MPEG-4 is still a developing standard and is divided into a number of parts. Companies promoting MPEG-4 compatibility do not always clearly state which "part" level compatibility they are referring to. The key parts to be aware of are MPEG-4 part 2 (including Advanced Simple Profile, used by codecs such as DivX, Xvid, Nero Digital and 3ivx and by Quicktime 6) and MPEG-4 part 10 (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 or Advanced Video Coding, used by the x264 encoder, by Nero Digital AVC, by Quicktime 7, and by high-definition video media like Blu-ray Disc).
Most of the features included in MPEG-4 are left to individual developers to decide whether to implement them. This means that there are probably no complete implementations of the entire MPEG-4 set of standards. To deal with this, the standard includes the concept of "profiles" and "levels", allowing a specific set of capabilities to be defined in a manner appropriate for a subset of applications.
Initially, MPEG-4 was aimed primarily at low bit-rate video communications; however, its scope as a multimedia coding standard was later expanded. MPEG-4 is efficient across a variety of bit-rates ranging from a few kilobits per second to tens of megabits per second. MPEG-4 provides the following functionalities: Improved coding efficiency over MPEG-2
The MPEG-4 format can perform various functions, among which might be the following:
+MPEG-4 parts< | |||||||
width="8%">Part | Number | First public release date (first edition) | Latest public release date (last edition) | Latest amendment | Title | ! Description | |
Part 1 | ISO/IEC 14496-1 | 1999| | 2010 | 2010 | Systems | Describes synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. For example the MPEG-4 Part 14 | |
[[MPEG-4 Part 2 | Part 2 | ISO/IEC 14496-2| | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | MPEG-4 Part 2> Visual | codec for visual data (video, still textures, synthetic images, etc.). One of the many "profiles" in Part 2 is the Advanced Simple Profile> Advanced Simple Profile (ASP). |
MPEG-4 Part 3 | Part 3 | ISO/IEC 14496-3| | 1999 | 2009 | 2010 | MPEG-4 Part 3> Audio | A set of compression codecs for perceptual coding of audio signals, including some variations of Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) as well as other audio/speech coding formats and tools (such as Audio Lossless Coding (ALS), MPEG-4 SLS>Scalable Lossless Coding (SLS), MPEG-4 Structured AudioStructured Audio, Text-To-Speech Interface (TTSI), HVXC, CELP and others) |
Part 4 | ISO/IEC 14496-4| | 2000 | 2004 | 2010 (2011) | Conformance testing | Describes procedures for testing conformance to other parts of the standard. | |
Part 5 | ISO/IEC 14496-5| | 2000 | 2001 | 2010 (2011) | Reference software | reference implementation (computing)>reference software for demonstrating and clarifying the other parts of the standard. | |
Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework | Part 6 | ISO/IEC 14496-6| | 1999 | 2000 | Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework (DMIF) | ||
Part 7 | ISO/IEC TR 14496-7| | 2002 | 2004 | Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objects | Provides examples of how to make improved implementations (e.g., in relation to Part 5). | ||
Part 8 | ISO/IEC 14496-8| | 2004 | 2004 | Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 contents over IP networks | Internet protocol>IP networks. It also includes guidelines to design [[Real-time Transport Protocol | ||
Part 9 | ISO/IEC TR 14496-9| | 2004 | 2009 | Reference hardware description | Provides hardware designs for demonstrating how to implement the other parts of the standard. | ||
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | Part 10 | ISO/IEC 14496-10| | 2003 | 2009 | (2010) | Advanced Video Coding (AVC) | A codec for video signals which is technically identical to the ITU-T H.264 standard. |
MPEG-4 Part 11 | Part 11 | ISO/IEC 14496-11| | 2005 | 2005 | 2009 | MPEG-4 Part 11>Scene description and application engine | Can be used for rich, interactive content with multiple profiles, including 2D and 3D versions. MPEG-4 Part 11 revised MPEG-4 Part 1 – ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001 and two amendments to MPEG-4 Part 1. It describes a system level description of an application engine (delivery, lifecycle, format and behaviour of downloadable Java (programming language) |
[[MPEG-4 Part 12 | Part 12 | ISO/IEC 14496-12| | 2004 | 2008 | 2009 (2010) | ISO base media file format | 3GP, JPEG 2000#Motion JPEG 2000>Motion JPEG 2000, MPEG-4 Part 14). It is technically identical to ISO/IEC 15444-12 (JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 12). |
Part 13 | ISO/IEC 14496-13| | 2004 | 2004 | Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Extensions | MPEG-4 Part 13 revised an amendment to MPEG-4 Part 1 – ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001/Amd 3:2004. It specifies common Intellectual property | ||
[[MPEG-4 Part 14 | Part 14 | ISO/IEC 14496-14| | 2003 | 2003 | (2010) | MPEG-4 Part 14>MP4 file format | It is also known as "MPEG-4 file format version 2". The designated container file format for MPEG-4 content, which is based on Part 12. It revises and completely replaces Clause 13 of ISO/IEC 14496-1 (MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems), in which the MPEG-4 file format was previously specified. |
Part 15 | ISO/IEC 14496-15| | 2004 | 2004 | 2008 (2010) | Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format | For storage of Part 10 video. File format is based on Part 12, but also allows storage in other file formats. | |
Part 16 | ISO/IEC 14496-16| | 2004 | 2009 | (2010) | Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) | It specifies MPEG-4 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) model for representing 3D Graphics content. MPEG-4 is extended with higher-level synthetic objects for specifying geometry, texture, animation and dedicated compression algorithms. | |
MPEG-4 Part 17 | Part 17 | ISO/IEC 14496-17| | 2006 | 2006 | MPEG-4 Part 17>Streaming text format | Timed Text subtitle format | |
Part 18 | ISO/IEC 14496-18| | 2004 | 2004 | Font compression and streaming | For Open Font Format defined in Part 22. | ||
Part 19 | ISO/IEC 14496-19| | 2004 | 2004 | Synthesized texture stream | Synthesized texture streams are used for creation of very low bitrate synthetic video clips. | ||
MPEG-4 Part 20 | Part 20 | ISO/IEC 14496-20| | 2006 | 2008 | 2009 | MPEG-4 Part 20> Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF) | LASeR requirements (compression efficiency, code and memory footprint) are fulfilled by building upon the existing the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format defined by the World Wide Web Consortium. |
Part 21 | ISO/IEC 14496-21| | 2006 | 2006 | MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions (GFX) | Describes a lightweight programmatic environment for advanced interactive multimedia applications – a framework that marries a subset of the MPEG standard Java application environment (MPEG-J) with a Java API. (at "FCD" stage in July 2005, FDIS January 2006, published as ISO standard on 2006-11-22). | ||
Part 22 | ISO/IEC 14496-22| | 2007 | 2009 | Open Font Format | OFFS is based on the OpenType version 1.4 font format specification, and is technically equivalent to that specification. Reached "CD" stage in July 2005, published as ISO standard in 2007 | ||
Part 23 | ISO/IEC 14496-23| | 2008 | 2008 | Symbolic Music Representation (SMR) | Reached "FCD" stage in October 2006, published as ISO standard in 2008-01-28 | ||
Part 24 | ISO/IEC TR 14496-24| | 2008 | 2008 | Audio and systems interaction | Describes the desired joint behavior of MPEG-4 File Format and MPEG-4 Audio. | ||
Part 25 | ISO/IEC 14496-25| | 2009 | 2009 | 3D Graphics Compression Model | Defines a model for connecting 3D Graphics Compression tools defined in MPEG-4 standards to graphics primitives defined in any other standard or specification. | ||
Part 26 | ISO/IEC 14496-26| | 2010 | 2010 | Audio Conformance | |||
Part 27 | ISO/IEC 14496-27| | 2009 | (2010) | 3D Graphics conformance | 3D Graphics Conformance summarizes the requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how conformance with them can be tested. Guidelines are given on constructing tests to verify decoder conformance. | ||
Part 28 | ISO/IEC CD 14496-28| | Composite font representation | Under development |
Profiles are also defined within the individual "parts", so an implementation of a part is ordinarily not an implementation of an entire part.
MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 are other suites of MPEG standards.
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. bitrate (kbit/s) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. buffer (kbit) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. delay @ max. bitrate (sec) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. VP size (bit) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. VOP size (MB) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. decoder rate (MB/s) | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. framesize @ 30Hz | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. framesize @ 25Hz | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. framesize @ 24Hz | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. framesize @ 15Hz | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
|- | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"| Max. framesize @ 12.5Hz | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #808080;border-left:0.002cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0cm;"|
AT&T; is trying to sue companies such as Apple Inc. over alleged MPEG-4 patent infringement. The terms of Apple's Quicktime 7 license for users describes in paragraph 14 the terms under Apple's existing MPEG-4 System Patent Portfolio license from MPEGLA.
Category:Audio codecs Category:Video codecs Category:MPEG Category:Videotelephony
ar:إم بي إي جي - 4 ca:MPEG-4 cs:MPEG-4 da:MPEG-4 de:MPEG-4 et:MPEG-4 es:MPEG-4 eu:MPEG-4 fr:MPEG-4 ko:MPEG-4 id:MPEG-4 it:MPEG-4 lt:MPEG-4 hu:MPEG-4 ms:MPEG-4 nl:MPEG-4 ja:MPEG-4 pl:MPEG-4 pt:MPEG-4 ru:MPEG-4 simple:MPEG-4 sk:MPEG-4 fi:MPEG-4 sv:MPEG-4 tr:MPEG-4 uk:MPEG-4 vi:MPEG-4 yo:MPEG-4 zh:MPEG-4This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Geri Allen |
---|---|
background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
born | June 12, 1957Pontiac, Michigan United States |
genre | Jazz, Post bop, Blues music, Funk, Gospel |
occupation | MusicianProfessorproducer |
instrument | Piano |
years active | 1982–present |
label | TelarcPolygramStoryvilleBlue NoteMotéma Music |
associated acts | Timeline |
website | www.GeriAllen.com }} |
Allen's own first album, The Printmakers, with Anthony Cox and Andrew Cyrille, from a year earlier, showcased the pianist's more avant-garde tendencies. In 1988 came Etudes, a cooperative trio effort with Charlie Haden and Paul Motian. In 1995, she was the first recipient of Soul Train’s Lady of Soul Award for jazz album of the year for Twenty-One, featuring Tony Williams and Ron Carter, and the first woman, and youngest person to receive the Danish "Jazz Par Prize". Allen continued to push the improvisational envelope with Sound Museum, a 1996 recording made under the leadership of Ornette Coleman. The Gathering followed in 1998. The Life of a Song was recorded with veterans Dave Holland on bass and Jack DeJohnette on drums. Her 2010 album "Flying Toward the Sound" was rated one of the Best Of 2010 on NPR, Downbeat, All About Jazz, and the Village Voice's Jazz Critics' Poll that year."Timeless Portraits and Dreams" featured NEA Jazz Masters Jimmy Cobb and Ron Carter, as well as opera icon George Shirley singing "Lift Every Voice and Sing", saxophonist and mentor Donald Walden, vocalist Carmen Lundy, and the Atlanta Jazz Chorus under the direction of composer/multi-reedist Dwight Andrews.
In 2006, Allen was commissioned to compose "For The Healing Of The Nations" a Sacred Jazz Suite for Voices, written in Tribute to the Victims, Survivors and Their Families of the 9/11 Tragedy. The Suite was performed by Howard University's award winning Afro-Blue Jazz Choir, under direction of Connaitre Miller. Oliver Lake, Craig Harris, Andy Bey, Dwight Andrews, Mary Stallings, Carmen Lundy, Nkeena Freelon, Jay Hoggard, and other jazz greats also participated. The poetry was contributed by Sandra Turner-Barnes.
Geri Allen took part in a documentary film titled "Live Music, Community & Social Conscience" (2007) while performing at the Frog Island Music Festival in Michigan. A documentary film that looks at how music connects us to our humanity, and to each other regardless of borders, politics, culture economics, or religion. Allen contributed original music to the documentary film Beah: A Black Woman Speaks, director Lisa Gay Hamilton, which received a Peabody Award. Also, Allen contributed orchestrations to Andy Bey's "American Song" which was nominated for a Grammy Award. She was the recipient of a 2008 Guggenheim fellowship.Allen's composition "Refractions", was released, in response to her Guggenheim Fellowship in Composition, as "Flying Towards The Sound" along with three short art films by film maker/photographer, Carrie Mae Weems, for Motema Music in 2010. "Geri Allen & Timeline Live" her second recording on Motema, featured bassist Kenny Davis, drummer Kassa Overall and tap dancer Maurice Chestnut, and was released simultaneously with "Flying Toward The Sound".
Allen received the "African-American Classical Music Award" from the Women of the New Jersey Chapter of Spelman College, and also received "A Salute To African-American Women: Phenomenal Woman" from the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., Epsilon Chapter at the University of Michigan, in 2008. Allen received a nomination in 2011 for the NAACP Image Award for Best Jazz Album, "Geri Allen & Timeline Live". She was also nominated for both The 10th Annual Independent Music Awards in 2011 under the Live Performance Album category, and for "Best Jazz Pianist", by the Jazz Journalists Association.
Geri Allen currently teaches as Associate Professor of Jazz & Contemporary Improvisation at the School Of Music Theatre & Dance, at the University Of Michigan.
!Year | !Title | !Genre | !Label |
2011 | A Child Is Born | Jazz/Holiday | Motéma Music |
2010 | Flying Toward the Sound | Jazz | Motéma Music |
2010 | Jazz | Motéma Music | |
2006 | Timeless Portraits and Dreams | Jazz | Telarc |
2004 | The Life of a Song | Jazz | Telarc |
1998 | The Gathering | Jazz | Polygram Records |
1996 | Some Aspects of Water (Live) | Jazz | Storyville |
1996 | Eyes in the Back of Your Head | Jazz | Blue Note |
1994 | Twenty One | Jazz | Blue Note |
1992 | Maroons | Jazz | Blue Note |
1990 | The Nurturer | Jazz | Blue Note |
1990 | Live at The Village Vanguard | Jazz | DIW |
1990 | Open on All Sides in the Middle | Jazz | Polygram |
1989 | Segments | Jazz | DIW |
1989 | In the Year of the Dragon | Jazz | JMT |
1989 | Twylight | Jazz | Polygram |
1985 | Home Grown | Jazz | Minor Music |
1984 | The Printmakers | Jazz | Minor Music |
Category:1957 births Category:African American pianists Category:African American record producers Category:American jazz pianists Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:Howard University alumni Category:Living people Category:People from Detroit, Michigan Category:Post-bop jazz musicians Category:Women in jazz Category:American jazz educators
de:Geri Allen es:Geri Allen fr:Geri AllenThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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