia, Rostropovich was welcomed by high officials. He supported Boris Yeltsin during the 1993 constitutional crisis (Rostropovich conducted the National Symphony Orchestra in Red Square at the height of the crackdown), and was also on friendly terms with Vladimir Putin.
In 1993 he was instrumental in the foundation of the Kronberg Academy and was a patron until his death. He commissioned Rodion Shchedrin to compose the opera Lolita and conducted in 1994 the premiere at the Royal Swedish Opera.
Rostropovich received many international awards, including the French Legion of Honor and honorary doctorates from many international universities. He was an activist, fighting for freedom of expression in art and politics. An ambassador for the UNESCO, he supported many educational and cultural projects. Rostropovich performed several times in Madrid and was a close friend of Queen Sofía of Spain.
Rostropovich and his wife, Galina Vishnevskaya founded the Rostropovich-Vishnevskaya Foundation, a publicly-supported non-profit 501(c)(3) organization based in Washington, D.C., in 1991 to improve the health and future of children in the former Soviet Union. The Rostropovich Home Museum opened on March 4, 2002, in Baku. Rostropovich and Vishnevskaya visited Azerbaijan occasionally. Rostropovich also presented cello master classes at the Azerbaijan State Conservatory.
Together they formed a valuable art collection. In September 2007, when it was slated to be sold at auction by Sotheby's in London and dispersed, Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov stepped forward and negotiated the purchase of all 450 lots, in order to keep the collection together and bring it to Russia as a memorial to the great cellist's memory. Christie's reported that the buyer paid a "substantially higher" sum than the £20 million pre-sale estimate
In 2006, he was featured in Alexander Sokurov's documentary Elegy of a life: Rostropovich, Vishnevskaya.
His instruments included the 1711 Duport Stradivarius, a Storioni on which he made most of his recordings and a Peter Guarneri of Venice.
Later life
Rostropovich's health declined in 2006, with the Chicago Tribune reporting rumors of unspecified surgery in Geneva and later treatment for what was reported as an aggravated ulcer. Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Rostropovich to discuss details of a celebration the Kremlin was planning for March 27, 2007, Rostropovich's 80th birthday. Rostropovich attended the celebration but was reportedly in frail health.Though Rostropovich's last home was in Paris, he maintained residences in Moscow, St. Petersburg, London, Lausanne, and Jordanville, New York. Rostropovich was admitted to a Paris hospital at the end of January 2007, but then decided to fly to Moscow, where he had been receiving care. On February 6, 2007 the 79-year-old Rostropovich was admitted to a hospital in Moscow. "He is just feeling unwell", Natalya Dolezhale, Rostropovich's secretary in Moscow, said. Asked if there was serious cause for concern about his health she said: "No, right now there is no cause whatsoever." She refused to specify the nature of his illness. The Kremlin said that President Vladimir Putin had visited the musician on Monday in the hospital, which prompted speculation that he was in a serious condition. Dolezhale said the visit was to discuss arrangements for marking Rostropovich's 80th birthday. On March 27, 2007, the Russian President Vladimir Putin issued a statement praising Rostropovich.
He re-entered the Blokhim Cancer Institute on April 7, 2007, where he was treated for intestinal cancer. He died on April 27, 2007.
On April 28, Rostropovich's body lay in an open coffin at the Moscow Conservatory, where he once studied as a teenager, and was then moved to the Church of Christ the Saviour. Thousands of mourners, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, bade farewell. Spain's Queen Sofia, French first lady Bernadette Chirac and President Ilham Aliev of Azerbaijan, where Rostropovich was born, as well as Naina Yeltsina, the widow of Boris Yeltsin, were among those in attendance at the funeral on April 29. Rostropovich was then buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery, the same cemetery where his friend Boris Yeltsin was buried four days earlier.
Stature
Rostropovich was a huge influence on the younger generation of cellists. Many have openly acknowledged their debt to his example. In the Daily Telegraph, Julian Lloyd Webber called him "probably the greatest cellist of all time."Rostropovich either commissioned or was the recipient of compositions by many composers including Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev, Benjamin Britten, Henri Dutilleux, Leonard Bernstein, Alfred Schnittke, Aram Khachaturian, Ástor Piazzolla, Olivier Messiaen, Witold Lutosławski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Sofia Gubaidulina, Arthur Bliss and Lopes Graça. His commissions of new works enlarged the cello repertoire more than any cellist before or since.
He was the first performer of 117 pieces, and is well known for his interpretations of Dvořák's Cello Concerto in B minor and Haydn's cello concerti in C and D, Prokofiev's Symphony-Concerto and the two cello concerti of Shostakovich. Between 1997 and 2001 he was intimately involved in the development and testing of the BACH.Bow, a curved bow designed by the cellist Michael Bach. In 2001 he invited Michael Bach for a presentation of his BACH.Bow to Paris (7ème Concours de violoncelle Rostropovitch).. In July 2011. the city of Moscow announced plans to erect a statue of Rostropovich in a central square .
Awards and recognitions
Rostropovich received about 50 awards during his life, including:
References
Further reading
External links
Category:1927 births Category:2007 deaths Category:AIDS activists Category:American people of Russian descent Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Category:Cancer deaths in Russia Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Lenin Prize winners Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni Category:Russian music educators Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Order of Merit for the Fatherland recipients Category:People from Baku Category:People's Artists of the USSR Category:Polish nobility Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists Category:Russian classical cellists Category:Russian conductors (music) Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States Category:Stalin Prize winners Category:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates
ar:مستيسلاف روستروبوفيتش an:Mstislav Rostropovich az:Mstislav Rostropoviç be:Мсціслаў Леапольдавіч Растраповіч be-x-old:Мсьціслаў Растраповіч bg:Мстислав Ростропович ca:Mstislav Rostropóvitx cs:Mstislav Leopoldovič Rostropovič cy:Mstislav Rostropovich da:Mstislav Rostropovitj de:Mstislaw Leopoldowitsch Rostropowitsch et:Mstislav Rostropovitš es:Mstislav Rostropóvich fr:Mstislav Rostropovitch gl:Mstislav Rostropovich ko:므스티슬라프 로스트로포비치 hy:Մստիսլավ Ռոստրոպովիչ hr:Mstislav Rostropovič id:Mstislav Rostropovich it:Mstislav Leopol'dovič Rostropovič he:מסטיסלב רוסטרופוביץ' ka:მსტისლავ როსტროპოვიჩი la:Mstislaus Rostropowicz lb:Mstislaw Leopoldowitsch Rostropowitsch lt:Mstislavas Rostropovičius hu:Msztyiszlav Leopoldovics Rosztropovics nl:Mstislav Rostropovitsj ja:ムスティスラフ・ロストロポーヴィチ no:Mstislav Rostropovitsj oc:Mstislav Rostropovich pl:Mścisław Rostropowicz pt:Mstislav Rostropovich ru:Ростропович, Мстислав Леопольдович scn:Mstislav Rostropovich simple:Mstislav Rostropovich sk:Mstislav Leopoľdovič Rostropovič sl:Mstislav Rostropovič sh:Mstislav Rostropovič fi:Mstislav Rostropovitš sv:Mstislav Rostropovitj tr:Mstislav Rostropoviç uk:Ростропович Мстислав Леопольдович vi:Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich zh:姆斯蒂斯拉夫·列奥波尔多维奇·罗斯特罗波维奇This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Henri Vähäkainu (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Gee, formerly Pikku G, is a Finnish rapper from Nurmijärvi. His former stage name "Pikku G" refers to his small size (= "pikku") and to "Genetic", his old breakdance name.
Räjähdysvaara (2003 - sold 121,204)
Räjähdysvaara XXL (2003)
Suora Lähetys (2004 - sold over 40,000)
"Shala La La" (2003)
"Romeo ja Julia" (2003) Romeo and Juliet
"Me ollaan nuoriso" (2003) We are the youth
"Kylki kyljessä" (2004) All together
Music career and fame
Vähäkainu made his breakthrough on radio station YLEX's competition at the age of 15. His debut album Räjähdysvaara was released in 2003. It was the first Finnish hip hop album to sell platinum and it was Finland's most sold record that year. The following year he released another album called Suora Lähetys, but even though it also reached platinum numbers, it sold about one third of his first album's sales.He published a self-titled book in 2004, and was elected "Finland's most positive celebrity" in the same year.
Personal life
Vähäkainu is from a pentecostalist family, but he is not a pentecostalist. He ran for a place in the Finnish Parliament in the 2007 elections from the list of Finnish Centre party. He supported Finnish prime minister Matti Vanhanen in 2006 Finnish presidential election.
Criminal record
In September 2009, Vähäkainu was convicted of aggravated driving under the influence. He received a suspended sentence of 45 days and was day-fined.Vähäkainu was investigated due to his alleged involvement of arranging a meeting between a cocaine dealer and potential customers in October 2009, while still on probation. A text message sent by him to the dealer was presented as an evidence in court. He denied any such involvement.
On March 30, 2010 Vähäkainu was convicted of distributing ten grams of cocaine and sentenced to pay 80 day-fines.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Finnish rappers Category:People convicted of drug offenses Category:People from Nurmijärvi
it:Pikku G nl:Pikku G se:Pikku G fi:Gee
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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