Coordinates	54°5′20″N18°25′10″N
Image size	200px
birth name	Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole
birth date	August 02, 1932
birth place	Location of birth uncertain; either Connemara, County Galway, Ireland or Leeds, Yorkshire, England
occupation	Actor
years active	1954–present
alma mater	Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
nationality	Irish and British
spouse	Siân Phillips (m. 1959–79)
Children	Kate O'Toole (b. 1960) Patricia O'TooleLorcan O'Toole, born on March 17, 1983 }}

Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole (born 2 August 1932) is an Irish actor of stage and screen who achieved stardom in 1962 playing T. E. Lawrence in ''Lawrence of Arabia''. He went on to become a highly-honoured film and stage actor. He has been nominated for eight Academy Awards, and holds the record for most competitive Academy Award acting nominations without a win. He has won four Golden Globes, a BAFTA, and an Emmy, and was the recipient of an Honorary Academy Award in 2003 for his body of work.

Early life

Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole was born in 1932. Some sources give his birthplace as Connemara, County Galway, Ireland, and others as Leeds, in West Riding of Yorkshire, England, where he grew up. O'Toole himself is not certain of his birthplace or date, noting in his autobiography that, while he accepts 2 August as his birthdate, he has a birth certificate from each country, with the Irish one giving a June 1932 birthdate. O'Toole is the son of Constance Jane (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player and racecourse bookmaker. When O'Toole was one year old, his family began a five-year tour of major racecourse towns in Northern England. He was raised Roman Catholic. O'Toole was evacuated from Leeds early in World War II and went to a Catholic school for seven or eight years, where he was "implored" to become right-handed. “I used to be scared stiff of the nuns: their whole denial of womanhood – the black dresses and the shaving of the hair – was so horrible, so terrifying,” he later commented. “Of course, that's all been stopped. They're sipping gin and tonic in the Dublin pubs now, and a couple of them flashed their pretty ankles at me just the other day.”

Upon leaving school O'Toole obtained employment as a trainee journalist and photographer on the ''Yorkshire Evening Post,'' until he was called up for national service as a signaller in the Royal Navy. As reported in a radio interview in 2006 on NPR, he was asked by an officer whether he had something he had always wanted to do. His reply was that he had always wanted to try being either a poet or an actor. O'Toole attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1952 to 1954 on a scholarship after being rejected by the Abbey Theatre's drama school in Dublin by the director Ernest Blythe, because he couldn't speak Irish. At RADA, he was in the same class as Albert Finney, Alan Bates and Brian Bedford. O'Toole described this as "the most remarkable class the academy ever had, though we weren't reckoned for much at the time. We were all considered dotty."

Career

O'Toole began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company, before making his television debut in 1954. He first appeared on film in 1959 in a bit part. O'Toole's major break came when he was chosen to play T. E. Lawrence in David Lean's ''Lawrence of Arabia'' (1962), after Marlon Brando proved unavailable and Albert Finney turned down the role. His performance was ranked number one in ''Premiere'' magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Performances of All Time. The role introduced him to U.S. audiences and earned him the first of his eight nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

O'Toole is one of a handful of actors to be Oscar-nominated for playing the same role in two different films; he played King Henry II in both 1964's ''Becket'' and 1968's ''The Lion in Winter''. O'Toole played Hamlet under Laurence Olivier's direction in the premiere production of the Royal National Theatre in 1963. He has also appeared in Seán O'Casey's ''Juno and the Paycock'' at Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, and fulfilled a lifetime ambition when taking to the stage of the Irish capital's Abbey Theatre in 1970 to perform in Samuel Beckett's ''Waiting for Godot'' alongside Donal McCann. In 1980, he received wide critical acclaim for playing the director in the behind-the-scenes film ''The Stunt Man''. He received good reviews as John Tanner in ''Man and Superman'' and Henry Higgins in ''Pygmalion'', and won a Laurence Olivier Award for his performance in ''Jeffrey Bernard is Unwell'' (1989). O'Toole was nominated for another Oscar for 1982's ''My Favorite Year'', a light romantic comedy about the behind-the-scenes at a 1950s TV variety-comedy show, much like ''Your Show of Shows'', in which O'Toole plays an ageing swashbuckling film star strongly reminiscent (intentionally) of Errol Flynn.

In 1972, he played both Miguel de Cervantes and his fictional creation Don Quixote in ''Man of La Mancha'', the motion picture adaptation of the 1965 smash hit Broadway musical, opposite Sophia Loren. Widely criticised for using mostly non-singing actors and shunned by the public at the time, the film has gone on to become more of a success on videocassette and DVD, though there are those who still find fault with it. O'Toole's singing was dubbed by tenor Simon Gilbert, but the other actors sang their own parts. O'Toole and co-star James Coco, who played both Cervantes's manservant and Sancho Panza, both received Golden Globe nominations for their performances.

O'Toole won an Emmy Award for his role in the 1999 mini-series ''Joan of Arc''. In 2004, O'Toole played King Priam in the summer blockbuster ''Troy''. In 2005, he appeared on television as the older version of legendary 18th century Italian adventurer Giacomo Casanova in the BBC drama serial ''Casanova''. O'Toole's role was mainly to frame the drama, telling the story of his life to serving maid Edith (Rose Byrne). The younger Casanova, seen for most of the action, was played by David Tennant, who had to wear contact lenses to match his brown eyes to O'Toole's blue.

He was once again nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for his portrayal of Maurice in the 2006 film ''Venus'', directed by Roger Michell, his eighth such nomination. Most recently, O'Toole co-starred in the Pixar animated film ''Ratatouille'', an animated film about a rat with dreams of becoming the greatest chef in Paris, as Anton Ego, a food critic. O'Toole appeared in the second season of Showtime's hit drama series ''The Tudors'', portraying Pope Paul III, who excommunicates King Henry VIII from the church; an act that leads to a showdown between the two men in seven of the ten episodes.

Personal life

In a BBC Radio interview in January 2007, O'Toole said that he had studied women for a very long time, had given it his best try, but knew "nothing." In 1959, he married Welsh actress Siân Phillips, with whom he had two daughters: award-winning actress Kate (b. 1960) and Patricia. Peter and Sîan were divorced in 1979. Phillips later revealed in two autobiographies that O'Toole had subjected her to mental cruelty — largely fuelled by drinking — and was subject to bouts of extreme jealousy when she finally left him for a younger lover.

O'Toole and his girlfriend, model Karen Brown, had a son, Lorcan Patrick O'Toole (born 14 March 1983, when O'Toole was fifty years old). Lorcan, now an actor, was a pupil at Harrow School, boarding at West Acre from 1996.

Severe illness almost ended his life in the late 1970s. Owing to his heavy drinking and a digestive defect from birth, he underwent surgery in 1976 to have his pancreas and a large portion of his stomach removed, which resulted in insulin-dependent diabetes. In 1978 he nearly died from a blood disorder. O'Toole eventually recovered and returned to work, although he found it harder to get parts in films, resulting in more work for television and occasional stage roles. However, he did appear in 1987's much-garlanded ''The Last Emperor''. He has resided in Clifden, County Galway, Ireland since 1963 and at the height of his career maintained homes in Dublin, London and Paris (at The Ritz which was the hotel where he was supposedly staying in the film ''How to Steal a Million''), but now keeps only his home in the Hampstead area of London. While studying at RADA in the early 1950s he was active in protesting against British involvement in the Korean War. Later, in the 1960s, he was an active opponent of the Vietnam War.

He is perhaps the only one of his "London" acting contemporaries not to be knighted. However, according to London's ''Daily Mail'', he was offered a knighthood or honorary knighthood in 1987, but turned it down for personal and political reasons.

In an interview with National Public Radio in December 2006, O'Toole revealed that he knows all 154 of Shakespeare's sonnets. A self-described romantic, O'Toole regards the sonnets as among the finest collection of English poems, reading them daily. In the movie ''Venus,'' he recites Sonnet 18, ''"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer's Day."'' O'Toole has written two memoirs. ''Loitering With Intent: The Child'' chronicles his childhood in the years leading up to World War II and was a ''New York Times'' Notable Book of the Year in 1992. His second, ''Loitering With Intent: The Apprentice,'' is about his years spent training with a cadre of friends at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. The books have been praised by critics such as Charles Champlin of the ''Los Angeles Times'', who wrote: "A cascade of language, a rumbling tumbling riot of words, a pub soliloquy to an invisible but imaginable audience, and the more captivating for it. O'Toole as raconteur is grand company." O'Toole spent parts of 2007 writing his third installment. This book will have (as he described it) "the meat," meaning highlights from his stage and filmmaking career.

O'Toole is a noted fan of rugby union, and used to attend Five Nations matches with friends and fellow rugby fans Richard Harris, Kenneth Griffith, Peter Finch and Richard Burton. (O'Toole, Harris and Burton have a combined 17 Oscar nominations.) He is also a lifelong player, coach and enthusiast of cricket. O'Toole is licensed to teach and coach cricket to children as young as ten.

O'Toole has been interviewed at least three times by Charlie Rose on ''The Charlie Rose Show.'' In the 17 January 2007 interview, O'Toole said that Eric Porter was the actor who had most influenced him. He also said that the difference between actors of yesterday and today is that actors of his generation were trained for "theatre, theatre, theatre." He also believes that the challenge for the actor is "to use his imagination to link to his emotion" and that "good parts make good actors." However, in other venues (including the DVD commentary for ''Becket''), O'Toole has also credited Donald Wolfit as being his most important mentor. In an appearance on ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'' on 11 January 2007, O'Toole said that the actor he most enjoyed working with was Katharine Hepburn, his close friend, with whom he played Henry II to her Eleanor of Aquitaine in ''The Lion in Winter.''

O'Toole remains close friends with his ''Lawrence of Arabia'' co-star Omar Sharif and his RADA classmate Albert Finney.

O'Toole is a fan of Sunderland A.F.C., as he told Chris Evans on an episode of ''TFI Friday,'' dated Friday, October 11, 1996. The allegiance may well have lapsed. Coincidentally, however, the mother of T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia, was born in Sunderland.

Although he lost faith in organised religion as a teenager, O'Toole has expressed positive sentiments regarding the life of Jesus Christ. In an interview for The New York Times, he said 'No one can take Jesus away from me...there’s no doubt there was a historical figure of tremendous importance, with enormous notions. Such as peace.' Earlier in the interview, he announced 'I am a retired Christian'.

Academy Award nominations

O'Toole has been nominated eight times for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, making him the most-nominated actor never to win the award.

! Year	! Film	! Winner	! Also Nominated
			Burt Lancaster – ''Birdman of Alcatraz (film)
			[[Richard Burton – ''Becket (1964 film)
		[[Cliff Robertson – ''Charly''	Alan Arkin – ''The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter''Alan Bates – ''The Fixer''Ron Moody – ''Oliver!''
			Richard Burton – ''Anne of the Thousand Days''Dustin Hoffman – ''Midnight Cowboy''Jon Voight – ''Midnight Cowboy''
	''The Ruling Class''	Marlon Brando – ''The Godfather'' (declined)	Michael Caine – ''Sleuth''Laurence Olivier – ''Sleuth''Paul Winfield – ''Sounder''
	''The Stunt Man''	Robert De Niro – ''Raging Bull''	Robert Duvall – ''The Great Santini''John Hurt – ''The Elephant Man (film)
	''[[My Favorite Year''
			Leonardo DiCaprio – ''Blood Diamond (film)

In 2003, the Academy honoured him with an The Charlie Rose Show'' in January 2007, his children admonished him, saying that it was the highest honour one could receive in the filmmaking industry. O'Toole agreed to appear at the ceremony and receive his Honorary Oscar. It was presented to him by Meryl Streep, who has the most Oscar nominations of any actress (16). However, his old friend Kenneth Griffith was bitterly disappointed that he had belittled himself to accept such a "ridiculous award."

Filmography

Stage appearances

1955–1958 Bristol Old Vic

''King Lear'' (1956) (Cornwall)

''The Recruiting Officer'' (1956) (Bullock)

''Major Barbara'' (1956) (Peter Shirley)

''Othello'' (1956) (Lodovico)

''Pygmalion'' (1957) (Henry Higgins)

''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' (1957) (Lysander)

''Look Back in Anger'' (1957) (Jimmy Porter)

''Man and Superman'' (1958) (Tanner)

''Hamlet'' (1958) (Hamlet)

''Amphitryon '38'' (1958) (Jupiter)

''Waiting for Godot'' (1957) (Vladimir)

1959 Royal Court Theatre

''The Long and the Short and the Tall'' (Bamforth)

1960 Royal Shakespeare Company, Stratford

''The Taming of the Shrew'' (Petruchio)

''The Merchant of Venice'' (Shylock)

''Troilus and Cressida'' (Thersites)

1963 National Theatre

''Hamlet'' (title role) directed by Laurence Olivier

1963–1965

''Baal'' (Phoenix Theatre, 1963) (Baal)

''Ride a Cock Horse'' (Piccadilly Theatre, 1965)

1966 Gaiety Theatre, Dublin

''Juno and the Paycock'' (Jack Boyle)

''Man and Superman'' (Tanner)

1969 Abbey Theatre, Dublin

''Waiting for Godot'' (Vladimir)

1973–1974 Bristol Old Vic

''Uncle Vanya'' (Vanya)

''Plunder''

''The Apple Cart'' (King Magnus)

''Judgement'' (monologue)

1978 Toronto, Washington and Chicago

''Uncle Vanya'' (Vanya)

''Present Laughter'' (Gary Essendine)

''Caligula (film)'' (Tiberius)

1980–1999

''Macbeth'' (1980) (Macbeth) (Old Vic Theatre)

''Man and Superman'' (Theatre Royal, Haymarket)

''Pygmalion'' (Professor Higgins) (Shaftesbury Theatre, 1984, Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford, and Plymouth Theatre, New York, 1987)

''The Apple Cart'' (Theatre Royal Haymarket, 1986)

''Jeffrey Bernard is Unwell'' (Apollo Theatre, 1989, Shaftesbury Theatre, 1991 and Old Vic, 1999)

''Our Song'' (Apollo Theatre, 1992).

2008

''The Tudors" (Ireland, 2008)

References

External links

"Peter O'Toole as Casanova"

University of Bristol Theatre Collection, University of Bristol

The Making of ''Lawrence of Arabia'', Digitised BAFTA Journal, Winter 1962-3. With additional notes by Bryan Hewitt

Category:1932 births Category:Living people Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:English film actors Category:English stage actors Category:English television actors Category:English people of Irish descent Category:English people of Scottish descent Category:Irish people of Scottish descent Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Irish film actors Category:Irish stage actors Category:Irish television actors Category:People from County Galway Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Category:Royal National Theatre Company members Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members Category:Shakespearean actors

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Coordinates	54°5′20″N18°25′10″N
name	David Letterman
pseudonym	Earl Hofert
birth date	April 12, 1947
birth place	Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
medium	Stand-up, talk show
nationality	American
genre	Observational comedy, surreal humor, deadpan
subject	Self-deprecation, everyday life
influences	Steve Allen, Johnny Carson, Jack Paar, Paul Dixon
influenced
website	CBS.com/latenight/lateshow
active	1974–present
domesticpartner	Regina Lasko (1986-2009)
spouse	Michelle Cook (1969–1977)Regina Lasko (2009–present)
Religion	Lutheran
notable work	Host of ''Late Night with David Letterman'' (NBC)Host of ''Late Show with David Letterman'' (CBS)
signature	David Letterman Autograph.svg

}} David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host and comedian. He hosts the late night television talk show, ''Late Show with David Letterman'', broadcast on CBS. Letterman has been a fixture on late night television since the 1982 debut of ''Late Night with David Letterman'' on NBC. Only Letterman's friend and mentor Johnny Carson had a longer late-night hosting career in the United States.

Letterman is also a television and film producer. His company Worldwide Pants produces his show as well as its network follow-up ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''. Worldwide Pants has also produced several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was ''Everybody Loves Raymond'', currently in syndication.

In 1996, David Letterman was ranked #45 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.

Early life and career

Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His father, Harry Joseph Letterman (April 1915 – February 1973), was a florist of British descent; his mother Dorothy Letterman (''née'' Hofert, now Dorothy Mengering), a Presbyterian church secretary of German descent, is an occasional figure on the show, usually at holidays and birthdays.

Letterman lived on the north side of Indianapolis (Broad Ripple area), not far from Speedway, IN, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and he enjoyed collecting model cars, including racers. In 2000, he told an interviewer for ''Esquire'' that, while growing up, he admired his father's ability to tell jokes and be the life of the party. Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up. The elder Letterman died of a second heart attack at age 57.

Letterman attended his hometown's Broad Ripple High School at the same time as Marilyn Tucker Quayle (wife of the former Vice President) and worked as a stock boy at the local Atlas supermarket. According to the ''Ball State Daily News'', he originally had wanted to attend Indiana University, but his grades weren't good enough, so he decided to attend Ball State University, in Muncie, Indiana. He is a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, and he graduated from what was then the Department of Radio and Television, in 1969. A self-described average student, Letterman endowed a scholarship for what he called "C students" at Ball State.

Though he registered for the draft and passed his physical after graduating from college, he was not drafted for service in Vietnam due to receiving a draft lottery number of 352 (out of 365).

Letterman began his broadcasting career as an announcer and newscaster at the college's student-run radio station—WBST—a 10-watt campus station which now is part of Indiana Public Radio. He was fired for treating classical music with irreverence.

Letterman then became involved with the founding of another campus station—WAGO-AM 570 (now WWHI, 91.3).

Letterman credits Paul Dixon—host of the ''Paul Dixon Show'', a Cincinnati-based talk show also shown in Indianapolis while Letterman was growing up—for inspiring his choice of career: :"I was just out of college [in 1969], and I really didn't know what I wanted to do. And then all of a sudden I saw him doing it [on TV]. And I thought: That's really what I want to do!"

Weatherman

Letterman began his career as a radio talk show host on WNTS (AM), and on Indianapolis television station WLWI (now called WTHR) as a local anchor and weatherman. He received some attention for his unpredictable on-air behavior, which included congratulating a tropical storm for being upgraded to a hurricane and predicting hail stones "the size of canned hams." He would also occasionally report the weather and the day's very high and low temps for fictitious cities ("Eight inches of snow in Bingree and surrounding areas.") while on another occasion saying that a state border had been erased. ("From space you can see the border between Indiana and Ohio has been erased. I'm not in favor of this.") He also starred in a local kiddie show, made wisecracks as host of a late night TV show called "Freeze-Dried Movies" (he once acted out a scene from "Godzilla" using plastic dinosaurs), and hosted a talk show that aired early on Saturday mornings called "Clover Power," in which he interviewed 4-H members about their projects.

In 1971, Letterman appeared as a pit road reporter for ABC Sports' tape-delayed coverage of the Indianapolis 500. David is initially introduced as Chris Economaki in his job as a corner reporter. He interviews Mario Andretti who has just crashed out of the race and asks him a question about traffic on the course.

Move to Los Angeles

In 1975, encouraged by his then-wife Michelle and several of his Sigma Chi fraternity brothers, Letterman moved to Los Angeles, California, with hope of becoming a comedy writer. He started off by writing material for comedian Jimmie Walker. He also began performing stand-up comedy at The Comedy Store, a proving ground for unknown comics.

Letterman appeared in the summer of 1977 on the short-lived ''Starland Vocal Band Show''. He has since joked about how fortunate he was that nobody would ever see his performance on the program (due to its low ratings).

Letterman had a stint as a cast member on Mary Tyler Moore's variety show, ''Mary''; a guest appearance on ''Mork & Mindy'' (as a parody of EST leader Werner Erhard); and appearances on game shows such as ''The $20,000 Pyramid'', ''The Gong Show'', ''Password Plus'' and ''Liar's Club''. He also hosted a 1977 pilot for a game show entitled ''The Riddlers'' that was never picked up. He was also screen tested for the lead role in ''Airplane!'', a role that eventually went to Robert Hays.

His dry, sarcastic humor caught the attention of scouts for ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'', and Letterman was soon a regular guest on the show. Letterman became a favorite of Carson's and was a regular guest host for the show beginning in 1978. Letterman credits Carson as the person who influenced his career the most.

NBC

Morning show

On June 23, 1980, Letterman was given his own morning comedy show on NBC, ''The David Letterman Show''. It was originally 90 minutes long, but was shortened to 60 minutes in August 1980. The show was a critical success, winning two Emmy Awards, but was a ratings disappointment and was canceled in October 1980.

''Late Night with David Letterman''

NBC kept Letterman under contract to try him in a different time slot. ''Late Night with David Letterman'' debuted February 1, 1982; the first guest on the first show was Bill Murray. Murray also guested on January 31, 2012 - 30 years later. The show ran Monday through Thursday at 12:30 a.m. Eastern Time, immediately following ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' (a Friday night broadcast was added in June 1987. It was seen as being edgy and unpredictable, and soon developed a cult following (particularly among college students). Letterman's reputation as an acerbic interviewer was borne out in verbal sparring matches with Cher (who even called him an asshole on the show), Shirley MacLaine, Charles Grodin, and Madonna. The show also featured comedy segments and running characters, in a style heavily influenced by the 1950s and '60s programs of Steve Allen. Although Ernie Kovacs is often cited as an influence on the show, Letterman has denied this.

The show often featured quirky, genre-mocking regular features, including "Stupid Pet Tricks", dropping various objects off the roof of a five-story building, demonstrations of unorthodox clothing (such as suits made of Alka-Seltzer, Velcro and suet), a recurring Top 10 list, the Monkey-Cam (and the Audience Cam), and a facetious letter-answering segment. The Top 10 list, several "Film[s] by My Dog Bob" in which a camera was mounted on Letterman's own dog (often with comic results), Stupid Human Tricks, Small Town News, and Stupid Pet Tricks (which had its origins on Letterman's morning show) all eventually moved with Letterman to CBS.

Other memorable moments included Letterman using a bullhorn to interrupt a live interview on ''The Today Show'', announcing that he was the NBC president while not wearing any pants; interrupting Al Roker on WNBC-TV's broadcast of ''Live at Five'' by walking into their studio (which occupied the same floor of 30 Rockefeller Plaza as Letterman's studio); and staging "elevator races", complete with commentary by NBC Sports' Bob Costas. In one infamous appearance, in 1982, Andy Kaufman (who was already wearing a neck brace) appeared to be slapped and knocked to the ground by professional wrestler Jerry Lawler (though Lawler and Kaufman's friend Bob Zmuda later revealed that the event was staged.) In another memorable exchange, sex expert Dr. Ruth Westheimer included cucumbers in a list of handy sex objects that women could find at home. The following night, guest Ted Koppel asked Letterman "May I insert something here?" and Dave responded "OK, as long as it's not a cucumber."

''Late Show with David Letterman''

In 1992, Johnny Carson retired, and many fans believed that Letterman would become host of ''The Tonight Show''. When NBC instead gave the job to Jay Leno, Letterman departed NBC to host his own late-night show on CBS, opposite ''The Tonight Show'' at 11:30 p.m., called the ''Late Show with David Letterman''. The new show debuted on August 30, 1993 and was taped at the historic Ed Sullivan Theater, where Ed Sullivan taped his eponymous variety series from 1948 to 1971. For Letterman's arrival, CBS spent $8 million in renovations. In addition to that cost, CBS also signed Letterman to a lucrative three-year, $14 million/year contract, doubling his ''Late Night'' salary. The total cost for everything (renovations, negotiation right paid to NBC, signing Letterman, announcer Bill Wendell, Shaffer, the writers and the band) was over $140 million.

But while the expectation was that Letterman would retain his unique style and sense of humor with the move, ''Late Show'' was not an exact replica of his old NBC program. Recognizing the more formal mood (and wider audience) of his new time slot and studio, Letterman eschewed his trademark blazer with khaki pants and white sneakers wardrobe combination in favor of expensive shoes, tailored suits and light-colored socks. The monologue was lengthened and Paul Shaffer and the "World's Most Dangerous Band" followed Letterman to CBS, but they added a brass section and were rebranded the "CBS Orchestra" as a short monologue and a small band were mandated by Carson while Letterman occupied the 12:30 slot. Additionally, because of intellectual property disagreements, Letterman was unable to import many of his ''Late Night'' segments verbatim, but he sidestepped this problem by simply renaming them (the "Top Ten List" became the "Late Show Top Ten", "Viewer Mail" became the "CBS Mailbag", etc.)

Popularity

The main competitor of ''The Late Show'' is NBC's ''The Tonight Show'', which was hosted by Jay Leno for nearly 16 years, but from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, was hosted by Conan O'Brien. In 1993 and 1994, ''The Late Show'' consistently gained higher ratings than ''Tonight''. But in 1995, ratings dipped and Leno's show consistently beat Letterman's in the ratings; Leno typically attracted about 5 million nightly viewers between 1999 and 2009. ''The Late Show'' lost nearly half its audience during its competition with Leno, attracting 7.1 million viewers nightly in its 1993–94 season and about 3.8 million per night as of Leno's departure in 2009. In the final months of his first stint as host of ''The Tonight Show'', Leno beat Letterman in the ratings by a 1.3 million viewer margin (5.2 million to 3.9 million), and ''Nightline'' and ''The Late Show'' were virtually tied. Once O'Brien took over ''Tonight'', however, Letterman closed the gap in the ratings. O'Brien initially drove the median age of ''Tonight Show'' viewers from 55 to 45, with most older viewers opting to watch ''The Late Show'' instead.

Following Leno's return to ''The Tonight Show'', however, Leno has regained his lead.

Letterman's shows have garnered both critical and industry praise, receiving 67 Emmy Award nominations, winning 12 times in his first 20 years in late night television. From 1993–2009, Letterman ranked higher than Leno in the annual Harris Poll of ''Nation's Favorite TV Personality'' 12 times. For example, in 2003 and 2004 Letterman ranked second in that poll, behind only Oprah Winfrey, a year that Leno was ranked fifth. Leno was higher than Letterman on that poll three times during the same period, in 1998, 2007, and 2008.

Hosting the Academy Awards

On March 27, 1995, Letterman acted as the host for the 67th Academy Awards ceremony. Critics blasted Letterman for what they deemed a poor hosting of the Oscars, noting that his irreverent style undermined the traditional importance and glamor of the event. In a joke about their unusual names (inspired by a similar joke by Woody Allen), he started off by introducing Uma Thurman to Oprah Winfrey, and then the both of them to Keanu Reeves: "Oprah...Uma. Uma...Oprah," "Have you kids met Keanu?" This and many of his other jokes fell flat. Although Letterman attracted the highest ratings to the annual telecast since 1983, many felt that the bad publicity garnered by Letterman's hosting caused a decline in the ''Late Show'''s ratings.

Letterman recycled the apparent debacle into a long-running gag. On his first show after the Oscars, he joked, "Looking back, I had no idea that thing was being televised." He lampooned his stint two years later, during Billy Crystal's opening Oscar skit, which also parodied the plane-crashing scenes from that year's chief nominated film, ''The English Patient''.

For years afterward, Letterman recounted his hosting the Oscars, although the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences continued to hold Letterman in high regard and they had invited him to host the Oscars again. On September 7, 2010, he made an appearance on the premiere of the 14th season of ''The View'', and confirmed that he had been considered for hosting again.

Heart surgery hiatus

On January 14, 2000, a routine check-up revealed that an artery in Letterman's heart was severely obstructed. He was rushed to emergency surgery for a quintuple bypass.

During the initial weeks of his recovery, reruns of the ''Late Show'' were shown and introduced by friends of Letterman including Drew Barrymore, including Dr. O. Wayne Isom and physician Louis Aronne, who frequently appears on the show. In a show of emotion, Letterman was nearly in tears as he thanked the health care team with the words "These are the people who saved my life!" The episode earned an Emmy nomination. For a number of episodes, Letterman continued to crack jokes about his bypass, including saying, "Bypass surgery: it's when doctors surgically create new blood flow to your heart. A bypass is what happened to me when I didn't get ''The Tonight Show!'' It's a whole different thing." In a later running gag he lobbied his home state of Indiana to rename the freeway circling Indianapolis (I-465) "The David Letterman Bypass." He also featured a montage of faux news coverage of his bypass surgery, which included a clip of Dave's heart for sale on the Home Shopping Network. Letterman became friends with his doctors and nurses. In 2008, a ''Rolling Stone'' interview stated "he hosted a doctor and nurse who'd helped perform the emergency quintuple-bypass heart surgery that saved his life in 2000. 'These are people who were complete strangers when they opened my chest,' he says. 'And now, eight years later, they're among my best friends.' "

Additionally, Letterman invited the band Foo Fighters to play "Everlong", introducing them as "my favorite band, playing my favorite song." During a later Foo Fighters appearance, Letterman said that Foo Fighters had been in the middle of a South American tour which they canceled to come play on his comeback episode.

Letterman again handed over the reins of the show to several guest hosts (including Bill Cosby, Brad Garrett, Elvis Costello, John McEnroe, Vince Vaughn, Will Ferrell, Bonnie Hunt, Luke Wilson and bandleader Paul Shaffer) in February 2003, when he was diagnosed with a severe case of shingles. Later that year, Letterman made regular use of guest hosts—including Tom Arnold and Kelsey Grammer—for new shows broadcast on Fridays. In March 2007, Adam Sandler—who had been scheduled to be the lead guest—served as a guest host while Letterman was ill with a stomach virus.

Re-signing with CBS

In March 2002, as Letterman's contract with CBS neared expiration, ABC offered him the time slot for long-running news program ''Nightline'' with Ted Koppel. Letterman was interested as he believed he could never match Leno's ratings at CBS due to Letterman's complaint of weaker lead-ins from the network's late local news programs, but was reluctant to replace Koppel. Letterman addressed his decision to re-sign on the air, stating that he was content at CBS and that he had great respect for Koppel.

On December 4, 2006, CBS revealed that Letterman signed a new contract to host ''The Late Show with David Letterman'' through the fall of 2010. "I'm thrilled to be continuing on at CBS," said Letterman. "At my age you really don't want to have to learn a new commute." Letterman further joked about the subject by pulling up his right pants leg, revealing a tattoo, presumably temporary, of the ABC logo.

"Thirteen years ago, David Letterman put CBS late night on the map and in the process became one of the defining icons of our network," said Leslie Moonves, president and CEO of CBS Corporation. "His presence on our air is an ongoing source of pride, and the creativity and imagination that the ''Late Show'' puts forth every night is an ongoing display of the highest quality entertainment. We are truly honored that one of the most revered and talented entertainers of our time will continue to call CBS 'home.'"

According to a 2007 article in ''Forbes'' magazine, Letterman earned $40 million a year. A 2009 article in ''The New York Times'', however, said his salary was estimated at $32 million per year. In June 2009, Letterman's Worldwide Pants and CBS reached agreement to continue the ''Late Show'' until at least August 2012. The previous contract had been set to expire in 2010, and the two-year extension is shorter than the typical three-year contract period negotiated in the past. Worldwide Pants agreed to lower its fee for the show, though it had remained a "solid moneymaker for CBS" under the previous contract.

On the February 3, 2011, edition of the ''Late Show'', during an interview with Howard Stern, Letterman said he would continue to do his talk show for "maybe two years, I think."

2007–2008 writers' strike

The Late Show went off air for eight weeks during the months of November and December because of the Writers Guild of America strike. Letterman's production company—Worldwide Pants—was the first company to make an individual agreement with the WGA, thus allowing his show to come back on air on January 2, 2008. On his first episode since being off air, he surprised the viewing audience with his newly grown beard, which signified solidarity with the strike. His beard was shaved off during the show on January 7, 2008.

Letterman and Carson

NBC's decision to select Jay Leno and not Letterman to succeed Johnny Carson as host of ''The Tonight Show'' was an embarrassment to Carson, who had all but promised the succession to Letterman. Letterman maintained a close relationship with Carson through his break with NBC. Three years after he left for CBS, HBO produced a made-for-television movie called ''The Late Shift'', based on a book by ''New York Times'' reporter Bill Carter, chronicling the battle between Letterman and Leno for the coveted ''Tonight Show'' hosting spot. Letterman would mock the film for months afterward, specifically on how the actor playing him, John Michael Higgins, did not resemble him in the least. ("They took a guy who looked nothing like me and with make-up and special camera angles, turned him into a guy who looked nothing like me, with red hair.")

Carson later made a few cameo appearances as a guest on Letterman's show. Carson's final television appearance came May 13, 1994, on a ''Late Show'' episode taped in Los Angeles, when he made a surprise appearance during a 'Top 10 list' segment. The audience went wild as Letterman stood up and proudly invited Carson to sit at his desk. The applause was so protracted that Carson was unable to say anything, and he finally returned backstage as the applause continued (it was later explained that Carson had laryngitis, though Carson can be heard talking to Letterman during his appearance).

In early 2005, it was revealed that Carson still kept up with current events and late-night TV right up to his death that year, and that he occasionally sent jokes to Letterman, who used these jokes in his monologue; according to CBS senior vice president Peter Lassally (a onetime producer for both men), Carson got "a big kick out of it." Letterman would do a characteristic Johnny Carson golf swing after delivering one of Carson's jokes. In a tribute to Carson, all of the opening monologue jokes during the first show following Carson's death were written by Carson.

Lassally also claimed that Carson had always believed Letterman, not Leno, to be his "rightful successor." Letterman also frequently employs some of Carson's trademark bits on his show, including "Carnac the Magnificent" (with Paul Shaffer as Carnac), "Stump the Band" and the "Week in Review."

Letterman and Oprah Winfrey

On September 10, 2007, Letterman made his first appearance on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' at Madison Square Garden in New York City. He shared pictures of his son and live-in girlfriend. The so-called feud between Letterman and Winfrey apparently ended in 2005 when Winfrey appeared on CBS's ''Late Show with David Letterman'' on December 2, in an event Letterman jokingly referred to as "the Super Bowl of Love". Winfrey had previously appeared on Letterman's show when he was hosting NBC's ''Late Night'' on May 2, 1989.

Winfrey and Letterman also appeared together in a Late Show promo that aired during CBS's coverage of Super Bowl XLI in February 2007, with the two sitting next to each other on the couch watching the game. Since the game was played between the Indianapolis Colts and Chicago Bears, the Indianapolis-born Letterman wears a Peyton Manning jersey, while Winfrey—who tapes her show in Chicago—is in a Brian Urlacher jersey. Three years later, during CBS's coverage of Super Bowl XLIV, the two appeared again, this time with Winfrey sitting on a couch between Letterman and Jay Leno. The appearance was Letterman's idea: Leno flew to New York City in an NBC corporate jet, sneaking into the Ed Sullivan Theater during the ''Late Show'''s February 4 taping wearing a disguise, meeting Winfrey and Letterman at a living room set created in the theater's balcony where they taped their promo.

Response to Internet death threat

On August 17, 2011, it was reported that a Muslim militant had posted a death threat against Letterman on a website frequented by Al-Qaeda supporters, calling on American Muslims to kill Letterman for making a joke about the death of an Al-Qaeda leader killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011. In his show on August 22, Letterman joked about the threat, saying "State Department authorities are looking into this. They're not taking this lightly. They’re looking into it. They're questioning, they're interrogating, there's an electronic trail — but everybody knows it's Leno."

Appearances in other media

Letterman appeared in issue 239 of the Marvel comic book ''The Avengers'', in which the title characters are guests on ''Late Night''. A parody of Letterman, named "David Endochrine," is gassed to death along with his bandleader named "Paul" and their audience in Frank Miller's ''The Dark Knight Returns''.

Letterman appeared in the pilot episode of the short-lived 1986 series "Coach Toast", and he appears with a bag over his head as a guest on Bonnie Hunt's ca. 1993 sitcom ''The Building''. He also appears in The Simpsons, as himself in a couch gag when The Simpsons find themselves (and the couch) in "Late Night with David Letterman." He had a cameo in the feature film ''Cabin Boy'', with Chris Elliott, who worked as a writer on Letterman's show. In this and other appearances, Letterman is listed in the credits as "Earl Hofert", the name of Letterman's maternal grandfather. He also appeared as himself in the Howard Stern biopic Private Parts as well as the 1999 Andy Kaufman biopic ''Man on the Moon'', in a few episodes of Garry Shandling's 1990s TV series ''The Larry Sanders Show'' and in "The Abstinence", a 1996 episode of the sitcom ''Seinfeld''. Letterman also made an uncredited appearance in the first episode of the third season of the sitcom The Nanny.

Letterman provided vocals for the Warren Zevon song "Hit Somebody" from ''My Ride's Here'', and provided the voice for Butt-head's father in the 1996 animated film ''Beavis and Butt-head Do America''.

In 2010, a documentary ''Dying to Do Letterman'' was released directed by Joke Fincioen and Biagio Messina featuring Steve Mazan, a stand up comic, who has cancer and wants to appear on the Letterman Show. The film won Best Documentary and Jury Awards at the Cinequest Film Festival. Steve Mazan published a same-titled book (full title, ''Dying to Do Letterman: Turning Someday into Today'' about his own saga.

Other projects

Worldwide Pants

Letterman started his own production company—Worldwide Pants Incorporated—which produced his show and several others, including ''Everybody Loves Raymond'', ''The Late Late Show'', and several critically acclaimed, but short-lived television series for Bonnie Hunt. Worldwide Pants also produced the dramedy program ''Ed'', which aired on NBC from 2000–2004. It was Letterman's first association with NBC since he left the network in 1993. During ''Ed's'' run, the star, Tom Cavanagh, appeared as a guest on ''The Late Show'' several times.

In 2005, Worldwide Pants produced its first feature film, ''Strangers with Candy'', which was a prequel to the Comedy Central TV series of the same title. In 2007, Worldwide Pants produced the ABC comedy series, ''Knights of Prosperity''.

Worldwide Pants made significant news in December 2007 when it was announced that Letterman's company had independently negotiated its own contract with the Writers Guild of America, East, thus allowing Letterman, Craig Ferguson, and their writers to return to work, while the union continued its strike against production companies, networks and studios who had not reached an agreement.

Record company

In late April 2010, several music industry websites reported that Letterman started a record label named Clear Entertainment/C.E. Music and signed his first artist, Runner Runner. Lucy Walsh announced on her MySpace page that she has been signed by Letterman and Clear Entertainment/C.E. Music and is working on her album.

Rahal Letterman Racing

Rahal Letterman Racing (RLR) is an auto racing team that currently races in the American Le Mans Series, and part-time in the Indy Racing League. It is co-owned by 1986 Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal and Letterman himself, and is based in Hilliard, Ohio. The team won the 2004 Indianapolis 500 with driver Buddy Rice. Letterman was a pit reporter for ABC in the 1971 Indianapolis 500.

American Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming

American Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming is Letterman's private foundation. Through it, Letterman has donated millions of dollars to charities and other non-profits in Indiana and Montana, celebrity-affiliated organizations such as Paul Newman's Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, universities such as Ball State, and other organizations such as the American Cancer Society, Salvation Army, and Doctors Without Borders.

Personal life

Marriages and long-term relationships

In 1969, Letterman married Michelle Cook; the marriage ended by divorce in 1977. He also had a long-term relationship with former head writer and producer on ''Late Night'', Merrill Markoe. In fact, Markoe was the mind behind several ''Late Night'' staples, such as "Stupid Pet/Human Tricks".

Letterman has a son, Harry Joseph Letterman (born on November 3, 2003), with Regina Lasko. Harry is named after Letterman's father. In 2005, police discovered a plot to kidnap Harry Letterman and ransom him for $5 million. Kelly Frank, a house painter who had worked for Letterman, was charged in the conspiracy.

Letterman and Lasko, who had been together since 1986, wed on March 19, 2009, during a quiet courthouse civil ceremony in Choteau, Montana, where he purchased a ranch in 1999. Letterman announced the marriage during the taping of his March 23 show, shortly after congratulating Bruce Willis for getting married the previous week. Letterman told the audience he nearly missed the ceremony because his truck became stuck in mud two miles from their house. The family resides in North Salem, New York, on a estate.

Stalking incidents

Beginning in May 1988, Letterman was stalked by Margaret Mary Ray, a woman suffering from schizophrenia. She once stole his Porsche, repeatedly broke into his house, and camped out on his tennis court. Her exploits drew national attention, and Letterman occasionally joked about her behavior in his show, although never mentioning her name. After she committed suicide in 1998, Letterman told the ''New York Times'' that he had had great compassion for her, and publicly expressed sympathy.

Extortion attempt and revelation of affairs

On his October 1, 2009, show, Letterman announced that he had been the victim of an extortion attempt by someone threatening to reveal that he had had sex with several of his female employees, confirming the relationships. He stated that three weeks earlier (on September 9, 2009) someone had left a package in his car with material he said he would write into a screenplay and a book if Letterman did not pay him $2 million. Letterman said that he contacted the Manhattan District Attorney's office, ultimately cooperating with them to conduct a sting operation involving giving the man a phony check. Subsequently, Robert J. "Joe" Halderman, a producer of the CBS true crime journalism series ''48 Hours'', was arrested after trying to deposit the check. He was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury and pleaded not guilty to a charge of attempted grand larceny on October 2, 2009. Eventually, on March 9, 2010, he pleaded guilty to this same felony and served a 6-month jail sentence, followed by probation and community service.

A central figure in the case and one of the women Letterman had had a sexual relationship with was his longtime personal assistant Stephanie Birkitt who often appeared with him in his show. She had also worked for ''48 Hours''. Until a month prior to the revelations she had shared a residence with Halderman, who allegedly had copied her personal diary and used it, along with private emails, in the blackmail package.

On October 3, 2009, a former CBS employee, Holly Hester, announced that she and Letterman had engaged in a year-long "secret" affair in the early 1990s while she was his intern and a student at New York University.

In the days following the initial announcement of the affairs and the arrest, several prominent women, including Kathie Lee Gifford, co-host of NBC's ''Today Show'', and NBC news anchor Ann Curry questioned whether Letterman's affairs with subordinates created an unfair working environment. A spokesman for Worldwide Pants said that the company's sexual harassment policy did not prohibit sexual relationships between managers and employees. According to business news reporter Eve Tahmincioglu, "CBS suppliers are supposed to follow the company's business conduct policies" and the CBS 2008 Business Conduct Statement states that "If a consenting romantic or sexual relationship between a supervisor and a direct or indirect subordinate should develop, CBS requires the supervisor to disclose this information to his or her Company's Human Resources Department..."

On October 5, 2009, Letterman devoted a segment of his show to a public apology to his wife and staff. Three days later, Worldwide Pants announced that Birkitt had been placed on a "paid leave of absence" from the ''Late Show''. On October 15, CBS News announced that the company's Chief Investigative Correspondent, Armen Keteyian, had been assigned to conduct an "in-depth investigation" into Halderman's blackmail of Letterman.

Awards and honors

Awards

In his capacities as either a writer, producer, performer, or as part of a writing team, Letterman is among the most nominated people in Emmy Award history with 52 nominations, winning two Daytime Emmys and five Primetime Emmys since 1981. His nomination record is second only to producer Jac Venza, who holds the record for the most Emmy nominations for an individual (57). Letterman has been nominated every year since 1984, when he first appeared on late night television as the host of ''Late Night with David Letterman.'' Additionally, he has won four American Comedy Awards. Letterman was the first recipient of the Johnny Carson Award for Comedic Excellence at The Comedy Awards in 2011.

David Letterman Communication and Media Building

On September 7, 2007, Letterman visited his alma mater, Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, for the dedication of a communications facility named in his honor for his dedication to the university throughout his career as a comedian. The $21 million, David Letterman Communication and Media Building opened for the 2007 fall semester. It features state-of-the-art recording equipment and facilities. Thousands of Ball State students, faculty, and local residents welcomed Letterman back to Indiana. Letterman's emotional speech touched on his struggles as a college student and his late father, and also included the "top ten good things about having your name on a building", finishing with, "if reasonable people can put my name on a $21 million building, anything is possible."

At the same time, Letterman also received a Sagamore of the Wabash award given by Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels, which recognizes distinguished service to the state of Indiana.

References

External links

David Letterman's Feb. 24, 1978 appearance on ''90 Minutes Live''

Official ''Late Show'' biography

1999 article on Letterman from Salon.com

Tape of Letterman announcing affairs/extortion attempt on Late Show

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American entertainment industry businesspeople Category:American people of German descent Category:American television talk show hosts Category:Ball State University alumni Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Indianapolis, Indiana television anchors Category:Indy Racing League owners Category:People from Indianapolis, Indiana Category:Weather presenters Category:American people of British descent

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Coordinates	54°5′20″N18°25′10″N
birth name	Richard St John Harris
birth date	October 01, 1930
birth place	Limerick, Irish Free State
death date	October 25, 2002
death place	London, England, UK
death cause	Hodgkin's Lymphoma
alma mater	London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
occupation	Actor, singer-songwriter, producer, director, writer
years active	1958–2002
spouse	Elizabeth Rees-Williams (1957–69)Ann Turkel (1974–82)
parents	Ivan John Harris,Mildred Josephine Harris }}

Richard St John Harris (1 October 1930 – 25 October 2002) was an Irish actor, singer-songwriter, theatrical producer, film director and writer.

He appeared on stage and in many films, and is perhaps best known for his roles as King Arthur in ''Camelot'' (1967), as Oliver Cromwell in ''Cromwell'' (1970) and as Albus Dumbledore in ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' (2001) (Released in the United States as ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'') and ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'' (2002), his final film. He also played a British aristocrat and prisoner in ''A Man Called Horse'' (1970), Emperor Marcus Aurelius in ''Gladiator'' (2000), St. John The Apostle in ''Apocalypse Revelation'' (2002), and the gunfighter English Bob in Clint Eastwood's Western film ''Unforgiven'' (1992).

Harris had a top ten hit in Britain and the US with his 1968 recording of Jimmy Webb's song "MacArthur Park".

Early life and career

Harris, the fifth of nine children, was born in Limerick City, County Limerick, Munster, Irish Free State into a middle-class, staunchly Roman Catholic family. His parents were Ivan John Harris (b. 1896, son of Richard Harris, b. 1854, son of James Harris of St. Michael's, Limerick) and Mildred Josephine Harty Harris (b. 1898, daughter of James Harty, St. John's, Limerick, who owned a flour mill.) Harris' siblings include Patrick Ivan (born 1929), Noel William Michael (born 1932), Diarmid (Dermot, born 1939), and William George Harris (born 1942). He was schooled by the Jesuits at Crescent College. A talented rugby player, he was on several Munster Junior and Senior Cup teams for Crescent, and played for Garryowen. Harris might have become a provincial or international-standard rugby player, but his athletic career was cut short when he caught tuberculosis in his teens. He remained an ardent fan of the Munster Rugby and Young Munster teams then until his death, and attending many of its matches, and there are numerous stories of japes at rugby matches with the actors and fellow rugby fans Peter O'Toole and Richard Burton.

After recovering from tuberculosis, Harris moved to England, wanting to become a director. He could not find any suitable training courses, and he enrolled in the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) to learn acting. He had failed an audition at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), and had been rejected by the Central School of Speech and Drama because they felt he was too old at 24. While still a student, Harris rented the tiny "off-West End" Irving Theatre, and there directed his own production of Clifford Odets's play ''Winter Journey (The Country Girl)''. This show was a critical success, but it was a financial failure, and Harris lost all his savings in this venture.

As a result, Harris ended up temporarily homeless, sleeping in a coal cellar for six weeks. Accounts of Harris' contemporaries from his hometown of Limerick, however, indicate that Harris may have exaggerated these stories somewhat and that he actually stayed with a few aunts, sleeping on their living room sofas. After completing his studies at the Academy, Harris joined Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop. He began getting roles in West End theatre productions, starting with ''The Quare Fellow'' in 1956, a transfer from the Theatre Workshop. Harris spent nearly a decade in obscurity, learning his profession on stages throughout the UK.

Career

Harris made his movie debut in 1958 in the film ''Alive and Kicking'', and played the lead role in ''The Ginger Man'' in the West End in 1959. He hated filming ''The Wreck of the Mary Deare'' so much that he refused to return to Hollywood for several years, turning down the role of Commodus in ''The Fall of the Roman Empire''. He had a memorable bit part in the movie ''The Guns of Navarone'' as a Royal Australian Air Force pilot who reports that blowing up the "bloody guns" of the island of Navarone is impossible by an air raid.

For his role in the film ''Mutiny on the Bounty'', despite being virtually unknown to film audiences, Harris reportedly insisted on third billing, behind Trevor Howard and Marlon Brando. He did not get along with Brando at all during filming.

Harris's first starring role was in the movie ''This Sporting Life'' in 1963, as the bitter young coal miner, Frank Machin, who becomes an acclaimed rugby league football player. For his role, Harris won the award for best actor in 1963 at the Cannes Film Festival. Harris followed this with a leading role in the Italian film, Antonioni's ''Il deserto rosso'' (1964), and he also won notice for his role in Sam Peckinpah's "lost masterpiece" ''Major Dundee'' (1965), as an Irish immigrant who became a Confederate cavalryman during the Civil Warl; again, he did not get along with co-star Charlton Heston at all.

Harris next performed the role of King Arthur in the film adaptation of the musical play ''Camelot''. Harris continued to appear on stage in this role for years, including a successful Broadway run in 1981–82. In 1966, Harris starred as Adam's son Cain in John Huston's film ''The Bible: In the Beginning''.

Harris recorded several albums of music, one of which ''(A Tramp Shining)'' included the seven-minute hit song "MacArthur Park" (Harris insisted on singing the lyric as "MacArthur's Park"). This song had been written by Jimmy Webb, and it reached #2 on the American ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart. It also topped several music sales charts in Europe during the summer of 1968. "MacArthur Park" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. A second album, with music mostly composed by Webb, ''The Yard Went on Forever'', was published in 1969. Harris also wrote and arranged the orchestral accompaniment for one of the tracks, a scathing commentary on the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland delivered as a spoken-word poem written by Dr T James and entitled "There are Too Many Saviours on My Cross".

Some memorable movie performances followed this, among them a role as a reluctant police informant in the coal-mining tale ''The Molly Maguires'' (1970), starring with Sean Connery. Harris starred in the ''Man in the Wilderness'' in 1971, the ''Juggernaut'' in 1974 (a British suspense movie about the hijacking of an ocean liner), in 1976 in ''The Cassandra Crossing'', along with the actresses Sophia Loren and Ava Gardner, and in a B-movie, ''Orca'', in 1977. Harris achieved a form of cult status for his role as the mercenary tactician Rafer Janders in the movie ''The Wild Geese'' (1978).

In 1973, Harris published a widely-acclaimed book of poetry, ''I, In The Membership Of My Days'', which was later re-published as an audio recording of his reading his own poems. In 1989, Harris played the beggar King J.J. Peachum in ''Mack the Knife'', the third screen adaptation of ''The Threepenny Opera''.

By the end of the 1980s, Harris had gone for an extended time without a significant movie role. He was familiar with the stage plays of fellow Irishman John B. Keane, and had heard that one of them, ''The Field'', was being adapted for film by director Jim Sheridan. Sheridan was working with actor Ray McAnally on the adaptation, intending to feature McAnally in the lead role of Bull McCabe. When McAnally died suddenly during initial preparations, Harris began a concerted campaign to be cast as McCabe. The campaign succeeded, and the movie version of ''The Field'' was released in 1990. Harris earned an American Academy Award nomination for his performance, but lost to Jeremy Irons for ''Reversal of Fortune''. In 1992, Harris had a supporting but memorable role in the film ''Patriot Games'', as an Irish-American radical.

Later career

Harris appeared in two films which won the Oscar for Best Picture. First, as the gunfighter "English Bob" in the 1992 Western, ''Unforgiven''; second, as the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Ridley Scott's ''Gladiator'' (2000). He also played a lead role alongside James Earl Jones in the 1995 Darrell Roodt film adaptation of ''Cry, the Beloved Country''. In 1999, Harris starred in the film ''To Walk With Lions''. After ''Gladiator'', Harris gained further fame playing the supporting role of Albus Dumbledore in the first two of the ''Harry Potter'' films, and as Abbé Faria in Kevin Reynolds' 2002 film adaptation of ''The Count of Monte Cristo''. The film ''Kaena: The Prophecy'' (released in 2003) was dedicated to him posthumously as he had voiced the character Opaz before his death.

Concerning his role as Dumbledore, Harris had stated that he did not intend to take the part, at first, since he knew that his own health was in decline, but he relented and accepted it because his 10-year-old granddaughter threatened never to speak to him again if he did not take it. In an interview with the ''Toronto Star'' in 2001, Harris expressed his concern that his association with the ''Harry Potter'' movies would outshine the rest of his career. He explained by saying: "Because, you see, I don't just want to be remembered for being in those bloody films, and I'm afraid that's what's going to happen to me."

Personal life and death

In 1957, he married Elizabeth Rees-Williams, the daughter of David Rees-Williams, 1st Baron Ogmore. Their three children are the actors Jared Harris, once married to Emilia Fox, the actor Jamie Harris, and the director Damian Harris, once married to Annabel Brooks and partner of Peta Wilson. Harris and Rees-Williams divorced in 1969, after which Elizabeth married Sir Rex Harrison. His maternal niece is actress Annabelle Wallis.

Harris' second marriage was to the American actress Ann Turkel, who was 16 years younger than he. This marriage also ended in a divorce.

Despite his divorces, Harris was a member of the Roman Catholic Knights of Malta, and was also dubbed a knight by the Queen of Denmark in 1985.

Harris often told stories about his haunted London home, The Tower House, which was sold later to the musician Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin. According to Harris, the tower was haunted by an eight-year-old boy who had been buried in the tower. The boy often kept Harris awake at night until he one day built a nursery for the boy to play in, which calmed the disturbances to some extent.

Harris was a vocal supporter of the IRA from the early 1970s until the bombing of Harrod's in 1983, after which he disavowed them.

Harris was a longtime alcoholic until he became a teetotaler in 1981, although he did resume drinking Guinness a decade later. He gave up drugs after almost dying from a cocaine overdose in 1978. A memorable incident concerning his massive alcohol consumption was an appearance on ''The Late Late Show'' where he recounted to host Gay Byrne how he had just polished off two bottles of fine wine in a restaurant and decided that he would then be going on the wagon: "And I looked at my watch and it was... Well isn't that spooky! It was the same time it is now: 11:20!"

Harris is also attributed with an anecdote in which he was found lying drunk in a street in London. A passing policeman asked him what he was doing, and he replied that the world was spinning. The policeman inquired as to how lying in the street was going to help, and he said "I'm waiting for my house to go by." In a 1994 appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman, Harris said he had his driver's licence permanently suspended for knocking over a double-decker bus in Dublin, Ireland.

Harris died of Hodgkin's Lymphoma on 25 October 2002, aged 72, two and a half weeks before the American premiere of ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets''. Harris was a lifelong friend of actor Peter O'Toole, and his family reportedly hoped that O'Toole would replace Harris as Dumbledore in ''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban''. There were, however, worries of insuring O'Toole for the 5 remaining films, and he was ultimately replaced as Dumbledore by the Irish-born actor Sir Michael Gambon.

For years, whenever he was in London, Harris resided at the Savoy Hotel. According to the hotel archivist Susan Scott, as Harris was being taken from the hotel on a stretcher, shortly before his death, he warned the diners, "It was the food!"

Harris's remains were cremated, and his ashes were scattered in The Bahamas, where he had owned a home.

Memorials

On 30 September 2006, Manuel Di Lucia, of Kilkee, County Clare, a long-time friend, organized a bronze life-size statue of Richard Harris, at the age of eighteen, playing rackets. The sculptor was Seamus Connolly and the sculpture (unveiled by Russell Crowe) stands in Kilkee, Ireland.

Another life-size statue of Richard Harris, as King Arthur from his film, ''Camelot'', has been erected in Bedford Row, in the center of his home town of Limerick. The sculptor of this statue was the Irish sculptor Jim Connolly, a graduate of the Limerick School of Art and Design.

At the 2009 BAFTAs, Mickey Rourke dedicated his Best Actor award to Harris, calling him a "good friend, and great actor."

Awards and nominations

Academy Awards

1963 – Nominated – Best Actor in a Leading Role – ''This Sporting Life''

1990 – Nominated – Best Actor in a Leading Role – ''The Field''

Golden Globes

1968 – Won – Best Motion Picture Actor – Musical/Comedy – ''Camelot''

1991 – Nominated – Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama – ''The Field''

Grammy Awards

– Won – Best Spoken Word Recording for ''Jonathan Livingston Seagull'' – 1973

– Nominated – Album of the Year for ''A Tramp Shining'' – 1968

– Nominated – Contemporary Pop Male Vocalist for ''MacArthur Park''- 1968

– Nominated – Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama Recording for ''The Prophet'' – 1975

Filmography

Discography

Albums

''Camelot'' (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1967)

''A Tramp Shining'' (1968)

''The Yard Went on Forever'' (1968)

''My Boy'' (1971)

''The Richard Harris Love Album'' (1972)

''Slides'' (1972)

''His Greatest Performances'' (1973)

''Jonathan Livingston Seagull'' (1973)

''The Prophet'' (1974)

''I, in the Membership of My Days'' (1974)

''Camelot'' (Original 1982 London Cast recording) (1982)

Singles

"Here in My Heart (Theme from ''This Sporting Life'')" (1963)

"MacArthur Park" (1968)

"Fill the World With Love" (1969)

"Ballad of ''A Man Called Horse''" (1970)

"Morning of the Mourning for Another Kennedy" (1970)

"Go to the Mirror" (1971)

"My Boy" (1971)

"Turning Back the Pages" (1972)

"Half of Every Dream" (1972)

"Trilogy (Love, Marriage, Children)" (1974)

"The Last Castle (Theme from ''Echoes of a Summer'')" (1976)

"Lilliput (Theme from ''Gulliver's Travels'')" (1977)

CD releases and compilations

''Camelot'' (Original 1982 London Cast Recording) (1988)

''Mack the Knife'' (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1989)

''Tommy'' (studio recording) (1990)

''Camelot'' (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1993)

''A Tramp Shining'' (1993)

''The Prophet'' (1995)

''The Webb Sessions 1968–1969'' (1996)

''MacArthur Park'' (1997)

''Slides/My Boy'' (2 CD Set) (2005)

''My Boy'' (2006)

See also

List of people on stamps of Ireland

Further reading

References

External links

Harris' Bar Limerick: A Bar in Limerick City Dedicated to Richard

The Round Table, The Richard Harris Fansite

Category:1930 births Category:2002 deaths Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Cancer deaths in England Category:Deaths from lymphoma Category:Garryowen Football Club players Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:Irish film actors Category:Irish film directors Category:Irish male singers Category:Irish rugby union players Category:Irish stage actors Category:Knights of Malta Category:People from County Limerick Category:Racquets players Category:People from Limerick (city)

ar:ريتشارد هاريس an:Richard Harris ca:Richard Harris cs:Richard Harris da:Richard Harris de:Richard Harris es:Richard Harris eu:Richard Harris fa:ریچارد هریس fo:Richard Harris fr:Richard Harris (acteur) ga:Richard Harris gl:Richard Harris ko:리처드 해리스 id:Richard Harris it:Richard Harris (attore) he:ריצ'רד האריס lv:Ričards Heriss hu:Richard Harris ms:Richard Harris nl:Richard Harris (acteur) ja:リチャード・ハリス no:Richard Harris nds:Richard Harris pl:Richard Harris pt:Richard Harris ro:Richard Harris ru:Харрис, Ричард sr:Ричард Харис sh:Richard Harris fi:Richard Harris sv:Richard Harris tl:Richard Harris th:ริชาร์ด แฮร์ริส tr:Richard Harris uk:Річард Гарріс

Coordinates	54°5′20″N18°25′10″N
{{infobox rugby team | teamname	| image Munster rugby badge.png | nickname The Red Army | url www.munsterrugby.ie | founded 1879 | location Munster, Ireland | countryflag IRE | countryflagvar rugby | ground Thomond Park (Capacity: 26,500)Musgrave Park (Capacity: 8,300) | chief executive Garrett Fitzgerald | coach Tony McGahan (Director of Rugby) Anthony Foley (Assistant & Forwards)Jason Holland(Backs)Laurie Fisher (Forwards)Paul McCarthy (Scrum)Shaun Payne (Manager)Mick Galwey (Squad Advisor)Bryce Kavanagh (Fitness)Anthony Coole (Medical & Physio)Ian Costello (Skills)Tom Comyns (Strength & Conditioning) | captain Paul O'Connell | appearances Peter Stringer (217) | top scorer Ronan O'Gara (2,239) | most tries Anthony Horgan (41) | league Celtic League | season 2010–11 | position 1st (Champions) | pattern_la1|pattern_b1|pattern_ra1|leftarm1cc0000|body1CC0000|rightarm1CC0000|shorts1CC0000|socks1CC0000| | pattern_la2
Pattern b2	_Munster A10-11|pattern_ra2|pattern_so2_Munster A10-11
leftarm2	000000|body2000000|rightarm2000000|shorts2000000|socks2000000| }}

Munster Rugby is an Irish professional rugby union team based in Munster, that competes in the RaboDirect Pro12 and Heineken Cup. The team represents the Irish Rugby Football Union Munster Branch which is one of four primary branches of the IRFU, and is responsible for rugby union in the Irish province of Munster. Their main home ground is Thomond Park, Limerick, though some smaller profile games are played at Musgrave Park, Cork. Munster currently play in an all red home strip, while the away jersey is black and green. The Munster Rugby logo consists of three crowns and a stag. The team motto is "To the brave and faithful, nothing is impossible"; it is derived from the motto of the MacCarthy clan – "''Forti et Fideli nihil difficile''".

Munster is known for its passionate support and games involving Munster hold several Heineken Cup records for highest attendances in every stage of the finals, as well as the highest ever attendance for a rugby game in both Spain and Switzerland. In 2008, Director of Coaching Declan Kidney left to take up the head coach job with Ireland, and Munster ensured continuity by promoting Australian Tony McGahan to the position from within the coaching setup.

As of the end of the 2010/11 season, Munster are third in the ERC European Rankings with 29 points, behind Toulouse (2nd, 31 points), and Leinster (1st, 31 points).

Heineken Cup, Challenge Cup and Celtic League

Munster finally reached the Heineken Cup quarter-finals in 1998/99, after three years of not being able to get out of the group stages.

Munster's first appearance in the competition's final was in the season 1999/2000, where they lost by one point to Northampton at Twickenham. Nevertheless, that season was most memorable with a fantastic win over Toulouse 25–31 in Bordeaux.

Their good form and bad luck continued in the following year (2000/01) with a semi-final defeat to Stade Français, again by one point, where a try by John O'Neill was disallowed by the referee, as he deemed the ball out over the dead ball line.

In 2001/02 Munster lost the last match of their pool at Castres, but qualified as best runners-up. Munster beat Stade Français 16–14 in Paris. The only try of the game coming from Anthony Horgan. It was then on to Béziers to meet Castres for the semi-final. Munster were triumphant and went to the final at Millennium Stadium to meet the reigning champions, Leicester. Munster lost a tight game remembered as 'the hand of Back' final as a Leicester flanker used his hand illegally in a scrum when Munster had a last-chance attack. Munster also reached the final of the Celtic League this season, but lost to Leinster, 24–20 at Lansdowne Road, Dublin.

In 2002–03, they reached the quarter-finals after a win against Gloucester, later issued on VHS under the title "The Miracle Match". In this game, Munster needed to win by a margin of at least 27 points and score a minimum of four tries to earn a quarter-final berth. They won 33–6 with four tries in a game that has become part of Munster rugby folklore. They again faced Leicester, this time at the Tigers' home of Welford Road, and defeated the reigning champions to progress to the semi-finals. They faced Toulouse in the semi-finals and lost out on a place in the final after losing by a single point in France. In this season, Munster won the Celtic League for the first time by beating Neath, 37–17 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff.

In 2003–04 it was more of the same. After an assured performance in the Pool stage they defeated Stade Français at Thomond Park to set up a semi-final date with English champions Wasps. This was considered one of the best Heineken Cup matches of all time. Although leading by 10 points in the second half, having already lost Ronan O'Gara to injury early on, they succumbed to 2 Wasps tries in injury time resulting in a Wasps v Toulouse final. Munster finished in a disappointing seventh position in the 2003/04 season of the Celtic League.

In 2004–05, after a shaky performance in the Pool stage, they qualified as 5th seeds and played Biarritz away. The match was played at Real Sociedad's ground, the Anoeta Stadium, in San Sebastián in Spain — the first Heineken Cup game ever played in Spain. Biarritz won 19–10 to avenge a 38–29 defeat at the same stage in 2001. Munster secured an impressive position of second in the 2004/05 season of the Celtic League.

In 2005–06, Munster qualified to the final of the Heineken Cup, having overcome rivals Leinster 30–6 in the semi final at Lansdowne Road. The final was held at the Millennium Stadium against Biarritz. Munster won 23–19 to become European champions for the first time. Munster finished one place lower than the previous season in the Celtic League, finishing third overall.

2006–07 was a disappointing season for Munster, losing their previously unbeaten European record at Thomond Park, by going down to the Leicester Tigers in the group stages. They later lost the quarter final to the Llanelli Scarlets. Munster's performance in the Celtic League was equally disappointing, finishing sixth overall.

In 2008, Munster signed Doug Howlett, the all-time leading try scorer for New Zealand. That season's Heineken Cup saw Munster finish top in their group, and they went on to reach the final for the second time in three years beating Saracens in the semi final. The final, again held at the Millennium Stadium, saw Munster defeat Toulouse 16–13 to claim their second Heineken Cup title in 3 years. Munster finished third in the Celtic League for the 2007–08 season.

In the 2008–09 season, Munster once again topped their group in the Heineken Cup and reached the semi-final, but lost to arch-rivals Leinster by 25–6, attended by a world record crowd of over 82,200. On 30 April 2009 Munster clinched the Celtic League for the second time in their history after closest challengers the Ospreys beat the Newport Gwent Dragons but failed to claim a bonus point, this handed the title to Munster who could not be overtaken at the top of the table.

The 2009–10 season saw Munster finish top of their Heineken Cup pool once again. Victories over Northampton Saints, French Top 14 champions Perpignan and Italian side Treviso saw Munster qualify for the Heineken Cup Quarter Finals for a record 12th consecutive year. The match took place in Thomond Park where Munster played Northampton Saints for the third time that season running out winners 33–19 and by four tries to one. They lost 18–7 in the semi-finals to Biarritz at the Anoeta. Munster came 4th in the Celtic League, but because this season saw the introduction of a play off system for the top four teams, Munster met and lost 16–6 to Leinster in the play-off semi final .

The 2010-11 season saw Munster drawn in Pool 3 of the Heineken Cup alongside Ospreys, London Irish and RC Toulon. Munster lost 23–17 away to London Irish, before defeating RC Toulon 45–18 at Thomond Park. Munster defeated Ospreys 22–16, but lost the reverse fixture at Liberty Stadium 19–15. In round 5 Munster went to Toulon, losing 32-16. As a result, Munster failed to qualify for the quarter finals of the Heineken Cup for the first time in 13 years. Munster won their final pool game, at home to London Irish, 28-14, and qualified for the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter finals. Munster defeated Leinster 24-23 on 2 April 2011 in the Celtic League, ending a run of 5 straight defeats. Munster defeated Brive 37-42 in their Amlin Challenge Cup quarter final to qualify for the semi-final against Harlequins on 30 April. Munster lost the semi-final in Thomand Park 20-12.

Munster finished first in the 2010–11 Celtic League. They beat Ospreys 18-11 in their semi-final to set up a Grand Final with Leinster, which Munster won 19-9, securing a third Celtic League title.

Munster were drawn in Pool One for the 2011–12 Heineken Cup, alongside Northampton Saints, Scarlets and Castres.

Against Touring Sides

Munster has a great tradition of competitiveness and impassioned displays against touring sides. The first touring side to play Munster were the famous "Original" All Blacks led by Dave Gallagher, who lined out against Munster in the Markets Field, Limerick in November 1905. Munster were defeated that day 33–0. Throughout the years Munster were to record a number of near-misses and last minute defeats to the Springboks, Wallabies and the All Blacks. The first tangible result against a touring side was to come in 1958 when the Wallabies were held to a 3–3 draw in Thomond Park.

First victory over a touring side

Munster was the first Irish Provincial side to defeat a major touring team when they defeated Australia 11–8 in Musgrave Park, Cork on 25 January 1967. Munster were captained that day by Tom Kiernan.

Against the All Blacks

Munster first played the All Blacks in 1905, losing 33–0 on the occasion. They have played each other many times since then. Munster drew with New Zealand 3–3 in 1973 and then in 1978 became the only Irish side to have beaten the All Blacks. The 12–0 victory occurred on Tuesday 31 October 1978 at Thomond Park, in front of a crowd of 12,000, though many times that number still claim to have been present, such was the occasion. Christy Cantillon scored a try with Tony Ward converting. Ward also added a dropped goal in each half. The game remains the only time an All Blacks team lost to any Irish side, and now forms part of Munster rugby mythology. A stage play named Alone it Stands (by John Breen), and a book named Stand Up and Fight: When Munster Beat the All Blacks by Alan English were both based on the events. Both have been commercially successful. Alone it Stands has had several sell-out runs in Ireland and abroad. "Stand Up and Fight" was a bestseller in 2005. The All Blacks returned to Thomond Park in November 2008 — to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the previous match, and to celebrate the opening of the new stadium. After 76 minutes of the match Munster were winning 16–13. However a late try by Joe Rokocoko meant the All Blacks won 18–16.

Against Australia

Like the All Blacks, Munster have played Australia many times. They first met in 1947, where Australia won 6–5. Munster claimed their first victory over the Wallabies in 1967, when they won 11–8. In 1992, Australia, reigning world champions, having won the 1991 Rugby World Cup, visited Munster as part of a European Tour. Munster won 22–19 in a rough encounter in Cork. Ten years later, London newspaper The Daily Telegraph recounted part of the legend in a feature on Munster prop Peter Clohessy: "The then Wallabies coach, Bob Dwyer, who was not a man who readily accepted that opposition sides could legitimately score more points than his team, immediately branded the Munster Number 3 a 'disgrace'. It had been a typically rugged, robust and memorable Munster triumph, with leather and fists flying on both sides. Clohessy who wouldn't generally be known for misconduct was no more guilty than the next man but world champions are not supposed to lose against a hastily assembled Irish provincial XV. There had to be a reason, an excuse, and Dwyer rounded on Clohessy". History repeated itself in 2010 when Munster defeated the Wallabies by 15–6 with their Australian fly-half, Paul Warwick, kicking all fifteen points (three penalties and 2 drop goals). The match was played in ferocious weather, with Munster playing into a gale force wind and driving rain in the first half. Indeed, the conditions made the half time score of 6–6 all the more significant, as Australia could neither cope with the weather nor the Munster pressure in the second half.

Results against touring international teams

Mardkye New Zealand Australia South Africa New Zealand Australia South Africa New Zealand New Zealand Australia New Zealand Australia Australia New Zealand USSR Australia Australia Morocco New Zealand Australia

Date

! Country

! Location

! Score

! Result

1947

Australia

|

5–6

Lost

–

1954

|

Mardyke

3–6

Lost

–

1958

|

Thomond Park

3–3

Draw

1960

|

Musgrave Park

3–9

Lost

–

1963

|

Thomond Park

3–6

Lost

–

1967

|

Musgrave Park

11–8

Won

1970

|

Thomond Park

9–25

Lost

–

1973

|

Thomond Park

3–3

Drew

1974

|

Thomond Park

4–14

Lost

–

1976

|

Musgrave Park

13–15

Lost

1978

|

Thomond Park

12–0

Won

1981

|

Musgrave Park

15–6

Won

1984

|

Thomond Park

19–31

Lost

1989

|

Musgrave Park

9–31

Lost

1990

|

Clonmel

?

?

1992

|

Musgrave Park

22–19

Won

1996

|

Thomond Park

19–55

Lost

1998

|

Thomond Park

49–17

Won

2008

|

Thomond Park

16–18

Lost

2010

|

Thomond Park

15–6

Won

Colours and logo

The 'three crowns' emblem used by Munster alludes to the three constituent historic kingdoms of Munster; Thomond in the north, Desmond in the south, and Ormonde in the east. A revamped logo was introduced for the 2003–04 season which included the addition of a stag with the three crowns. The crest was designed to maintain the three crowns, and the new red stag symbolizes strength and competitiveness. The decision for change was a product of two years of planning of research and design. Elements of navy were also introduced into mainly red Munster jersey. The current kit consists of a red shirt with yellow and white trimming, red shorts and red socks. The kit is made by Adidas, who replaced Canterbury of New Zealand, in a deal covering kit supply for three seasons. The name of Munster's current title sponsors, Toyota appears on their shirt. The words "wear with pride and honesty" appear on the collar of the 2009/10 shirt. The Counties in Munster are also listed on the bottom piping of the jersey.

Home grounds

Munster have two main stadia where they play their home matches – Thomond Park in Limerick and Musgrave Park in Cork. Thomond Park is the bigger of the two, with a capacity of around 27,000, while Musgrave holds 8,300. As well as Munster, Shannon RFC and UL Bohemian RFC play at the grounds of Thomond Park. Thomond Park is famous for its atmosphere and unique history – its noise during play and complete silence when a player (home and away) is kicking at goal. It is also famous for Munster's intimidating record that it held for over a decade – having never been beaten at home during the Heineken Cup. However the record was broken during the 2006–07 season when they were defeated by the Leicester Tigers. Munster train in the University of Limerick. Munster are currently training at the excellent facilities at the Cork Institute of Technology, Cork.

Thomond Park went through a major renovation in 1999, and in 2006, Munster announced plans to upgrade it. In autumn 2008 the new 27,000 capacity stadium was opened. Two sweeping arches are one of the defining features of the stadium as well as the concourse outside of the new East Stand. The new stadium design was well received and won the Public Choice Award for 2009 from the Irish Architecture Foundation. A long discussion and consultation on the new name concluded with the decision that the name would remain ''Thomond Park''.

Supporters

The strength of Munster's support was demonstrated during Munster's 2006 and 2008 Heineken Cup final wins. News reports detailed the lengths some fans were willing to go to secure tickets to the game. Some Munster fans travelled to Biarritz to buy up the French allocation of tickets. On the day of the game the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff was filled with a capacity crowd of 74,500. Of those numbers it is estimated that in excess of 55–65,000 were Munster fans with the remainder being neutrals and Biarritz supporters. The Millennium Stadium was intended to be a neutral venue but commentators on the day remarked that it could hardly be counted as such. In North America there is an official supporters club called Munster Rugby USA.

Munster have played in the most-attended quarter-final and semi-final matches of the Heineken Cup: :*2009 Semi-final v Leinster, Croke Park, Dublin – 82,208 (also the largest crowd ever to attend any club rugby match) :*2006 Quarter-final v Perpignan, Lansdowne Road, Dublin – 49,500

Munster's appearance in the 2002 final against Leicester Tigers at the Millennium Stadium, which drew 74,600, was the record attendance for a Heineken Cup Final until the 2007 final between Leicester and London Wasps at the newly expanded Twickenham, although it is estimated that as many as 10,000 Munster fans attended this game, having bought tickets before Munster were knocked out of the competition. Munster's 2005 quarter-final against Biarritz Olympique in Estadio Anoeta, played as it was across the border in San Sebastián, with an attendance of 32,000 also set the record for the biggest rugby match ever played in Spain. Their October 2006 Celtic League game against Leinster at Lansdowne Road beat the record for that competition with an attendance of 27,252. This record lasted just two months however with the Leinster and Ulster match on 31 December 2006 filling Lansdowne Road (over 48,000 in attendance) for the last match at the stadium before redevelopment.

On 2 October 2010, Munster played Leinster in the 5th round of the Celtic League at the Aviva Stadium, this set a new crowd attendance record for a Celtic League game at 50,645.

Munster fans are known for their silence when a kick is being taken, but also for their noise. Fans repeatedly chant "MUNSTER" or sing "The Fields of Athenry" (an Irish famine song from Galway, Connacht) and "Stand Up and Fight" (from the Broadway musical ''Carmen Jones''.) They famously sang ''The Black Velvet Band'' to the Ospreys' Irish winger Tommy Bowe during their 2009 Heineken Cup quarter final encounter. Tommy Bowe sang this song at the official reception for the 2009 Grand Slam winning Ireland rugby team.

Munster is also unusual in that it has given two words to the rugby lexicon. Famously the Garryowen club of Limerick introduced the "Garryowen kick", a high up and under which put defending players under pressure and term "Mullocker" to describe a unrefined forward has it's origins amongst the dockers who worked on a casual basis for the Limerick docking firm, Mullock & Sons.

Munster A

Munster A is the team that represents Munster in the British & Irish Cup and in the All Ireland Inter-provincial Championship. Pre-professionalism and a formal Celtic league structure, the main Munster team competed in the AIPC. Since the advent of professionalism the provinces have fielded lesser teams in order to concentrate on the Celtic League. The team is composed of Senior Munster squad players requiring gametime, Academy players and AIL players called up from their club.

Honours

Heineken Cup

*''Winners'': 2005–06, 2007–08: 2

*''Runners-up'': 1999-00, 2001–02: 2

Celtic League/Magners League:

*''Winners'': 2002–03, 2008–09, 2010-11: 3

*''Runners Up'': 2001–2002, 2004–2005: 2

Celtic Cup:

*''Winners'': 2004–05: 1

Irish Inter-Provincial championship:

*''Winners'': 22

Setanta Challenge Cup:

''Winners'': 2007 & 2008: 2

Munster A

British and Irish Cup

*''Runners-up'' 2009–2010 1

Season records

Celtic League

5 7 22 20 20 20 18 18 18 22

Season	! Pos	! Played	! Won	! Drawn	! Lost	! Bonus	! Points
2001–02 Celtic League	2001–02	1st (Pool B)	6	|	0	1	0	15
2002–03 Celtic League	2002–03	1st (Pool A)	|	6	0	1	4	28
2003–04 Celtic League	2003–04	7th	|	10	0	12	11	51
2004–05 Celtic League	2004–05	2nd	|	15	1	4	7	69
2005–06 Celtic League	2005–06	3rd	|	12	0	8	10	58
2006–07 Celtic League	2006–07	6th	|	12	0	8	6	54
2007–08 Celtic League	2007–08	3rd	|	10	1	7	6	48
2008–09 Celtic League	2008–09	1st	|	14	0	4	8	63
rowspan="2"	2009–10	4th	|	9	0	9	9	45
Semi-final	colspan="8"
rowspan="3"	1st	|	19	0	3	7	83
Semi-final	colspan="8"
	colspan="8"

Heineken Cup

2 4 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2

Season	! Pool/Round	! Pos	! Played	! Won	! Drawn	! Lost	! Bonus	! Points
1995-96 Heineken Cup	1995–96	Pool 4	2	|	1	0	1	–	2
1996-97 Heineken Cup	1996–97	Pool 4	|	4	2	0	2	–	4
1997-98 Heineken Cup	1997–98	Pool 4	|	6	2	0	4	–	4
rowspan="2"	1998–99	Pool 2	|	6	4	1	1	–	9
Quarter-final	colspan="8"
rowspan="4"	Pool 4	|	6	5	0	1	–	10
Quarter-final
Semi-final	colspan="7"
Final
rowspan="3"	Pool 4	|	6	5	0	1	–	10
Quarter-final
Semi-final
rowspan="4"	Pool 4	|	6	5	0	1	–	10
Quarter-final
Semi-final	colspan="7"
Final
rowspan="3"	Pool 2	|	6	4	0	2	–	8
Quarter-final
Semi-final	colspan="7"
rowspan="3"	Pool 5	|	6	5	0	1	4	24
Quarter-final
Semi-final
rowspan="2"	Pool 4	|	6	5	0	1	2	22
Quarter-final
rowspan="4"	Pool 1	|	6	5	0	1	3	23
Quarter-final	colspan="7"
Semi-final	colspan="7"
Final
rowspan="2"	Pool 4	|	6	5	0	1	3	23
Quarter-final
rowspan="4"	Pool 5	|	6	4	0	2	3	19
Quarter-final	colspan="7"
Semi-final	colspan="7"
Final	colspan="7"
rowspan="3"	Pool 1	|	6	5	0	1	3	23
Quarter-final	colspan="7"
Semi-final	colspan="7"
rowspan="3"	Pool 1	|	6	5	0	1	4	24
Quarter-final
Semi-final
	Pool 3	|	6	3	0	3	4	16
rowspan="2"	Quarter-final
Semi-final	colspan="7"

Squads

Playing Squad 2011–12

Internationally capped players in bold.

Academy Squad 2011–12

year 1 year 1 year 2 year 1 year 2 year 2 year 1 year 1 year 3 year 3 year 2 year 2 year 1 year 2 year 2 year 2

Players in (Season 2011/12)

Ian Keatley ''from'' Connacht BJ Botha ''from'' Ulster Conor Murray ''from'' Munster Academy

Mike Sherry ''from'' Munster Academy

Simon Zebo ''from'' Munster Academy

Sean Henry ''from'' Munster Academy

Players out (Season 2011/12)

Paul Warwick ''to'' Stade Francais

Tony Buckley ''to'' Sale Sharks Sam Tuitupou ''to'' Sale Sharks Cathal Sheridan to Edinburgh Dave Ryan ''to'' undeclared Alan Quinlan Retired Ian Dowling Retired through injury Barry Murphy Retired through injury

Kieran Essex Completed Munster Academy, released.

Paul Rowley Completed Munster Academy, released.

Pa O'Regan Pursuing other non-rugby career options

Notable players

British and Irish Lions

The following Munster players have also represented the British and Irish Lions:

{| |- style="vertical-align:top" ||

W.J. Ashby: 1910

Oliver Piper: 1910

Michael Bradley: 1924

William Roche: 1924

Mick Lane: 1950

Tom Clifford: 1950

Jim McCarthy: 1950

Tom Reid: 1955

Michael English: 1959

Gordon Wood: 1959

||

Noel Murphy: 1959, 1966

Tom Kiernan: 1962, 1968

Jerry Walsh: 1966

Barry Bresnihan: 1966, 1968

Mick Doyle: 1968

Moss Keane: 1974, 1977

Colm Tucker: 1980

Tony Ward: 1980

Mike Kiernan: 1983

Gerry McLoughlin: 1983

||

Donal Lenihan: 1983, 1989

Mick Galwey: 1993

Richard Wallace: 1993

Keith Wood: 1997, 2001

Rob Henderson: 2001

Ronan O'Gara: 2001, 2005, 2009

David Wallace: 2001, 2009

John Hayes: 2005, 2009

Donncha O'Callaghan: 2005, 2009

Paul O'Connell: 2005, 2009

Keith Earls: 2009

|}

Notable Overseas Players

John Langford: 1999–2001 Jim Williams: 2001–2005 Christian Cullen: 2003–2007 Trevor Halstead: 2005–2007 Federico Pucciariello: 2005–2009 Lifeimi Mafi: 2006–present Paul Warwick: 2007-2011 Rua Tipoki: 2007–2009 Doug Howlett: 2008–present Jean de Villiers: 2009–2010 Sam Tuitupou: 2010–2011 BJ Botha: 2011-present Gordon McIlwham 2003-2005

Other Notables

Tommy Moroney: Munster Rugby player and Ireland soccer international

Brian Carney: Irish rugby union & league international

See also

''

References

Further reading

English, A, (2005) ''Stand Up and Fight: When Munster Beats the All Blacks'', Random House, London

English, A, (2006) ''Munster: Our Road to Glory'', Penguin Ireland, Dublin

Murphy, E, (2006) ''Munster Rugby: The Secret of Their Success'', Maverick House Publishers, Dublin

Cronin, C, (2006) ''Beyond Our Wildest Dreams: Munster's Heineken Cup Odyssey'', Tuatha Mumhan Books

External links

Official site

Munster Supporters Site

The Irish Times - Munster Rugby site

Category:Sports clubs established in 1879 Category:Celtic League teams Category:People of the Year Awards winners Category:Rugby union governing bodies in Ireland

ca:Munster Rugby de:Munster Rugby es:Munster Rugby eu:Munster Rugby fr:Munster Rugby gl:Munster Rugby ko:먼스터 럭비 id:Munster Rugby it:Munster Rugby pl:Munster Rugby pt:Munster Rugby sco:Munster Rugby

Coordinates	54°5′20″N18°25′10″N
name	Ryan Gosling
birth name	Ryan Thomas Gosling
birth date	November 12, 1980
birth place	London, Ontario, Canada
home town	Cornwall, Ontario, Canada
occupation	Actor, Musician
years active	1993–present
citizenship	Canada }}

Ryan Thomas Gosling (born November 12, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician.

Having first gained notice at the age of 12 as a mouseketeer on the variety show ''The Mickey Mouse Club'', Gosling has built a reputation for playing misfits in independent films: a fanatic Neo-Nazi in the ''The Believer'' (2001), a drug-addicted junior high school teacher in ''Half Nelson'' (2006), a socially inept loner in ''Lars and the Real Girl'' (2007) and a frazzled husband in ''Blue Valentine'' (2010). His most commercially successful movie to date is 2004's romantic drama ''The Notebook''. He has been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Leading Actor (for ''Half Nelson'') and two Golden Globe Awards (for ''Lars and the Real Girl'' and ''Blue Valentine'').

2011 saw him expand his horizons. He appeared in his first comedic role in ''Crazy, Stupid, Love'' and his first action role in ''Drive''. His next film, political drama ''The Ides of March'', is set to premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2011.

He formed a band named Dead Man's Bones with his friend, Zach Shields, and they released their self-titled debut album in 2009. The two met in 2005 (Shields was dating Rachel McAdams' sister) and quickly realized that they shared an obsession with ghosts. Thus, they decided to form their band around the themes of ghosts and monsters.

Early life

Gosling was born in London, Ontario but grew up in Cornwall. He is the son of Donna, a secretary, and Thomas Gosling, a paper mill worker. He was raised in a Latter Day Saint family, and has since stated that he "wasn't really Mormon, my parents were". His parents divorced when he was young and he was raised by his mother. He has said that he had "no pals" as a child and was homeschooled for a year after being bullied in elementary school.

He performed from an early age. He and his older sister, Mandi, sang together at weddings; he performed with his uncle's Elvis Presley tribute act, Elvis Perry, and he was involved with a local dance company. He spent part of his childhood in Florida, USA after successfully auditioning for a part on ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' at the age of twelve.

He developed an idiosyncratic accent as a child, later explaining, "As a kid I thought having a Canadian accent didn't sound tough. I thought guys should sound like Marlon Brando. So now I have a phony accent that I can't shake, so it's not phony anymore."

He dropped out of high school at the age of seventeen to focus on his acting career.

Career

Gosling first made his name as a child actor on ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' alongside fellow future stars Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Justin Timberlake. He also appeared in many Canadian television series and movies including ''Goosebumps'' and ''Breaker High'', and, in 1998, he moved to New Zealand to film the adventure series ''Young Hercules''.

His first serious role was in 2001's controversial drama ''The Believer,'' which won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. He has described it as "the film that kind of gift-wrapped for me the career that I have now. I suddenly found myself at Sundance, where people were asking me about my craft. So I had to pretend I had one." In 2002 and 2003, he appeared in ''The Slaughter Rule'', ''Murder by Numbers'' and ''The United States of Leland''.

In 2004, he starred opposite Rachel McAdams in the sleeper hit ''The Notebook''. The film made stars of its two leads, had huge popular culture resonance and frequently appears on Most Romantic Movies lists. The chemistry between Gosling and McAdams was often remarked upon, with the New York Times writing, "Their performances are so spontaneous and combustible that you quickly identify with the reckless sweethearts, who embody an innocence that has all but vanished from American teenage life. And against your better judgment, you root for the pair to beat the odds against them." In 2005, his sole appearance was in critical and box-office flop, ''Stay.''

In 2006, he appeared as a drug-addicted, junior high school history teacher in ''Half Nelson'', for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award and won Best Actor at the Spirit Awards. He played an introvert who falls in love with a sex doll in the gently comedic 2007 film ''Lars and the Real Girl'', and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Broadcast Film Critics Association and won a Satellite Award. He also starred opposite Anthony Hopkins in the 2007 courtroom thriller Fracture.

Gosling focused mainly on his band Dead Man's Bones in 2008 and 2009, releasing a debut album and touring North America.

In 2010, he co-starred with Michelle Williams in Derek Cianfrance's directorial debut, ''Blue Valentine''. The low-budget film was mainly improvised: "Most movies when you're acting you're trying to block out the lights and the trailers. Here, you had to remind yourself you were making a film," says Gosling. "Michelle and I found it hard to take off our wedding bands when it was over. We'd built this castle and then had to tear it down." His performance was nominated for many awards, most notably a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. Also in 2010, he narrated ''ReGeneration'', a documentary that explores the cynicism in today’s youth towards social and political causes, and starred opposite Kirsten Dunst in ''All Good Things''. He declined to promote the latter amid rumours he clashed with the director, Andrew Jarecki, on set. When asked if he was proud of the film, he replied, "I'm proud of what Kirsten does in the movie".

2011 saw him expand his horizons: he appeared in his first comedic role in ''Crazy, Stupid, Love.'' and his first action role in ''Drive''. His next film, political drama ''The Ides of March'', is set to premiere at and open the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2011.

He is currently filming ''The Place Beyond the Pines'', a bank heist movie with Bradley Cooper, Eva Mendes and Ray Liotta, and is attached to three movies currently in pre-production: The Gangster Squad, ''Only God Forgives'' and a remake of ''Logan's Run''.

Personal life

Gosling lives in New York with his dog of eleven years, George.

He was in a relationship with Rachel McAdams, his co-star in ''The Notebook'', from 2005 to 2007. They also reconciled for a number of months in 2008. Following their split, Gosling said: "God bless ''The Notebook''... It introduced me to one of the great loves of my life. But people do Rachel and me a disservice by assuming we were anything like the people in that movie. Rachel and my love story is a hell of a lot more romantic than that."

He dated Sandra Bullock, sixteen years his senior, for over a year from 2002 to 2003, after meeting on the set of ''Murder by Numbers''.

He co-owns a Moroccan restaurant called Tagine in Beverly Hills, California.

Supportive of various social causes, he has worked particularly closely with the Enough Project.. He was Hollywood's representative at the ''Campus Progress National Conference'' in 2008 where he spoke out about Darfur. Gosling said, "For some reason, there's an interest in what people who do what I do have to say... I'm honored to have these experiences." In 2010, he traveled with John Prendergast of the Enough Project to eastern Congo.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Award Recognition in Acting & Production Notes
1997	''Frankenstein and Me''	Kenny
1999	''The Unbelievables''	Josh
2000	''Remember the Titans''	Alan Bosley
2001		Danny Balint	Russian Guild of Film Critics
	''[[Murder by Numbers''	Richard Haywood
''The Slaughter Rule''	Roy Chutney
2003	''The United States of Leland''	Leland P. Fitzgerald
2004		Noah Calhoun	MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – DramaTeen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Performance – MaleTeen Choice Award for Choice Movie Chemistry Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Liplock Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Choice Movie Love Scene Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Choice Movie Dance Scene
2005		Henry Letham
2006		Dan Dunne	Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead MaleStockholm Film Festival Award for Best ActorLas Palmas Film Festival Award for Best ActorNational Board of Review Award for Breakthrough Male PerformanceVillage Voice Film Poll – Best ActorNominated—Academy Award for Best ActorNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Chlotrudis Award for Best ActorNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading RoleNominated—St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
		Willy Beachum
''Lars and the Real Girl''	Lars Lindstrom
		David Marks
	Dean Pereira	Chlotrudis Award for Best ActorNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Detroit Film Critics Society
''ReGeneration''	Narrator	Documentary
	''[[Crazy, Stupid, Love.''	Jacob Palmer
	Driver	''Upcoming''
	Stephen Myers	''Upcoming''
	''The Place Beyond the Pines''	Luke	filming
''The Gangster Squad''	Sgt. Jerry Wooters	pre-production
''Only God Forgives''		pre-production
''Logan's Run''	Logan	pre-production

Television

Year	Show	Role	Episode(s) & Notes
1993–1995	''Mickey Mouse Club''	Himself	TV Series
1995	''Are You Afraid of the Dark?''	Jamie Leary	5.02 "The Tale of Station 109.1"
	''PSI Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal''	Adam	1.01 "Dream House/UFO Encounter"
''Kung Fu: The Legend Continues''	Kevin	4.09 "Dragon's Lair"
''Road to Avonlea''	Bret McNulty	7.09 "From Away"
''Goosebumps''	Greg Banks	1.15 "Say Cheese and Die"
''The Adventures of Shirley Holmes''	Sean	1.01 "The Case of the Burning Building"
''Flash Forward''	Scott Stuckey	1.11 "Double Bill" and 1.21 "Skate Bait"
	Matt Kalinsky	4.05 "I Do, I Don't"
1997–1998	''Breaker High''	Sean Hanlon	TV Series
1998	''Nothing Too Good for a Cowboy''	Tommy	TV Movie
	''Young Hercules''	Hercules	TV Series
''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys''	Zylus	5.17 "The Academy"
2005	''I'm Still Here: Real Diaries of Young People Who Lived During the Holocaust''	Ilya Gerber (voice)	TV Documentary

References

External links

(Ryan Gosling's band)

Category:1980 births Category:Actors from Ontario Category:Canadian child actors Category:Canadian expatriate actors in the United States Category:Canadian film actors Category:Canadian Latter Day Saints Category:Canadian people of English descent Category:Canadian television actors Category:Independent Spirit Award winners Category:Living people Category:Mouseketeers Category:People from Cornwall, Ontario Category:People from London, Ontario

uk:Раян Ґослінг]

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