name | Elmore James |
---|---|
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Elmore Brooks |
born | January 27, 1918Richland, Holmes County, Mississippi |
died | May 24, 1963Chicago, Illinois |
instrument | Guitar, vocals |
genre | Blues |
occupation | Musician, singer-songwriter |
years active | }} |
Elmore James (January 27, 1918 – May 24, 1963) was an American blues guitarist, singer, song writer and band leader. He was known as The King of the Slide Guitar and had a unique guitar style, noted for his use of loud amplification and his stirring voice.
Elmore began making music at the age of 12 using a simple one-string instrument ('diddley bow' or 'jitterbug') strung up on a shack wall. As a teen he was playing at local dances under the names Cleanhead and Joe Willie James. His first marriage was to Minnie Mae around 1942 (whom he apparently never divorced). He subsequently married twice, to Georgianna Crump in 1947 and to a woman called Janice around 1954. (Another reported marriage of Elmore to a Josephine Harris has been found to be a mistaken record of a different Elmore James.)
Becoming a well-known musician in those days, with the not-so-minor rewards of prestige, good free food, illicit free liquor, women's favours, the promise of escape from the hard agricultural work, etc., must have been as attractive to Elmore as it was to the other musicians of that time and earlier, such as the 'second' Sonny Boy Williamson, with whom he played and the legendary Robert Johnson with whom he also possibly played. Although Robert Johnson died in 1938, James (like many other musicians) was strongly influenced by him, and also by Kokomo Arnold and Tampa Red. Elmore recorded several of Tampa's songs, and even inherited from his band two of his famous 'Broomdusters', 'Little' Johnny Jones (piano) and Odie Payne (drums). There is a dispute as to whether Robert Johnson or Elmore wrote James's trademark song, "Dust My Broom".
An important side to James's character which may have hastened his demise was his lifelong taste for, and manufacture of, moonshine whiskey, to which he was introduced at an early age. Alcohol definitely killed his band-mates/friends Willie Love and Johnny Jones at an early age, and probably others too. His regular rhythm guitarist Homesick James maintained his longevity was due to his not partaking of the heavy drinking sessions after — and often during — gigs, a refusal that was unpopular with the rest of the band. James was also reportedly an extremely fast driver who also loved hunting with guns and dogs in Mississippi.
During World War II James joined the United States Navy, was promoted to coxswain and took part in the invasion of Guam against the Japanese. Upon his discharge Elmore returned to central Mississippi and eventually settled in Canton with his adopted brother Robert Holston, it was at this time he learned that he had a serious heart condition. Working in Robert's electrical shop, he devised his unique electric sound, using parts from the shop and an unusual placement of two D'Armond pickups. He began recording with Trumpet Records in nearby Jackson in January 1951, first as sideman to the second Sonny Boy Williamson and also to their mutual friend Wille Love and possibly others, then debuting as a session leader in August with "Dust My Broom". It was a surprise R&B; hit in 1952 and turned James into a star. He then broke his recording contract with Trumpet Records to sign up with the Bihari Brothers through Ike Turner (who played guitar and piano on a couple of his early Bihari recordings). His "I Believe" was another hit a year later. During the 1950s he recorded for the Bihari brothers' Flair Records, Meteor Records and Modern Records labels, as well as for Chess Records and Mel London's Chief Records (his "It Hurts Me Too" was later a hit when he re-recorded it for Enjoy Records). His backing musicians were known as the Broomdusters. In 1959 he began recording for Bobby Robinson's Fire Records label. These include "The Sky Is Crying" (credited to Elmo James and His Broomdusters), "My Bleeding Heart", "Stranger Blues", "Look on Yonder Wall", "Done Somebody Wrong", and "Shake Your Moneymaker", all of which are among the most famous of blues recordings.
James died of his third heart attack in Chicago in 1963, just prior to a tour of Europe with that year's 'American Folk Blues Festival.' He was buried in the Newport Baptist Church Cemetery, Ebenezer, Holmes County, Mississippi.
Muddy Waters took the Belgian blues fan (George Adins) to see James play in Chicago in 1959, Adins recalled,
Elmore will always remain the most exciting, dramatic blues singer and guitarist that I've ever had a chance to see perform in the flesh. On our way we listened to him on the radio as Big Bill Hill ... was broadcasting direct from that place. I was burning to see Elmore James and before we even pushed open the door of the club, we could hear Elmore's violent guitar sound. Although the place was overcrowded, we managed to find a seat close to the bandstand and the blues came falling down on me as it had never done before. Watching Elmore sing and play, backed by a solid blues band (Homesick James, J.T. Brown, Boyd Atkins and Sam Cassell) made me feel real fine. Wearing thick glasses, Elmore's face always had an expressive and dramatic look, especially when he was real gone on the slow blues. Singing with a strong and rough voice, he really didn't need a mike. On such slow blues as "I'm Worried - "Make My Dreams Come True" - "It Hurts Me", his voice reached a climax and created a tension that was unmistakably the down and out blues. Notwithstanding that raw voice, Elmore sang his blues with a particular feeling, an emotion and depth that showed his country background. His singing was... fed, reinforced by his own guitar accompaniment which was as rough, violent and expressive as was his voice. Using the bottleneck technique most of the time, Elmore really let his guitar sound as I had never heard a guitar sound before. You just couldn't sit still! You had to move...George also witnessed James at 'Alex Club' in West Side Chicago where...
...he always played for a dance audience and he made the people jump. "Bobby's Rock" was at that time one of the favourite numbers with the crowd and Elmore used to play [it] for fifteen minutes and more. You just couldn't stand that hysteric sound coming down on you. The place was rocking, swinging!
The nearest we have to a recording of a 'live' set by James is his last recorded session by Bobby Robinson, in New York City in 1963 shortly before James death. This session features several takes of "Hand In Hand" which was abandoned and James then played a 'live' set.
His best known song is the blues standard "Dust My Broom" (also known as "Dust My Blues"). The song gave its name to James's band, The Broomdusters. The song's opening slide guitar riff is one of the best-known sounds in all of blues. It is essentially the same riff that appeared in the recording of the same song by Robert Johnson, but James played the riff with electric slide guitar. It was even transformed into a doo-wop chorus on Jesse Stone's "Down in the Alley", recorded by The Clovers and Elvis Presley. Stone transcribed the riff as: "Changety changety changety changety chang chang!"
Listen to this 8-second sample of the riff from Dust My Broom featured in this very different song, James – like most other performers who have a hit tune – was pressured into using this as a "hit formula" in many of his subsequent songs, although his later big sellers bore no semblance to this:
The most famous guitarist who admired Elmore James was Jimi Hendrix. Early in his career Jimi styled himself variously as 'Maurice James' and subsequently as 'Jimmy James.' This, according to former bandmate and recording partner Lonnie Youngblood, was a tribute to Elmore James. There is a photo of Hendrix (that can be seen in the sleeve of his '':blues'' album) in London wearing his iconic military jacket and holding Elmore James's UK LP ''The Best Of Elmore James.'' (Hendrix was frequently photographed throughout his performing career holding LP covers of musicians that influenced him.) He performed James' "Bleeding Heart" during the Experience's Royal Albert Hall concert in 1969, and also with the Band of Gypsys at their New Year's concerts at the Fillmore East in 1969/70 as well as recording two different versions of it in the studio. Buddy Miles also sang lyrics along with Jimi playing some motifs from James' "The Sky Is Crying" during his famous jam session the Newport Pop Festival on June 22, 1969 (the video is now available in collector's circles) as well as quoting several lyrics and motifs from Elmore's catalogue throughout his career.
James is mentioned in The Beatles' song "For You Blue": while John Lennon plays the slide guitar (James' trademark), George Harrison says, "Elmore James got nothin' on this, baby." Other artists influenced by Elmore James include Frank Zappa and Jeffrey Evans of the band 68 Comeback.
The Grateful Dead, John Primer (''Blue Steel'' CD), Billy Gibbons and Eric Clapton are other notable artists to have recorded Elmore James covers. Clapton also recorded a song with Jimmy Page called "Tribute to Elmore" that first appeared on the 1968 compilation album ''Blues Anytime Vol. 1''. On the 1974 record ''Second Album'', Roy Buchanan included an instrumental song he wrote titled "Tribute to Elmore James," which begins with James' classic slide guitar riff, and uses his soloing style throughout.
James's older cousin "Homesick" James Williamson, a regular companion from an early age, played with James in the Broomdusters from 1957 on. He was also a successful blues man who played electric slide guitar in James's style. He continued to record and tour until his death in 2006.
James's music & style still today has immense influence upon today's modern blues icons, including the young Derek Trucks of the Allman Brothers and The Derek Trucks Band, who has attributed James as his most predominant influence, and inspiration.
Category:African American musicians Category:American blues singers Category:American male singers Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees Category:Blues musicians from Mississippi Category:American blues guitarists Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:Slide guitarists Category:1918 births Category:1963 deaths
cs:Elmore James de:Elmore James el:Έλμορ Τζέιμς es:Elmore James fr:Elmore James it:Elmore James nl:Elmore James ja:エルモア・ジェームス no:Elmore James pl:Elmore James pt:Elmore James ru:Элмор Джеймс fi:Elmore James sv:Elmore James uk:Елмор ДжеймсThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | John Martyn |
---|---|
landscape | Yes |
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Iain David McGeachy |
born | September 11, 1948New Malden, Surrey, England |
died | January 29, 2009Ireland |
origin | Surrey and Glasgow |
instrument | Vocals, guitar |
genre | Folk rock, folk jazz |
occupation | Musician, Singer-songwriter |
years active | 1965–2009 |
label | Island, WEA |
website | www.johnmartyn.com |
notable instruments | }} |
John Martyn, OBE (11 September 1948 – 29 January 2009), born Iain David McGeachy, was a British singer-songwriter and guitarist. Over a forty-year career he released twenty studio albums, working with artists such as Eric Clapton and David Gilmour. He has been described by ''The Times'' as "an electrifying guitarist and singer whose music blurred the boundaries between folk, jazz, rock and blues".
This first album was soon followed by ''The Tumbler'', which was moving towards jazz. By 1970 Martyn had developed a wholly original and idiosyncratic sound: acoustic guitar run through a fuzzbox, phase-shifter, and Echoplex. This sound was first apparent on ''Stormbringer!'' in 1970, which was written and performed by both John and Beverley Martyn, his then wife who had previously recorded solo as Beverley Kutner and had worked with artists such as Nick Drake and Jimmy Page. Her second album with John Martyn was ''The Road to Ruin'', also released in 1970. However, Island Records felt that it would be more successful to market Martyn as a solo act and this was how subsequent albums were produced, although Beverley Martyn continued to make appearances as a background singer as well as continuing as a solo artist herself.
Following the commercial success of ''Solid Air'', Martyn quickly recorded and released the experimental ''Inside Out'', a more difficult album with emphasis placed on feel and improvisation rather than song structure. In 1974, he followed this with ''Sunday's Child''. In September of the next year he released a live album, ''Live at Leeds''—Martyn had been unable to convince Island to release the record, and resorted to selling individually signed copies by mail from his home. ''Live at Leeds'' features Danny Thompson and drummer John Stevens, and is notable not only for the performances given, but the recording quality and incredibly quiet audience for a live recording. In 2010 Universal Music released a 2CD Deluxe version of Live at Leeds. After releasing ''Live at Leeds'', Martyn took a sabbatical, including a visit to Jamaica, spending time with famous reggae producer Lee "Scratch" Perry.
In 1977, he released ''One World'', which led some commentators to describe Martyn as the "Father of Trip-Hop". It included tracks such as "Small Hours" and "Big Muff", a collaboration with Lee "Scratch" Perry. ''One World'' is notable for having been recorded outside, the album's lush soundscapes are partly the result of microphones picking up ambient sounds, such as water from a nearby lake.
Released in October 1980, the album had been held up for a year by Chris Blackwell. He was a close friend of John and Beverley, and found the album too openly disturbing to release. Only after intense and sustained pressure from Martyn did Blackwell agree to release the album. Commenting on that period, Martyn said, "I was in a dreadful emotional state over that record. I was hardly in control of my own actions. The reason they finally released it was because I freaked: Please get it out! I don't give a damn about how sad it makes you feel—it's what I'm about: the direct communication of emotion. ''Grace and Danger'' was very cathartic, and it really hurt."
In the late 1980s Martyn would cite ''Grace and Danger'' as his favourite album, and said that it was "probably the most specific piece of autobiography I've written. Some people keep diaries, I make records." The album has since become one of his highest-regarded, prompting a deluxe double-disc issue in 2007, containing the original album remastered.
Phil Collins played drums and sang backing vocals on ''Grace and Danger'' and subsequently played drums on and produced Martyn's next album, ''Glorious Fool'', in 1981.
Martyn left Island records in 1981, and recorded ''Glorious Fool'' and ''Well Kept Secret'' for WEA, the label clearly aiming to bring him mainstream success, and achieving his first Top 30 album. ''Glorious Fool'' was a sharp departure from Martyn's 70s sound and at the time was regarded as something of a sell-out by his die-hard fans, but time has revealed it to be a much stronger album than it seemed at the time, with some fine songwriting and vocals. ''Well Kept Secret'' (1982) was less successful. Martyn released a live album, ''Philentropy'', in 1983.
Returning to Island records, Martyn recorded ''Sapphire'' (1984), ''Piece by Piece'' (1986) and the live ''Foundations'' (1987) before being dropped by Island in 1988.
''And'' (1996) came out on Go!Discs and saw Martyn draw heavily on hip-hop textures while blending a sound still distinctively Martyn, a direction which saw more complete expression on 2000's ''Glasgow Walker'' ; ''The Church with One Bell'' (1998) is a covers album taking in material from Portishead to Ben Harper.
In 2001 Martyn appeared on the track ''Deliver Me'' by Faithless keyboard player and DJ Sister Bliss.
In July 2006 the documentary ''Johnny Too Bad'' was screened by the BBC. The programme documented the period surrounding the operation to amputate Martyn's right leg below the knee (the result of a burst cyst) and the writing and recording of ''On the Cobbles'' (2004), an album described by Peter Marsh on the BBC Music website as "the strongest, most consistent set he's come up with in years." Much of ''Cobbles'' was a revisiting of his acoustic-based sound.
He continued to write and collaborate with various artists up until his death, dividing his time between Glasgow and Thomastown, Kilkenny in Ireland. He recorded a ballad entitled "Really Gone" with Irish group UltanJohn featuring John Conneely & Ultan Conlon which was released in November 2006.
On 4 February 2008, Martyn received the lifetime achievement award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk awards. The award was presented by his friend Phil Collins. The BBC website says of Martyn, "his heartfelt performances have either suggested or fully demonstrated an idiosyncratic genius." Eric Clapton was quoted as saying that Martyn was, "so far ahead of everything, it's almost inconceivable." Martyn performed "Over the Hill" and "May You Never" at the ceremony, with John Paul Jones accompanying on mandolin.
To mark Martyn's 60th birthday, Island released a career-spanning 4CD boxed set, ''Ain't No Saint'' on 1 September 2008. The acclaimed set includes many live recordings and unreleased studio material, researched and compiled by his close friend John Hillarby who also runs the official Martyn website.
Martyn was appointed OBE in the 2009 New Year Honours.
Phil Collins paid tribute, saying: "John's passing is terribly, terribly sad. I had worked with and known him since the late 1970s and he was a great friend. He was uncompromising, which made him infuriating to some people, but he was unique and we'll never see the likes of him again. I loved him dearly and will miss him very much." English rock band Keane included a dedication to John Martyn at their Glasgow concert. On 31 January 2009, Liverpool-based folk-singer/guitarist John Smith, who had previously supported Martyn on tour, performed "Spencer The Rover", from Martyn's ''Sunday's Child'' album, at The Bluecoat in Liverpool, announcing the song simply "For John".
Paying tribute to Martyn, BBC Radio 2's folk presenter Mike Harding said: "John Martyn was a true original, one of the giants of the folk scene. He could write and sing classics like 'May You Never' and 'Fairy Tale Lullaby' like nobody else, and he could sing traditional songs like Spencer The Rover in a way that made them seem new minted." Harding introduced an hour-long tribute to Martyn in his Radio 2 programme on 25 February 2009.
Category:1948 births Category:2009 deaths Category:British folk singers Category:British guitarists Category:British keyboardists Category:British male singers Category:British singer-songwriters Category:British songwriters Category:Fingerstyle guitarists Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:People from New Malden Category:People from Glasgow
br:John Martyn de:John Martyn es:John Martyn fr:John Martyn (musicien) it:John Martyn he:ג'ון מרטין nl:John Martyn (muzikant) no:John Martyn nn:John Martyn pms:John Martyn pl:John Martyn (muzyk) ru:Мартин, Джон uk:Джон МартінThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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