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A. D. Loganathan
Major General A.D Loganthan (12 April 1888-9 March 1949) was an officer of the Indian National Army and a minister in the Azad Hind Government as a representative of the INA who also served briefly as the Azad Hind Governor for the Andaman islands.
http://wn.com/A_D_Loganathan -
Ba Maw
Dr. Ba Maw (, ; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977) was a Burmese political leader, active during the interwar and World War II period.
http://wn.com/Ba_Maw -
Clement Attlee
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC, FRS (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, and as the Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was also the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister, under Winston Churchill in the wartime coalition government, before leading the Labour Party to a landslide election victory over Churchill's Conservative Party in 1945. He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term, and the first to command a Labour majority in Parliament.
http://wn.com/Clement_Attlee -
Gandhi
http://wn.com/Gandhi -
Hideki Tojo
http://wn.com/Hideki_Tojo -
J. Thivy
http://wn.com/J_Thivy -
José P. Laurel
José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was the president of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.
http://wn.com/José_P_Laurel -
Karim Ghani
Karim Ghani was born in Sodugudi, Ilayangudi, a politician in South-East Asia of Indian origin Karim Ghani. Before the Second World War Karim Ghani was a parliamentary secretary in Burma under Dr. Ba Maw. During World War II, Ghani came to be the Minister FOR STATE IN Subhas Bose's Azad Hind government and was in Malaya. He was also the manager of "The Muslim Publishing House", the editor of the Malayasian Tamil daily Malayan Nanban, as well as the editor of the Malay edition Dawn, under the name Sinaran. Ghani was involved also involved with the Muslim League and was the president of the All Malaya Muslim Missionary Society (AMMMS) and an official in several other organizations. After the end pf World War II, Ghani was involved in South-East Asian Muslim politics, most notably being involved in the Maria Hertogh riots in Singapore in 1950.
http://wn.com/Karim_Ghani -
Lakshmi Sehgal
http://wn.com/Lakshmi_Sehgal -
Lakshmi Swaminathan
http://wn.com/Lakshmi_Swaminathan -
Lt Col Loganathan
http://wn.com/Lt_Col_Loganathan -
Rash Behari Bose
Rashbehari Bose ( Rashbihari Boshu) (May 25, 1886–January 21, 1945) was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar conspiracy and later, the Indian National Army.
http://wn.com/Rash_Behari_Bose -
S A Ayer
http://wn.com/S_A_Ayer -
S. A. Ayer
Subbier Appadurai Ayer (1898- ) was the Minister for Publicity and Propaganda in Subhas Chandra Bose's Azad Hind Government between 1943 and 1945, and later a key defence witness during the first of the INA trials.
http://wn.com/S_A_Ayer -
Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose () was born 23 January 1897; and presumed to have died 18 August 1945, although this is disputed, popularly known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"), was one of the most prominent leaders in the Indian independence movement and a legendary figure in india today.
http://wn.com/Subhas_Chandra_Bose -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Wan Waithayakon
Wan Waithayakon (full title: 'His Royal Highness Prince Vanna Vaidhayakara, the Prince Naradhip Bhongseprabhan'), known in the West as Wan Waithayakon (1891-1976), was a Thai diplomat. He was elected President of the Eleventh Session of the United Nations General Assembly, while serving as Thailand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was a grandson of King Mongkut.
http://wn.com/Wan_Waithayakon -
Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei (traditional Chinese: 汪精衛; simplified Chinese: 汪精卫; pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi; Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei) (May 4, 1883 – November 10, 1944), alternate name Wang Zhaoming (traditional Chinese: 汪兆銘), was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), but he was staunchly anti-Communist, and his politics veered sharply to the right later in his career. A close associate of Sun Yat-sen, Wang is most noted for disagreements with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and his formation of a Japanese-supported collaborationist government in Nanjing. For this role he has often been labeled as a Hanjian. His name in China is also now a term used to refer to a traitor, similar to "Benedict Arnold" for Americans or "Quisling" for Norwegians.
http://wn.com/Wang_Jingwei -
Zhang Jinghui
Zhang Jinghui; Simplified Chinese: (张景惠) or Wade-Giles: Chang Ching-hui, (Traditional Chinese: 張景惠; 1871 – 1 November 1959) was a Chinese general and politician during the Warlord Era. He is noted for his role in the establishment the Japanese puppet regime of Manchukuo and served as its second and last Prime Minister.
http://wn.com/Zhang_Jinghui -
Éamon de Valera
Éamon de Valera () (born George De Valero; 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. His political career spanned over half a century, from 1917 to 1973; he served multiple terms as head of government and head of state, and is credited with a leading role in the authorship of the present-day Constitution of Ireland.
http://wn.com/Éamon_de_Valera
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Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
http://wn.com/Burma -
Cellular Jail
The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi: काला पानी क़ैद ख़ाना, literally 'black water', in the sense of deep sea and hence exile), was a colonial prison situated in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable freedom fighters such as Batukeshwar Dutt and Veer Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.
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Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
http://wn.com/Delhi -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Imphal
Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur.
http://wn.com/Imphal -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Kohima
Kohima () is the hilly capital of India's north eastern border state of Nagaland which shares its borders with Burma. It lies in Kohima District and is also one of the three Nagaland towns with Municipal council status along with Dimapur and Mokokchung.
http://wn.com/Kohima -
Manipur
Manipur ( ) is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Myanmar to the east. It covers an area of .
http://wn.com/Manipur -
Nagaland
Nagaland is a state located in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur. With a population of nearly two million people, it has a total area of 16,579 km² (6,401 sq mi)—making it one of the smallest states of India.
http://wn.com/Nagaland -
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
http://wn.com/Nazi_Germany -
Pacific
http://wn.com/Pacific -
Port Blair
Port Blair (, , ) is the largest town and a municipal council in Andaman district in the Andaman Islands and the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India. It lies on the east coast of South Andaman Island and is the main entry point to the islands.
http://wn.com/Port_Blair -
Rangoon
http://wn.com/Rangoon -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Tokyo
, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
http://wn.com/Tokyo -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
- 1945
- A. D. Loganathan
- A. M. Sahay
- Air force
- Allied Publishers
- Axis powers
- Ba Maw
- battle of Imphal
- bombing
- British India
- British Raj
- Burma
- Burma Campaign
- Cellular Jail
- Clement Attlee
- dacoit
- Delhi
- Empire of Japan
- fascism
- Gandhi
- Germany
- government-in-exile
- Head of State
- Hideki Tojo
- Hindi-Urdu
- hypocritical
- imperialism
- Imphal
- India
- Indian National Army
- Indian Rupee
- J. Thivy
- José P. Laurel
- Karim Ghani
- Kohima
- Lakshmi Sehgal
- Lakshmi Swaminathan
- Lt Col Loganathan
- Lt Col M Z Kiani
- M.Z. Kiani
- Manchukuo
- Manipur
- Moirang
- Nagaland
- naval
- Nazi Germany
- Pacific
- Port Blair
- President of Ireland
- prisoners of war
- prosecution
- Rangoon
- Rash Behari Bose
- Russia
- S A Ayer
- S. A. Ayer
- Second World War
- Silchar
- Singapore
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- Soviet Union
- State of Burma
- Subh Sukh Chain
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- suicide
- Taiwan
- Thailand
- Tokyo
- totalitarian
- United States
- Vichy France
- Wan Waithayakon
- Wang Jingwei
- Wilhelm Keppler
- World War II Allies
- Zhang Jinghui
- Éamon de Valera
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Masuri_Sun Arz Ve Saian_Version 1.0
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Published: 15 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 07 Nov 2011
- Author: cherishsmartboy
A Sufi Song by Amir Jamal
http://wn.com/Masuri_Sun_Arz_Ve_Saian_Version_10
Muslim Ko Taslim Arz Hai - Mehmood, Manna Dey, Do Kaliyan Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 17 Jan 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Oct 2011
- Author: UltraHindi
Song from movie Do Kaliyan (1968) starring, Bishwajeet, Mala Sinha, Lalita Pawar, Mehmood, Om Prakash, Baby Neetu Singh, Sonia Director: Krishnan & Panju Music Director: Ravi. Singer: Manna Dey.
http://wn.com/Muslim_Ko_Taslim_Arz_Hai__Mehmood,_Manna_Dey,_Do_Kaliyan_Song
Dabke - Baddik Baddik - Firkat Al Arz
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Published: 29 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 24 Nov 2011
- Author: libanes1978
..
http://wn.com/Dabke__Baddik_Baddik__Firkat_Al_Arz
Dabbe'tul Arz
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Published: 05 May 2007
- Uploaded: 30 Jul 2011
- Author: matthias21chevalier
Dabbe'tul Arz
http://wn.com/Dabbe'tul_Arz
Arz Kiya Hai-Dar el Salaam to Toronto (Funny Song)
This is dedicated to all those are from Tanzania to Toronto & Dar Es Salaam to Canada. Heart is crying with joy, when your Buddy is coming back to your town from CanadaUSAPardes. Song is based on 'Ghar Aya Mera Pardesi' tune.
http://wn.com/Arz_Kiya_Hai-Dar_el_Salaam_to_Toronto_Funny_Song
Persian Poetry from Ramooz-e-Bekhudi - Arz-e-haal-e-musanaf Bahazoor REHMATAL LILAALEMEEN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:33
- Published: 27 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 21 Nov 2011
- Author: tauseefamin
رموزِ بیخودی (اقبال) عرض حال مصنف بحضور رحمة للعالمین The authors memorial to Him who is a mercy to all living beings O THOU, whose manifesting was the youth Of strenuous life, whose bright epiphany Told the interpretation of liefs dreams, Earth attained honour, having held thy court, And heaven glory, having kissed thy roof. Thy face illumes the six-directioned world; Turk, Tajik, Arab all thy servants are. Whatever things have being, find in thee True exaltation, and thy poverty Is their abundant riches. In this world Thou litst the lamp of life, as thou didst teach Gods servitors a godly mastery. Without thee, whatsoever form indwelt This habitat of water and of clay Was put to shame in utter bankruptcy; Till, when thy breath drew fire from the cold dust And Adam made of earths dead particles, Each atom caught the skirts of sun and moon, Suddenly conscious of its inward strength. Since first my gaze alighted on thy face Dearer than father and dear mother thou Art grown to me. Thy love hath lit a flame Within my heart; ah, let it work at ease. For all my spirit is consumed in me, And my sole chattel is a reed like sigh, The lantern flickering in my ruined house. It is not possible not to declare This hidden grief; it is not possible To veil the wine in the translucent cup. But now the Muslim is estranged a new Unto the Prophets secret; now once more Gods sanctuary is an idols shrine; Manat and Lat, Hubal and Uzzae/ach118 Carries an idol to his bosom clasped; Our sheikh <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Persian_Poetry_from_Ramooz-e-Bekhudi__Arz-e-haal-e-musanaf_Bahazoor_REHMATAL_LILAALEMEEN
Dhee Di Arz (Shan E Sikhi)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 24 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 11 Aug 2011
- Author: bikramjeetcheema
The Album Shan E Sikhi is an effort to awaken the Sikhs all around the world about the historical events and the problems it is facing in modern times. This one is on female foeticide. This is by Khalsa Sisters . Lyrics By: Jagtar Singh Cheema (Kokri Vehniwal (Moga)) Contact: 9855356225
http://wn.com/Dhee_Di_Arz_Shan_E_Sikhi
Asad Amant Ali sings Ghalib -Arz-e-nayaz-e-ishaq ke qabil nahi raha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 20 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 22 Sep 2011
- Author: tauseefqau
Asad Amanat Ali Khan was born in Lahore, Pakistan. His great-grandfather, Ali Baksh Khan, was the founder of the Patiala Gharana. His grandfather, Akhtar Hussain, was a prominent musician of his time who added to his repute by coaching two of his sons into becoming a formidable singing duo(Amanat Ali Khan and Fateh Ali Khan). Amanat Ali Khan, Asad's father, died in 1974. Asad's younger brother Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan is a popular pop singer When he was 10 years old Asad recorded his first song, which featured on his grandfathers debut album. He had also been interested in academics and often said if not a singer, he would love to be a pilot. He joined a private institution however and began singing professionally after completing his FA He started his musical career performing "Thumri" and then went on to record some of his most popular Punjabi numbers and Ghazals, such as "Umra Lagian", "Zara Zara", "Kal Chaudwin Ki Raat", and "Ghar Wapas Jab". One of the songs that featured in almost every concert he performed, arguably his biggest hit, was "Insha Ji Utho" (Originally sung by his father). Asad worked for Pakistan Television for several years. Nisar Bazmi, composer and PTV producer, who died one week before him, gave him his first break, introducing the artist to the world on live television. He retained his affiliation with television through the years, recording over 1000 songs. Asad also contributed to the Pakistani film industry, featuring on a number of soundtracks <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Asad_Amant_Ali_sings_Ghalib_-Arz-e-nayaz-e-ishaq_ke_qabil_nahi_raha
aap par arz hai- lucky ali
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Published: 27 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 05 Nov 2011
- Author: sumitter84
lucky ali
http://wn.com/aap_par_arz_hai_lucky_ali
Khwaja Khurshid Anwar Suno Arz Meri Kamli Wale Zubeda Khanum Zehr e Ishq Naat
Stars: Musarrat Nazeer Habib Neelo Yasmeen Babboo Ismail Music Story & Screen Play: Khurshid Anwar Dialogues: Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj Lyrics: Qateel Shifai Director: masood Pervez Khwaja (Khawaja) Khurshid Anwar (21 March 1912 - 30 October 1984) was a renowned film-maker, writer, director and music composer who gained extreme popularity both in India and Pakistan. He is widely credited as being one of the most original and inventive music directors of his generation. Khwaja Khurshid Anwar (Urdu: خواجہ خورشید انور) was born on 21 March, 1912 in Mianwali (now in Pakistan) where his maternal grandfather Khan Bahadur Dr.Sheikh Atta Mohammad held the post of civil surgeon. His father Khawaja Ferozuddin Ahmad was a well-known Barrister in Lahore. The ace jurist had a love for music so much so that he had a huge collection of gramophone records of Indian classical and neo-classical music and his precocious son had an unhindered access to them all. Moreover, in the weekly soirees of music which were held in the lawyer's house, renowned masters used to perform, and it was here that the young Khurshid Anwar developed a taste for classical music. Viewing Khrshid Anwar's keen interest Khansahib Tawakkal Hussain took him under his tutleage in 1934. Khurshid Anwar was also a brilliant student at Government College, Lahore, the renowned seat of learning. Having topped in the Masters in Philosophy(1935),he appeared in the examination for Indian Civil service (ICS ) but due to his political <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Khwaja_Khurshid_Anwar_Suno_Arz_Meri_Kamli_Wale_Zubeda_Khanum_Zehr_e_Ishq_Naat
Arz Kiya Hai (ગુજરાતી ગઝલ ) Presented by Manoj 'Bekhabar'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Published: 01 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 31 Oct 2011
- Author: ManojBekhabar
Contact: manojbekhabar@yahoo.com After presenting famous Guajarati shayari from Veterans of Gujarati Ghazal Writing, this is a drop in Ocean from Rookie, Bekhabar.
http://wn.com/Arz_Kiya_Hai_ગુજરાતી_ગઝલ__Presented_by_Manoj_'Bekhabar'
Etienne Sakr (Abu Arz) Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Published: 08 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Aug 2010
- Author: sacred1976
This is the great Etienne Sakr (Abu Arz), co-founder of the Lebanese Forces and president of The Guardians of the Cedars political party. He is Lebanon's greatest leader.
http://wn.com/Etienne_Sakr_Abu_Arz_Part_1
Suno Arz Meri Kamli Wale - Zubaida Khanum
Black & White Naat by Zubaida Khanum
http://wn.com/Suno_Arz_Meri_Kamli_Wale__Zubaida_Khanum
Arz Kiya Hai-Kal chaudhavii ki rat thi. by: Debipriya Das
Popular Urdu ghazal, Shayar: Pakistani poet, Ibn-e-Insha, Debipriya Das for 'Eid Jolsha' program (Bangla TV, 2007). This version was learnt from a recording of Ghazal maestro, Ustad Ghulam Ali. Program: 'Eid Jolsha', Bangla TV (13th Oct 2007). Tabla/Host - Sandyman, Sandip Chakravarty. Artists: SNK 'Prince', Smt. Gauri Choudhury, Sri. Alaur Rahman. Courtesy: Debipriya Das My other postings at www.youtube.com . ARNEJ PRODUCTIONS Lyrics: kal chaudhavii.n kii raat thii shab bhar rahaa charchaa teraa kal chaudhavii.n kii raat thii shab bhar rahaa charchaa teraa kuchh ne kahaa ye chaa.Nd hai kuchh ne kahaa cheharaa teraa ham bhii vahii.n maujuud the ham se bhii sab puuchhaa kiye ham ha.Ns diye ham chup rahe manzuur thaa pardaa teraa is shahar me.n kis se mile.n ham se to chhuuTii mahafile.n har shaKhs teraa naam le har shaKhs diivaanaa teraa kuuche ko tere chho.D kar jogii hii ban jaaye.n magar jangal tere parbat tere bastii terii saharaa teraa ham aur rasm-e-bandagii aashuftagii uftaadagii ehasaan hai kyaa kyaa teraa ai husn-e-beparvaa teraa do ashk jaane kis liye palko.n pe aa kar Tik gaye altaaf kii baarish terii ikraam kaa dariyaa teraa ai bedaareG-o-be_amaa.N ham ne kabhii kii hai fuGaa.N ham ko terii vahashat sahii ham ko sahii saudaa teraa tuu bevafaa tuu maharabaa.N ham aur tujh se bad-gumaa.N ham ne to puuchhaa thaa zaraa ye vaqt kyuu.N Thaharaa teraa ham par ye saKhtii kii nazar ham hai.n faqiir-e-rah_guzar rastaa kabhii rokaa teraa daaman kabhii thaamaa teraa haa.N <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Arz_Kiya_Hai-Kal_chaudhavii_ki_rat_thi_by_Debipriya_Das
Suno Arz Mayri Kamli Walay (Naat) - Zubaida Khanum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Published: 06 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 31 Jul 2011
- Author: Blue4fragrance
Mujhay puray Pakistan ka tu nahi pata magar yahan meray shaher Karachi mein log is barkatoon wali raat mein bohat sawab kama rahay hain charon taraf say pathakhon ki aor dhamakon ki aawazein aarahi hain aik tofaan-e- badtamezi berpan hai aor yay sub tabaruk ka kaam Police ki naak kay aein nechay aos waqt ho ra hai jab ptakhay baichnay, khareednay aor phordnay per qanonan pabandi hai. ALLAH hum sub per raham fermaaey aor hamein naik hadayat day (Aamin) Naat Khawan : Zubaida Khanum Composer : Khawaja Khursheed Anwar Movie : Zahir-e-Ishq
http://wn.com/Suno_Arz_Mayri_Kamli_Walay_Naat__Zubaida_Khanum
Hasya Kavi Ramesh Muskan on NDTV's "ARZ KIYA HAI"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Published: 23 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Sep 2011
- Author: skumar1992
NDTV india's exclusive "ARZ KIYA HAI"...Hasya Kavi Ramesh Muskan presents a scenery after the JHAMA-JHAM varish..
http://wn.com/Hasya_Kavi_Ramesh_Muskan_on_NDTV's_ARZ_KIYA_HAI
Arz Kiya Hai-'Bewafa'-The Unfaithful
Enjoy My other postings at www.youtube.com . Kabhi To Ki Hogi Suraj Ne Chand Se Mohabbat Tabhi to Chand Main Daag Hain Shayed Ki Hogi Chand Ne Bewafai Is Liye Suraj Main Aag Hai
http://wn.com/Arz_Kiya_Hai-'Bewafa'-The_Unfaithful
Arz Kiya Hai:- Kahte Hai ~ Shayari, all about Love
Enjoy My other postings at www.youtube.com Shaayaree, or poetry, essentially comprises couplet, or Sher. The plural for Sher is Ashaar. The form ghazal is a collection of mulitiple ashaar - each of which should convey a complete thought without any reference to other shayari of the same ghazal. In fact, though belonging to the same ghazal, the different ashaar therein can have completely different meaning and tone relative to one another.
http://wn.com/Arz_Kiya_Hai_Kahte_Hai_~_Shayari,_all_about_Love
Dua - E - Arz , Supplication asking Allah for Guidance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Published: 15 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 07 Oct 2011
- Author: lostprophet786
A beautiful supplication to Allah, the Creator of the heavans and the earth, we should never allow ourselves to forget his remembrance, and we should always pray to Allah to help us the way he helped the Holy Prophets and Imams (more)
http://wn.com/Dua__E__Arz_,_Supplication_asking_Allah_for_Guidance
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: This article describes the organisation formed during World War II in Singapore. For the Provisional Government formed by Raja Mahendra Pratap during World War I, see Provisional Government of India.
Mr. S. A. Ayer - the Minister of Broadcasting and Publicity
Lt. Col. A. C. Chatterji - the Minister of Finance
Lt. Col. Aziz Ahmed
Lt. Col. N. S. Bhagat
Lt. Col. J. K. Bhonsle
Lt. Colonel Guizara Singh
Lt. Col. M.Z. Kiani
Lt. Col. A. D. Loganathan
Lt. Col. Ehsan Qadir
Lt. Col. Shahnawaz Khan
A.N. Sahay - Secretary
Karim Ghani
Debnath Das
D.M. Khan
A. Yellapa
J. Thivy
Sirdar Isher Singh
A. N. Sarkar - the government's official Legal Advisor
Freedom fighters of India
Netaji Subhas
Lecture notes on Bose
| Native name | आर्ज़ी हुक़ूमत-ए-आज़ाद हिन्द عارضی حکومتِ آزاد ہند Ārzī Hukūmat-e-Āzād Hind |
|---|---|
| Conventional long name | Provisional Government of Free India |
| Common name | India |
| Continent | Asia |
| Region | South East Asia |
| Country | India |
| Era | World War II |
| Status | Provisional government supported by Japan |
| Year start | 1943 |
| Year end | 1945 |
| Date start | 21 October |
| Date end | 18 August |
| P1 | British Raj |
| Flag p1 | British Raj Red Ensign.svg |
| S1 | British Raj |
| Flag s1 | British Raj Red Ensign.svg |
| Image coat | AzadHindFlag.png |
| Symbol | Indian National Army |
| Symbol type | Insignia |
| Image map caption | Green: Territory controlled (with Japanese assistance) Light green: Territory claimed |
| National anthem | Subh Sukh Chain |
| Capital | Port Blair (provisional) |
| Capital exile | Rangoon Singapore |
| Common languages | Hindustani |
| Government type | Provisional government |
| Title leader | Head of State |
| Leader1 | Subhas Chandra Bose |
| Year leader1 | 1943-1945 |
| Title deputy | Prime Minister |
| Deputy1 | Subhas Chandra Bose |
| Year deputy1 | 1943-1945 |
| Currency | Azad Hind Rupee |
| Footnotes | }} |
Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (, , the Provisional Government of Free India), simply Free India or Azad Hind, was an Indian provisional government established in Singapore in 1943.
It was a part of a political movement originating in the 1940s outside of India with the purpose of allying with Axis powers to free India from British Rule. Established by Indian nationalists-in-exile during the latter part of the second world war in Singapore with monetary, military and political assistance from Imperial Japan, to fight against British Rule in India. After completing the task of reorganizing the Indian Independence League and launching preparations for revolutionizing the army, and after conducting a successful campaign to mobilize the support of the Indian communities throughout Southeast Asia—a phase which lasted from July to October—Netaji turned toward formation of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Free India). This had to be done before the army could be sent for action in the battlefield. Founded on October 21, 1943, the government was inspired by the concepts of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose who was also the leader of the government and the Head of State of this Provisional Indian Government in Exile. The government proclaimed authority over Indian civilian and military personnel in Southeast Asian British colonial territory and prospective authority over Indian territory to fall to the Japanese forces and the Indian National Army during the Japanese thrust towards India during the Second World War. The government of Azad Hind had its own currency, court and civil code, and in the eyes of many Indians its existence gave a greater legitimacy to the independence struggle against the British.
However, while it possessed all the nominal requisites of a legitimate government, it lacked large and definite areas of sovereign territory until the government assumed control of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from Japan in 1943 and the occupation of parts of Manipur and Nagaland. Throughout its existence, it remained heavily dependent on Japanese support.
Immediately after the formation of the government-in-exile, Azad Hind declared war against the Anglo-American allied forces on the Indo-Burma Front. Its army, the "Azad Hind Fauj", (Indian National Army or the INA) went into action against the British Indian Army and the allied forces alongside the Imperial Japanese Army in the Imphal-Kohima sector. The INA was to make its mark in the battle of Imphal where along with the Japanese 15th Army it breached the British defences in Kohima, reaching the salient of Moirang before Allied air dominance and compromised supply lines forced both the Japanese and the INA to lift the siege.
The existence of Azad Hind was essentially coterminous with the existence of the Indian National Army. While the government itself continued until the civil administration of the Andaman Islands was returned to the jurisdiction of the British towards the end of the war, the limited power of Azad Hind was effectively ended with the surrender of the last major contingent of INA troops in Rangoon. The supposed death of Bose is seen as the end of the entire Azad Hind Movement.
The Allies at the time, as well as some post-war historians, regarded the Government as a puppet state. The government was not recognised by Allied governments or Vichy France. Some other historians contend that the Azad Hind was a free and independent government.
The legacy of Azad Hind is, however, open to judgment. After the war, the Raj observed with alarm the transformation of the perception of Azad Hind from traitors and collaborators to "the greatest among the patriots". Given the tide of militant nationalism that swept through India and the resentment and revolts it inspired, it is arguable that its overarching aim: to germinate public resentment and revolts within the Indian forces of the British Indian Army to overthrow the Raj was ultimately successful.
Establishment
The direct origins of Azad Hind can be linked to two conferences of Indian expatriates from across Southeast Asia, the first of which was held in Tokyo in March of 1942. At this conference, convened by Rash Behari Bose, an Indian expatriate living in Japan, the Indian Independence League was established as the first move towards an independent Indian state politically aligned with the Empire of Japan. Rash also moved to create a sort of liberation army that would assist in driving the British from India - this force would later become the Indian National Army. The second conference, held later that year in Bangkok, invited Subhas Chandra Bose to participate in the leadership of the League. Bose was living in Germany at the time and made the trip to Japan via submarine.Rash Behari Bose, who was already aging by the time the League was founded, struggled to keep the League organized and failed to secure resources for the establishment of the Indian National Army. He was replaced as president of the Indian Independence League by Subhas Chandra Bose; there is some controversy as to whether he stepped down of his own volition or by pressure from the Japanese who needed a more energetic and focused presence leading the Indian nationalists.
Bose arrived in Tokyo on June 13, 1943, and declared his intent to make an assault against the eastern provinces of India in an attempt to oust the British from control of the subcontinent. Bose arrived in Singapore on July 2, and in October 1943 formally announced the establishment of the Provisional Government of Free India. In defining the tasks of this new political establishment, Subhas declared: “It will be the task of the Provisional Government to launch and conduct the struggle that will bring about the expulsion of the British and their allies from the soil of India.” Bose, taking formal command of the demoralized and undermanned Indian National Army from Rash Bose, turned it into a professional army with the help of the Japanese. He recruited Indian civilians living in Japanese-occupied territories of South-east Asia, and incorporated vast numbers of Indian POWs from British forces in Singapore, Malaya and Hong Kong to man the brigades of the INA.
Ministers
The Provisional Government of Free India consisted of a Cabinet headed by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose as the Head of the State, The Prime Minister and the Minister for War and Foreign Affairs.
Captain Doctor Lakshmi Swaminathan (later married as Lakshmi Sehgal) was the Minister in Charge of Women's Organization. She held this position over and above her command of the Rani Jhansi Regiment, a brigade of women soldiers fighting for the Indian National Army. For a regular Asian army, this women's regiment was quite visionary; it was the first of its kind established on the continent. Dr. Lakshmi was one of the most popular and prosperous gynaecologists in Singapore before she gave up her fabulous practice to lead the troops of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment.
Other public administration ministers of the Provisional Government of Free India included:
The Indian National Army was represented by Armed Forces ministers, including:
The Provisional Government was also constituted and administered by a number of Secretaries and Advisors to Subhas Chandra Bose, including:
All of these Secretaries and Advisory officials held Ministerial rank in the Provisional Government. The extent of the Provisional Government's day-to-day management of affairs for Azad Hind is not entirely well-documented, so their specific functions as government officials for the state outside of their positions as support ministers for Subhas Chandra Bose is not entirely certain.
Recognition
Azad Hind was recognized as a legitimate and independent successor state to British rule in India by only a small number of countries, limited almost solely to Axis powers and their affiliate states and puppet regimes. Azad Hind had diplomatic relations with nine countries: Nazi Germany, the Empire of Japan, Fascist Italy, the Independent State of Croatia, Wang Jingwei's Government in Nanjing, Thailand, the State of Burma, Manchukuo and the Philippine Republic. On the declaration of its formation in Singapore the President of Ireland, Éamon de Valera, sent a note of congratulations to Bose. Vichy France, however, although being an Axis collaborator, never gave formal political recognition to Azad Hind. Recent researches have shown that the Soviet Union too had recognised the Provisional Government of Free India. This government participated as an observer in the Greater East Asia Conference in November 1943.
Government administration and World War II
The same night that Bose declared the existence of Azad Hind, the government took action to declare war against the United States and Britain. The government consisted of a Cabinet ministry acting as an advisory board to Subhas Bose, who was given the title "Netaji" (translating roughly to "leader") and was no doubt the dominant figure in the Provisional Government. He exercised virtual authoritarian control over the government and the army. With regards to the government's first issuances of war declarations, the "Cabinet had not been unanimous about the inclusion of the U.S.A. Bose had shown impatience and displeasure - there was never any question then or later of his absolute authority: the Cabinet had no responsibility and could only tender advice..."At the end of October 1943, Bose flew to Tokyo to participate in the Greater East Asia Conference as an observer to Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; it could not function as a delegate because India had technically fallen outside the jurisdiction of Japan's definition of "Greater East Asia", but Bose gave speeches in opposition to Western colonialism and imperialism at the conference. By the end of the conference, Azad Hind had been given a limited form of governmental jurisdiction over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which had been captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy early on in the war.
Once under the jurisdiction of Azad Hind, the islands formed the government's first claims to territory. The islands themselves were renamed "Shaheed" and "Swaraj", meaning "martyr" and "self-rule" respectively. Bose placed the islands under the governorship of Lt Col A. D Loganathan, and had limited involvement with the official governorship of the territory, instead involving himself in plans to expand the Indian National Army, ensure adequate men and materiel, and formulate its course of actions and the administrations and relations of the Indian population in south east Asia and determining Japanese designs in India and his provisional government. In theory the government itself had the power to levy taxes on the local populace, and to make and enforce laws: in practice they were enforced by the police force under Japanese control. Indians were willing to pay these taxes at first, but became less inclined to do so towards the end of the war when the Provisional Government enacted legislation for higher war-time taxes to fund the INA. During his interrogation after the war Loganathan admitted that he had only had full control over the islands' vestigial education department, as the Japanese had retained full control over the police force, and in protest he had refused to accept responsibility for any other areas of Government. He was powerless to prevent the Homfreyganj massacre of the 30th January 1944, where forty-four Indian civilians were shot by the Japanese on suspicion of spying. Many of them were members of the Indian Independence League, whose leader in Port Blair, Dr. Diwan Singh, had already been tortured to death in the Cellular Jail after doing his best to protect the islanders from Japanese atrocities during the first two years of the occupation.
Azad Hind's military forces in the form of the INA saw some successes against the British, and moved with the Japanese army to lay siege to the town of Imphal in eastern India. Plans to march towards Delhi, gaining support and fresh recruits along the way, stalled both with the onset of monsoon season and the failure to capture Imphal. British bombing seriously reduced morale, and the Japanese along with the INA forces began their withdrawal from India.
In addition to these setbacks, the INA was faced with a formidable challenge when the troops were left to defend Rangoon without the assistance of the Japanese in the winter of 1944-1945. Loganathan was relocated from the Andaman Islands to act as field commander. With the INA garrison about 6,000 strong, he manned the Burmese capital in the absence of any other police force or troops during the period between the departure of the Japanese and the arrival of the British. He was successful in maintaining law and order to the extent that there was not a single case of dacoity or of loot during the period from April 24 to May 4, 1945.
Indian areas under the Administration of the Provisional Government
Almost all of the territory of the Provisional Government lay in the Andaman Islands, although the Provisional Government was allowed some authority over Indian enclaves in Japanese-occupied territories. Provisional Government civil authority was never enacted in areas occupied by the INA; instead, Japanese military authority prevailed and responsibility for administration of occupied areas of India was shared between the Japanese and the Indian forces.
The Defeat of the INA and the Collapse of the Provisional Government
Left to defend Rangoon from the British advance without support from the Japanese, the INA was soundly defeated. Bose had fled Burma and returned to Singapore before the fall of Rangoon; the government Azad Hind had established on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands collapsed when the island garrisons of Japanese and Indian troops were defeated by British troops and the islands themselves retaken. Allegedly Bose himself was killed in a plane crash departing from Taiwan attempting to escape to Russia. The Provisional Government of Free India ceased to exist with the deaths of the Axis, the INA, and Netaji Bose in 1945.The troops who manned the brigades of the Indian National Army were taken as prisoners of war by the British. A number of these prisoners were brought to India and tried by British courts for treason, including a number of high ranking officers such as Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon. The defense of these individuals from prosecution by the British became a central point of contention between the British Raj and the Indian Independence Movement in the post-war years.
Relations with Japan and View of Azad Hind as Axis Collaborator
Subhas Chandra Bose, while an ally of Japan throughout the war, has become a controversial figure for his stances against imperialism which would run in opposition against what was generally recognized as Japanese imperialism in Asia during World War II. Bose himself opposed all manner of such colonial practices, but saw Britain as hypocritical in "fighting a war for democracy" but refusing to extend the same respect for democracy and equal rights to their colonial subjects in India. Bose opposed British racial policy and declared working for the abolition of racial discrimination with Burmese, Japanese and other Asians. Criticism of Bose remains, with some accusing him of fascism, citing his strict control over the Provisional Government as evidence of this; some accused him of wanting to establish a totalitarian state in India with the blessings of the Axis powers. It is inaccurate to term Bose solely as a fascist.But he believed that parliamentary democracy was unsuitable for India immediately after independence , and that a centrally organized, self-sufficient, semi-socialist India under the firm control of a single party was the best course for Indian government. Some of his ideas would help shape Indian governmental policy in the aftermath of the country's independence from Britain.The fact that Azad Hind was aligned politically with Japan may have little to do with explicit agreement and support for Japanese policy in Asia, and more with what Bose saw as a pragmatic approach to Indian independence. Disillusioned with Gandhi's philosophies of non-violence, Bose was clearly of the camp that supported exploiting British weakness to gain Indian independence. Throughout the existence of Azad Hind, Bose sought to distance himself from Japanese collaboration and become more self-sufficient, but found this difficult since the existence of Azad Hind as a governmental entity had only come about with the support of the Japanese, on whom the government and army of Azad Hind were entirely dependent. Bose, however, remains a hero in present-day India and is remembered as a man who fought fiercely for Indian independence.
Although Japanese troops saw much of the combat in India against the British, the INA was certainly by itself an effective combat force, having faced British and allied troops and making their mark in the Battle of Imphal. On 18 April 1944 the suicide squads led by Col. Shaukat Malik broke through the British defence and captured Moirang in Manipur. The Azad Hind administration took control of the this independent Indian territory. Following Moirang, the advancing INA breached the Kohima road, posing a threat to the British positions in both Silchar and Kohima. Col. Gulzara Singh's column had penetrated 250 miles into India. The Azad Brigade advanced, by outflanking the Anglo-American positions. However, INA's most serious, and ultimately fatal, limitations were the reliance on Japanese logistics and supplies and the total air-dominance of the allies, -which, along with a supply line deluged by torrential rain, frustrated the INA's and the Japanese bid to take Imphal.
With the siege of Imphal failing, the Japanese began to shift priority for resource allocation from South Asia to the Pacific, where they were fighting United States troops advancing from island to island against Japanese holdings there. When it had become clear that Bose's plans to advance to Delhi from the borders of Burma would never materialize due to the defeat of the INA at Imphal and the halt of Japanese armies by British aerial and later naval superiority in the region, Japanese support for Azad Hind declined.
Contributions to the Indian Independence
The true judgement of success or failure of the movement remains open to historians. However, the true extent to which the INA's activities influenced the decision to leave India is mirrored by the views of Clement Attlee, the British Prime Minister at the time of India's Independence. Attlee cites several reasons, the most important of which were the INA activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, which weakened the very foundation of the British Empire in India, and the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny which made the British realise that the support of the Indian armed forces could no longer be relied upon.
See also
Notes
External links
The Last Straw That Broke the Back of the British Empire
Category:Indian independence movement Category:Indian National Army Category:Azad Hind Category:Subhas Chandra Bose Category:National liberation movements Category:National liberation armies Category:Military history of India during World War II Category:Provisional governments Category:Urdu words and phrases
ar:عارضي حكومة آزاد هند bn:আর্জি হুকুমত-এ-আজাদ হিন্দ cs:Azad Hind de:Azad Hind es:Gobierno provisional para una India libre fr:Gouvernement provisoire de l'Inde libre ko:자유 인도 임시 정부 id:Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind it:Governo dell'India Libera ms:Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind ja:自由インド仮政府 ru:Азад Хинд uk:Азад Хінд zh:自由印度臨時政府This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
