Name | Dakar |
---|---|
Native name | Ville de Dakar |
Type | City |
Image shield | Dakar_CoA.gif |
Map caption | City of Dakar, divided into 19 communes d'arrondissement |
Pushpin map | Senegal |
Pushpin label position | |
Pushpin map caption | Location within Senegal |
Coordinates region | SN |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | |
Subdivision type1 | Région |
Subdivision name1 | Dakar |
Subdivision type2 | Département |
Subdivision name2 | Dakar |
Parts type | Communes d'arrondissement |
Parts | 19 |
P1 | Cambérène |
P2 | Parcelles Assaines |
P3 | Pattie d'Oies |
P4 | Hann Bel-Air |
P5 | Dieuppeul Derklé |
P6 | HLM |
P7 | Biscuiterie |
P8 | Grand Dakar |
P9 | Plateau |
P10 | Médina |
P11 | Fass-Gueule Tapée-Colobane |
P12 | Fann Point-E |
P13 | Mermoz-Sacré-Coeur |
P14 | Ouakam |
P15 | Yoff |
P16 | Ngor |
P17 | Liberté |
P18 | Grand-Yoff |
P19 | Cape Verde Peninsula |
Leader title | Mayor |
Leader name | Khalifa Sall (2009) |
Leader party | BSS/PS |
Leader title1 | Regional president |
Leader name1 | Abdoulaye Wade (since 2002) |
Established title | Settled |
Established date | 15th century |
Area magnitude | 1 E7 |
Area footnotes | |
Area total km2 | 82.38 |
Area metro km2 | 547 |
Population as of | December 31, 2005 estimate |
Population note | Data here are for the administrative Dakar région, which matches almost exactly the limits of the metropolitan area |
Population total | 1030594 |
Population density km2 | 12510 |
Population metro | 2452656 |
Population density metro km2 | 4484 |
Eiu footnotes | |
Timezone | GMT |
Utc offset | +0 |
Coor type | |
Coordinates display | inline,title |
Postal code type | |
Website | www.dakarville.sn |
Footnotes | }} |
According to December 31, 2005 official estimates, the city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million people.
Dakar is a major administrative centre, home to the National Assembly of Senegal and Senegal's President's Palace.
In 1795 the Lebou of Cape Verde revolted against Cayor rule. A new theocratic state, subsequently called the "Lebou Republic" by the French, was established under the leadership of the Diop, a Muslim clerical family originally from Koki in Cayor. The capital of the republic was established at Ndakaaru. In 1857 the French established a military post at Ndakaaru (which they called "Dakar") and annexed the Lebou Republic, though its institutions continued to function nominally. The Serigne (also spelled Sëriñ, "Lord") of Ndakaaru is still recognized as the traditional political authority of the Lebou by the Senegalese State today.
The slave trade was abolished by France in February 1794. However, Napoleon reinstated it in May 1802, then finally abolished it permanently in March 1815. Despite Napoleon's abolition, a clandestine slave trade continued at Gorée until 1848, when it was abolished throughout all French territories. To replace trade in slaves, the French promoted peanut cultivation on the mainland. As the peanut trade boomed, tiny Gorée Island, whose population had grown to 6,000 residents, proved ineffectual as a port. Traders from Gorée decided to move to the continent and a "factory" with warehouses was established in Rufisque in 1840.
Large public expenditure for infrastructure was allocated by the colonial authorities to Dakar's development. The port facilities were improved with jetties, a telegraph line was established along the coast to Saint-Louis and the Dakar-Saint-Louis railway was completed in 1885, at which point the city became an important base for the conquest of the western Sudan.
Gorée, including Dakar, was recognised as a French commune in 1872. Dakar itself was split off from Gorée as a separate commune in 1887. The citizens of the city elected their own mayor and municipal council and helped send an elected representative to the National Assembly in Paris. Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa in 1902. A second major railroad, the Dakar-Niger built from 1906–1923, linked Dakar to Bamako and consolidated the city's position at the head of France's West African empire. In 1929, the commune of Gorée Island, now with only a few hundred inhabitants, was merged into Dakar.
Urbanization during the colonial period was marked by forms of racial and social segregation—often expressed in terms of health and hygiene—which continue to structure the city today. Following a plague epidemic in 1914, the authorities forced most of the African population out of old neighborhoods, or "Plateau", and into a new quarter, called Médina, separated from it by a "sanitary cordon". As first occupants of the land, the Lebou inhabitants of the city successfully resisted this expropriation. They were supported by Blaise Diagne, the first African to be elected Deputy to the National Assembly. Nonetheless, the Plateau thereafter became an administrative, commercial, and residential district increasingly reserved for Europeans and served as model for similar exclusionary administrative enclaves in French Africa's other colonial capitals (Bamako, Conakry, Abidjan, Brazzaville). Meanwhile, the Layene Sufi order, established by Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye, was thriving among the Lebou in Yoff and in a new village called Cambérène. Since independence, urbanization has sprawled eastward past Pikine, a commuter suburb whose population (2001 est. 1,200,000) is greater than that of Dakar proper, to Rufisque, creating a conurbation of almost 3 million (over a quarter of the national population).
In its colonial heyday Dakar was one of the major cities of the French Empire, comparable to Hanoi or Beirut. French trading firms established branch offices there and industrial investments (mills, breweries, refineries, canneries) were attracted by its port and rail facilities. It was also strategically important to France, which maintained an important naval base and coaling station in its harbor and which integrated it into its earliest air force and airmail circuits, most notably with the legendary Mermoz airfield (no longer extant).
During the Battle of Dakar, which took place off the coast of Dakar on September 23, 1940 – September 25, 1940, the British navy attempted to rally the colonial administration in Dakar to the Allied cause and detach it from Vichy. In November 1944 West African conscripts of the French army mutinied against poor conditions at the Thiaroye camp, on the outskirts of the city. The mutiny was seen as an indictment of the colonial system and constituted a watershed for the nationalist movement.
Dakar was the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation from 1959 to 1960, after which it became the capital of Senegal. The poet, philosopher and first President of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor tried to transform Dakar into the "Sub-Saharan African Athens" (l’Athènes de l’Afrique subsaharienne), as his vision was for it.
Dakar is a major financial center, home to a dozen national and regional banks (including the BCEAO which manages the unified West African CFA currency), and to numerous international organizations, NGOs and international research centers. Dakar has a large Lebanese community (concentrated in the import-export sector) that dates to the 1920s, a community of Moroccan business people, as well as Mauritanian, Cape Verdean, and Guinean communities. The city is home to as many as 20,000 French expatriates. France still maintains an air force base at Yoff and the French fleet is serviced in Dakar's port.
Beginning 1978, Dakar has frequently been the ending point of the Dakar Rally. The rally has brought worldwide attention to the poverty of Senegal and Dakar.
Dakar between December and April is usually pleasantly warm. Nights during this time of the year are comfortable. Between May and November, the city becomes decidedly warmer. However, Dakar's weather is not quite as hot as that of African cities inland, such as Niamey and N'Djamena.
The commune of Dakar has been in continuous existence since 1887, being preserved by the new state of Senegal after independence in 1960, although its limits have varied considerably over time. The limits of the commune of Dakar have been unchanged since 1983. The commune of Dakar is ruled by a democratically elected municipal council (conseil municipal) serving five years, and a mayor elected by the municipal council. There have been 20 mayors in Dakar since 1887. The first black mayor was Blaise Diagne, mayor of Dakar from 1924 to 1934. The longest serving mayor was Mamadou Diop, mayor for 18 years between 1984 and 2002.
The commune of Dakar is also a département, one of the 34 départements of Senegal. This situation is quite similar to Paris, which is both a commune and a département. However, contrary to French départements, départements in Senegal have no political power (no departmental assembly), and are merely local administrative structures of the central state, in charge of carrying out some administrative services as well as controlling the activities of the communes within the département.
The département of Dakar is divided into four arrondissements: Almadies, Grand Dakar, Parcelles Assainies (which literally means "drained lots"; this is the most populous arrondissement of Dakar), and Plateau/Gorée (downtown Dakar). These arrondissements are quite different from the arrondissements of Paris, being merely local administrative structures of the central state, like the Senegalese départements, and are thus more comparable to French departmental arrondissements. In 1996 a massive reform of the administrative and political divisions of Senegal was voted by the Parliament of Senegal. The commune of Dakar, whose population approached 1 million inhabitants, was deemed too large and too populated to be properly managed by a central municipality, and thus on August 30, 1996 Dakar was divided into 19 communes d'arrondissement. These communes d'arrondissement were given extensive powers, and are very much like regular communes. They have more powers than the arrondissements of Paris, and are more akin to the London boroughs. The commune of Dakar was maintained above these 19 communes d'arrondissement, and it coordinates the activities of the communes d'arrondissement, much as Greater London coordinates the activities of the London boroughs. The 19 communes d'arrondissement belong to either of the four arrondissements of Dakar, and the sous-préfet of each arrondissement is in charge of controlling the activities of the communes d'arrondissement in his arrondissement.
The commune d'arrondissement of Dakar-Plateau (34,626 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée, is the historical heart of the city, and most ministries and public administrations are located there. The densest and most populous commune d'arrondissement is Médina (136,697 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée. The commune d'arrondissement of Yoff (55,995 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Almadies, is the largest one, while the smallest one is the commune d'arrondissement of Île de Gorée (1,034 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée.
Dakar is one of the 11 régions of Senegal. The Dakar région encompasses the city of Dakar and all its suburbs along the Cape Verde Peninsula. Its territory is thus roughly the same as the territory of the metropolitan area of Dakar. Since the administrative reforms of 1996, the régions of Senegal, which until then were merely local administrative structures of the central state, have been turned into full-fledged political units, with democratically elected regional councils, and regional presidents. They were given extensive powers, and manage economic development, transportation, or environmental protection issues at the regional level, thus coordinating the actions of the communes below them.
Abdoulaye Wade was re-elected in 2007.
The town serves as a port and is home to the Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport. It is also the terminus of the Dakar-Niger railroad line.
Dakar used to be the finishing point of the Dakar Rally and is a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities. Cheikh Anta Diop University also known as the University of Dakar, was established in 1957.
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Baku, Azerbaijan Douala, Cameroon Washington, D.C., United States Rosario, Argentina
Category:Capitals in Africa Category:Populated places in Senegal Category:Populated coastal places in Senegal Category:Dakar Region Dakar 1677-1959 Category:Port cities in Africa Category:Regional capitals in Senegal Category:Populated places established in 1857
af:Dakar am:ዳካር ar:دكار an:Dakar roa-rup:Dakar frp:Dakar az:Dakar bn:ডাকার zh-min-nan:Dakar be:Горад Дакар be-x-old:Дакар bo:ཌ་ཀར། bs:Dakar br:Dakar bg:Дакар ca:Dakar cv:Дакар cs:Dakar cy:Dakar da:Dakar de:Dakar et:Dakar el:Ντακάρ es:Dakar eo:Dakaro eu:Dakar fa:داکار hif:Dakar fr:Dakar fy:Dakar ga:Dacár gd:Dakar gl:Dacar - Dakar ko:다카르 hy:Դակար hi:डकार hr:Dakar io:Dakar id:Dakar ie:Dakar os:Дакар is:Dakar it:Dakar he:דקר (עיר) jv:Dakar ka:დაკარი kk:Соңғы бекет — Дакар ky:Дакар sw:Dakar ku:Dakar mrj:Дакар la:Dakar lv:Dakara lb:Dakar lt:Dakaras lij:Dakar lmo:Dakar hu:Dakar mk:Дакар mr:डकार ms:Dakar nl:Dakar ja:ダカール no:Dakar nn:Dakar nov:Dakar oc:Dakar pnb:ڈا کار pap:Dakar pms:Dakar tpi:Dakar pl:Dakar pt:Dakar ro:Dakar qu:Dakar ru:Дакар sc:Dakar sco:Dakar stq:Dakar scn:Dakar simple:Dakar sk:Dakar ckb:داکار sr:Дакар fi:Dakar sv:Dakar tl:Dakar ta:டக்கார் th:ดาการ์ tg:Дакар tr:Dakar udm:Дакар uk:Дакар ur:ڈاکار vec:Dakar vi:Dakar war:Dakar wo:Ndakaaru yo:Dakar zh:達喀爾This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Andorran sportspeople Category:Dakar Rally drivers Category:French motorcycle racers Category:Off-road racers
bg:Сирил Депре ca:Cyril Despres de:Cyril Despres es:Cyril Despres fr:Cyril Despres hu:Cyril Despres it:Cyril Despres lt:Cyril Despres nl:Cyril Despres pl:Cyril Despres ru:Депре, Сириль
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Tim Coronel |
---|---|
nationality | Dutch |
birth date | April 05, 1972 |
birth place | Naarden (Netherlands) |
related to | Tom Coronel (twin brother) |
current series | SEAT León Eurocup |
first year | 2008 |
current team | SUNRED Engineering |
car number | 19 |
prev series | WTCCDutch BMW 130i CupDutch Porsche GT3 CupDutch Alfa 147 ChallengeDutch Touring Car ChampionshipGerman F3Formula Opel EurocupDutch Citroën AX Cup |
prev series years | 20092006-0820052003-041998–200219971995-961994 |
titles | Dutch Citroën AX CupDutch Alfa 147 ChallengeDutch Porsche GT3 Cup |
title years | 199420032005 |
award years | }} |
Tim Alfa Coronel (born 5 April 1972 in Naarden) is a Dutch racing driver. He is the twin brother of World Touring Car Championship driver Tom Coronel.
In January 2009 Tim and Tom Coronel competed in the Dakar Rally in a Bowler Nemesis.He competed again in the 2010 and 2011 Dakar rally in a McRae Buggy. Tim had previously competed in 2007.
! Year | ! Team | ! Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ! Position | ! Points | ||||||||||||
! rowspan=2 | SUNRED Engineering | ! rowspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | NC | 0 | ||||||||||||
! rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | NC | 0 | |||||||||||||
Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch Jews Category:Dutch racecar drivers Category:Jewish racecar drivers Category:German Formula Three Championship drivers Category:World Touring Car Championship drivers Category:SEAT León Eurocup drivers Category:People from Naarden Category:Sephardi Jews
hu:Tim Coronel nl:Tim CoronelThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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