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Asakura clan
The are descendants of Prince Kusakabe (662-689), son of Emperor Temmu (631-686).
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Ichiki Shirō
was a pioneering Japanese photographer.
http://wn.com/Ichiki_Shirō -
Morihiro Hosokawa
Morihiro Hosokawa (細川 護煕 Hosokawa Morihiro, born January 14, 1938) is a Japanese politician who was the 79th Prime Minister of Japan from August 9, 1993 to April 28, 1994. His coalition was the first non-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government since 1955.
http://wn.com/Morihiro_Hosokawa -
Saigō Tanomo
Saigō Tanomo (西郷頼母; May 16, 1830-April 28, 1903) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period. Chief senior councilor (hittōgarō 筆頭家老 ) of the Aizu clan, he achieved fame due to his distinguished action in the Boshin War. Surviving the war, he became a Shinto priest, and achieved renown as a martial artist. Teacher of the famed Sokaku Takeda.
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but remained in power until his death in 1616. His given name is sometimes spelled Iyeyasu, according to the historical pronunciation of we. Ieyasu was posthumously enshrined at Nikkō Tōshō-gū with the name .
http://wn.com/Tokugawa_Ieyasu -
Ōuchi family
The was one of the most powerful and important families in Japan during the reign of the Ashikaga shogunate in the 12th to 14th centuries descended from the Korean Baekje Dynasty's Royal family. Their domains, ruled from the castle town of Yamaguchi, comprised six provinces at their height, and the Ōuchi played a major role in supporting the Ashikaga in the Nanboku-cho Wars against the Imperial Court. The Ōuchi remained powerful up until the 1560s, when they became eclipsed by their vassals, the Mōri clan.
http://wn.com/Ōuchi_family
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, literally: bay-entrance, "estuary", pronounced , also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and the site of a vibrant urban culture centered on notions of the "floating world".
http://wn.com/Edo -
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region on Honshū island. The capital is the city of Fukui.
http://wn.com/Fukui_Prefecture -
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
http://wn.com/Japan -
is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan.
http://wn.com/Nagoya
- Akamatsu clan
- Amago clan
- Asakura clan
- Ashikaga shogunate
- Battle of Sekigahara
- Chōsokabe clan
- daguerreotype
- Daimio (butterfly)
- Date clan
- Edo
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- Han (Japan)
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- Hatakeyama clan
- Hatano clan
- Hikone, Shiga
- History of Japan
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- Ichiki Shirō
- Ii clan
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- Ishikawa Prefecture
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- lord
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- Meiji Restoration
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- Muromachi period
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- Nagato Province
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- Owari Province
- Prefectures of Japan
- Provinces of Japan
- regent
- Rokkaku clan
- ronin
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- rōjū
- Saigō Tanomo
- Saitō clan
- sankin kōtai
- Satake clan
- Satsuma Domain
- Satsuma Province
- Sendai
- Sengoku period
- Shiba clan
- Shimazu family
- Shinpan (daimyo)
- shogun
- shugo
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- Tosa Ichijō clan
- tozama
- Uesugi clan
- Wakayama Prefecture
- Yamana clan
- Yonezawa, Yamagata
- Ōnin War
- Ōuchi family
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- Aizu
- Akamatsu clan
- Amago clan
- Asakura clan
- Ashikaga shogunate
- Battle of Sekigahara
- Chōsokabe clan
- daguerreotype
- Daimio (butterfly)
- Date clan
- Edo
- Edo period
- feudalism
- fudai
- Fukui Prefecture
- Hachisuka clan
- Han (Japan)
- Hands (Japan)
- Hatakeyama clan
- Hatano clan
- Hikone, Shiga
- History of Japan
- Hosokawa clan
- Ichiki Shirō
- Ii clan
- Ikkō-ikki
- Imagawa clan
- Ishikawa Prefecture
- Japan
- Ji-samurai
- Jimbō clan
- Kaga Domain
- kazoku
- Kii Province
- Kitabatake clan
- koku
- Kokushi (official)
- kuge
- Kumamoto
- Late Hōjō clan
- lord
- Maeda clan
- Matsudaira clan
- Matsunaga clan
- Meiji Restoration
- Mito, Ibaraki
- Miyoshi clan
- Morihiro Hosokawa
- Muromachi period
- Mōri clan
- Nagao clan
- Nagato Province
- Nagoya
- Oda clan
- Owari Province
- Prefectures of Japan
- Provinces of Japan
- regent
- Rokkaku clan
- ronin
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}} is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in premodern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings. In the term, literally means "large", and "myō" stands for , meaning private land.
Subordinate only to the shogun, daimyo were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the middle 19th century in Japan.
From the shugo of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history.
The term "daimyo" is also sometimes used to refer to the leading figures of such clans, also called "lord". It was usually, though not exclusively, from these warlords that a shogun arose or a regent was chosen.
Shugo daimyo
The were the first group of men to hold the title "daimyo". They arose from among the shugo during the Muromachi period. the shugo daimyo held not only military and police powers, but also economic power within a province. They accumulated these powers throughout the first decades of the Muromachi period.
Major shugo daimyo came from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and Hosokawa clans, as well as the tozama clans of Yamana, Ōuchi, and Akamatsu.The greatest ruled multiple provinces.
The Ashikaga shogunate required the shugo daimyo to reside in Kyoto, so they appointed relatives or retainers, called shugodai, to represent them in their home provinces. Eventually some of these in turn came to reside in Kyoto, appointing deputies in the provinces.
The Ōnin War was a major uprising in which shugo daimyo fought each other. During this and other wars of the time, kuni ikki, or provincial uprisings, took place as locally powerful warriors sought independence from the shugo daimyo. The deputies of the shugo daimyo, living in the provinces, seized the opportunity to strengthen their position. At the end of the fifteenth century, those shugo daimyo who succeeded remained in power. Those who had failed to exert control over their deputies fell from power and were replaced by a new class, the "sengoku daimyo", who arose from the ranks of the shugodai and Ji-samurai.
Sengoku daimyo
Among the were many who had been shugo daimyo, such as the Satake, Imagawa, Takeda, Toki, Rokkaku, Ōuchi, and Shimazu. New to the ranks of daimyo were the Asakura, Amago, Nagao, Miyoshi, Chōsokabe, Jimbō, Hatano, Oda, and Matsunaga. These came from the ranks of the shugodai and their deputies. Additional sengoku daimyo such as the Mōri, Tamura, and Ryūzōji arose from the ji-samurai. The lower officials of the shogunate and ronin (Late Hōjō, Saitō), provincial officials (Kitabatake), and kuge (Tosa Ichijō) also gave rise to sengoku daimyo.
Daimyo in the Edo period
After the Battle of Sekigahara in the year 1600 that marked the beginning of the Edo period, shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu reorganized roughly 200 daimyo and their territories, into the han, and rated them based on their production of rice from rice paddies. Daimyo were those who headed han assessed at 10,000 koku (50,000 bushels) or more. Ieyasu also categorized the daimyo according to how close they were to the ruling Tokugawa family: the shinpan were related to the Tokugawa; the fudai had been vassals of the Tokugawa or allies in battle; and the tozama who had not allied with the Tokugawa before the battle (did not necessarily fight against the Tokugawa).Around 1800, there were approximately 170 daimyo in Japan.
The shinpan were collaterals of Ieyasu, such as the Matsudaira, or descendants of Ieyasu other than in the main line of succession. Several shinpan, including the Tokugawa of Owari (Nagoya), Kii (Wakayama) and Mito, as well as the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu, held large han.
A few fudai daimyo, such as the Ii of Hikone, held large han, but many were small. The shogunate placed many fudai at strategic locations to guard the trade routes and the approaches to Edo. Also, many fudai daimyo took positions in the Edo shogunate, some rising to the position of rōjū. The fact that fudai daimyo could hold government positions while tozama, in general, could not was a main difference between the two.
Tozama daimyo held large fiefs, with the Kaga han of Ishikawa Prefecture, headed by the Maeda clan, assessed at 1,000,000 koku. Other famous tozama clans included the Mori of Chōshū, the Shimazu of Satsuma, the Date of Sendai, the Uesugi of Yonezawa, and the Hachisuka of Awa. Initially, the Tokugawa regarded them as potentially rebellious, but for most of the Edo period, marriages between the Tokugawa and the tozama, as well as control policies such as sankin kōtai, resulted in peaceful relations.
Sankin kōtai
Sankin kōtai ("alternate attendance") was the system whereby the Tokugawa forced all daimyo to spend every other year at the Tokugawa court in Edo, and maintain their family members in Edo when they returned to their han. This increased political and fiscal control over the daimyo by Edo. As time went on in the Tokugawa period, many other systems of controlling the daimyo were put into place, such as mandatory contributions to public works such as road building. In addition, daimyo were forbidden to build ships and castles, and other shows of military power were often tightly controlled.Upset by these controls, and often in bad economic situations because of things like sankin kotai, forced support of public works, and extravagant spending, several daimyo sided against the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Meiji Restoration.
After the Meiji Restoration
In 1869, the year after the Meiji Restoration, the daimyo, together with the kuge, formed a new aristocracy, the kazoku. In 1871, the han were abolished and prefectures were established, thus effectively ending the daimyo era in Japan. In the wake of this change, many daimyo remained in control of their lands, being appointed as prefectural governors; however, they were soon relieved of this duty and called en masse to Tokyo, thereby cutting off any independent base of power from which to potentially rebel. Despite this, members of former daimyo families remained prominent in government and society, and in some cases continue to remain prominent to the present day. (For example, Morihiro Hosokawa, the former prime minister is a descendant of the daimyo of Kumamoto, but these cases are very few now.)
References
See also
Resources
Category:Japanese words and phrases
ar:داي-ميو ast:Daimyo bg:Даймио ca:Dàimio cs:Daimjó da:Daimyo de:Daimyō et:Daimjo es:Daimyō eo:Daimio fa:دایمیو fr:Daimyo ko:다이묘 id:Daimyo it:Daimyō he:דאימיו lt:Daimyo hu:Daimjó ms:Daimyo nl:Daimyo ja:大名 no:Daimyō pl:Daimyō pt:Daimiô ro:Daimyo ru:Даймё simple:Daimyo sk:Daimjó sl:Daimjo su:Daimyo fi:Daimio sv:Daimyo tl:Daimyo th:ไดเมียว tr:Daimyo uk:Даймьо vi:Daimyō zh-classical:大名 wuu:大名 zh-yue:大名 zh:大名 (称谓)This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.