- go to the top
- About WN
- Contact
- Feedback
- Privacy Policy
- © 2012 World News Inc., all Rights Reserved
Ravenna
Loading suggestions ...
-
Aistulf
Aistulf (died 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His father was the Duke Pemmo.
http://wn.com/Aistulf -
Alaric I
Alaric I (Alareiks in the original Gothic) was likely born about 370 on an island named Peuce (the Fir) at the mouth of the Danube in present day Romania. King of the Visigoths from 395–410, Alaric was the first Germanic leader to take the city of Rome. Having originally desired to settle his people in the Roman Empire, he finally sacked the city, marking the decline of imperial power in the west.
http://wn.com/Alaric_I -
Alexander Blok
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blok (, – 7 August 1921)
http://wn.com/Alexander_Blok -
Arminius
Arminius, also known as Armin or Hermann (b. 18 BC/17 BC in Magna Germania; d. AD 21 in Germania) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. His influence held an allied coalition of Germanic tribes together in opposition to the Romans but after decisive defeats to the Roman general Germanicus, nephew of the Emperor Tiberius, his influence waned and he was assassinated on the orders of rival Germanic chiefs. Although Arminius was ultimately unsuccessful in forging unity among the Germanic tribes, the loss of the Roman legions in the Teutoburg forest had a far-reaching effect on the subsequent history of both the ancient Germanic tribes and on the Roman Empire. Germanicus' campaign was the last major Roman military effort east of the Rhine.
http://wn.com/Arminius -
Augustus
:For other uses of Octavius, see Octavius (disambiguation). For other uses of Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). For other uses of Augustus, see Augustus (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Augustus -
Belisarius
Flavius Belisarius (, ca. AD 500 – AD 565) was one of the greatest generals of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. He was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously.
http://wn.com/Belisarius -
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (; , meaning Charles the Great; possibly 74228 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) from 800 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800. This temporarily made him a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople. His rule is also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign conquests and internal reforms, Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the Middle Ages. He is numbered as Charles I in the regnal lists of France, Germany (where he is known as Karl der Große), and the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne wished to expand his kingdom by "the sword and the cross". He wished to see his kingdom grow, but he also wanted Christianity to be taught in all the kingdoms he conquered as well. Charlemagne was a Catholic and a strong believer in his faith.
http://wn.com/Charlemagne -
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (May/June c.1265September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. He was born in Florence; he died and is buried in Ravenna.
http://wn.com/Dante_Alighieri -
Emperor Honorius
http://wn.com/Emperor_Honorius -
Etruscans
http://wn.com/Etruscans -
Euphemia
The Great Martyr Euphemia (), known as the All-praised in the Orthodox Church is a Christian saint, who was martyred for her faith at Chalcedon, c. 304-307 A.D.
http://wn.com/Euphemia -
Franks
The Franks ( or gens Francorum) were a West Germanic tribal confederation first attested in the third century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite would be one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe.
http://wn.com/Franks -
Galla Placidia
Aelia Galla Placidia (392 – November 27, 450), daughter of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, was the consort of Ataulf king of the Goths and after his death the Empress consort of Constantius III, Western Roman Emperor.
http://wn.com/Galla_Placidia -
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse () (July 2, 1877 – August 9, 1962) was a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game (also known as Magister Ludi), each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality.
http://wn.com/Hermann_Hesse -
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, most of the major states of Western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and Scotland) as well as the Ottoman Empire. Originally arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars rapidly became a general struggle for power and territory among their various participants, and were marked with an increasing degree of alliances, counter-alliances, and regular betrayals.
http://wn.com/Italian_Wars -
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
http://wn.com/Julius_Caesar -
Justinian I
Justinian I (; lang-el|; 483 – 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.
http://wn.com/Justinian_I -
Lombards
The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe who settled in the valley of the Danube and from there invaded Byzantine Italy in 568 under the leadership of Alboin. They established a Lombard Kingdom, later named Kingdom of Italy, which lasted until 774, when it was conquered by the Franks. Their influence on Italian political geography is apparent in the regional appellation Lombardy.
http://wn.com/Lombards -
Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was an English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. Amongst Byron's best-known works are the brief poems She Walks in Beauty, When We Two Parted, and ''So, we'll go no more a roving, in addition to the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan''. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential.
http://wn.com/Lord_Byron -
Luca Longhi
Luca Longhi (1507–1580) was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, born and active near Ravenna, where he mainly produced religious paintings and portraits.
http://wn.com/Luca_Longhi -
Marbod
http://wn.com/Marbod -
Marcomanni
The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Buri, Suebi or Suevi.
http://wn.com/Marcomanni -
Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N) (January 14, 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark (or Marc) Antony (or Anthony), was a Roman politician and general. He was an important supporter and the loyal friend of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, despite his blood ties, through his mother Julia, to the branch of Caesars opposed to the Marians and murdered by them. After Caesar's assassination, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian (Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate.
http://wn.com/Mark_Antony -
Odoacer
Flavius Odoacer (435–493), also known as Flavius Odovacer, was the 5th-century King of Italy, whose reign is commonly seen as marking the end of the classical Roman Empire in Western Europe and the beginning of the Middle Ages. He is considered the first non-Roman to ever have ruled all of Italy.
http://wn.com/Odoacer -
Oscar Wilde
'''Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde''' (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer, poet, and prominent aesthete; who, after writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the tragedy of his imprisonment and early death.
http://wn.com/Oscar_Wilde -
Ostrogoth
http://wn.com/Ostrogoth -
Ostrogothic Kingdom
The Ostrogothic Kingdom established by the Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas lasted from 493 to 553. In Italy the Ostrogoths replaced Odoacer, the de facto ruler of Italy who had deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The Gothic kingdom reached its zenith under the rule of its first king, Theodoric the Great. Most of the social institutions in the late Western Roman Empire were preserved during his rule.
http://wn.com/Ostrogothic_Kingdom -
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths () were a branch of the Goths (the other branch being the Visigoths), an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in political events of the last decades of the Roman Empire. The Ostrogoths established the Kingdom of Italy, a relatively short-lived successor state of the Western Roman Empire.
http://wn.com/Ostrogoths -
Pippin the Younger
http://wn.com/Pippin_the_Younger -
Pope Adrian I
Pope Adrian (c. 700 – December 25, 795) was pope from February 1, 772 to December 25, 795. He was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman.
http://wn.com/Pope_Adrian_I -
Pope Stephen II
:In sources prior to the 1960s, this Pope is sometimes called Stephen III and Pope-elect Stephen is sometimes called Stephen II. See Pope-elect Stephen for detailed explanations.
http://wn.com/Pope_Stephen_II -
Theodoric the Great
Flavius Theodericus, also known as Theodoric the Great (; ; , (''Theυ'ðerichos'', ); ; ; ), 454 – 30 August 526, was king of the Ostrogoths (471 – 526), ruler of Italy (493 – 526), regent of the Visigoths (511 – 526), and a viceroy of the Eastern Roman Empire. His Gothic name "Þiuda reiks" translates into "people's king". He became a hero of Germanic legend.
http://wn.com/Theodoric_the_Great -
Theodosius I
Flavius Theodosius (11 January 347 – 17 January 395), commonly known as Theodosius I or Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from 378 to 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. During his reign, the Goths secured control of Illyricum after the Gothic War - establishing their homeland south of the Danube within the empire's borders. He is known for making Nicene Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire, issuing decrees that effectively worked towards melding the Roman state and the Christian Church into a single de facto church-state entity.
http://wn.com/Theodosius_I -
Theodosius II
Theodosius II (; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450), commonly surnamed Theodosius the Younger, or Theodosius the Calligrapher, was the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 408 to 450. He is mostly known for promulgating the Theodosian law code, and for the construction of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism.
http://wn.com/Theodosius_II -
Thomas Middleton
Thomas Middleton (18 April 1580 – 1627) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. Middleton stands with John Fletcher and Ben Jonson as among the most successful and prolific of playwrights who wrote their best plays during the Jacobean period. He was one of the few Renaissance dramatists to achieve equal success in comedy and tragedy. Also a prolific writer of masques and pageants, he remains one of the most noteworthy and distinctive of Jacobean dramatists.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Middleton -
Thusnelda
:This article is about the Germanic princess. For the video codec project, see Theora.
http://wn.com/Thusnelda -
Trajan
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (18 September 53 – 9 August 117), commonly known as Trajan, was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117. Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica, Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a general in the Roman army along the German frontier, Trajan successfully put down the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89. In September 96, Domitian was succeeded by Marcus Cocceius Nerva, an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on 27 January 98, and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident.
http://wn.com/Trajan -
Traversari
http://wn.com/Traversari -
Umbri
The Umbri were an Italic people of ancient Italy. A region called Umbria still exists and is currently occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria.
http://wn.com/Umbri -
Valentinian III
Flavius Placidius Valentinianus (2 July 419 – 16 March 455), commonly known as Valentinian III, was Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455.
http://wn.com/Valentinian_III -
Visigoths
The Visigoths () were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe; the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the barbarians who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. The romanized Visigoths first emerged as a distinct people during the 4th century, initially in the Balkans, where they participated in several wars with Rome. A Visigothic army under Alaric I eventually moved into Italy and famously sacked Rome in 410.
http://wn.com/Visigoths -
Zeno (emperor)
Zeno (; ; c. 425 – 9 April 491), originally named Tarasis, was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491. Domestic revolts and religious dissension plagued his reign, which nevertheless succeeded to some extent in foreign issues. His reign saw the end of the Western Roman Empire under Julius Nepos and Romulus Augustulus, but he contributed much to stabilizing the eastern Empire.
http://wn.com/Zeno_(emperor)
-
Adriatic
http://wn.com/Adriatic -
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
http://wn.com/Adriatic_Sea -
Arian Baptistry
The Arian Baptistry in Ravenna, Italy was erected by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great between the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the sixth century. It is thus contemporary with the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo.
http://wn.com/Arian_Baptistry -
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil -
Chichester
Chichester () is a cathedral city in West Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
http://wn.com/Chichester -
Cisalpine Republic
The Cisalpine Republic () was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.
http://wn.com/Cisalpine_Republic -
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia -
Dubrovnik
|
http://wn.com/Dubrovnik -
Etruscans
http://wn.com/Etruscans -
Ferrara
Ferrara is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th century and 15th century, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has been qualified by UNESCO as World Heritage Site.
http://wn.com/Ferrara -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Hungary
Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
http://wn.com/Hungary -
Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
http://wn.com/Italy -
Milan
Milan (, ; Western Lombard: Milan, ) is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,310,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of . The Milan metropolitan area, by far the largest in Italy, is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 7,400,000.
http://wn.com/Milan -
Neonian Baptistery
http://wn.com/Neonian_Baptistery -
Norway
Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.8 million. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; and Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
http://wn.com/Norway -
Ostrogothic Kingdom
The Ostrogothic Kingdom established by the Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas lasted from 493 to 553. In Italy the Ostrogoths replaced Odoacer, the de facto ruler of Italy who had deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The Gothic kingdom reached its zenith under the rule of its first king, Theodoric the Great. Most of the social institutions in the late Western Roman Empire were preserved during his rule.
http://wn.com/Ostrogothic_Kingdom -
Papal States
The Papal State(s), State(s) of the Church, or Pontifical States (, also Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa, Stati Pontifici, and Stato Ecclesiastico; , also Dicio Pontificia) were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870).
http://wn.com/Papal_States -
Rimini
Rimini () is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, near the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient Ariminus) and the Ausa River (Aprusa). Coast navigation and fishing are traditional industries and, together with Riccione, it is probably the most famous seaside resort on the Adriatic Riviera.
http://wn.com/Rimini -
Romagna
Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west. The region's major cities include Ravenna, Cesena, Faenza, Forlì, Imola, Rimini and City of San Marino (San Marino is a separate landlocked nation inside the Romagna historical region). The region has been recently formally expanded with the transfer of seven comuni (Casteldelci, Maiolo, Novafeltria, Pennabilli, San Leo, Sant'Agata Feltria, Talamello) from the Marche region, all of which are comuni where Romagnolo dialect is spoken.
http://wn.com/Romagna -
Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
http://wn.com/Rome -
Rubicon
The Rubicon (Latin: Rubicō, Italian: Rubicone) is a shallow river in northeastern Italy, about 80 kilometres long, running from the Apennine Mountains to the Adriatic Sea through the southern Emilia-Romagna region, between the towns of Rimini and Cesena. The Latin word rubico comes from the adjective 'rubeus', meaning 'red'. The river was so named because its waters are colored red by mud deposits.
http://wn.com/Rubicon -
Szekszárd
Szekszárd () is a city in Hungary and the capital of Tolna county. By population Szekszárd is the smallest county capital in Hungary; by area it is the second smallest (after Tatabánya.)
http://wn.com/Szekszárd -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
Venice
Venice ( , Venetian: Venesia) is a city in northern Italy known both for tourism and for industry, and is the capital of the region Veneto, with a population of about 272,000 (census estimate 1 January 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000).
http://wn.com/Venice -
Verona
Verona () is a city in Veneto, northern Italy, home to approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the second most populated municipality of the region and the third of North-East Italy. The metro area of Verona has an area of and has a population of 714.274 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy, thanks to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows, and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans.
http://wn.com/Verona
- Adriatic
- Adriatic Sea
- Aistulf
- Alaric I
- Alexander Blok
- Amalasunta
- Aqueduct (Roman)
- archbishop
- Arian Baptistry
- Arianism
- Arminius
- Augustus
- autocephaly
- Baroque
- Battle of Verona
- Belisarius
- Bologna
- Bologna Airport
- Brazil
- Byzantine Empire
- canals
- capital city
- Charlemagne
- Chartres
- Chichester
- Cisalpine Republic
- comune
- Croatia
- Da Polenta
- Dante
- Dante Alighieri
- Divina Commedia
- Don Juan (Byron)
- Dubrovnik
- Eastern Roman Empire
- Emilia-Romagna
- Emperor Honorius
- Etruscans
- Euphemia
- Exarch
- Exarchate of Ravenna
- Ferrara
- Forlì Airport
- France
- Franks
- Galla Placidia
- Germany
- Gothic War (535–554)
- Hermann Hesse
- Hungary
- Italian Wars
- Italy
- Julius Caesar
- Justinian I
- King Liutprand
- Lombards
- Lord Byron
- Luca Longhi
- Marbod
- Marcomanni
- Mark Antony
- Middle Ages
- Milan
- mosaic
- Neonian Baptistery
- Norway
- Odoacer
- orthodox Christian
- Oscar Wilde
- Ostrogoth
- Ostrogothic Kingdom
- Ostrogoths
- Ottonian
- Palace of Theoderic
- Papal States
- Pippin the Younger
- Po River
- Pope
- Pope Adrian I
- Pope Stephen II
- Port of Ravenna
- Project Gutenberg
- Province of Ravenna
- Ravenna Cosmography
- Red Desert (film)
- Republic of Venice
- Rimini
- Rimini Airport
- Rocca Brancaleone
- Romagna
- Romagnol language
- Roman Navy
- Roman Republic
- Rome
- Rubicon
- San Salvatore
- seaport
- Senones
- Speyer
- Stone Carpets Domus
- Szekszárd
- The Witch
- Theodoric the Great
- Theodosius I
- Theodosius II
- Thessalians
- Thomas Middleton
- Thusnelda
- town twinning
- Trajan
- Traversari
- Trenitalia
- Tønsberg
- Umbri
- unification of Italy
- United Kingdom
- Valentinian III
- Venice
- Verona
- Visigoths
- Western Roman Empire
- World Heritage List
- Zeno (emperor)
Ravenna, Domenico Filmography
- La bambola di Satana (1969)
- Il dolce corpo di Deborah (1968)
- Silenzio: Si uccide (1967)
- A 008, operazione Sterminio (1965)
Ravenna, Giovanni Filmography
- Le tre illusioni (1921)
- La medaglia e il rovescio (1920)
- La via dolorosa (1919)
- Il piacere (1918)
- Il re, le Torri e gli Alfieri (1917)
- Il mio cadavere (1917)
- Il malefico anello (1916)
Fahey, Ravenna Filmography
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Ravenna, Italy: Bits of Byzantium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 04 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 30 Jan 2012
- Author: RickSteves
Quiet Ravenna, a city of 140000 with a car-free center, masks a fascinating history stretching back long before its stint as part of the Venetian Empire. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.
http://wn.com/Ravenna,_Italy_Bits_of_Byzantium
Ravenna Woods - The Doe Bay Sessions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Published: 01 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Feb 2012
- Author: soundonthesound
Trees make the best percussion. Filmed Friday August the 13th during the Doe Bay Fest on Orcas Island. Read the original post: www.soundonthesound.com Produced by Abbey Simmons and Josh Lovseth Filmed and Edited by Tyler Kalberg Sound and Mix by Chris Proff Songs by Ravenna Woods: ravennawoods.net
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Woods__The_Doe_Bay_Sessions
RAVENNA Italy - the city of mosaics by Cehulić family
★★★★★ www.europeroadtrip.net ★★★★★ Ravenna is a treasure chest of art, history and culture of the highest order, a city with ancient origins and a glorious past and capital three times, of the Western Roman Empire, of King Theodoric of the Goths and of the Byzantine Empire in Europe. 0 The Mausoleum of Theodoric (Mausoleo di Teodorico) is an ancient monument just outside Ravenna. 0:26 It was built in 520 AD by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb. 0:32 The roof of the Mausoleum of Theodoric is a single 300--ton Istrian stone, 10 meters in diameter. 0:47 Eight early Christian monuments of Ravenna are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. 1:05 The Baptistry of Neon (Battistero Neoniano) was part of Basilica. 1:20 The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. 1:35 The Church of San Vitale is the most important example of early Christian Byzantine Art and architecture in western Europe. 1:51 Ravenna was the capital of the Western Roman Empire 402 to 476 AD. 2:09 The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, the daughter of the Emperor Theodosius I. 2:29 Ravenna is a walker's paradise with main sights in a walking distance. 2:45 The Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo was palace chapel of Theodoric. 3:12 Basilica of Sant' Apollinare in Classe is an imposing brick structure. 3:32 The round bell tower with mullioned windows was added in 9th century.
http://wn.com/RAVENNA_Italy__the_city_of_mosaics_by_Cehulić_family
San Vitale Ravenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Published: 14 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 06 Jan 2011
- Author: Diomedes1962
Byzantine Mosaics San Vitale Ravenna 526 to 547 AD: this first mosaic depicts a youthful, clean-shaven Christ the Redeemer sitting on the sphere of the world, flanked by San Vitale (who is being handed a martyr's crown), two angels, and Bishop Ecclesius, who founded the church, and dates from 526 to 547 AD. Other mosaics also depict sacrifices from the Old Testament: the story of Abraham and Melchizedek, and the Sacrifice of Isaac; the story of Moses and the Burning Bush, Jeremiah and Isaiah, representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel, and the story of Abel and Cain. A pair of angels, holding a medallion with a cross, crowns each lunette. All these mosaics are executed in the Hellenistic-Roman tradition: lively and imaginative, with rich colours and a certain perspective, and with a vivid depiction of the landscape, plants and birds, typical of Byzantine architecture. Inside, the the triumphal arch is decorated with fifteen mosai, depicting Jesus Christ, the twelve Apostles and Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius, the sons of Saint Vitale.
http://wn.com/San_Vitale_Ravenna
Ravenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Published: 13 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 26 Nov 2011
- Author: THEWORLDOFTRAVEL
Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna was the capital of the Western Roman Empire from 402 till 476. It was later the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna till 751. From that year till the invasion of Franks, it was the seat of the king of the Lombards and equalled to Pavia by Aistulf. It is presently the capital of the Province of Ravenna. At 652.89 km² (252.08 sq mi), Ravenna is the second-largest comune in land area in Italy, although it is only a little more than half the size of the largest, Rome. ( source Wikipedia )
http://wn.com/Ravenna
Ravenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Published: 14 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 18 Jan 2012
- Author: AllegraGeller84
Video dei Ravenna del maggio 2007
http://wn.com/Ravenna
Ravenna Woods - Graves
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 08 May 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Feb 2012
- Author: maxbarsana
An animated music video I made for the band Ravenna Woods. Using the song Graves off their new album. Hope you enjoy.
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Woods__Graves
Ravenna Woods - Ghosts (Live on KEXP)
Ravenna Woods performs "Ghosts" live for KEXP from the Caffe Vita Bean Room during the 2010 Capitol Hill Block Party. Recorded 7/23/10.
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Woods__Ghosts_Live_on_KEXP
Ravenna Woods "In the World"
Ravenna Woods - official music video for 'In the World' from the album 'Demons and Lakes' Directed by Blaine Ludy. Circusy firey fun at a Seattle DIY artspace!
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Woods_In_the_World
Ravenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Published: 24 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
- Author: Travelcontent
Ravenna è una città dell'Emilia-Romagna di 157.050 abitanti, capoluogo della provincia omonima, città più grande e storicamente più importante della Romagna. Il suo territorio comunale è per estensione il secondo in Italia, superato solo da quello di Roma, e occupa oltre un terzo del territorio della provincia. Nonostante il centro città disti circa 8km dal mare le propaggini urbane si affacciano direttamente sull'Adriatico con le località di Marina di Ravenna, Punta Marina Terme e Lido Adriano. Ravenna è stata capitale tre volte: * dell'Impero Romano d'Occidente (402 - 476) [2]; * del Regno degli Ostrogoti (493 - 553); * dell'Esarcato bizantino (568 - 751). Per le vestigia di questo luminoso passato, Ravenna è una delle pochissime città del mondo a vantare ben otto monumenti dichiarati Patrimonio dell'Umanità dall'UNESCO Negli ultimi 10 anni la città ha conosciuto un periodo di grande espansione. Alla crescita demografica si è affiancata una serie di progetti architettionici che si concentrano in particolare attorno al canale Candiano, che collega la città al mare Adriatico. La Darsena di città e le antiche zone portuali sono al centro della rivoluzione urbanistica che la città conoscerà nel prossimi anni con la creazione di zone verdi, viali, zone a carattere commerciale, del polo nautico e del Tecnopolo per l'energia. ( source Wikipedia )
http://wn.com/Ravenna
June 20, 2011 Nebraska tornado intercept!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Published: 22 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: TornadoVideosdotnet
D2 intercepts a strong tornado just north of Ravenna, NE with vertical radar on June 20, 2011, launching 5 parachute probes from the west side of the circulation. Meanwhile, D1 with Kevin Barton and Hyperion's Gerald Godbold intercept direct center of the same tornado further east where extensive tree and structural damage was observed.
http://wn.com/June_20,_2011_Nebraska_tornado_intercept!
Ravenna Woods - In The World (Live on KEXP)
Ravenna Woods performs "In The World" live for KEXP from the Caffe Vita Bean Room during the 2010 Capitol Hill Block Party. Recorded 7/23/10.
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Woods__In_The_World_Live_on_KEXP
Betty's Lunch with Family at Michael's in Ravenna, KY --NO RECIPE--
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:02
- Published: 19 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Jan 2012
- Author: bettyskitchen
In this video, Betty and her family have lunch at Michael's in the small town of Ravenna, Kentucky. I was accompanied by my husband, Rick, our daughter, Chelsea, our son-in-law, Chris, and our grandson, Carter. Michael Woolery owns the restaurant, and he provides a bountiful buffet of Central Kentucky foods. You will see the type of food that is served on an daily basis in homes in Central Kentucky. The food was delicious, and I will be making something from the buffet bar for you later. I hope you enjoy coming along! --Betty
http://wn.com/Betty's_Lunch_with_Family_at_Michael's_in_Ravenna,_KY_--NO_RECIPE--
DARK FUNERAL - 01.Ravenna Strigoi Mortii (Live in Essen 98)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 12 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 24 Oct 2011
- Author: godhatemaster
01. RAVENNA STRIGOI MORTII Live in Essen, Germany 1998-10-08
http://wn.com/DARK_FUNERAL__01Ravenna_Strigoi_Mortii_Live_in_Essen_98
Harp Music Composition (Ravenna 34)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Published: 31 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Feb 2012
- Author: Lisztlovers
This is my first composition for harp (I started playing 3 weeks ago, so I am really beginning). The harp is a Ravenna 34 strings. Copyright Lisztlovers
http://wn.com/Harp_Music_Composition_Ravenna_34
Dark Funeral, Ravenna Strigoi Mortii ''subtitulos en español
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Published: 18 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 10 Dec 2011
- Author: DELINFIERNOALATIERRA
Dark Funeral Ravenna Strigoi Mortii
http://wn.com/Dark_Funeral,_Ravenna_Strigoi_Mortii_''subtitulos_en_español
Mosaic Art Works - Mosaic Art School, Ravenna - ITALY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 19 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 11 Dec 2011
- Author: MosaicSchool
A quick tour at the Mosaic Art School, Ravenna - Italy The School still preserves the ancient tradition of mosaic, adopting the same techniques and tools used by the Roman and Byzantine artists. For more info, please contact the school at: info@mosaicschool.com
http://wn.com/Mosaic_Art_Works__Mosaic_Art_School,_Ravenna__ITALY
dark funeral ravenna strigoi mortii live tilburg 05 03 06 dvdrip x264 2007 mtsv int
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Published: 10 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Jan 2012
- Author: aeturnus111
Michel Zylberberg - Ravenna - Italia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Published: 12 Jul 2007
- Uploaded: 13 Jan 2012
- Author: naotemcomoesquecer
Curtindo Ravenna ea praia no verazão europeu, bom demais!!! Enjoying Ravenna and the beach in the european summer, really nice!! Meu blog: www.rodandopelomundo.com
http://wn.com/Michel_Zylberberg__Ravenna__Italia
Ottawa County Scanner Audio of Ravenna Bank Robbery Chase
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Published: 14 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Nov 2011
- Author: UnrealNate
Scanner audio of robbery suspects. RIP Officer Slot of Walker Police.
http://wn.com/Ottawa_County_Scanner_Audio_of_Ravenna_Bank_Robbery_Chase
Lakeview Drive - Ravenna (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Published: 17 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
- Author: lakeviewdrivenc
Music Video For single "Ravenna" Check out the band on these Social Networks: Facebook - www.facebook.com/lakeviewdrive Twitter - www.twitter.com/lakeviewdrivenc
http://wn.com/Lakeview_Drive__Ravenna_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Creative Commons / Gunther Hissler
Creative Commons![Gadwalls (Anas strepera) on the west pond. The little grasslands, modest ponds, and lake shoreline of the UBNA is a sanctuary for birds (most dramatically crested cormorants, great blue herons, and eagles);[6] turtles and frogs may be seen.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120207040029im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/55/74/efb65174f950cd9df09d69c4b80d_small.jpg "Gadwalls (Anas strepera) on the west pond. The little grasslands, modest ponds, and lake shoreline of the UBNA is a sanctuary for birds (most dramatically crested cormorants, great blue herons, and eagles);[6] turtles and frogs may be seen.")
Creative Commons / Walter Siegmund
Creative Commons
US DoD / Sgt. Sean Mathis, U.S. Army
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Galleria degli Uffizi
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons![The express lanes on the Ship Canal Bridge. Interstate 5 has 7.14 miles (11.49 km)[2] of reversible express lanes within Seattle](http://web.archive.org./web/20120207040029im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/91/05/ddf7ad8f8b8ce7b3ceb695e08ef5_small.jpg "The express lanes on the Ship Canal Bridge. Interstate 5 has 7.14 miles (11.49 km)[2] of reversible express lanes within Seattle")
Creative Commons / Kéiryn
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / [[User:Zaqarbal|Zaqarbal]] ([[Template:GFDL-self|GFDL-self]])
Creative Commons / MarmadukePercy
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
![Gadwalls (Anas strepera) on the west pond. The little grasslands, modest ponds, and lake shoreline of the UBNA is a sanctuary for birds (most dramatically crested cormorants, great blue herons, and eagles);[6] turtles and frogs may be seen.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120207040029/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/55/74/efb65174f950cd9df09d69c4b80d_medium.jpg "Gadwalls (Anas strepera) on the west pond. The little grasslands, modest ponds, and lake shoreline of the UBNA is a sanctuary for birds (most dramatically crested cormorants, great blue herons, and eagles);[6] turtles and frogs may be seen.")
![The express lanes on the Ship Canal Bridge. Interstate 5 has 7.14 miles (11.49 km)[2] of reversible express lanes within Seattle](http://web.archive.org./web/20120207040029/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/91/05/ddf7ad8f8b8ce7b3ceb695e08ef5_medium.jpg "The express lanes on the Ship Canal Bridge. Interstate 5 has 7.14 miles (11.49 km)[2] of reversible express lanes within Seattle")
Most Popular
-
Angelina Jolie is pregnant, expecting twins again
The Examiner
-
Romney Should be Concerned about Poverty, Especially His Own
WorldNews.com
-
US and Israel working together on Iran, says Obama
BBC News
-
Science behind the big freeze: is climate change bringing the Arctic to Europe?
The Independent
-
Syria crisis: China defends veto of UN resolution
BBC News
RELATED LINKS
- Aachen
- Adriatic
- Adriatic Sea
- Aistulf
- Alaric I
- Alexander Blok
- Amalasunta
- Aqueduct (Roman)
- archbishop
- Arian Baptistry
- Arianism
- Arminius
- Augustus
- autocephaly
- Baroque
- Battle of Verona
- Belisarius
- Bologna
- Bologna Airport
- Brazil
- Byzantine Empire
- canals
- capital city
- Charlemagne
- Chartres
- Chichester
- Cisalpine Republic
- comune
- Croatia
- Da Polenta
- Dante
- Dante Alighieri
- Divina Commedia
- Don Juan (Byron)
- Dubrovnik
- Eastern Roman Empire
- Emilia-Romagna
- Emperor Honorius
- Etruscans
- Euphemia
- Exarch
- Exarchate of Ravenna
- Ferrara
- Forlì Airport
- France
- Franks
- Galla Placidia
- Germany
- Gothic War (535–554)
- Hermann Hesse
- Hungary
- Italian Wars
- Italy
- Julius Caesar
- Justinian I
- King Liutprand
- Lombards
- Lord Byron
- Luca Longhi
- Marbod
Ohio
Ravenna senior running back D.J. Jones said Thursday that he will attend the University of Akron to play football. Jones and Ravens coach Jim Lunardi each confirmed that Zips coach Terry Bowden and running back coach Trent Boykin recruited the 5-foot-9 and 190-pound standout to UA. “I am going...
size: 6.5Kb
size: 6.5Kb
Man killed in Ravenna house fire
12 Dec 2011
MSNBC
The Ravenna Fire Department responded to a fatal house fire Saturday evening. They received a call just before 9 p.m. for a house fire on the 400 block of S. Meridian...
size: 1.1Kb
size: 1.1Kb
Ohio
Boston Heights is getting $50,000 in federal funds for the village’s first comprehensive land-use and transportation plan. Ravenna is getting $50,000 to create a safer alternative for pedestrians, bicyclists and transit riders along state Route 44 in the city and Ravenna and Rootstown...
size: 2.6Kb
size: 2.6Kb
The Examiner
Ravenna Woods are emerging from the lush and rich Northwest musical forest but they have been doing anything but living in hibernation. The group that defines their sound as "hardcore acoustic," has announced their partnership with Chicago based Red Ryder Entertainment. This...
size: 6.8Kb
size: 6.8Kb
Ravenna police cruiser shot at during pursuit of Portage County robbery suspects; 2 arrested
05 Dec 2011
Ohio
Portage County sheriff’s deputies say they have arrested two men who fired shots and led law enforcement on a hunt through the Ravenna Arsenal following a robbery early...
size: 1.2Kb
size: 1.2Kb
'1Q84' a favorite at Ravenna Third Place Books
04 Dec 2011
Seattle Times
Local Scene Current best-sellers at Ravenna Third Place Books, 6504 20th Ave. N.E. Seattle (206-525-2347)....
size: 0.7Kb
size: 0.7Kb
[Ravenna] Danneggiate automobili
21 Nov 2011
IMC
Ravenna - Danneggiate automobili Riceviamo da mail anonima: Nella notte tra il 19 e il 20 Novembre, a Ravenna, con l'aiuto di una splendida nebbia avvolgente, abbiamo localizzato e colpito 12 automobili tra cui: - 7 macchine dell'ENI, società esportatriche di morte e distruzione - 3 suv - 1 macchina...
size: 13.8Kb
size: 13.8Kb
Ravenna: Hit skip driver flees on foot
13 Nov 2011
MSNBC
Troopers from the Ravenna Post of the Ohio State Highway Patrol are investigating a two-vehicle crash that left one driver seriously injured while the other driver fled the scene on foot....
size: 1.2Kb
size: 1.2Kb
Ohio
Robinson Memorial Hospital warned Thursday that a man impersonating a hospital doctor has been calling local residents seeking personal information. The calls typically have been made at night and show up as “private caller” on residents’ caller...
size: 1.7Kb
size: 1.7Kb
| Coordinates | 50°54′″N18°43′″N |
|---|---|
| name | Ravenna |
| official name | Comune di Ravenna |
| image shield | Ravenna-Stemma.png |
| coordinates display | title |
| region | Emilia-Romagna |
| province | Ravenna (RA) |
| frazioni | Casalborsetti, Lido di Savio, Lido di Classe, Lido di Dante, Lido Adriano, Marina di Ravenna, Punta Marina Terme, Porto Corsini, Porto Fuori, Marina Romea, Ammonite, Camerlona, Mandriole, Savarna, Grattacoppa, Conventello, Torri, Mezzano, Sant'Antonio, San Romualdo, Sant'Alberto, Borgo Montone, Fornace Zarattini, Piangipane, San Marco, San Michele, Santerno, Villanova di Ravenna, Borgo Sisa, Bastia, Borgo Faina, Carraie, Campiano, Casemurate, Caserma, Castiglione di Ravenna, Classe, Coccolia, Ducenta, Durazzano, Filetto, Fosso Ghiaia, Gambellara, Ghibullo, Longana, Madonna dell'Albero, Massa Castello, Mensa Matellica, Osteria, Pilastro, Roncalceci, Ragone, Santo Stefano, San Bartolo, San Zaccaria, Savio, S. Pietro in Trento, San Pietro in Vincoli, San Pietro in Campiano |
| mayor party | Democratic Party |
| mayor | Fabrizio Matteucci |
| area total km2 | 652.89 |
| population total | 159.497 |
| population as of | 31 march 2011 |
| population demonym | Ravennati |
| elevation m | 4 |
| saint | Saint Apollinaris |
| day | July 23 |
| postal code | 48100 |
| area code | 0544 |
| website | |
| footnotes | }} |
| whs | Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna |
|---|---|
| state party | |
| id | 788 |
| type | Cultural |
| criteria | i, ii, iii,iv |
| region | Europe and North America |
| year | 1996 }} |
Ravenna [ra'ven:a] (Romagnol: ''Ravêna'') is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and the second largest ''comune'' in Italy by land area, although, at , it is little more than half the size of the largest ''commune'', Rome. Ravenna was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until the empire's collapse in 476. Afterwards, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths. Later, the city formed the centre of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until the invasion of the Franks in 751, after which it then became the seat of the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Although an inland city, Ravenna is connected to the Adriatic Sea by the Candiano Canal. It is the location of eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
History
The origin of the name ''Ravenna'' is unclear, although it is believed the name is Etruscan. Some have speculated that "ravenna" is related to "Rasenna" (later "Rasna"), the term that the Etruscans used for themselves, but there is no agreement on this point.
Ancient era
The origins of Ravenna are uncertain. The first settlement is variously attributed to (and then has seen the copresence of) the Thessalians, the Etruscans and the Umbrians, afterwards its territory was settled also by the Senones, especially the southern countryside of the city (that wasn't part of the lagoon), the ''Ager Decimanus''. Ravenna consisted of houses built on piles on a series of small islands in a marshy lagoon – a situation similar to Venice several centuries later. The Romans ignored it during their conquest of the Po River Delta, but later accepted it into the Roman Republic as a federated town in 89 BC. In 49 BC, it was the location where Julius Caesar gathered his forces before crossing the Rubicon. Later, after his battle against Mark Antony in 31 BC, Emperor Augustus founded the military harbor of Classe. This harbor, protected at first by its own walls, was an important station of the Roman Imperial Fleet. Nowadays the city is landlocked, but Ravenna remained an important seaport on the Adriatic until the early Middle Ages. During the German campaigns, Thusnelda, widow of Arminius, and Marbod, King of the Marcomanni, were confined at Ravenna.Ravenna greatly prospered under Roman rule. Emperor Trajan built a long aqueduct at the beginning of the 2nd century. In AD 402, Emperor Honorius transferred the capital of the Western Roman Empire from Milan to Ravenna. The transfer was made primarily for defensive purposes: Ravenna was surrounded by swamps and marshes and had ease of access to Imperial forces of the Eastern Roman Empire. However, in 409, King Alaric I of the Visigoths simply bypassed Ravenna, and went on to sack Rome and to take Galla Placidia, daughter of Emperor Theodosius I, hostage. After many vicissitudes, Galla Placidia returned to Ravenna with her son, Emperor Valentinian III and the support of her nephew Theodosius II. Ravenna enjoyed a period of peace, during which time the Christian religion was favoured by the imperial court, and the city gained its most famous monuments, both secular (demolished) and Christian (largely preserved).
The late 400s saw the dissolution of Roman authority in the west--historians conventionally treat the year 476 as the marker for the "fall" of the western Roman Empire. Eastern Emperor Zeno sent Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great to re-take the Italian peninsula. After the Battle of Verona, Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a siege of three years by Theodoric, until the taking of Rimini deprived Ravenna of supplies. After Theodoric slew Odoacer, Ravenna was the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy.
After 493, Theodoric employed Roman architects for secular and religious structures, including the lost palace near Sant'Apollinare Nuovo; the "Palace of Theodoric" was an outbuilding. Theodoric and his followers were Arians, but co-existed peacefully with the Latins. He allowed Roman citizens within his kingdom to be subject to Roman law and the Roman judicial system. The Goths, meanwhile, lived under their own laws and customs. In 519, when a mob had burned down the synagogues of Ravenna, Theodoric ordered the town to rebuild them at its own expense. Theodoric died in 526 and was succeeded by his daughter Amalasunta, who was killed in 535.
However, the orthodox Christian Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, opposed both Ostrogoth rule and the Arian variety of Christianity. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. Ravenna became the seat of Byzantine government in Italy.
The ''Restauratio Imperii'' in Ravenna also benefited from the nearby harbour of Classe (Classis), which is sometimes called the Pompeii of Late Antiquity. The most representative remnant of that period is the church of St. Apollinaris (6th–7th century of the Christian Era), whose relics were laid in the church. Although Classe was founded during the Roman period, it grew mainly during the Late Empire. As Ravenna's port, it was one of the key exchange platforms in the 6th–7th century, and the main harbour of the Italian Adriatic seashore.
Exarchate of Ravenna
Following the conquests of Belisarius for the Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine governor of Italy, the Exarch, and was known as the Exarchate of Ravenna. It was at this time that the Ravenna Cosmography was written.
Middle Ages and Renaissance
The Lombards, under King Liutprand, occupied Ravenna in 712, but were forced to return it to the Byzantines. However, in 751 the Lombard king, Aistulf, succeeded in conquering Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy.King Pepin of France attacked the Lombards under orders of Pope Stephen II. Ravenna then became territory of the Papal States in 784. In return, Pope Adrian I authorized King Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked. Charlemagne made three looting expeditions to Ravenna, removing a vast quantity of Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items to enrich his capital of Aachen.
Under Papal rule, the archbishop of Ravenna enjoyed autocephaly from the Roman Church – a privilege obtained under Byzantine rule. Due to donations by the Ottonian emperors, the archbishop of Ravenna was the richest in Italy after the Papacy, and was thus successfully able to challenge the temporal authority of the Pope on occasion.
In 1198 Ravenna led a league of Romagna cities against the Emperor, and the Pope was able to subdue it. After the war of 1218 the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, which lasted until 1240. After a short period under an Imperial vicar, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until, in 1275, the Da Polenta established their long-lasting seigniory. One of the most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled poet Dante. The last of the Da Polenta, Ostasio III, was ousted by the Republic of Venice in 1440, and the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.
Ravenna was ruled by Venice until 1509, when the area was invaded in the course of the Italian Wars. In 1512, during the Holy League wars, Ravenna was sacked by the French.
After the Venetian withdrawal, Ravenna was again ruled by legates of the Pope as part of the Papal States. The city was damaged in a tremendous flood in May 1636. Over the next 300 years, a network of canals diverted nearby rivers and drained nearby swamps, thus reducing the possibility of flooding and creating a large belt of agricultural land around the city.
Modern age
Apart from another short occupation by Venice (1527–1529), Ravenna was part of the Papal States until 1796, when it was annexed to the French puppet state of the Cisalpine Republic, (Italian Republic from 1802, and Kingdom of Italy from 1805). It was returned to the Papal States in 1814. Occupied by Piedmontese troops in 1859, Ravenna and the surrounding Romagna area became part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
Main sights
Eight early Christian monuments of Ravenna are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These are
Other attractions include:
Transport
Ravenna has an important commercial and tourist port.By road, it can be reached through from the highway hub of Bologna or, from Venice, with State Road 309 "Romea". From Rome the fastest connections is the E45 International Road; the other main connection to southern Italy is the State Street 16 "Adriatica".
Ravenna railway station has Trenitalia connections to Bologna, Ferrara, Venice, Verona and Rimini.
The nearest airports are those of Forlì, Rimini and Bologna.
In literature
In film
Michelangelo Antonioni filmed his 1964 movie ''Red Desert '' (''Deserto Rosso'') within the industrialised areas of the Pialassa valley within the city limits.
Sport
The beaches of Ravenna will host the 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, in September 2011.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Ravenna is twinned with: Chichester, United Kingdom Dubrovnik, Croatia, since 1969 Speyer, Germany, since 1989 Chartres, France, since 1957 Tønsberg, Norway Szekszárd, Hungary Laguna, Brazil
References
;Notes
External links
Tourism and culture Official website
Category:Roman sites of Emilia-Romagna Category:Baroque sites of Emilia-Romagna Category:Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna Category:Capitals of former nations Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy Category:Castles in Italy Category:Former islands Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy
als:Ravenna am:ራቬና ar:رافينا be:Горад Равена bs:Ravenna br:Ravenna bg:Равена ca:Ravenna cv:Равенна cs:Ravenna cy:Ravenna da:Ravenna de:Ravenna et:Ravenna el:Ραβέννα eml:Ravêna es:Rávena eo:Raveno eu:Ravena fa:راونا fr:Ravenne fy:Ravenna (stêd) gl:Ravenna ko:라벤나 hi:रवेना hr:Ravenna id:Ravenna is:Ravenna it:Ravenna he:רוונה ka:რავენა sw:Ravenna la:Ravenna lv:Ravenna lt:Ravena lmo:Ravena hu:Ravenna mk:Равена ms:Ravenna nl:Ravenna (stad) ja:ラヴェンナ nap:Ravenna no:Ravenna nn:Ravenna oc:Ravena pnb:راوینا pms:Ravënna nds:Ravenna pl:Rawenna pt:Ravena ro:Ravenna qu:Ravenna ru:Равенна sc:Ravenna scn:Ravenna simple:Ravenna sk:Ravenna sl:Ravena sr:Равена sh:Ravenna fi:Ravenna sv:Ravenna tl:Lungsod ng Ravenna roa-tara:Ravenna th:ราเวนนา tr:Ravenna uk:Равенна vec:Ravena vi:Ravenna vo:Ravenna war:Ravenna zh:拉文納This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Affiliated Video Suggestions
