Type | Solid-state memory |
---|---|
Encoding | NTSC, PAL, High-definition video |
Owner | Sony |
Use | Video production |
XDCAM is a a series of products for digital recording using random access solid-state memory media, introduced by Sony in 2003. Four different product lines — the XDCAM SD, XDCAM HD, XDCAM EX and XDCAM HD422 — differ in types of encoder used, frame size, container type and in recording media.
None of the later products have made earlier product lines obsolete. Sony maintains that different formats within XDCAM family have been designed to meet different applications and budget constraints.
The XDCAM range includes cameras and decks which act as drop-in replacements for traditional VTRs allowing XDCAM discs to be used within a traditional video tape-based workflow. These decks can also serve as random access computer hard drives for easy import of the video data files into non-linear editing systems (NLE) via FireWire (IEEE 1394) and Ethernet.
In September 2008, JVC announced its alliance with Sony to support the XDCAM EX format.
In August 2009, Convergent Design began shipping the nanoFlash Portable Recorder, which uses the Sony XDCAM HD422 codec.
Video is recorded with DV, MPEG-2 Part 2 or MPEG-4 compression schemes. DV is used for standard definition video, MPEG-2 is used both for standard and high definition video, while MPEG-4 is used for proxy video.
Audio is recorded in uncompressed PCM form for all formats except proxy video, which uses A-Law compression.
Equipment that uses Professional Disc as recording media employs MXF container to store digital audio/digital video streams. Tapeless camcorders that record onto solid-state memory cards, use MP4 container for high definition audio/video, and DV-AVI container for DV video. JVC camcorders that use XDCAM EX recording format, are also capable of recording into QuickTime container besides using MP4 container.
DVCAM uses standard DV encoding, which runs at 25 Mbit/s, and is compatible with most editing systems. Some camcorders that allow DVCAM recording can record progressive-scan video.
MPEG HD is used in all product lines except for XDCAM SD. This format supports multiple frame sizes, frame rates, scanning types and quality modes. Depending on product line or a particular model, not all modes of this format may be available.
MPEG HD422 doubles the chroma-resolution compared to the previous generations of high-definition video XDCAM formats. To accommodate the improved chroma detail, video bitrate has been increased to 50 Mbit/s. This format is used only in XDCAM HD422 products.
Proxy AV is used to record low resolution proxy videos. This format employs MPEG-4 video encoding at 1.5 Mbit/s (CIF resolution) with 64 kbit/s (8 kHz A-law, ISDN Quality) for each audio channel.
+XDCAM formats | |||||||||||
style="text-align:left;" | Format name |
|
|||||||||
MXF, DV-AVI | rowspan="2">DV| | 8 | 4:2:0 | 720x576 | 25i, 25p | 25 (CBR) | PCM 4 ch/16 bit/48 kHz | ||||
4:1:1 | 720x480 |
|
|||||||||
rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | MPEG IMX | rowspan="2"MXF || | MPEG-2 422P@ML | 8 | 4:2:2 | 720x576 | 25i, 25p | 30 (CBR), 40 (CBR), 50(CBR) | PCM 8 ch/16 bit/48 kHz, < | or 4 ch/24 bit/48 kHz | |
720x480 | 29.97i, 29.97p, 23.98p |
|
|||||||||
rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | MPEG HD | rowspan="3">MXF,MP4| | MPEG-2 MP@H14/HL | 8 | 4:2:0 | 1920x1080 | 29.97i, 25i, 29.97p, 25p, 23.98p | 35 (VBR) | PCM 4 ch/16 bit/48 kHz | ||
1440x1080 | 29.97i, 29.97p, 23.98p (pulldown), 25p | ||||||||||
1280x720 | 59.94p, 29.97p, 23.98p, 50p, 25p |
|
|||||||||
rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | MPEG HD422 | rowspan="2"MXF || | MPEG-2 422P@HL | 8 | 4:2:2 | 1920x1080 | 29.97i, 25i, 29.97p, 25p, 23.98p | 50 (CBR) | PCM 8 ch/16 bit/48 kHz, or 4 ch/24 bit/48 kHz | ||
1280x720 | 59.94p, 50p, 23.98p (pulldown) |
|
|||||||||
style="text-align:left;" | Proxy AV | ?| | MPEG-4 Part-2 (ASP) | 8 | 4:2:0 | CIF (50i - 352x288) | ? | 1.5 | A-Law 4 ch/8 bit/8 kHz |
|
Essentially the Professional Disc format was deemed to be a suitable, cost effective and easy step forward. The discs are reliable and robust, suitable for field work (something which has previously been a problem with many disc-based systems). Additionally, the cost of media is comparable to existing professional formats.
In December 2009, Sony introduced the more affordable SxS-1. This unit is designed to have the same performance as the SxS Pro card however its life expectancy is shorter at an estimated 5 years of life when used every day to the card's full capacity.
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