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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union, ending slavery, and rededicating the nation to nationalism, equal rights, liberty and democracy. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, he was mostly self-educated and became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband, and father of four children.
http://wn.com/Abraham_Lincoln -
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson (c. 1560/70s – 1611?) was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century. After several voyages on behalf of English merchants to explore a prospective Northeast Passage to India, Hudson explored the region around modern New York City while looking for a western route to Asia under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company. He explored the river which eventually was named for him, and laid thereby the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region.
http://wn.com/Henry_Hudson -
indigenous peoples
http://wn.com/indigenous_peoples -
John Franklin
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin KCH FRGS RN (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer who mapped almost two thirds of the northern coastline of North America. Franklin also served as governor of Tasmania for several years. In his last expedition, he disappeared while attempting to chart and navigate a section of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. The entire crew perished from starvation, hypothermia, tuberculosis, lead poisoning, scurvy and exposure before and after Franklin died and the expedition's icebound ships were abandoned in desperation.
http://wn.com/John_Franklin -
Martin Frobisher
Sir Martin Frobisher (c. 1535 or 1539 – 15 November 1594) was an English seaman who made three voyages to the New World to look for the Northwest Passage. All landed in northeastern Canada, around today's Resolution Island and Frobisher Bay. On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 tons of it home on three ships, where initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.1 per ton. Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carted 1,350 tons of the ore back where, after years of smelting, it was realized that both that batch of ore and the earlier one he had taken were worthless. As an English privateer/pirate, he collected riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588.
http://wn.com/Martin_Frobisher -
Pilgrim
:In the United States the word "Pilgrims" usually refers to the English settlers of New England, who celebrated the "First Thanksgiving" with the Native Americans in 1621.
http://wn.com/Pilgrim -
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain (ca. 1567 or 1580 – December 25, 1635) ( ), "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat and chronicler, who founded Quebec City on July 3, 1608.
http://wn.com/Samuel_de_Champlain -
Spanish people
Spanish people or Spaniards constitute the European nation and ethnic group native of Spain, in the Iberian Peninsula, which forms the southwest of Europe. The Spanish nationality is in essence made up of regional nationalities, reflecting the complex history of Spain. Spain, in its current boundaries, was formed out of a number of predecessor kingdoms in the late 15th century as a result of the Reconquista and the War of the Castilian Succession.
http://wn.com/Spanish_people -
Wampanoag people
The Wampanoag (; Wôpanâak in the Wampanoag language; alternate spellings Wompanoag or Wampanig) are a Native American nation which currently consists of five tribes.
http://wn.com/Wampanoag_people -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I
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Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
http://wn.com/Canadian_Parliament -
Leiden ()(in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Its number of inhabitants is about 118,000. The single urban area it forms together with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, has a number of about 254,000 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the Old Rhine, in a distance of some 20 kilometers from The Hague in its South and some 40 kilometers from Amsterdam in its North. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.
http://wn.com/Leiden -
Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2008 Census, the nation is home to 3,476,608 people and covers .
http://wn.com/Liberia -
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of 6.6 million lives in the Boston metropolitan area. The eastern half of the state consists of urban, suburban, and rural areas, while Western Massachusetts is mostly rural. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and ranks third among U.S. states in GDP per capita.
http://wn.com/Massachusetts -
New Brunswick (; ) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province (English and French) in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton, while Saint John is the most populous city. Statistics Canada estimates the provincial population in 2009 to be 750,457; a majority are English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin.
http://wn.com/New_Brunswick -
Norfolk Island (Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen ) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's external territories.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Island -
Nova Scotia (pronounced ; ) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in Canada with an area of . As of 2009, the population is 940,397, which makes Nova Scotia the second-most-densely populated province.
http://wn.com/Nova_Scotia -
Oktoberfest is a 16-18 day festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, running from late September to the first weekend in October. It is one of the most famous events in Germany and the world's largest fair, with more than 5 million people attending every year. The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations, modelled after the Munich event.
http://wn.com/Oktoberfest -
The Pieterskerk is a late-Gothic church in Leiden dedicated to Saint Peter. It is best known today as the church of the Pilgrim Fathers where John Robinson was buried.
http://wn.com/Pieterskerk_Leiden -
Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; , Scottish Gaelic: ''Eilean a' Phrionnsa'') is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population (excluding the territories). The island has a few other names: "Garden of the Gulf" referring to the pastoral scenery and lush agricultural lands throughout the province; and "Birthplace of Confederation", referring to the Charlottetown Conference in 1864, although PEI did not join the confederation itself until 1873 when it became the seventh Canadian province.
http://wn.com/Prince_Edward_Island -
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
- American Revolution
- Berkeley Hundred
- Canada
- Canadian French
- Canadian Parliament
- charter
- Columbus Day
- Franksgiving
- God
- Gothic architecture
- gratitude
- harvest
- Henry Hudson
- holiday
- indigenous peoples
- John Franklin
- Leiden
- Liberia
- Martin Frobisher
- Massachusetts
- New Brunswick
- New France
- New World
- Norfolk Island
- Northwest Passage
- Nova Scotia
- Oktoberfest
- Order of Good Cheer
- Pieterskerk, Leiden
- Pilgrim
- Postmedia News
- Prince Edward Island
- Public holiday
- Remembrance Day
- Robyn Gioia
- Samuel de Champlain
- Secularity
- September 8
- siege of Leiden
- Spanish people
- United States
- Virginia Colony
- Wampanoag people
- whaling
- World War I
- World War II
Thanksgiving
Releases by album:
Welcome Nowhere |
Cave Days and Moments |
Thanksgiving |
Welcome Nowhere |
Nothing |
We Could Be Each Other's Evidence |
The River |
Album releases
Welcome Nowhere
(Released 2007)
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Welcome
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Just Ice
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Rich (Homeless)
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Don't Be Afraid
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Marriage
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Born 2 B Wild
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Nowhere
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Years (Seasons)
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Home Alone
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Home Alone 2
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Years (Seasons) 2
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No One's Dancing
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Judges
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Weeping
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Waterfalls
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Auntarctica
Cave Days and Moments
(Released 2006)
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Days of Hiding
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Come on New World
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Leave Me Alone
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You Will Find Me
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Caves
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Holy Dawns of Spring
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Days
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(Fleeting) Moments
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(Flickering) Candles
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(You Belong to the) Blood
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The Old Graveyard
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We'll Die
Thanksgiving
(Released 2005)
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Essences
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Around the World
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Thanksgiving
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Fuck the World
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Welcome Home Human
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Dead Deer & Other Animals
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In the Woods
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Will You Bear My Dream?
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You Don't Know Me
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Thanksgiving
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I Am Yours
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The "In the Redwoods"
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Remembering
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I Know Who You Are
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I Am Yours (Radio Version)
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Welcome Nowhere
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Stay In Spring Field
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You Say "We're Alone"
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What Do You Want Now Human
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Building My House
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Black Paintings
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Oregon
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New Morning
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Old Only to Be New Again
Welcome Nowhere
(Released 2004)
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Welcome
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Just Ice
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Money
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Don't Be Afraid
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Get Married
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Nowhere
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Hoo Hoo I Am, Wildly
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Years (Seasons)
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Home Alone, Parts 1 And 2
Nothing
(Released 2003)
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Some Lightning
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Nothing
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Off With Yr Hats
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Rose Hips
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Be Finished
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The Mark of the Good Things That Pass
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My Senses Ends
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The Last One Living
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Whose Voice Had Called
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The Closer That I Come
We Could Be Each Other's Evidence
(Released 2002)
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Before You Died
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Comets
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Bullseyes
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Feel Like You
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River Way
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Water
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Cotton Belt
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We Can Be Bad
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Bring Me Under
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Continents
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Family Shield
The River
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The River
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Me and You, Part 1
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Ah, Oh
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Storyteller
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Look at Yourself
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Ageism
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The Night in Gales
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Me and You, Part 2
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Responsibility
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Oh Well
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Published: 27 Jan 2008
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: billycompany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Published: 20 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: equivocaly
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Published: 27 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: corkdorkdan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:57
- Published: 18 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 11 Nov 2011
- Author: GarfieldSpecials2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 23 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: EpicMealTime
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Published: 12 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: tomcroghan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Published: 11 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: MentalLapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Published: 18 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: SuperAwesomeKoolGuy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 23 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: jstherapeutic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Published: 13 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 08 Nov 2011
- Author: blamesocietyfilms
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Published: 13 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: oscardelrio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Published: 02 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: Slalomskiier35
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Published: 09 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: HungryNation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:27
- Published: 25 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: famouspictures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 06 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: CrappyHolidays
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Published: 06 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Nov 2011
- Author: williamburroughsVEVO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 20 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: JenniferESL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Published: 07 May 2009
- Uploaded: 11 Nov 2011
- Author: arribaradio
size: 5.4Kb
size: 0.6Kb
size: 1.6Kb
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Forget Embassy Wars, the Real War Is Over Memory
WorldNews.com
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Iran files complaint over purported US drone
Al Jazeera
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Iraq: A war of muddled goals, painful sacrifice
Springfield News-Sun
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Russians stage mass protests against Putin, polls
The Star
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Defense Authorization Act Will Destroy The Bill Of Rights
WorldNews.com
- Abraham Lincoln
- American Revolution
- Berkeley Hundred
- Canada
- Canadian French
- Canadian Parliament
- charter
- Columbus Day
- Franksgiving
- God
- Gothic architecture
- gratitude
- harvest
- Henry Hudson
- holiday
- indigenous peoples
- John Franklin
- Leiden
- Liberia
- Martin Frobisher
- Massachusetts
- New Brunswick
- New France
- New World
- Norfolk Island
- Northwest Passage
- Nova Scotia
- Oktoberfest
- Order of Good Cheer
- Pieterskerk, Leiden
- Pilgrim
- Postmedia News
- Prince Edward Island
- Public holiday
- Remembrance Day
- Robyn Gioia
- Samuel de Champlain
- Secularity
- September 8
- siege of Leiden
- Spanish people
- United States
- Virginia Colony
- Wampanoag people
- whaling
- World War I
- World War II
size: 4.8Kb
size: 7.2Kb
size: 2.9Kb
size: 0.6Kb
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Holiday name | Thanksgiving Day |
---|---|
Observedby | |
Date | 2nd Monday in October (Canada)1st Thursday in November (Liberia)Last Wednesday in November (Norfolk Island)4th Thursday in November (USA and Leiden, Netherlands) |
Type | Cultural |
Longtype | National, cultural |
Date | October }} |
Thanksgiving Day is a holiday celebrated primarily in the United States and Canada. Traditionally, it has been a time to give thanks to God, friends, and family.
Currently, in Canada, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October and in the United States, it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. Thanksgiving in Canada falls on the same day as Columbus Day in the United States.
History
Thanksgiving in North America had originated from a mix of European and Native traditions. Typically in Europe, festivals were held before and after the harvest cycles to give thanks for a good harvest, to rejoice together after much hard work with the rest of the community. At the time, Native Americans had also celebrated the end of a harvest season. When Europeans first arrived to the Americas, they brought with them their own harvest festival traditions from Europe, celebrating their safe voyage, peace and good harvest. Though the origins of the holiday in both Canada and the United States are similar, Americans do not typically celebrate the contributions made in Newfoundland, while Canadians do not celebrate the contributions made in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
In Canada
The origins of the first Thanksgiving in Canada goes back to an explorer, Martin Frobisher, who had been trying to find a northern passage to the Pacific Ocean. Frobisher's Thanksgiving celebration was not for harvest, but for homecoming. He had safely returned from an unsuccessful search for the Northwest Passage, avoiding the later fate of Henry Hudson and Sir John Franklin. In the year 1578, Frobisher held a formal ceremony in Newfoundland to give thanks for surviving the long journey. Years later, the tradition of a feast would continue as more settlers began to arrive to the Canadian colonies.
The origins of Canadian Thanksgiving can also be traced to the French settlers who came to New France with explorer Samuel de Champlain in the early 17th century, who also took to celebrating their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, even sharing their food with the indigenous peoples of the area. Champlain had also proposed for the creation of the Order of Good Cheer in 1606.
As many more settlers arrived in Canada, more celebrations of good harvest became common. New immigrants into the country, such as the Irish, Scottish and Germans, would also add their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the U.S. aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada.
In the United States
In the United States, the modern Thanksgiving holiday tradition traces its origins to a 1621 celebration at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts. There is also evidence for an earlier harvest celebration on the continent by Spanish explorers in Florida during 1565, as well as thanksgiving feasts in the Virginia Colony. The initial thanksgiving observance at Virginia in 1619 was prompted by the colonists' leaders on the anniversary of the settlement. The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest. In later years, the tradition was continued by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford who planned a thanksgiving celebration and fast in 1623. While initially, the Plymouth colony did not have enough food to feed half of the 102 colonists, the Wampanoag Native Americans helped the Pilgrims by providing seeds and teaching them to fish. The practice of holding an annual harvest festival like this however, did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s.According to historian Jeremy Bangs, director of the Leiden American Pilgrim Museum, the Pilgrims may have been influenced by watching the annual services of Thanksgiving for the relief of the siege of Leiden in 1574, while they were staying in Leiden.
Contending origins
The claim of where the first Thanksgiving was held in the United States, and even the Americas has often been a subject of debate. Author and teacher Robyn Gioia and Michael Gannon, of the University of Florida, have argued that the earliest attested "Thanksgiving" celebration in what is now the United States was celebrated by the Spanish on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida.Similarly, many historians point out that the first thanksgiving celebration in the United States was held in Virginia, and not in Plymouth. Thanksgiving services were routine in what was to become the state of Virginia as early as 1607. A day of Thanksgiving was codified in the founding charter of Berkeley Hundred in Charles City County, Virginia in 1619.
Fixing the date of the holiday
The reason for the earlier Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada has often been attributed to the earlier onset of winter in the north, thus ending the harvest season earlier. Thanksgiving in Canada did not have a fixed date until the late 19th century. Prior to Canadian confederation, many of the individual colonial governors of the Canadian provinces had declared their own days of Thanksgiving. The first official Canadian Thanksgiving occurred on April 15, 1872 when the nation was celebrating the Prince of Wales' recovery from a serious illness. By the end 19th Century, Thanksgiving Day was normally celebrated on November 6. However, when World War I ended, the Armistice Day holiday were usually held during the same week. To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October.Thanksgiving in the United States was observed on various dates throughout history. The first Thanksgiving which was celebrated on a fixed day was in 1863, in an effort by President Abraham Lincoln to foster a sense of American unity between the Northern and Southern states. By the middle of the 20th century, the final Thursday in November had become the customary day of Thanksgiving in most U.S. states. It was not until December 26, 1941, however, that President Franklin D. Roosevelt, after pushing two years earlier to move the date earlier to give the country an economic boost, signed a bill into law with Congress, making Thanksgiving a national holiday and settling it to the fourth (but not final) Thursday in November.
Observance around the world
Canada
Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day (Canadian French: Jour de l'Action de grâce), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian holiday to give thanks at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references God and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a secular manner. Thanksgiving is a statutory holiday in all provinces in Canada, except for Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless, recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.
Germany
Erntedankfest (English: "harvest festival of thanks") is the German equivalent of Thanksgiving. It is primarily a religious holiday held during the first Sunday in October, but its celebration coincides with the closing day of Oktoberfest, the world-famous Bavarian beer festival. This crossover has been observed in Canada as well; see, for instance, Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest, which culminates with a Thanksgiving parade.
Liberia
In the West African country of Liberia, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the first Thursday of November.
The Netherlands
Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the Plymouth Plantation had resided in the city of Leiden from 1609–1620, many of whom had recorded their birth, marriages and deaths at the Pieterskerk. To commemorate this, a non-denominational Thanksgiving Day service is held each year on the morning of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a Gothic church in Leiden, to commemorate the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their way to the New World.
Norfolk Island
In the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre-World War II American observance on the last Thursday of the month. This means the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or six days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships.
United States
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day, currently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, has been an annual tradition in the United States since 1863. Historically, Thanksgiving began as a tradition of celebrating the harvest of the year.
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Agriculture in society Category:Autumn festivals Category:Autumn holidays Category:Christian holidays Category:Meals Thanksgiving
af:Thanksgiving ar:عيد الشكر bg:Ден на благодарността ca:Dia d'acció de gràcies cs:Den díkůvzdání da:Thanksgiving pdc:Betdaag de:Thanksgiving et:Tänupüha el:Ημέρα των Ευχαριστιών es:Día de Acción de Gracias eo:Danktago fa:روز شکرگزاری fr:Action de grâce (Thanksgiving) gl:Día de Acción de Grazas ko:추수감사절 hi:थैंक्सगिविंग id:Hari Pengucapan Syukur it:Giorno del ringraziamento he:חג ההודיה jv:Dinten Pamuji Sukur ka:მადლიერების დღე la:Festum Gratias Agendi lv:Pateicības diena lt:Padėkos diena lmo:Thanksgiving hu:Hálaadás mt:Jum ir-Ringrazzjament mr:थँक्सगिव्हिंग ms:Hari Kesyukuran nl:Thanksgiving Day ja:感謝祭 no:Thanksgiving pl:Dzień Dziękczynienia pt:Ação de Graças ro:Ziua Recunoștinței ru:День благодарения simple:Thanksgiving sk:Deň vďakyvzdania sr:Дан захвалности fi:Kiitospäivä sv:Thanksgiving tl:Araw ng Pasasalamat ta:நன்றி தெரிவித்தல் நாள் te:థాంక్స్ గివింగ్ th:วันขอบคุณพระเจ้า tr:Şükran Günü uk:День подяки vi:Lễ Tạ ơn zh-yue:感恩節 zh:感恩节This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.