Sterling Drug was a global pharmaceutical company based in the United States, known as Sterling-Winthrop, Inc. after the merger with Winthrop-Stearns Inc. (which itself resulted from the merger of Winthrop Chemical Company Inc. and Frederick Stearns & Company) and then as Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, whose primary product lines included diagnostic imaging agents, hormonal products, cardiovascular products, analgesics, antihistamines and muscle relaxants.

Chemical compounds produced by this company are often known by their manufacturing code which consists of the abbreviation WIN (for Winthrop) followed by a number. For example, WIN 18,320 is nalidixic acid, a byproduct of the wartime effort to produce better antimalarials such as chloroquine.

It was started in 1901 (then called Neuralgyline Co.) in Wheeling, West Virginia, by Albert H. Diebold and William E. Weiss, a pharmacist.^[1] In 1918, at the end of World War I, the U.S. assets of the German company now called Bayer AG were sold to Sterling for US$5.3 million (directed under the Alien Property Custodian Act). At the time Sterling, like many other pharmaceutical manufactures, was in the dye business, and sold that division for $2.5 million in 1919 to the Grasselli Chemical Company (based in Linden, New Jersey), which employed many former Bayer personnel.^[2] An October 1920 agreement between Sterling and the German Bayer (called Farbenfabriken Bayer in Leverkusen under the direction of Carl Duisberg of I.G. Farbenindustrie) allowed Sterling to sell aspirin under the Bayer name. In return, Bayer was allowed back into its old Latin American markets. In 1922, 50% of Sterling's new holding company, Winthrop, was given to the German Bayer company, while the American Bayer was allowed to continue using the Bayer name.^[3] In 1923 Sterling purchased a 1/4 interest in The Centaur Company, manufacturers of Charles Henry Fletcher's, Fletcher's Castoria (New York Times, Feb 9, 1923, Page 24, Col 1).

Then, in 1967, Sterling Drug acquired Lehn & Fink, the makers of Lysol, Resolve, Lime-A-Way, and D-Con. In 1974, Sterling opened a manufacturing plant in McPherson, Kansas. The various companies which would eventually acquire Sterling chose to keep the factory open. In 1997, Abbott Laboratories agreed to buy the McPherson plant from Sanofi for $200 million and retain the rights to manufacture injectable drugs manufactured at the facility. In 2006, Abbott Laboratories chose to spin off its hospital products division and formed a new company, Hospira. Hospira added 174 jobs to the McPherson area in 2006.

In 1988, Sterling was acquired by Eastman Kodak for $5.1 billion. In 1993, Eastman Kodak/Sterling Winthrop made a partnership with French pharmaceutical company Elf Sanofi (now known as Sanofi Aventis). In 1994, Sanofi acquired the prescription drug operations of Sterling Winthrop from Eastman Kodak for US$1.675 billion, and then it sold the diagnostic-imaging division a week later to Hafslund Nycomed AS, a Norwegian company, for US$450 million.^[4] Kodak then completely owned the over-the-counter drug business, including Bayer Aspirin and the U.S. rights to the Bayer name and trademarks, and sold them to SmithKline Beecham for US$1 billion, who then sold it back to Bayer AG in 1994 for US$1 billion.^[5][6] Spinoffs from the sale of Sterling include Starwin Products, created in 1987 from Sterling’s original branch in Ghana. The Lehn & Fink division was acquired by Reckitt & Colman (now Reckitt Benckiser) at the time of the deal.

Footnotes[link]

Further reading[link]

Ambruster, H. W. (1947). Treason’s Peace: German Dyes and American Dupes, The Beechhurst Press, New York.

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Sterling Sandmann Knight (born March 5, 1989)^[1] is an American actor, singer-songwriter, comedian and musician. He is best known for his roles in the 2009 film 17 Again as Alex, in Sonny With a Chance and So Random! as Chad Dylan Cooper, and in the Disney Channel Original Movie Starstruck as Christopher Wilde. He performed the title song from the movie StarStruck as Christopher Wilde (all the other songs were performed by Drew Ryan Scott as a vocal double).^{[2][verification needed]}

Personal life[link]

Sterling Knight was born in Houston, Texas.^[1] He has a sister, Samantha Scarlett, and a brother, Spencer Shuga.^[3] He enjoys golfing, snowboarding and guitar. Taking his guitar skills, Sterling formed a YouTube band with fellow star and friend Matt Shively named "Connecting Channels" (in this case the channels connected being Disney Channel and Nickelodeon).^{[citation needed]}

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

Television[link]

Music videos[link]

Discography[link]

Songs[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sterling Knight at the Internet Movie Database

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William Aiken (1779–1831), or William Aiken, Sr., was the founder and president of the pioneering South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company.^[1]

Born in 1779 in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, he immigrated to Charleston, South Carolina at age 10. He married Henrietta Watt in 1801. They raised two children, living in 456 King Street from 1807 until his death in 1831.

The railroad was organized in a meeting at this house in 1827, and Aiken was chosen as President. Construction of the railroad began in January 1830. He was killed in a Charleston carriage accident caused by the train's noise frightening his horse, on May 5, 1831. The railroad was completed in 1833, and was the longest railroad, at 136 miles, under one management, in the world.^[1]

A historic district comprising one of his homes and selected structures of the railway, William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures, was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and was further declared to be a National Historic Landmark.

Also another home of his known as the Robinson-Aiken House, which his son, William Aiken, Jr., a governor of South Carolina, acquired after his death, also was listed on the National Register. This home is also known as the Gov. William Aiken House.^[2]

References[link]

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