Vice is a practice or a behavior or habit considered immoral, depraved, and/or degrading in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a defect, an infirmity, or merely a bad habit. Synonyms for vice include fault, depravity, sin, iniquity, wickedness, and corruption. The modern English term that best captures its original meaning is the word ''vicious'', which means "full of vice". In this sense, the word ''vice'' comes from the Latin word ''vitium'', meaning "failing or defect". Vice is the opposite of virtue.

Law enforcement

Depending on the country or jurisdiction, vice crimes may or may not be treated as a separate category in the criminal codes. Even in jurisdictions where vice is not explicitly delineated in the legal code, the term ''vice'' is often used in law enforcement and judicial systems as an umbrella for crimes involving activities that are considered inherently immoral, regardless of the legality or objective harm involved.

In the United Kingdom, the term ''vice'' is commonly used in law and law enforcement to refer to criminal offenses related to prostitution and pornography. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to crimes related to gambling, alcohol, and drugs.

Religion

Buddhism

In the Sarvastivadin tradition of Buddhism, there are 108 defilements, or vices, which are prohibited. These are subdivided into 10 bonds and 98 proclivities. The 10 bonds are the following:

Absence of shame

Absence of embarrassment

Jealousy

Parsimony

Remorse

Drowsiness

Distraction

Torpor

Anger

Concealment of wrongdoing

Islam

The Qu'ran and many other Islamic religious writings provide prohibitions against acts that are seen as immoral.

Ibn abi Dunya, a 9th-century scholar and tutor to the caliphs, described seven ''censures'' (prohibitions against vices) in his writings:

Worldliness

Ire

Envy

Slander

Obscenity

Intoxicants

Instruments of pleasure

Christianity

Christians believe there are two kinds of vice:

Vices that come from the physical organism as perverse instincts (such as lust)

Vices that come from false idolatry in the spiritual realm

The first kind of vice, though sinful, is believed less serious than the second. Vices recognized as spiritual by Christians include blasphemy (holiness betrayed), apostasy (faith betrayed), despair (hope betrayed), hatred (love betrayed), and indifference (scripturally, a "hardened heart"). Christian theologians have reasoned that the most destructive vice equates to a certain type of pride or the complete idolatry of the self. It is argued that through this vice, which is essentially competitive, all the worst evils come into being. In Judeo-Christian creeds, it originally led to the Fall of Man, and, as a purely diabolical spiritual vice, it outweighs anything else often condemned by the Church.

==== Roman Catholicism ==== The Roman Catholic Church distinguishes between vice, which is a habit inclining one to sin, and the sin itself, which is an individual morally wrong act. Note that in Roman Catholicism, the word "sin" also refers to the state that befalls one upon committing a morally wrong act. In this section, the word always means the sinful act. It is the sin, and not the vice, that deprives one of God's sanctifying grace and renders one deserving of God's punishment. Thomas Aquinas taught that "absolutely speaking, the sin surpasses the vice in wickedness". On the other hand, even after a person's sins have been forgiven, the underlying habit (the vice) may remain. Just as vice was created in the first place by repeatedly yielding to the temptation to sin, so vice may be removed only by repeatedly resisting temptation and performing virtuous acts; the more entrenched the vice, the more time and effort needed to remove it. Saint Thomas Aquinas says that following rehabilitation and the acquisition of virtues, the vice does not persist as a habit, but rather as a mere disposition, and one that is in the process of being eliminated.

Dante's seven deadly vices

The poet Dante Alighieri listed the following seven deadly vices: #Pride or vanity — an excessive love of the self (holding the self outside of its proper position regarding God or fellows; Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for one's neighbor"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, pride is referred to as ''superbia''. #Avarice (covetousness, greed) — a desire to possess more than one has need or use for (or according to Dante, "excessive love of money and power"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, avarice is referred to as ''avaritia''. #Lust — excessive sexual desire. Dante's criterion was that "lust detracts from true love". In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, lust is referred to as ''luxuria''. #Wrath or anger — feelings of hatred, revenge or denial, as well as punitive desires outside of justice (Dante's description was "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, wrath is referred to as ''ira''. #Gluttony — overindulgence in food, drink or intoxicants, or misplaced desire of food as a pleasure for its sensuality ("excessive love of pleasure" was Dante's rendering). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, gluttony is referred to as ''gula''. #Envy or jealousy — resentment of others for their possessions (Dante: "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, envy is referred to as ''invidia''. #Sloth or laziness — idleness and wastefulness of time and/or other allotted resources. Laziness is condemned because it results in others having to work harder; also, useful work will not be done. Sloth is referred to in Latin as ''accidie'' or ''acedia''.

Emotions as vices

Marc Jackson in his book ''Emotion and Psyche'' puts forward a new development of what the vices are. He identifies the vices as what he calls the evil emotions "The fourth group consisting of hate, greed, vanity, envy and cruelty is evil" These vices differ from more traditional accounts of vice because they are not character traits expressed by action but emotions that are felt. These emotional vices are to be overcome not through suppression but through feeling and cultivating the opposite virtues, as Jackson writes here: "This will diminish the amount of evil by building up the amount of good such that good will become more active and the evil will not have room to be so active, and thus will diminish"

See also

Virtue

Sin

Golden mean (philosophy)

Decline of the Roman Empire

Notes

All etymologies are according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary''.

References

Aristotle, trans. H. Rackman. ''Virtues and Vices'', Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992. vol. 285.

Newhauser, Richard, ed. ''In the Garden of Evil: The Vices and Culture in the Middle Ages''. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto 2005. ISBN 0-88844-818-X

External links

A bilingual Magazine dedicated to Vices and Addictions

Category:Habits Category:Morality

ca:Vici de:Laster es:Vicio fr:Vice it:Vizio pt:Vício sk:Neresť fi:Pahe sv:Last (psykologi) uk:Порок

name	Jose Marie Borja Viceral
alias	Vice Ganda
birth name	Jose Marie Borja Viceral
origin	Tondo, Manila, Philippines
born	March 31, 1976
genre	P-pop, OPM, rock
| occupation	Singer, actor, model, comedian, dancer, host
years active	1999–present (as stand-up comedian)2007-present (as actor)2011-present (as recording artist)
label	Vicor Music Corporation
background	solo_singer }}

Jose Marie Borja - Viceral (born March 31, 1976), popularly known as Vice Ganda, is a Filipino stand-up comedian, actor, talk show host and the resident judge of ''Showtime'', a pre-noontime talent show aired on ABS-CBN.

He is currently managed by columnist and talk show host Ogie Diaz. He became the first Filipino celebrity to have 1,000,000 fans on the social networking site Facebook, Currently, he has about 3,000,000 fans in Facebook.

In 2011, he released his debut album, Vice Ganda Lakas Tama

Personal life

Ganda was raised along Jose Abad Santos Street in Manuguit, Tondo, Manila. He is the youngest of 5 siblings. He has 2 sisters and 2 brothers.

His mother moved without the family to work in the United States after his father was killed in a shooting incident when he was 13 years old. He attended Far Eastern University studying political science. He started his career in 1999 as a stand-up comedian performing at ''The Library'' comedy bar. Ganda is openly gay, and his two brothers are also gay. Ganda said his father did not know he was gay and he kept his sexuality hidden from his mother as he did not want to disappoint her.

Career

Ganda has been a host of television programs and has performed in several comedy bars. He resides in ABSCBN Channel 2. Vice Ganda has also been on Movies like Petrang Kabayo and Apat Dapat, Dapat Apat He is one of the Hosts | Unevictable judge of the noontime show Showtime which airs every 10:30 am Mondays-Saturdays.

He had his first major Araneta Concert last May 15, 2010, entitled, May Nagtext Yung Totoo Vice Ganda sa Araneta, and was followed by the second major success Araneta Concert, Eto na Vice Ganda Todong Sample sa Araneta, on July 1, 2011. He was given the opportunity, to host his own talk show Gandang Gabi Vice, and he has also starred in the movie Noy, Hating Kapatid & Petrang Kabayo.

Filmography

+ Films
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes	! Company
2007	''Apat Dapat, Dapat Apat''	Res' employer	His first movie appearance.	VIVA Films
2008	''Condo''	Mandy	Indie film	Breaking the Box Productions
2008	''Ikaw pa rin: Bongga ka boy''	Host		VIVA Films
2009		Hillary		Star Cinema
2010		Jane	Indie film	Cinemedia Films
2010	''Hating Kapatid''	Beauty		VIVA Films
2010	''Petrang Kabayo''	Peter Kasimsim / Petra	First lead role	VIVA Films
2011	''Private Benjamin''	Benjamin		VIVA Films with Star Cinema

+ Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes	! Network
2007	''Maging Sino Ka Man''	Joko	Recurring role	ABS-CBN
2007	''Kokey''	Lyka Horse	Guest star	ABS-CBN
2008	''Dyosa''	Salaminsim	Recurring role	ABS-CBN
2008–2009	''Boy & Kris''	Himself/ Guest		ABS-CBN
2008		Tita Ganda	Guest star	ABS-CBN
2008	''Maalaala Mo Kaya''		Episode "Taxi"	ABS-CBN
2009	''Maalaala Mo Kaya''	Himself	Episode "Bola"	ABS-CBN
2009–present		Himself	Host/Judge	ABS-CBN
2010	''Magpasikat''	Himself	Host	ABS-CBN
2010	''May Bukas Pa''	Maxie	Chapter 26 "Care"	ABS-CBN
2010	''Kulilits	Himself	Guest	ABS-CBN
2011		Mars	First time tandem with Kim Chiu	ABS-CBN
2011	''100 Days to Heaven''	August	Guest role	ABS-CBN
2011-present	''Gandang Gabi, Vice!''	Himself	Host	ABS-CBN
2011		Himself	Guest/Challenger	ABS-CBN

+ Albums
! Year	! Title
2011	''Vice Ganda Lakas Tama''

Awards/Nominations

! Year	! Award	! Category	! Work	! Outcome
2010	42nd Box-Office Entertainment Award	Bert Marcelo Memorial Award
2010	Star Studio Magazine	Most Stylish Comedian	Dress Style
2011	Yahoo! OMG! Awards	Funniest Comedian
2011	Yahoo! OMG! Awards	Favorite Male TV Host
2011	T@tt Awards	Most Likable Personality	3.5m+ likes on Facebook

References

External links

Vice Ganda Website

Category:1976 births Category:Filipino actors Category:Filipino film actors Category:Filipino television actors Category:Filipino television personalities Category:Living people Category:LGBT people from the Philippines Category:People from Manila Category:Far Eastern University alumni

tl:Vice Ganda

name	Nick Swardson
Birthname	Nicholas Roger Swardson
birth date	October 09, 1976
birth place	Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
occupation	Stand-up comedian, actor, television writer
yearsactive	1998–present }}

Nicholas Roger "Nick" Swardson (born October 9, 1976) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and writer. He is best known for his recurring role as Terry Bernardino in the Comedy Central series ''Reno 911!'', for his work in Happy Madison movies, and for his new Comedy Central television series ''Nick Swardson's Pretend Time''.

Swardson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He attended St. Paul Central High.

Filmography

''Almost Famous'' (2000) as Insane Bowie Fan

''The Det. Kent Stryker One-Man Film'' (2001) as Porn Star

''The Girls Guitar Club'' (2001) as Hipster Customer

''Pretty When You Cry'' (2001) as Shaun

''Malibu's Most Wanted'' (2003) as Mocha

''Grandma's Boy'' (2006) as Jeff

''The Benchwarmers'' (2006) as Howie Goodman

''Art School Confidential'' (2006) as Matthew

''Click'' (2006) as Bed, Bath & Beyond employee

''Reno 911!: Miami'' (2007) as Terry Bernardino

''Blades of Glory'' (2007) as Hector the Stalker

''I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry'' (2007) as Kevin "Butterfly" McDonough

''Superbad'' (2007) Deleted Scenes – Blind Criminal

''You Don't Mess with the Zohan'' (2008) as Michael

''House Bunny'' (2008) as Photographer

''Bolt'' (2008) as Blake (voice role)

''Bedtime Stories'' (2008) as Engineer

''Just Go with It'' (2011) as Eddie Simms

''30 Minutes or Less'' (2011) as Travis

''Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star'' (2011) as Bucky Larson

Television

''Spring Break Lawyer'' (2001) as Jack the Pee Boy (TV Movie)

''Comedy Central Presents'' (2001, 2006) as Himself (Stand-Up Comedy)

''Reno 911!'' (2003–2009) as Terry Bernardino/Jaspermans

''Cheap Seats'' (2004) as Bruce Jenner's Nephew (one episode)

''The Showbiz Show with David Spade'' (2005–2007) as Scotty Kangaroojus

''Gay Robot'' (2006) as Rick & Voice of Gay Robot (pilot)

''Human Giant'' (2007) as Rob's Agent (one episode)

''Cavemen'' (2007) as Ray (one episode)

''Seriously, Who Farted?'' (2009) as Himself (stand-up special)

''Nick Swardson's Pretend Time'' (2010–present) as himself and various other roles (tv-series)

Writing

''Malibu's Most Wanted'' (2003)

''Gay Robot'' (2004)

''Calling Home'' (2004)

''Grandma's Boy'' (2006)

''The Benchwarmers'' (2006)

''Gay Robot'' (Pilot) (2006)

''I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry'' (2007)

''You Don't Mess With The Zohan'' (2008)

''Seriously, Who Farted?'' (2009)

''Nick Swardson's Pretend Time'' (2010)

''Born to Be a Star'' (2011)

Discography

''Gay Robot'' by Adam Sandler (2004)

''Calling Home'' by Adam Sandler (2004)

''Party'' (2007) (Stand-Up)

''Seriously, Who Farted?'' (2009) (Stand-Up)

Comedy specials

Comedy Central Presents Nick Swardson

''Seriously, Who Farted?'' (2009)

References

External links

Official site

Time Out New York interview with Nick Swardson

Category:1976 births Category:Actors from Minnesota Category:American comedians Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:People from Minneapolis, Minnesota

de:Nick Swardson es:Nick Swardson fr:Nick Swardson pt:Nick Swardson

Name	Jan Hammer
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Jan Hammer
Birth date	April 17, 1948
Instrument	Keyboards, Drums
Genre	Jazz fusion, Synthpop, Pop rock
Occupation	Musician, Songwriter, Producer
Years active	1968–present
Associated acts	Mahavishnu Orchestra, Jan Hammer Group, Jeff Beck, Al Di Meola, Mick Jagger, Carlos Santana, Stanley Clarke, Neal Schon, Steve Lukather, Elvin Jones
Website	http://www.janhammer.com }}

Jan Hammer () (born 17 April 1948, in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, today the Czech Republic) is a composer, pianist and keyboardist. He is probably best known for playing keyboards with the Mahavishnu Orchestra in the early 70s, as well as his "Miami Vice Theme" and "Crockett's Theme", from the popular 1980s US television program, ''Miami Vice''.

Hammer has collaborated with some of the era's most influential jazz and rock musicians such as Jeff Beck, Al Di Meola, Mick Jagger, Carlos Santana, Stanley Clarke, Neal Schon, Steve Lukather, and Elvin Jones among many others. He has composed and produced at least 14 original motion picture soundtracks, the music for 90 episodes of Miami Vice and 20 episodes of the popular British television series ''Chancer''.

His compositions have won him several Grammy awards.

Biography

Early life

Jan Hammer was born in Prague, then capital of Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). His mother was a well-known Czech singer named Vlasta Průchová, and his father was a doctor who worked his way through school playing vibes and bass. Hammer began playing the piano at the age of four and his formal instruction started two years later. He aspired to follow his father into medicine until a family friend convinced him to develop his musical talents instead. Hammer formed a jazz trio in high school, performing and recording throughout Eastern Europe at the age of fourteen. Upon entrance to the Prague Academy of Musical Arts, he completed many compulsory classes including harmony, counterpoint, music history, and classical composition.

When the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968, Hammer's studies at the Academy were cut short, and he moved to the United States and resolved to become a citizen after receiving a scholarship at Berklee College of Music in Boston.

Upon completion of his studies, Hammer spent a year touring with Sarah Vaughan, recorded with Elvin Jones and Jeremy Steig, then moved to Lower Manhattan and joined the original lineup of the Mahavishnu Orchestra with guitarist John McLaughlin, violinist Jerry Goodman, bassist Rick Laird, and drummer Billy Cobham in 1971. A successful jazz fusion band, they performed some 530 shows before their farewell concert on December 30, 1973. Hammer was one of the early pioneers who played the Mini Moog synthesizer in a touring group.

After recording albums with Goodman and John Abercrombie (ECM session ''Timeless'' with Jack DeJohnette) in 1974, Hammer's solo career began with the release of ''The First Seven Days'' (1975). He produced and recorded the album at Red Gate Studio, which he'd built in his upstate New York farmhouse and which has been the location of his recordings ever since.

The Jan Hammer Group was formed in 1976 and supported ''The First Seven Days'' on tour, receiving good reviews from both jazz and rock critics. The group turned out three LPs the following year: their own ''Oh, Yeah?'' and, with Jeff Beck, the RIAA platinum ''Wired'' (with Jan's "Blue Wind"), and ''Jeff Beck with the Jan Hammer Group Live'', a chronicle of their 100-show tour together, certified gold. One final album by the group followed in 1977, ''Melodies''.

Hammer composed music for Czech fairy-tale Šíleně smutná princezna (The Incredibly Sad Princess).

1970s and 80s

Hammer returned to solo work with the release of ''Black Sheep'' in 1978. He then formed a new band, known as "Hammer". Also in 1978, he wrote and performed on three songs for Jeff Beck's next album, ''There and Back'' which was released in 1980. One of the album tracks, "Star Cycle," went on to become the theme for the British television series ''The Tube''.

The '80s arrived with concurrent (though highly contrasting) projects with two of today's most respected guitarists. In 1977 with Al Di Meola, Hammer recorded Elegant Gypsy. ''Casino'', ''Splendido Hotel'' and Electric Rendezvous followed. He then joined Di Meola for a tour chronicled the same year on ''Tour De Force - Live''; and finally appeared throughout ''Scenario'', utilizing his new Fairlight CMI digital synthesizer and contributing to more than half of the album's compositions.

At the same time, the duo known as Schon & Hammer, with the mega-platinum band Journey's guitarist Neal Schon, recorded ''Untold Passion'' in 1981 and ''Here to Stay'' in 1982.

Despite his active schedule, Hammer took the stage with Jeff Beck in December 1983 for the nine U.S. benefit concerts that raised money for Ronnie Lane's A.R.M.S. (Action Research into Multiple Sclerosis), featuring Jimmy Page, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker and a host of others. Into 1984, his various talents were employed on recordings as diverse as James Young's (Styx) first solo album, ''City Slicker'' for which he co-wrote and produced; John Abercrombie's ''Night''; Mick Jagger's first solo album, ''She's the Boss''; and Jeff Beck's ''Flash'' which included Hammer's song "Escape", winner of the 1985 Grammy award for "Best Rock Instrumental Performance".

Miami Vice and successes

Hammer's original scores for three major motion pictures complement a long list of credits for documentaries, "made-for-TV" movies in the U.S., commercials, and station identifications. But his greatest challenge came in the fall of 1984, when the producers of ''Miami Vice'' enlisted him to commence the rigorous weekly schedule of scoring the series.

The popular success of his music on the series was evident after just one season when, on November 2, 1985, the ''Miami Vice Soundtrack'' hit number one on the ''Billboard'' Top Pop album charts. The album achieved quadruple-platinum status with U.S. sales of more than four million copies.

At the Grammy awards in February 1986, "Miami Vice Theme" earned Hammer two awards; one for "Best Pop Instrumental Performance" and one for "Best Instrumental Composition". He also earned Emmy award nominations in 1985 and 1986, for "Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition". At the end of 1986, Hammer won Keyboard Magazine's poll as "Best Studio Synthesist" for a second consecutive year. He had previously won the "Best Lead Synthesist" honor for seven years, at which time he was inducted into the Keyboard Hall of Fame.

In 1988, Hammer bowed out of full-time musical chores for ''Miami Vice.''

The first project to spring from the new Red Gate was Hammer's original soundtrack for ''Clinton and Nadine'' for HBO Films.

Hammer's next two assignments contributed greatly to his next album. First, at the end of the summer, he was commissioned to compose and perform a theme entitled "The Runner" for a major series of television advertisements in England that starred Bob Geldof. Second, Hammer composed and performed the theme music for the top-rated new bi-weekly pan-European television series, ''Eurocops'', which premiered in seven countries that November.

''Snapshots'' was the first full album from the new Red Gate studio in 1989, with Hammer composing, performing and producing every track. The promo video for "Too Much to Lose," the album's first European single, featured Jeff Beck, David Gilmour of Pink Floyd, and Ringo Starr.

The 90s

The '90s saw a renewed focus on scoring, starting with ''I Come in Peace'' (a.k.a. "Dark Angel", composed in 89 but released in 1990), ''Curiosity Kills'' and all twenty episodes of the British television series, ''Chancer'', several episodes of HBO's ''Tales from the Crypt''; a television spot for Amnesty International, featuring Czech president Václav Havel, two pilots for NBC, ''Knight Rider 2000'' and ''News at 12'', ''The Taking of Beverly Hills'' (Columbia Pictures) and New Line Cinema's ''Sunset Heat''.

Hammer's next project was as composer and performer of the original score for the Miramar Productions video album, ''Beyond the Mind's Eye''.

1994 was dominated by Hammer's recording of ''Drive'', his first full-fledged album of original new non-soundtrack material under his name in several years. He was reunited with longtime partner Jeff Beck on "Underground", reminiscent of their collaborations of the past.

In 1995, Hammer returned to his scoring and soundtrack work. He began with the one hour Universal drama ''Vanishing Son'', then went on to compose the theme and score for 13 episodes of the series. He composed and performed the original music for two feature films, both released in 1996: ''A Modern Affair'' and ''In the Kingdom of the Blind the Man with One Eye Is King''. Hammer wrapped up the year scoring ''Beastmaster III: The Eye of Braxus''.

In 1996, Hammer's scoring assignments included the NBC Movie of the Week, ''The Babysitter’s Seduction'', ''The Secret Agent Club'', and ''The Corporate Ladder''.

Also in 1996 (and through 2000) Hammer was commissioned to compose all the original music for TV Nova, the first commercial television network in Eastern Europe, based in the Czech Republic. He composed everything—including themes for 23 original shows produced by the network, 50 separate station ID’s, the music for all of the network’s special broadcasts, plus the music for all the news, sports and weather programs.

In 1997, Hammer also composed the hard-driving rock soundtrack for the new CD-ROM game, Outlaw Racers (MegaMedia). His next project was the theme and original music score for the pilot and the series of ''Prince Street''.

Hammer started off 1999 by writing, performing and producing a tune, "Even Odds" for Jeff Beck’s latest album ''Who Else!'' (Epic). Also, 1999 saw the release of ''The Lost Trident Sessions'', the third (and last) studio album from his former group, the Mahavishnu Orchestra. The album was recorded in 1973 just prior to the band's breakup.

2000 to Present

Jan Hammer produced the original score for ''Cocaine Cowboys'', a 2006 documentary depicting the infamous Miami drug trade scene of the 1980s. Hammer's soundtrack of the film was released in 2007.

Also in the fall of 2004 Hammer released the album ''The Best of Miami Vice'' on the Reality label in the U.S. ''The Best of Miami Vice'' contains newly recorded versions of "Miami Vice Theme" and "Crockett’s Theme", as well as one bonus track never before released on CD.

In February 2005, after years of anticipation, Universal Studios Home Entertainment finally released the first season of ''Miami Vice'' on three double-sided DVDs. One of the package’s discs contained bonus material, including an extensive interview and archival footage of Hammer creating music for the show back in 1985.

To coincide with the release of the DVD, Reality Records released a newly recorded version of "Crockett’s Theme" to AC (Adult Contemporary) radio in America.

In 2006 Hammer was asked to collaborate with the singer/rapper TQ for a brand new version of his song "Crockett's Theme". The result of their work was ''The Jan Hammer Project Featuring TQ (Terrance Quaites): Crockett's Theme''. A CD single of this new version climbed up the charts in Europe, hitting #1 on the iTunes Europe download list.

Discography

As leader

! Album
The Jan Hammer Trio	''Maliny Maliny'' (aka ''Make Love'')	(1968)	MPS Records
Jerry Goodman & Jan Hammer	''Like Children''	(1974)	Nemperor / Sony
Jan Hammer	The First Seven Days (album)>''The First Seven Days ''	(1975)	Nemperor / Sony
Jan Hammer Group	Oh Yeah? (album)>''Oh Yeah?''	(1976)	Nemperor / Sony
Jan Hammer Group	''Jeff Beck with the Jan Hammer Group Live''	(1977)	Epic
Jan Hammer Group	''Melodies''	(1977)	Nemperor / Sony
Hammer	''Black Sheep''	(1978)	Elektra / Asylum
Hammer	''Hammer''	(1979)	Elektra / Asylum
Neal Schon & Jan Hammer	''Untold Passion''	(1981)	Columbia
Neal Schon & Jan Hammer	Here to Stay (Schon & Hammer album)>Here to Stay''	(1983)	Columbia
Jan Hammer	''Miami Vice''	(1985)	MCA
Jan Hammer	''The Early Years''	(1986)	Nemperor / Sony
Jan Hammer	''Escape from Television''	(1987)	MCA
Jan Hammer	''Snapshots''	(1989)	MCA
Jan Hammer	''Police Quest 3 Soundtrack (PC game)''	(1991)	Sierra
Jan Hammer	''BEYOND The Mind's Eye''	(1992)	Miramar / MCA
Jan Hammer	''Drive''	(1994)	Miramar
Jan Hammer	''Snaphots 1.2''	(2000)	One Way
Jan Hammer	''Miami Vice: The Complete Collection''	(2002)	One Way
Jan Hammer	''The First Seven Days''	(Remastered) (2003)	Columbia/Legacy
Jan Hammer	''The Best of Miami Vice''	(2004)	Reality Records
Jan Hammer	''Black Sheep/Hammer'' (2 CD Set)	(2005)	Wounded Bird Records
Jan Hammer Project (Featuring TQ)	"Crockett's Theme"	(2006)	LuckySong/Sony/BMG
Jan Hammer	"Cocaine Cowboys" Soundtrack	(2007)	Red Gate Records
Jan Hammer Group	"Live In New York"	(2008)	Red Gate Records

As sideman

With the Mahavishnu Orchestra (Columbia):

		! Album
John McLaughlin with The Mahavishnu Orchestra	''The Inner Mounting Flame'' (1971)
The Mahavishnu Orchestra	''Birds of Fire'' (1972)
The Mahavishnu Orchestra	''Between Nothingness and Eternity'' (1973)
The Mahavishnu Orchestra	''The Best of The Mahavishnu Orchestra'' (1980)
The Mahavishnu Orchestra	''The Lost Trident Sessions'' (recorded 1973, released 1999)

With Jeff Beck (Epic):

		! Album
Jeff Beck	Wired (Jeff Beck album)>Wired'' (1976)
Jeff Beck	Jeff Beck With the Jan Hammer Group Live>Jeff Beck with the Jan Hammer Group Live'' (1977)
Jeff Beck	There and Back (Jeff Beck album)>There and Back'' (1980)
Jeff Beck	Flash (Jeff Beck album)>Flash'' (1985)
Jeff Beck	''Beckology'' (1991)
Jeff Beck	''The Best of Beck'' (1995)
Jeff Beck	''Who Else!'' (1999)

With Al Di Meola (Columbia):

! Album
Al Di Meola	''Elegant Gypsy'' (1977)
Al Di Meola	''Splendido Hotel'' (1980)
Al Di Meola	''Electric Rendezvous'' (1982)
Al Di Meola	''Tour De Force - Live'' (1982)
Al Di Meola	Scenario (album)>Scenario'' (1984)
Al Di Meola	''The Electric Anthology'' (1995)
Al Di Meola	''This Is Jazz Volume 31'' (1997)
Al Di Meola	''Anthology'' (2000)

With Carlos Santana (Columbia):

Love Devotion Surrender (1973) - Drums

With Stanley Clarke (Nemperor):

''Stanley Clarke (1973) - Keyboards

With Billy Cobham (Atlantic):

''Spectrum'' (1973) - Keyboards

With Lenny White (Nemperor):

''Big City (1977) - Keyboards

With John Abercrombie (ECM):

''Timeless'' - Keyboards

Night (1984) - Keyboards

With The Freelance Hellraiser (Sony/BMG):

Waiting For Clearance (2006) - Keyboards

With Tommy Bolin (Atlantic):

''Teaser'' (1975) - Keyboards, Drums

From The Archives Vol. 1 (1996) - Keyboards

With Elvin Jones (Blue Note):

''Merry-Go-Round'' (session December 16, 1971) - Piano

''Mr. Jones'' (sessions July 12 & 13, 1972) - Piano

The Prime Element (sessions July 24–26, 1973) - Keyboards

With Elvin Jones (P.M.):

On the Mountain (1975) - Keyboards

With Glen Moore (Elektra):

Introducing Glen Moore (1978) - Drums

With Joni Mitchell (Asylum):

Mingus (1979) - Mini Moog

With Tony Williams (Columbia):

The Joy of Flying (1979) - Keyboards

With Mick Jagger (Columbia):

''She's the Boss'' (1985) - Keyboards

With James Young (Passport):

City Slicker (1985) - Keyboards, Drums

With Clarence Clemons (Columbia):

An Evening With Mr. C (1989) - Keyboards, Drums

With Steve Lukather (Columbia):

''Lukather'' (1989) - Keyboards

With Charlie Mariano (MPS):

Helen 12 Trees (1976) - Keyboards

References

External links

Jan Hammer Interview - Mahavishnu, Miami Vice and More

Unofficial Jan Hammer website *New*

Unofficial Jan Hammer website (est. 1995)

Unofficial Jan Hammer website in finnish

Interview Jan Hammer, 07.08.2006

Interview - Discusses his guitar sound experimentations

Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:Berklee College of Music alumni Category:Czech expatriates Category:Czech musicians Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Miami Vice Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Prague Category:The Mahavishnu Orchestra members

ar:يان هامر cs:Jan Hammer da:Jan Hammer de:Jan Hammer es:Jan Hammer fr:Jan Hammer it:Jan Hammer nl:Jan Hammer ja:ヤン・ハマー no:Jan Hammer pl:Jan Hammer pt:Jan Hammer ru:Хаммер, Ян sq:Jan Hammer fi:Jan Hammer sv:Jan Hammer

name	Sonata Arctica
landscape	Yes
alias	Tricky Beans, Tricky Means,
background	group_or_band
origin	Kemi, Finland
genre	Power metal, progressive metal
years active	1996−present
label	Spinefarm, Nuclear Blast
website
current members	Tony KakkoElias ViljanenTommy PortimoMarko PaasikoskiHenrik Klingenberg
past members	Jani LiimatainenMikko HärkinJanne KivilahtiPentti Peura }}

Sonata Arctica are a Finnish power metal band from the town of Kemi, originally assembled in 1995. Their later works (most notably ''The Days of Grays'', ''Unia'' and a few tracks on ''Reckoning Night'') contain several elements typical of progressive metal.

Biography

Formation and early years (1996–1999)

The band was founded by Marko Paasikoski, Jani Liimatainen and Tommy Portimo in Kemi at the end of 1995 (Tony Kakko and Pentti Peura joined in early 1996). Originally named ''Tricky Beans'', they played hard rock rather than the power metal with which they grew to fame. During their early career, they recorded three demos which were never sent to any recording label — ''Friend 'till the End'', ''Agre Pamppers'' and ''PeaceMaker''.

In 1997 the band changed their name to ''Tricky Means'', and from that point until 1999 their style was thoroughly worked upon and ultimately was drastically changed, acquiring strong emphasis on the keyboard melodies and relying on an easily distinguishable rhythm line maintained both by the bass and the guitar. Vocalist Tony Kakko developed a clean singing style which relies both on falsetto and tenor voices and second guitarist Marko Paasikoski left the band. Kakko has stated that the change of sound was influenced by fellow Finnish power metal band Stratovarius.

In 1999 (after they changed their name to ''Sonata Arctica''), the band recorded a demo entitled ''FullMoon'' in Kemi's Tico Tico Studios, which was their first real metal recording. The line-up consisted of vocalist and keyboardist Tony Kakko, guitarist Jani Liimatainen, bassist Janne Kivilahti and drummer Tommy Portimo. The demo was sent to Spinefarm Records by a friend of the band and a recording deal soon followed.

''Ecliptica'' and ''Silence'' (1999–2002)

Later that year, Sonata Arctica's first single, entitled ''UnOpened'' was released in Finland. It entered the Finnish Top 20 sales chart on the week of its release and, soon after, the band had closed deals with labels from around the world, prior to the release of their debut album. The debut ''Ecliptica'' arrived by the end of 1999 and had a worldwide release, obtaining rave critics from the specialized press.

Tony Kakko then decided to focus on singing and began seeking a new keyboard player for Sonata Arctica; Mikko Härkin (ex-Kenziner) was eventually invited to fill the position.

In the beginning of 2000, Sonata Arctica was chosen to support the well known power metal band Stratovarius throughout their European tour. Marko Paasikoski returned to the band to play bass in the wake of Janne Kivilahti's departure after the tour.

From late 2000 to late 2001, the band worked on composing and recording their next album — ''Silence'' — which was released in June 2001. An extensive tour followed, which included concerts throughout Europe (together with Gamma Ray) and Japan. In 2002 Sonata Arctica made its first incursion to America, putting on shows in Brazil and Chile. According to some of the musicians from the band, it was one of their best tours to date — the other being the Japanese tour from 2003. A live album entitled ''Songs of Silence'' was also released that year, consisting of gigs from their tour in Japan. By the end of 2002, Mikko Härkin left the band due to personal reasons.

''Winterheart's Guild'' (2003)

Their third album — ''Winterheart's Guild'' — was recorded with the help of the seasoned keyboard player Jens Johansson from Stratovarius who recorded the keyboard solos, while Kakko took care of the basics. The album was released in 2003.

In the search for another keyboardist, the band received many applications and two of them were invited for auditions. Since they were well aware of the candidates' ability, the band decided to pick the new member based on personality. To this end they spent a night drinking with each of the potentials in order to find out which one would fit best into the band's personality and mentality. Henrik Klingenberg was eventually chosen and joined the band in time to take part in the tour that followed the release of ''Winterheart's Guild''. Most of the concerts on the tour were sold out.

With the end of their contract with Spinefarm Records, the band received invitations from most European recording labels, and eventually opted for Nuclear Blast.

''Reckoning Night'' (2004–2005)

In early 2004, the band was chosen as the opener for Iron Maiden's Japanese tour. Additionally, Tommy Portimo became a father; his wife gave birth to a baby girl in March. ''Reckoning Night'' was recorded in three months and released in October. Both the single and the EP of this release remained on the top of the Finnish charts simultaneously for over six weeks. A promotional tour was to follow, but Sonata Arctica was invited by the popular Nightwish to join their European tour, and thus made a change of plans. The concerts that followed were played for audiences of over ten thousand people. Fans took notice that Reckoning Night was more progressive than previous Sonata Arctica albums. At that time in interviews, Tony Kakko and Henrik Klingenberg began to claim that they saw themselves as more so just a rock band than Power Metal. Another notable feature about this album was that Henrik Klingenberg introduced use of the organ (music) to the band.

In early 2005, Nightwish invited the band to open the concerts of their North American tour. This tour eventually got cancelled, but the members of Sonata Arctica opted to still make a short tour, playing concerts in Canada and the USA. On October 21, 2005, Sonata Arctica opened for Nightwish at the Hartwall Areena, Helsinki.

''For the Sake of Revenge'' and Winterheart's Guild video game (2006)

In 2006, the band released a live CD and DVD entitled ''For the Sake of Revenge'', which was recorded in Tokyo in February 2005. Then, Spinefarm Records released a compilation album in order to get the most out of their contract with the band, since Sonata Arctica changed their recording label. The compilation is entitled ''The End of This Chapter'' and was released in Japan in August 2005 and in Europe on May 2006.

A computer video game was also planned, based on Sonata Arctica characters and music. The name of the game was going to be ''Winterheart's Guild'', like their album. The game was to be developed by Zelian Games, and was to be an Action-RPG in a style between Fallout and Diablo. The game was cancelled for unannounced reasons but a demo was shown at the ''Leipzig video game conference'' in 2006, featuring Henrik Klingenberg as the playable character. As of December 2006, the band began recording their fifth studio album.

''Unia'' (2007–2008)

On May 25, 2007, ''Unia'' was released. The album's first single, "Paid In Full", was released on April 27, 2007. Interestingly, the cover for ''Unia'' features a barely perceptible image of a person's hair and eyes looking out through a crack in the background in the lower right-hand corner. It is likely an allusion to the person in the song "Caleb" on ''Unia''.

On August 6, 2007, the band announced on their website that guitarist Jani Liimatainen had been asked to leave the band due to problems related to his conscription. He was replaced by Elias Viljanen who had already filled in for him in the band's Finnish and Japanese shows during the spring and summer.

In October 2007 Sonata Arctica headlined the ProgPower USA VIII. Later the band supported Nightwish across their 2008 tour of United States and Canada and headlined at the shows that Nightwish cancelled due to Anette Olzon's sudden severe sickness.

In 2008 Tony Kakko collaborated with English Singer/Songwriter and arranger Mark Deeks to perform choral arrangements of some of the band's works at a special one off concert at The Sage Centre in Gateshead.

It was announced on September 4, 2008 that the band's first two albums would be re-released by Spinefarm UK on October 6.

''The Days of Grays'' (Since 2009)

::''Main Article: The Days of Grays'' Sonata Arctica's latest album was released on September 16, 2009 in Finland and September 22 in the USA. Henrik stated that the new album will be in the same vein as ''Unia'', but not as complex and darker. Singles from this album include "Flag in the Ground" and "The Last Amazing Grays". On August 28, 2009, the music video of "Flag In The Ground" was released to the web. The limited 2CD European edition of the album featured many of the album tracks with all instruments performed by a symphony orchestra.

The band also recently toured with DragonForce for the third U.S. leg of the Ultra Beatdown tour, and will be touring the US "two or three times," as well as doing a European tour and Asian tour covering Indonesia, Taiwan, China, and Japan. In early 2010 they engaged on an Australian tour with Ensiferum and Melbourne band Vanishing Point.

In April 2010, Sonata Arctica embarked on their USA and Canada Headlining tour for The Days of Grays. In October they headlined in Chile in support of the same album.

Future plans

In January 2011, the band hinted in an online interview for Metaleater magazine that they are currently writing songs for a new album while on their current tour. Elias is quoted as saying, "I've been working on some new riffs, quite dark. Tony's been stuck in his bed scratching notes about some girl and her 'Luna Lust'." Tommy states later, "We've just got back from Cozumel, we had a good time, had lots of beers, loads more sun and thought about putting a bit more Queen stuff back into the music again."

While playing in Sheffield (UK) Tony stated to the audience that they were in fact hoping to start recording the new album this autumn and have it available for purchase before summer 2012.

In April, the band recorded a live DVD in Oulu, Finland, due for release in late 2011.

Influences

In a 2007 interview with C.B.Liddell, Tony Kakko cited the English rock band Queen as his biggest musical influence. "A lot of people seem to mention a Queen influence in our music," he said. "Queen have always been the biggest band for me."

Members

Current

Tony Kakko

*Vocals (1996−present)

*Keyboards (1996–2001, 2003, 2007–present)

Elias Viljanen

*Guitars (2007−present)

*Backing vocals (2007−present)

Marko Paasikoski

*Bass guitar (2000−present)

*Backing vocals (2000−present)

*Guitars (1996–1997)

Tommy Portimo

*Drums (1996−present)

Henrik Klingenberg

*Keyboards/keytar (2002−present)

*Backing vocals (2002−present)

Former

Pentti Peura

*Bass guitar (1996−1998)

*Backing vocals (1996−1998)

Janne Kivilahti

*Bass guitar (1998−2000)

*Backing vocals (1998−2000)

Mikko Härkin

*Keyboards (2000−2002)

*Backing vocals (2000−2002)

Jani Liimatainen

*Guitars (1996−2007)

*Backing vocals (1996−2007)

Guest musicians

Raisa Aine − flute (on "Letter to Dana")

Nik Van-Eckmann − spoken passages (on "...of Silence", "The End of This Chapter", "Last Drop Falls" and "The Power of One" from ''Silence'' and "Don't Say a Word", "White Pearl, Black Oceans..." and "Wildfire" from ''Reckoning Night'')

Timo Kotipelto − vocals (on "False News Travel Fast")

Renay Gonzalez − spoken female passage (on "The End of This Chapter")

Jens Johansson − keyboard solos (on "The Cage", "Silver Tongue", "Victoria's Secret" and "Champagne Bath")

Peter Engberg − acoustic guitars, bouzouki, chromaharp, cavaquinho and Q-chord (on "They Follow", "Under Your Tree", "The Harvest", "It Won't Fade" and "Fly With the Black Swan")

Johanna Kurkela − female vocals (on "Deathaura" and "No Dream Can Heal a Broken Heart")

Discography

Studio albums:

''Ecliptica'' (1999)

''Silence'' (2001)

''Winterheart's Guild'' (2003)

''Reckoning Night'' (2004)

''Unia'' (2007)

''The Days of Grays'' (2009)

Cover songs

"Black Diamond" − Stratovarius (live, short clip in ''Stratovarius - Infinite Visions VHS/DVD'')

"Speed of Light" − Stratovarius (in the end of "False News Travel Fast" in ''Songs of Silence'')

"Fade to Black" − Metallica (''Victoria's Secret'', ''Takatalvi'')

"Wind Beneath My Wings" − Bette Midler (''Orientation'')

"Die With Your Boots On" − Iron Maiden (''Last Drop Falls'', ''Orientation'')

"World in My Eyes" − Depeche Mode (''Don't Say a Word'')

"Two Minds, One Soul" − Vanishing Point (''Don't Say a Word'')

"Still Loving You" − Scorpions (''Takatalvi'')

"I Want Out" − Helloween (''Takatalvi'')

"Out in the Fields" − Gary Moore (''Paid in Full'', ''Unia'')

"Silent Jealousy" − X Japan (live)

"Crash & Burn" − Yngwie Malmsteen (live)

"Excuse Me While I Kill Myself" − Sentenced (live)

"I Was Made for Lovin' You" − KISS (live)

"Smoke on the Water" − Deep Purple (live)

"Child in Time" - Deep Purple (live)

"Gaston y'a l'téléfon qui son" − Nino Ferrer (live)

"One" − Metallica (live)

"We Will Rock You" − Queen (live)

"No More Tears" − Ozzy Osbourne (live)

"Hava Nagila" ("The Cage"/"Vodka", "For the Sake of Revenge")

"Master of Puppets" − Metallica (live)

"The Trooper" − Iron Maiden (live)

"Cowboys From Hell" - Pantera (live, Jani Liimatainen's Young Guitar DVD and Into The Storm bootleg DVD)

"Metropolis" - Dream Theater" (live)

"Total Eclipse Of The Heart" - Bonnie Tyler" (live)

"Runaway" - Del Shannon (live)

"Hell Is Living Without You" - Alice Cooper (One For All, All For One)

References

External links

Sonata Arctica's official website

Sonata Arctica's official fanclub

Winterheart's Guild video game

Category:Finnish power metal musical groups Category:Finnish progressive metal musical groups Category:Finnish heavy metal musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 1996 Category:Musical quintets

an:Sonata Arctica bg:Соната Арктика ca:Sonata Arctica cs:Sonata Arctica da:Sonata Arctica de:Sonata Arctica es:Sonata Arctica eo:Sonata Arctica fa:سناتا آرتیکا fr:Sonata Arctica gl:Sonata Arctica ko:소나타 아티카 hr:Sonata Arctica id:Sonata Arctica it:Sonata Arctica he:סונטה ארקטיקה ka:სონატა არქტიკა lb:Sonata Arctica lt:Sonata Arctica hu:Sonata Arctica nl:Sonata Arctica ja:ソナタ・アークティカ no:Sonata Arctica pl:Sonata Arctica pt:Sonata Arctica ru:Sonata Arctica sco:Sonata Arctica simple:Sonata Arctica sk:Sonata Arctica sl:Sonata Arctica fi:Sonata Arctica sv:Sonata Arctica tr:Sonata Arctica uk:Sonata Arctica fiu-vro:Sonata Arctica wa:Sonata Arctica zh:極光奏鳴曲樂團