- go to the top
- About WN
- Contact
- Feedback
- Privacy Policy
- © 2012 World News Inc., all Rights Reserved
Prince
Loading suggestions ...
-
Charles X of Sweden
http://wn.com/Charles_X_of_Sweden -
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. The common ancestor of all the languages in this branch is Proto-Germanic (also known as Common Germanic), spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe. Proto-Germanic, along with all of its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm's law. Early varieties of Germanic enter history with the Germanic peoples moving south from northern Europe in the second century BC, to settle in northern central Europe.
http://wn.com/Germanic_languages -
Hamad bin Khalifa
http://wn.com/Hamad_bin_Khalifa -
House of Croÿ
The House of Croÿ is an international family of European mediatized nobility which held a seat in the Imperial Diet from 1486, and was elevated to the rank of Imperial Princes in 1594. In 1913 the family had branches in Belgium, France, Prussia, Hungary,and Serbia.
http://wn.com/House_of_Croÿ -
House of Luxemburg
http://wn.com/House_of_Luxemburg -
Jesus Christ
http://wn.com/Jesus_Christ -
Lichnowsky
http://wn.com/Lichnowsky -
Louis VI of France
Louis VI (1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137), called the Fat (), was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137). Chronicles called him "roi de Saint-Denis".
http://wn.com/Louis_VI_of_France -
Manuel Godoy
http://wn.com/Manuel_Godoy -
Muhammad
Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh (; ; also spelled Muhammed or Mohammed) (ca. 570/571 Mecca[مَكَةَ ]/[ مَكَهْ ] – June 8, 632), was the founder of the religion of Islam, and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets, and, by most Muslims, the last prophet as taught by the . Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets. He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action. In Michael H. Hart's The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Muhammad is described as the most influential person in history. Hart asserted that Muhammad was "supremely successful" in both the religious and secular realms.
http://wn.com/Muhammad -
Napoleon I Bonaparte
http://wn.com/Napoleon_I_Bonaparte -
Napoléon I of France
http://wn.com/Napoléon_I_of_France -
Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian philosopher and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He is one of the main founders of modern political science. He was a diplomat, political philosopher, musician, and a playwright, but foremost, he was a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. In June of 1498, after the ouster and execution of Girolamo Savonarola, the Great Council elected Machiavelli as Secretary to the Second of the Republic of Florence.
http://wn.com/Niccolò_Machiavelli -
Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a Prussian/German statesman of the late 19th century, and a dominant figure in world affairs. As Ministerpräsident, or Prime Minister, of Prussia from 1862–1890, he oversaw the unification of Germany. In 1867 he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. He designed the German Empire in 1871, becoming its first Chancellor and dominating its affairs until his dismissal in 1890. His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname "The Iron Chancellor".
http://wn.com/Otto_von_Bismarck -
Pignatelli
http://wn.com/Pignatelli -
Prince Potemkin
http://wn.com/Prince_Potemkin -
Principalia
http://wn.com/Principalia -
Père Anselme
Père Anselme (Father Anselme of the Virgin Mary) (1625 – January 17, 1694) was a French genealogist.
http://wn.com/Père_Anselme -
Roy Bates
http://wn.com/Roy_Bates -
Rurik
Rurik, or Riurik (; ; Old East Norse: Rørik, meaning "famous ruler"; c. 830 – c. 879), was a Varangian chieftain who gained control of Ladoga in 862, built the Holmgard settlement near Novgorod, and founded the Rurik Dynasty which ruled Kievan Rus and then Galicia-Volhynia until the 14th and Muscovy until the 16th century.
http://wn.com/Rurik -
Saint Michael
http://wn.com/Saint_Michael -
Saint Peter
Simon Peter (, Pétros, "stone, rock"; c. 1 BC – AD 67), sometimes called Simon Cephas (, Symōn Kēphas; ; , Sëmʻān Kêfâ) after his name in Hellenized Aramaic, was a leader of the early Christianity, who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. Peter was the son of John or of Jonah, and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee. His brother Andrew was also an apostle. Simon Peter is venerated in multiple churches and regarded as the first Pope by the Roman Catholic Church.
http://wn.com/Saint_Peter -
Talleyrand
http://wn.com/Talleyrand -
Turenne
http://wn.com/Turenne
-
Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi ( , literally Father of deer) is the capital and the second largest city in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. The city proper, making up an area of
http://wn.com/Abu_Dhabi -
Ajman
Ajmān (or Ujman; ) is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (UAE). With an area of just 260 square kilometres, Ajman is the smallest emirate by area. Its seat of government is Ajmān, which is bordered on its north, south, and east by Sharjah.
http://wn.com/Ajman -
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
http://wn.com/Andorra -
Angoumois
Angoumois () was a county and province of France, nearly corresponding today to the Charente département. Its capital was Angoulême.
http://wn.com/Angoumois -
Aquitaine
Aquitaine (; ; ), archaic Guyenne/Guienne (Occitan: Guiana), is one of the 26 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It comprises the 5 departments of Dordogne, Lot et Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes and Gironde. In the Middle Ages Aquitaine was a kingdom and later a duchy, with boundaries considerably larger than the modern ones.
http://wn.com/Aquitaine -
Artois
Artois (; adjective Artesian; ) is a former province of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune.
http://wn.com/Artois -
Auvergne (province)
Auvergne (; Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was a historic province in south central France. It was originally the feudal domain of the Counts of Auvergne. It is now the geographical and cultural area that corresponds to the former province.
http://wn.com/Auvergne_(province) -
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (; , '), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ') is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma (Myanmar) to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. Together with the Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The name Bangladesh means "Country of Bengal" in the official Bengali language.
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. An Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the Seventh Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington combined with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French and marked the end of his Hundred Days' return from exile.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Waterloo -
Brittany
Brittany ( ; , pronounced ; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously as a kingdom and then as a duchy, Brittany was a fief of the Kingdom of France. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain). It is characterized as one of the six Celtic nations.
http://wn.com/Brittany -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
http://wn.com/Burma -
Béarn
Béarn (; Gascon: Bearn or Biarn; ) is a former province of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Basque provinces of Soule, Lower Navarre, and Labourd, the principality of Bidache, as well as small parts of Gascony, it forms in the southwest the current département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64). The capitals of Bearn were Morlaàs (starting ca. 1100), Orthez (starting second half of 13th century), then Pau (beginning in the mid 15th century).
http://wn.com/Béarn -
Cambodia
The "Kingdom of Cambodia" "Royaume du Cambodge" (official name), also known as Cambodia, derived from Sanskrit Kambujadesa ()), is a country in Southeast Asia that borders Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The geography of Cambodia is dominated by rivers and a lake namely: The Mekong River (Upper and Lower) (Khmer: ទន្លេមេគង្គ Tonlé Mékong Pronounced: Tonlé Mékung = Mother Water River), Sab River Tonlé Sap (Khmer: ទន្លេសាប Pronounced: Tonlé Sab = Fresh Water River), Bassac River Tonlé Bassac (Khmer: ទន្លេបាសាក់ Pronounced: Tonlé Bassuck = ?)
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Dauphiné
The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois is a former province in southeastern France, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes.
http://wn.com/Dauphiné -
Dombes
The Dombes (Arpitan : Domba) is an area in South-Eastern France, once an independent municipality, formerly part of the province of Burgundy, and now a district comprised in the département of Ain, and bounded W. by the Saône River, by the Rhône, E. by the Ain and N. by the district of Bresse.
http://wn.com/Dombes -
Dubai
Dubai ( ; ) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.
http://wn.com/Dubai -
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté (; Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté; ) the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, Jura, Haute-Saône and Territoire de Belfort and has a population of 1,159,000 (2008).
http://wn.com/Franche-Comté -
Fujairah
Fujairah (, ) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, and the only one on the Gulf of Oman in the country's east instead of Persian Gulf (the other six emirates).
http://wn.com/Fujairah -
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 AD when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their main seat from Oviedo to the city of León. The County of Portugal separated to become the independent Kingdom of Portugal in 1139 and the eastern, inland part of León was joined to the Kingdom of Castile in 1230.
http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_León -
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
http://wn.com/Kuwait -
Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
http://wn.com/Laos -
Liechtenstein
The Principality of Liechtenstein ( ; , ) is a doubly landlocked alpine microstate in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 km² (about 61.7 square miles), and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz; the biggest town is Schaan. Liechtenstein has the highest gross domestic product per person in the world according to the CIA World Factbook.
http://wn.com/Liechtenstein -
Lorraine (region)
Lorraine (; ; Lorrain: Louréne) is one of the 26 régions of France. The administrative region has two cities of equal importance, Metz and Nancy. Metz is considered to be the official capital since that is where the regional parliament is situated. The region's name is derived from the medieval Lotharingia.
http://wn.com/Lorraine_(region) -
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
http://wn.com/Luxembourg -
Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg (Low German: Mekelnborg) is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The largest cities of the region are Rostock, Schwerin, and Neubrandenburg.
http://wn.com/Mecklenburg -
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco (; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; ; ), is a small sovereign city-state located in South Western Europe on the northern central coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is surrounded on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with an estimated population of almost 33,000.
http://wn.com/Monaco -
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (; Dutch: Noord-Nauw van Kales), Nord for short, is one of the 22 regions of France. It consists of the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais, in the north and has a border with Belgium. Most of the region was once part of the Southern Netherlands, within the Low Countries, and gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678. The historical provinces now included in Nord-Pas-de-Calais are Artois, Boulonnais, Calaisis, Cambraisis, French Flanders, French Hainaut and portions of northern Picardy. These provincial designations are still frequently used by the inhabitants, which offers a sense of civic pride.
http://wn.com/Nord-Pas-de-Calais -
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Picardy
This article is about the historical French province. For other uses, see Picardy (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Picardy -
Pless
http://wn.com/Pless -
Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Qatar -
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (; ; Manchu: , Von Möllendorff: Daicing Gurun), also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 (with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917). It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Qing_Dynasty -
Ras al-Khaimah
Ras al-Khaimah (, , literally "The Top of the Tent"), is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in the east of the Persian Gulf. It is in the northern part of the UAE bordering Oman. The capital city and home of most residents is also called Ras al-Khaimah. The city has a population of 263,217 as of 2008. The city has two main sections, Old Ras Al Khaimah and Nakheel, on either side of a creek. It is served by the Ras Al Khaimah International Airport in Al Jazirah Al Hamra.
http://wn.com/Ras_al-Khaimah -
Sharjah (emirate)
Sharjah (; Arabic: الشارقة ) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The emirate covers 2,600 km² (1,003 mi²) and has a population of over 800,000 (2008). The emirate of Sharjah comprises the city of Sharjah (the seat of the emirate), and other minor towns and enclaves such as Kalba, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.
http://wn.com/Sharjah_(emirate) -
Sultanate of Sulu
:For the province, see Sulu Province.
http://wn.com/Sultanate_of_Sulu -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Umm al-Quwain
Umm al-Quwain (, , literally "Mother of two powers") is one of the emirates in the United Arab Emirates. It is located in the north of the country. The emirate was ruled until his death by Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mu'alla, who was a member of the UAE's Supreme Council since 1981. The emirate had 62,000 inhabitants in 2003 (making it the least populous emirate in the federation) and has an area of 750 square kilometers. Accepted alternative spellings include Umm al Qiwain (used on its former postage stamps) as well as Umm al-Qawain, Umm al-Qaywayn, Umm el-Qiwain, Umm al-Qiwain and Umm al-Qaiwain.
http://wn.com/Umm_al-Quwain -
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) (, , short name: The Emirates, local short name: Al Emarat الامارات) is a federation situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Iran. The UAE consists of seven states, termed emirates, (because they are ruled by Emirs) which are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah. The capital and second largest city of the United Arab Emirates is Abu Dhabi. It is also the country's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates -
Vendée
The Vendée () is a department in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west central France, on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Vendée is taken from the Vendée river which runs through the south-eastern part of the department.
http://wn.com/Vendée -
Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
http://wn.com/Vietnam -
Waldeck and Pyrmont
http://wn.com/Waldeck_and_Pyrmont -
Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
http://wn.com/Wales -
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia ( or ', archaic: ', Cyrillic: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia is sometimes referred to as Muntenia (Greater Wallachia), through identification with the larger of its two traditional sections; the smaller being Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).
http://wn.com/Wallachia
- Aigremont
- Ajman
- allodial title
- ancien régime
- Andorra
- Anet
- Angoumois
- Antibes
- apanage
- appanage
- Aquitaine
- Ardennes
- Artois
- Auctoritas
- Auvergne (province)
- Bagrationi
- Baltic languages
- Bangladesh
- Battle of Waterloo
- Beauvau-Craon
- Berry
- Bidache
- Bouillon
- British Raj
- Brittany
- Burma
- Byzantine Empire
- Béarn
- Bédeille
- Cadet (genealogy)
- cadet branch
- caliphate
- Cambodia
- Carency
- Carolath-Beuthen
- ceremony
- Chabanais
- Chalais
- Champagne, France
- Charles X of Sweden
- Chinese nobility
- Christian
- Christianity
- Château-Porcien
- co-principality
- Colonna
- colony
- Commercy
- concubine
- consortium imperii
- constabulary
- Continental Europe
- count
- count palatine
- Courtenay
- Crown Prince
- Crown-cardinal
- Dauphin of France
- Dauphiné
- de Grasse
- de jure
- Dohna-Schlobitten
- Dombes
- Dominate
- Dubai
- Duchy of Bouillon
- duke
- Duke of Richelieu
- Early Modern Europe
- Elbeuf
- emir
- emperor
- empress
- Faucigny-Lucinge
- federation
- feudalism
- fief
- fils de France
- Flaith
- Foreign Prince
- form of government
- Franche-Comté
- French language
- Fujairah
- Fürst
- Gaelic Ireland
- German language
- Germanic languages
- Grand duchess
- Grand Duchy
- grand duke
- Grand Prince
- Guéméné
- Hamad bin Khalifa
- harem
- head of state
- heir apparent
- Heir presumptive
- hereditary title
- Hill States
- Hindu
- Holy Roman Empire
- House of Bonaparte
- House of Broglie
- House of Capet
- House of Courtenay
- House of Croÿ
- House of Dlamini
- House of Gramont
- house of Lorraine
- House of Luxemburg
- House of Merode
- House of Rohan
- Imperial Russia
- Imperium
- Infanta
- infante
- Islam
- Italian language
- Jesus Christ
- Jo-seon
- Kazoku
- Khan (title)
- khanzada
- king
- King consort
- King regnant
- Kingdom of León
- kingdom of Sicily
- kniaz
- knyaz
- Kuwait
- La Rochefoucauld
- La Trémoille
- La Trémoïlle
- Lamballe
- Lambesc
- landgrave
- Laos
- Latin
- Latin language
- law
- Lichnowsky
- Liechtenstein
- Lieven
- Listenois
- lord
- Lord Bishop
- Lorraine (region)
- Louis VI of France
- Luxembourg
- Madame Royale
- Manuel Godoy
- margrave
- marquess
- Marsillac
- Martigues
- Maubuisson
- Mecklenburg
- medieval
- Mian
- micronation
- Mingrelia
- mint (coin)
- mirza
- Monaco
- monarch
- monarchy
- Monsieur
- Montauban
- Montbazon
- Mortagne-sur-Gironde
- Muhammad
- muster (military)
- Napoleon I Bonaparte
- Napoléon I of France
- nawabzada
- Nepal
- Niccolò Machiavelli
- Nicolas Sarkozy
- nobility
- Nord-Pas-de-Calais
- Normandy
- Oldenburg
- Otto von Bismarck
- padishah
- Pakistan
- patrilineality
- Peace of Westphalia
- Petit-Fils de France
- Pharisees
- Philip von Eulenburg
- Picardy
- Pignatelli
- Pless
- Poix
- Pons
- pope
- Potestas
- prefix
- primogeniture
- Prince Bishop
- prince consort
- Prince du Sang
- prince elector
- Prince Felix Yusupov
- Prince of Achaia
- Prince of Bismarck
- Prince of Carignan
- prince of Condé
- prince of Conti
- Prince of the Church
- prince of Waterloo
- Prince Potemkin
- Prince Regent
- Prince-abbot
- Prince-Bishop
- Prince-elector
- prince-lieutenant
- Prince-Provost
- Princely state
- princely states
- princeps
- princeps senatus
- princess
- Princess consort
- Principalia
- principality
- principate
- Provence
- Père Anselme
- Périgord
- Qatar
- Qing Dynasty
- quasi
- Queen consort
- queen regnant
- Radziwill
- Ras al-Khaimah
- realm
- Regent
- reigning prince
- Renaissance
- Rhône
- Roman Empire
- Roman law
- Roman Senate
- Romance languages
- Romanov
- Roy Bates
- royal duke
- royal family
- Ruffo di Calabria
- Rurik
- Russian language
- Sagan
- sahibzada
- Saint Michael
- Saint Peter
- Saintonge
- Sanskrit
- Satan
- Sedan, France
- Shahzada
- Sharjah (emirate)
- Sheikh
- Sibirsky (surname)
- Slavic languages
- Soubise
- sovereign
- Soyons
- substantive title
- sultan
- Sultanate of Sulu
- sultanzada
- Talleyrand
- Talmond
- Tavadi
- Thailand
- The Crown
- The Prince
- theocracy
- Tonnay-Charente
- treaty
- tribal chief
- tsar
- tsarevich
- Turenne
- Two Sicilies
- Umm al-Quwain
- Union of Lublin
- United Arab Emirates
- Ursel
- Vendée
- Viceroy
- victory title
- Vietnam
- Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Wales
- Wallachia
- Wrede
- Zhou Dynasty
RELEASE
ALBUMS
The 1994 Radio Promo DAT
(Released 2010)
- Interactive
- NPG Operator
- Days of Wild
- The Beautiful Experience (Promo mix)
- NPG Operator
- Now
- Poem
- Acknowledge Me
- 319
- Pheromone
20Ten
(Released 2010)
- Compassion
- Beginning Endlessly
- Future Soul Song
- Sticky Like Glue
- Act of God
- Lavaux
- Walk in Sand
- Sea of Everything
- Everybody Loves Me
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- Laydown
1999
(Released 2009)
- 1999
- Little Red Corvette
- Delirious
- Let's Pretend We're Married
- D.M.S.R.
- Automatic
- Something in the Water (Does Not Compute)
- Free
- Lady Cab Driver
- All the Critics Love U in New York
- International Lover
Sign "☮" the Times
(Released 2009)
- Sign 'O' the Times (unreleased version edit)
- Play in the Sunshine
- Housequake (Razormaid remix edit)
- Ballad of Dorothy Parker
- It (Maniac mix edit)
- Starfish and Coffee (Muppet mix)
- Slow Love
- Hot Thing (Hot dub edit)
- Forever in My Life
- U Got the Look (feat. Sheena Easton)
- If I Was Your Girlfriend
- Strange Relationship (first mix edit)
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man (unreleased version edit)
- The Cross
- It's Gonna Be a Beautiful Night (edit)
- Adore
Planet Earth
(Released 2007)
- Planet Earth
- Guitar
- Somewhere Here on Earth
- The One U Wanna C
- Future Baby Mama
- Mr. Goodnight
- All the Midnights in the World
- Chelsea Rodgers
- Lion of Judah
- Resolution
Ultimate
(Released 2006)
- I Wanna Be Your Lover
- Uptown
- Controversy
- 1999
- Delirious
- When Doves Cry
- I Would Die 4 U
- Purple Rain
- Sign 'O' The Times
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man
- Alphabet St.
- Diamonds and Pearls
- Gett Off
- Money Don't Matter 2 Night
- 7
- Nothing Compares 2 U
- My Name Is Prince
3121
(Released 2006)
- 3121
- Lolita
- Te Amo Corazón
- Black Sweat
- Incense and Candles
- Love
- Satisfied
- Fury
- The Word
- Beautiful, Loved and Blessed
- The Dance
- Get on the Boat
Xpectation
(Released 2004)
- Xhalation
- Xcogitate
- Xemplify
- Xpectation
- Xotica
- Xogenous
- Xpand
- Xosphere
- Xpedition
- Silver Tanque
- United States Of Division
- Magnificent
- The Dance
- Purple House
- Samples from „Xenophobia” album
- Xotica (live)
The Chocolate Invasion
(Released 2004)
- When Eye Lay My Hands on U
- Judas Smile
- SuperCute
- Underneath the Cream
- Sexme?sexmenot
- Vavoom
- High
- The Dance
- Gamillah
- U Make My Sun Shine
Musicology
(Released 2004)
- Musicology
- Illusion, Coma, Pimp & Circumstance
- A Million Days
- Life 'O' the Party
- Call My Name
- Cinnamon Girl
- What Do U Want Me 2 Do?
- The Marrying Kind
- If Eye Was the Man in Ur Life
- On the Couch
- Dear Mr. Man
- Reflection
Xpectation
(Released 2004)
One Man Jam
(Released 2002)
- Just Another Sucker
- One Man Jam
- Dance to the Music of the World
- Games
- If You Feel Like Dancin'
- If You See Me
- Better Than You Think
- Games (instrumental)
N.E.W.S.
(Released 2002)
12" Archive 2.0
(Released 2001)
- Just Another Sucker (dance mix)
- If You Feel Like Dancin' (dance version)
- If You Feel Like Dancin' (dance version)
- If You Feel Like Dancin' (radio edit)
- Just as Long as We're Together (disco mix)
- Soft and Wet (disco mix)
- Sexy Dancer (long version)
- Gotta Stop (Messin' About)
- Let's Work (dance remix)
- How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?
- Little Red Corvette (dance mix)
- Horny Toad
- Irresistible Bitch
The Rainbow Children
(Released 2001)
- Rainbow Children
- Muse 2 the Pharaoh
- Digital Garden
- The Work, Part 1
- Everywhere
- The Sensual Everafter
- Mellow
- 1+1+1 Is 3
- Deconstruction
- Wedding Feast
- She Loves Me 4 Me
- Family Name
- The Everlasting Now
- Last December
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- [silence]
- Last December (reprise)
The Very Best of Prince
(Released 2001)
- I Wanna Be Your Lover
- 1999
- Little Red Corvette
- When Doves Cry
- Let's Go Crazy
- Purple Rain
- I Would Die 4 U
- Raspberry Beret
- Kiss
- Sign 'O' the Times
- U Got the Look
- Alphabet St.
- Thieves in the Temple
- Gett Off
- Cream
- Diamonds and Pearls
- Money Don't Matter 2 Night
Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic
(Released 2000)
- Rave In2 the Joy Fantastic
- Undisputed (The Moneyapolis mix)
- The Greatest Romance Ever Sold
- Hot Wit U (Nasty Girl remix)
- Tangerine
- So Far, So Pleased (feat. Gwen Stefani)
- The Sun, the Moon and Stars
- Man'o'war (remix)
- Baby Knows (feat. Sheryl Crow)
- I Love U, but I Don't Trust U Anymore
- Beautiful Strange
- Silly Game
- Wherever U Go, Whatever U Do
- Prettyman
The Vault... Old Friends 4 Sale
(Released 1999)
- The Rest of My Life
- It's About That Walk
- She Spoke 2 Me
- 5 Women
- When the Lights Go Down
- My Little Pill
- There Is Lonely
- Old Friends 4 Sale
- Sarah
- Extraordinary
Crystal Ball
(Released 1998)
- Crystal Ball
- Dream Factory
- Acknowledge Me
- Ripopgodazippa
- Love Sign (Shock G's Silky Smooth remix)
- Hide the Bone
- 2morrow
- So Dark
- Movie Star
- Tell Me How U Wanna B Done
Chaos and Disorder
(Released 1996)
- Chaos and Disorder
- I Like It There
- Dinner With Delores
- The Same December
- Right the Wrong
- Zannalee
- I Rock, Therefore I Am
- Into the Light
- I Will
- Dig U Better Dead
- Had U
Emancipation
(Released 1996)
- Jam of the Year
- Right Back Here in My Arms
- Somebody's Somebody
- Get Yo Groove On
- Courtin' Time
- Betcha by Golly Wow!
- We Gets Up
- White Mansion
- Damned If I Do
- I Can't Make U Love Me
- Mr. Happy
- In This Bed I Scream
The Gold Experience
(Released 1995)
- P Control
- NPG Operator
- Endorphinmachine
- Shhh
- We March
- NPG Operator
- The Most Beautiful Girl in the World
- Dolphin
- NPG Operator
- Now
- NPG Operator
- 319
- NPG Operator
- Shy
- Billy Jack Bitch
- I Hate U
- NPG Operator
- Gold
Black Album
(Released 1994)
- Le Grind
- Cindy C.
- Dead on It
- When 2 R in Love
- Bob George
- Superfunkycalifragisexy
- 2 Nigs United 4 West Compton
- Rockhard in a Funky Place
Come
(Released 1994)
The Undertaker
(Released 1993)
The Hits/The B-Sides
(Released 1993)
- When Doves Cry
- Pop Life
- Soft and Wet
- I Feel for You
- Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?
- When You Were Mine
- Uptown
- Let's Go Crazy
- 1999
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man
- Nothing Compares 2 U (live)
- Adore
- Pink Cashmere
- Alphabet St.
- Sign "O" the Times
- Thieves in the Temple
- Diamonds and Pearls
- 7
The Hits 2
(Released 1993)
- Controversy
- Dirty Mind
- I Wanna Be Your Lover
- Head
- Do Me, Baby
- Delirious
- Little Red Corvette
- I Would Die 4 U
- Raspberry Beret
- If I Was Your Girlfriend
- Kiss
- Peach
- U Got the Look
- Sexy M.F.
- Gett Off
- Cream
- Pope
- Purple Rain
The Hits 1
(Released 1993)
- When Doves Cry
- Pop Life
- Soft and Wet
- I Feel for You
- Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?
- When You Were Mine
- Uptown
- Let's Go Crazy
- 1999
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man
- Nothing Compares 2 U
- Adore
- Pink Cashmere
- Alphabet St.
- Sign 'o' the Times
- Thieves in the Temple
- Diamonds and Pearls
- 7
Graffiti Bridge
(Released 1990)
- Can't Stop This Feeling I Got
- New Power Generation
- Release It
- The Question of U
- Elephants & Flowers
- Round and Round
- We Can Funk
- Joy in Repetition
- Love Machine
- Tick, Tick, Bang
- Shake!
- Thieves in the Temple
- The Latest Fashion
- Melody Cool
- Still Would Stand All Time
- Graffiti Bridge (feat. Mavis Staples & Tevin Campbell)
- New Power Generation, Part II (feat. Mavis Staples, Tevin Campbell, T.C. Ellis & Robin Power)
Batman
(Released 1989)
- The Future
- Electric Chair
- The Arms of Orion (feat. Sheena Easton)
- Partyman
- Vicki Waiting
- Trust
- Lemon Crush
- Scandalous
- Batdance
Lovesexy
(Released 1988)
Dirty Mind
(Released 1987)
For You
(Released 1987)
- For You
- In Love
- Soft and Wet
- Crazy You
- Just as Long as We're Together
- Baby
- My Love Is Forever
- So Blue
- I'm Yours
Camille
(Released 1986)
- Rebirth Of The Flesh
- Housequake
- Strange Relationship
- Feel U Up
- Shockadelica
- Good Love
- If I was your Girlfriend
- Rockhard In A Funky Place
Studio Nights: The Rebels
(Released 1979)
- You
- Too Long
- Loving You
- Thrill Or Kill You
- Disco Away
- Instrumental
- Instrumental
- If I Love U Tonight
- Turn Me On
- Baby, Baby, Baby
- Nadeara
- Faked Kfunk Interview
Prince
(Released 1979)
- I Wanna Be Your Lover
- Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?
- Sexy Dancer
- When We're Dancing Close and Slow
- With You
- Bambi
- Still Waiting
- I Feel for You
- It's Gonna Be Lonely
- Pussy Control
- NPG Operator
- Peach
- Chaos And Disorder
- Shy
- NPG Operator
- Pheromone
- 319
- Hide The Bone
- 18 & Over
- NPG Operator
- (Lemme See That Body Get) Loose!
- Papa
- Dark
- NPG Operator
- Billy Jack Bitch
- I Hate U
- Let It Go
- Don't Talk To Strangers
- Welcome 2 The Dawn
- NPG Operator
- Come (part 1)
- Endorphinmachine
- Space
- We March
- Days Of Wild
- NPG Operator
- The Most Beautiful Girl In The World
- The Pope
- Ripopgodazippa
- NPG Operator
- Race
- Empty Room
- NPG Operator
- Mad
- Rock & Roll is Alive!
- Shhh
- Strays Of The World
- Interactive
- Acknowledge Me
- NPG Operator
- Somebody's Somebody
- Love Sign
- What's My Name
- The Ride
- Zannalee
- NPG Operator
- Now
- Face Down
- NPG Operator
- 2morrow
- The Same December
- Extraordinary
- Dolphin
- Come (part 2)
- NPG Operator
- Gold
- Mad Sex
- Da Bang
- 2morrow
- Snowman
- It Takes Three
- Days Of Wild
- Head (Remix)
- Pop Life (Remix)
- Love Machine
- The Max (Instrumental)
- Soul Psychodelicide
- Player
- She Gave Her Angels
- The Rest Of My Live
- Make Believe
- I'll Do Anything
- Don't Talk 2 Strangers
- My Little Pill
- Empty Room
- There Is Lonely
- Be My Mirror
- Wow
- Epilogue / The End
- Good Man
- Your Love Is So Hard
- 100 MPH
- Crucial
- Turn It Up
- Turn It Up (Extended Portion)
- Feel U Up
- Irresistible Bitch
- Chocolate
- Can I Play With U?
- Moonbeam Levels
- Heaven
- No Call U
- Alphabet St. (Acoustic)
- Baby, You're A Trip
- Eternity
- I Wanna Be Your Lover
- Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?
- Sexy Dancer
- When We're Dancing Close and Slow
- With You
- Bambi
- Still Waiting
- I Feel for You
- It's Gonna Be Lonely
- Love or $ (extended version)
- Alexa De Paris (extended version)
- Pop Life (Fresh dance mix)
- Raspberry Beret (New mix)
- Paisley Park (remix)
- She's Always in My Hair (New mix)
- Hello (Fresh dance mix)
- U Got the Look (long Look)
- Housequake (7 Minutes Mo' Quake)
- Hot Thing (extended remix)
- Hot Thing (Hot dub)
- The Sacrifice of Victor
- Black Motherfucker
- Race
- The Ride
- Honkey Tonk Women
- Jailhouse Rock
- Come
- Endorphinemachine
- Peach
- I Hear Your Voice
- Come (from PA)
- Endorphinemachine (from PA)
- Deuce & A Quarter
- 2gether
- My Tender Heart
- Race (from PA)
- I Need Love
- This Groove
- Allegiance
- Johnny
- Kiss (demo)
- Kiss (DMC)
- Gett Off (DMC)
- Controversy (Warner Bros. promo mix)
- Purple Party Mix
- When Doves Cry (Warner Bros. promo mix)
- Thunder (DJ edit mix)
- Glamslam (DMC)
- Batman (DMC)
- Lets Go Crazy (Warmer Bros. promo mix)
- Gotta Stop Messin' Around (rare)
- Just as Long as We're Together (Hot Trax)
- Come
- The P
- Soul Psychodelicide
- Martika's Kitchen
- Don't Say U Love Me
- Love... Thy Will Be Done
- Spirit
- Mad
- Funky Design
- Bliss
- Mind Bells
- Kiss
- Face Down (Money mix)
- Face Down (instrumental)
- Face Down (a cappella)
- Gangster Glam (House 7'' mix)
- Gangster Glam (Groove 7'' mix)
- I Would Die 4 U (extended version)
- Another Lonely Christmas
- God (instrumental)
- God (vocal)
- Paisley Park (remix)
- Raspberry Beret (new mix)
- She's Always in My Hair (new mix)
- Pop Life (extended version)
- Pop Life (Fresh Dance mix)
- Hello
- Days Of Wild
- Billy Jack Bitch
- Rock'n'roll Is Alive (And It Lives In Minneapolis) (Tony Fly Mix)
- Empty Room
- Zannalee
- Calhoun Square
- Love Sign (Remix)
- Mad
- Funky Design
- Snow Man
- Ain't No Place Like U
- House Of Brick (Brick House)
- Love's No Fun
- If I Could Get Your Attention
- Latino Barbie Doll
- If I Love U 2night
- However Much U Want
- Free The Music
- Work That Fat
- The P
- MPLS (12' Remix)
- Poem
- Endorphinmachine
- Come
- The Ryde Dyvine
- Loose! (Dub)
- 18 & Over
- Space
- Guitar Segue
- Asswoop
- Ethereal Segue
- Parlour Games
- Michael Segue
- Got 2 (Give It Up)
- Sonny & Miles Segue
- 24
- The Grand Progression
- Soul Psychodelicide
- We Can Funk
- Your Love Is So Hard
- Play
- Heaven Is Keeping The Score
- Segue
- Oobey Doop
- My Tree
- A Positive Place
- Seven Corners
- Murph Drag
- 9 Lives
- Love Machine
- Corporate Soul
- My Summertime Thang
- The Latest Fashion
- Splash
- Wonderfull Ass
- Eternity
- Can I Play With U?
- U Gotta Shake Something
- Dream Factory Intro
- Dream Factory
- Train
- Strange Relationship
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man
- A Place in Heaven
- Witness 4 the Prosecution
- Moviestar
- The Cross
- All My Dreams
- Turn It Up
- Do Yourself A Favour
- Purple Music
- D.M.S.R.
- Extra Lovable
- No Call U
- Something In The Water (Does Not Compute)
- Delirious
- Moonbeam Levels
- Baby, You're A Trip
- Lust U Always (Instrumental)
- Chocolate
- Visions
- Nevaeh Ni Ecalp A
- Dream Factory
- Train
- The Ballad of Dorothy Parker
- It
- Strange Relationship
- Slow Love
- Starfish & Coffee
- Interlude
- I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man
- Sign o' the Times
- Crystal Ball
- A Place in Heaven
- Last Heart
- Witness 4 the Prosecution
- Movie Star
- The Cross
- All My Dreams
- Housequake (7 Minutes MoQuake)
- Hot Thing (Extended Remix)
- Alphabet St. (This Is Not Music This Is A Trip)
- Glam Slam (Remix)
- I Wish U Heaven (Part 1, 2 and 3)
- Batdance (The Batmix)
- Partyman (Purple Party Mix)
- Scadalous (The Scandalous Sex Suite)
- Intro
- Party Man (extended)
- Darling Nikki
- Poor Little Bastard
- 7 Corners
- Electric Intercouse
- Segue
- Extraordinary
- Flashlight
- Undertaker 1
- Release Urself
- Segue - Jazzy!
- On Sale Now
- Wet Dream Cousin
- Extra Loveable
- Well Done
- Superhero
- Baby Go-go
- Whit Mansion
- Seven (acoustic version)
- Space (acoustic version)
- When Doves Cry (Fatboy Slim remix)
- Outro
- Le Grind
- Cindy C.
- Dead on It
- When Two R in Love
- Bob George
- Superfunkycalifragisexy
- 2 Nigs United 4 West Compton
- Rockhard in a Funky Place
- Crystal Ball - Witness
- Wonderful Ass
- If U Break My Heart 1 More Time
- Moviestar
- She Wants a Place in Heaven
- Girl of My Dreams
- Can't Stop
- We Can Funk
- The Ride
- Poor Goo
- Honky-Tonk Woman
- Bambi
- The Undertaker
- Dolphin
- Billy Jack Bitch
- The Most Beautiful Girl in the World
- Loose
- Shoop
- It's Alright
- I Believe in You
- Maybe Your Baby (feat. Stevie Wonder) (live)
- Sign "O" the Times
- When Doves Cry
- Gett Off
- Sexy M.F.
- New Power Generation
- 1999
- Kiss
- Batdance
- Cream
- Melody Cool (feat. Mavis Staples)
- I Like It There
- Let's Go Crazy
- U Got the Look
- Controversy
- Raspberry Beret
- Emancipation
- Peach
- Little Red Corvette
- Controversy
- Sexuality
- Do Me, Baby
- Private Joy
- Ronnie, Talk to Russia
- Let's Work
- Annie Christian
- Jack U Off
- One Nite Alone
- U're Gonna C Me
- Here on Earth
- A Case of You
- Have a Heart
- Objects in the Mirror
- Avalanche
- Pearls B4 the Swine
- Young and Beautiful
- Arboretum (instrumental)
- Prologue
- Baby Go-Go
- Vibrator
- Do Yourself a Favour
- Vibrator (Dialogue)
- Witness 4 the Prosecution
- Old Friends 4 Sale
- Girl o' My Dreams
- Can't Stop the Feeling I Got
- We Can Funk
- Movie Star
- Crystal Ball
- The Ball
- Rebirth of the Flesh
- Wonderful Ass
- Wendy's Parade
- Others Here With Us
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
***Purple Rain "Original Movie edit" ***
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Published: 07 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: bigpapasnakeyes
Song in movie Complete..... this material belongs to Warner Bros The movie idea was apparently developed by Prince during his "Triple Threat" tour. Initially the script was to be darker and more coherent. Prince intended to cast Vanity, leader of the girl group Vanity 6, but she left the group before filming began. Her role was initially offered to Jennifer Beals (who turned it down because she wanted to concentrate on college) before going to Apollonia Kotero, a virtual unknown at the time. Excluding Prince and his on-screen parents, almost every actor in the movie uses their actual name. Although the film was considered "outrageous" at that time by Warner Bros., it was finally accepted for distribution thanks to music industry PR man Howard Bloom. Filmed almost entirely in Minneapolis, the film features many local landmarks, including the Crystal Court of the IDS Center (also shown in segments of the opening credits to The Mary Tyler Moore Show) and the legendary First Avenue nightclub. A notable error, either geographic or taxi fare related, shows Apollonia running up (and bailing on) a $37.75 cab fare going from the Greyhound Station to the nightclub. In reality, they were just across the street from each other. The Huntington Hotel which Apollonia stayed in is located at 752 S. Main Street, Los Angeles, CA 90014. This was a late pickup shot and is shown in the movie to be across the street from First Avenue though it clearly is not. The motorcycle Prince rides in the <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/***Purple_Rain_Original_Movie_edit_***
Prince - Purple Rain.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:47
- Published: 29 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 10 Dec 2011
- Author: HunterBear1974
Prince
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Published: 29 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: konduktor53
Prince performing on Jay Leno
http://wn.com/Prince
4-13-11 Prince Shows off Guitar, Talks Being Vegetarian, & Discusses Music on Lopez Tonight
PRINCE BRINGS THE PURPLE TO LOPEZ TONIGHT & PERFORMS A COUPLE OF SONGS TO GIVE HIS FANS WHAT THEY HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. THIS IS VIDEO 1 OF 3 CLICK ON THE LINKS TO WATCH THE REST OF THE VIDEOS. ENJOY VIDEO 1 ("LAYDOWN" PERFORMANCE) LINK = bit.ly VIDEO 2 (THE PRINCE INTERVIEW) LINK = bit.ly VIDEO 3 ("THE BEAUTIFUL ONE'S") LINK bit.ly VIDEO 4 (YOU'RE THE ONE FOR ME) LINK = bit.ly
http://wn.com/4-13-11_Prince_Shows_off_Guitar,_Talks_Being_Vegetarian,_Discusses_Music_on_Lopez_Tonight
Prince - Gett Off.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 29 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: HunterBear1974
Get off - 23 positions in a one night stand Get off - I'll only call you after if you say I can Get off - let a woman be a woman and a man be a man Get off - if you want to baby here I am
http://wn.com/Prince__Gett_Off
Prince - The Beautiful Ones.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 15 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: HunterBear1974
Prince - When Doves Cry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Published: 17 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: NummyNibbs
"When Doves Cry" is from Prince's 1984 album, Purple Rain
http://wn.com/Prince__When_Doves_Cry
Prince - The Most Beautiful Girl In The World
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Published: 02 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: NPGRecordM
Prince - The Most Beautiful Girl In The World
http://wn.com/Prince__The_Most_Beautiful_Girl_In_The_World
While My Guitar Gently Weeps - Prince Solo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 18 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: BadappleOC
2004 Rock N Roll Hall of Fame Inductuction. Prince performed for his own induction but was also a guest performer for George Harrison's induction.
http://wn.com/While_My_Guitar_Gently_Weeps__Prince_Solo
Michael Jackson, Prince & James Brown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Published: 06 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: MichaelJackson4ever9
Michael, Prince & James on stage together in 1983.. (Michael is so cute!)
http://wn.com/Michael_Jackson,_Prince_James_Brown
Kevin Smith: Prince part 1
Part 1 of Kevin Smith talking about his week with Prince. Buy the DVD: An evening with Kevin Smith.
http://wn.com/Kevin_Smith_Prince_part_1
4-13-11 Prince & The New Power Generation Perform "Laydown" Live! on Lopez Tonight
PRINCE BRINGS THE PURPLE TO LOPEZ TONIGHT & PERFORMS A COUPLE OF SONGS TO GIVE HIS FANS WHAT THEY HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. THIS IS VIDEO 1 OF 3 CLICK ON THE LINKS TO WATCH THE REST OF THE VIDEOS. ENJOY VIDEO 1 ("LAYDOWN" PERFORMANCE) LINK = bit.ly VIDEO 2 (THE PRINCE INTERVIEW) LINK = bit.ly VIDEO 3 ("THE BEAUTIFUL ONE'S") LINK bit.ly VIDEO 4 (YOU'RE THE ONE FOR ME) LINK = bit.ly
http://wn.com/4-13-11_Prince_The_New_Power_Generation_Perform_Laydown_Live!_on_Lopez_Tonight
Prince talks about Chemtrails on TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 29 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: TheBelovedFighter021
Well, the artist formerly known as Prince...
http://wn.com/Prince_talks_about_Chemtrails_on_TV
Cream-Prince.flv
Lyrics: This is it It's time for u to go to the wire U will hit Cuz u got the burnin' desire It's your time (Time) U got the horn so why don't u blow it U are fine (Fine) U're filthy cute and baby u know it Cream Get on top Cream U will cop Cream Don't u stop Cream Sh-boogie doo wop U're...
http://wn.com/Cream-Princeflv
PRINCE -purple rain -long version-
PRINCE y esta version extendida del tema purple rain
http://wn.com/PRINCE_-purple_rain_-long_version-
Prince - Little Red Corvette
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 14 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: HenryRifles
I guess I should've known by the way U parked your car sideways That it wouldn't last See, U're the kinda person that believes in makin' out once Love 'em and leave 'em fast I guess I must be dumb cuz U had a pocket full of horses Trojan and some of them used But it was Saturday night, I guess that makes it all right And U say - "What have I got 2 lose?" And honey, I say Little Red Corvette Baby, U're much 2 fast (Oh) Little Red Corvette U need a love that's gonna last I guess I should've closed my eyes when U drove me 2 the place Where your horses run free Cuz I felt a little ill when I saw all the pictures Of the jockeys that were there before me Believe it or not, I started 2 worry I wondered if I had enough class But it was Saturday night, I guess that makes it all right And U say - "Baby, have U got enough gas?" Oh yeah! Little Red Corvette Baby, U're much 2 fast (Yes U are) Little Red Corvette U need 2 find a love that's gonna last (Oh, oh) A body like yours oughta be in jail Cuz it's on the verge of bein' obscene Move over, baby, gimme the keys I'm gonna try 2 tame your little red love machine Little Red Corvette Baby, U're much 2 fast Little Red Corvette Need 2 find a love that's gonna last, hey hey Little Red Corvette Honey, U got 2 slow down (Got 2 slow down) Little Red Corvette Cuz if U don't, U're gonna run your little red corvette right in the ground (Little Red Corvette) Right down 2 the ground (Honey, U got 2 slow down) U, U, U got 2 slow down (Little Red <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Prince__Little_Red_Corvette
Prince Of Persia
This is one of the best games ever made! The original Prince Of Persia... Watch the intro and the first level. **** Interested in this game? Check www.abzone.be ***
http://wn.com/Prince_Of_Persia
1999: Prince
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Published: 12 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: ThatIsAnAndroid
1999 by Prince from the album 1999.
http://wn.com/1999_Prince
Prince & The Revolution - Purple Rain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Published: 18 Apr 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: Max62KissForEver
From "Purple Rain (Soundtrack from the Motion Picture)" ©Ⓟ1984 Warner Bros. Records - All Rights Reserved "Purple Rain" was written by Prince Lyrics: I never meant to cause you any sorrow I never meant to cause you any pain I only wanted one time to see you laughing I only...
http://wn.com/Prince_The_Revolution__Purple_Rain
Prince "If I was your Girlfriend"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 02 Feb 2010
- Uploaded: 10 Dec 2011
- Author: aaronmdudley
"If I Was Your Girlfriend" was the second single off Prince's widely-acclaimed 1987 double album Sign ☮ the Times.
http://wn.com/Prince_If_I_was_your_Girlfriend
Prince Turns Fifty
Join us on Facebook at on.fb.me and Follow us on twitter at twitter.com He's hit numerous musical milestones as well as chart positions but now he hits a personal one. Today - the legend that is Prince turns 50
http://wn.com/Prince_Turns_Fifty
photo: AP / Toby Melville, pool
31 Dec 2011
London, Dec 31 (ANI): Prince Harry recently amused himself by throwing snowballs at passersby from the balcony of the winter resort...
size: 0.9Kb
size: 0.9Kb
photo: AP / David Parker, pool
27 Dec 2011
Queen Elizabeth's husband Prince Philip has left hospital, four days after being rushed in for heart surgery and missing the royal family's Christmas celebrations. The outspoken 90-year-old prince...
size: 5.0Kb
size: 5.0Kb
photo: AP / Carl de Souza, pool
27 Dec 2011
Prince Philip was released from hospital today, December 27, at around 9:25 a.m. The Queen's husband had spent four days in hospital following emergency heart surgery and, according to reports, was...
size: 6.1Kb
size: 6.1Kb
Most Popular
RELATED LINKS
- Abu Dhabi
- Aigremont
- Ajman
- allodial title
- ancien régime
- Andorra
- Anet
- Angoumois
- Antibes
- apanage
- appanage
- Aquitaine
- Ardennes
- Artois
- Auctoritas
- Auvergne (province)
- Bagrationi
- Baltic languages
- Bangladesh
- Battle of Waterloo
- Beauvau-Craon
- Berry
- Bidache
- Bouillon
- British Raj
- Brittany
- Burma
- Byzantine Empire
- Béarn
- Bédeille
- Cadet (genealogy)
- cadet branch
- caliphate
- Cambodia
- Carency
- Carolath-Beuthen
- ceremony
- Chabanais
- Chalais
- Champagne, France
- Charles X of Sweden
- Chinese nobility
- Christian
- Christianity
- Château-Porcien
- co-principality
- Colonna
- colony
- Commercy
- concubine
- consortium imperii
- constabulary
- Continental Europe
- count
- count palatine
- Courtenay
- Crown Prince
- Crown-cardinal
- Dauphin of France
- Dauphiné
Analyst: Percentages that - Rangers sign Darvish and Prince Fielder and re-sign Hamilton to long-term deal
13 Jan 2012
The Dallas Morning News
Baseball analyst Tim Kurkjian joined Ben & Skin on KESN-FM 103.3. Here are some highlights: If the Rangers go into this season without a long-term deal for Hamilton or Mike Napoli, this will be the last year for each of those guys in Texas. Wouldn't you agree? Tim Kurkjian: I...
size: 1.9Kb
size: 1.9Kb
Analyst: Rangers have to sign Yu Darvish; besides Texas, Nats only other strong player for Prince Fielder
13 Jan 2012
The Dallas Morning News
Baseball analyst Tim Kurkjian joined Ben & Skin on KESN-FM 103.3. Here are some highlights: What is the latest with regard to Prince Fielder and rumors that involve the Rangers? Tim Kurkjian: I think he's going to be very much involved with the Rangers before this is over. When that's going to...
size: 2.1Kb
size: 2.1Kb
Cameron: Prince would add 'buzz' to DC
13 Jan 2012
MLB
WASHINGTON -- Outfielder Mike Cameron said that free-agent first baseman Prince Fielder would be a great fit for the Nationals because his presence would make them a force in the National League East. Cameron, who recently signed a Minor League deal with Washington, should know. He played with...
size: 2.7Kb
size: 2.7Kb
Richmond Times Dispatch
PRINCE GEORGE (14-1, 8-0 Central) — Pender 4, Taylor 8, Weatherspoon 1,...
size: 0.5Kb
size: 0.5Kb
The Daily Mail
The FA are keeping their distance from the leadership feud within the official England fans' club despite it involving an anti-royal protest aimed at FA president Prince William. It emerged during the unedifying in-fighting between Garford Beck and Mark Perryman for control of the England fans'...
size: 8.3Kb
size: 8.3Kb
The Star
KUALA LUMPUR: The High Court has directed the police to answer to a RM150mil wrongful confinement claim filed by Kelantan prince Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra against them. It was for allegedly stopping him from sending a Bentley Brooklands car to his father in Singapore. Yesterday, deputy...
size: 1.9Kb
size: 1.9Kb
Prince' may come good
12 Jan 2012
The Telegraph India
Bangalore: Jaggy Dhariwal-trained Arabian Prince (Anthony Crastus-up) is fancied to win the 2,000m Chief Minister's Trophy, the feature event at the races, here, on Friday. SELECTIONS...
size: 3.5Kb
size: 3.5Kb
GROVE PREP FOR NOBLE PRINCE
12 Jan 2012
Sporting Life
Noble Prince will have one more run before the Ryanair Chase at the Cheltenham Festival. Paul Nolan's horse won at Prestbury Park as a...
size: 0.9Kb
size: 0.9Kb
THE DWARF-THROWING BILLIONAIRE WHO'S BUYING UP AMERICA: Tales Of The Mysterious Saudi Prince Alwaleed
12 Jan 2012
Business Insider
It was 3 a.m. and Matthew, an American working for a Saudi prince and living in Saudi Arabia, wanted to go home. Not to the palace, the place Matthew called "home," over there. Home, home. California. Away from princes, million-dollar sports cars, and guns. Away from Prince Alwaleed....
size: 4.8Kb
size: 4.8Kb
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun princeps, from primus(first) + capio(to seize), meaning "the chief, most distinguished, ruler, prince".
Historical background
The Latin word prīnceps (older Latin *prīsmo-kaps, literally "the one who takes the first [place/position]"), became the usual title of the informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before the transition to empire, the princeps senatus.Emperor Augustus established the formal position of monarch on the basis of principate, not dominion. He also tasked his grandsons as summer rulers of the city when most of the government were on holiday in the country or attending religious rituals, and, for that task, granted them the title of princeps.
The title has generic and substantive meanings:
Prince as generic for ruler
The original, but now less common use of the word, originated in the application of the Latin word princeps, from Roman, more precisely Byzantine law, and the classical system of government that was the European feudal society. In this sense, a prince is a ruler of a territory which is sovereign, or quasi-sovereign, i.e., exercising substantial (though not all) prerogatives associated with monarchs of independent nations, as was common, for instance, within the historical boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire. In medieval and Early Modern Europe, there were as many as two hundred such territories, especially in Italy, Germany, and Gaelic Ireland. In this sense, "prince" is used of any and all rulers, regardless of actual title or precise rank. This is the Renaissance use of the term found in Niccolò Machiavelli's famous work, Il Principe.As a title, by the end of the medieval era, prince was borne by rulers of territories that were either substantially smaller than or exercised fewer of the rights of sovereignty than did emperors and kings. A lord of even a quite small territory might come to be referred to as a prince before the 13th century, either from translations of a native title into the Latin princeps (as for the hereditary ruler of Wales), or when the lord's territory was allodial. The lord of an allodium owned his lands and exercised prerogatives over the subjects in his territory absolutely, owing no feudal homage or duty as a vassal to a liege lord, nor being subject to any higher jurisdiction. Most small territories designated as principalities during feudal eras were allodial, e.g. the Princedom of Dombes.
Lords who exercised lawful authority over territories and people within a feudal hierarchy were also sometimes regarded as princes in the general sense, especially if they held the rank of count or higher. This is attested in some surviving styles for e.g., British earls, marquesses, and dukes are still addressed by the Crown on ceremonial occasions as high and noble princes (cf. Royal and noble styles).
In parts of the Holy Roman Empire in which primogeniture did not prevail (i.e. Germany), all legitimate agnates had an equal right to the family's hereditary titles. While this meant that offices, such as emperor, king, and elector could only be legally occupied by one dynast at a time, holders of such other titles as duke, margrave, landgrave, count palatine, and prince could only differentiate themselves by adding the name of their appanage to the family's original title. Not only did this tend to proliferate unwieldy titles (e.g. Princess Katherine of Anhalt-Zerbst ane Karl, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Neukastell-Kleeburg), but as agnatic primogeniture gradually became the norm in the Holy Roman Empire by the end of the 18th century, another means of distinguishing the monarch from other members of his dynasty became necessary. Gradual substitution of the title of Prinz for the monarch's title of Fürst occurred, and became customary in all German dynasties except in the grand duchies of Mecklenburg and Oldenburg. Both Prinz and Fürst are translated into English as "prince", but they reflect not only different but mutually exclusive terms.
This distinction had evolved before the 18th century (in most families: Liechtenstein long remained an exception, cadets and females using Fürst/Fürstin into the 19th century) for dynasties headed by a Fürst in Germany. The custom spread through the Continent to such an extent that a renowned imperial general who belonged to a cadet branch of a reigning ducal family, remains best known to history by the generic dynastic title, Prince Eugene of Savoy. Note that the princely title was used as a prefix to his Christian name, which also became customary.
Cadets of France's princes étrangers began to affect similar usage but when, for example, the House of La Tour d'Auvergne's ruling dukes of Bouillon, attempted to use the same style, it was initially resisted by historians such as Père Anselme – who, however, willingly recognized use of territorial titles, i.e. he accepts that the ducal heir apparent is known as prince de Bouillon, but would record in 1728 only that the heir's cousin, the comte d'Oliergues was "known as the Prince Frederick" ("dit le prince Frédéric").
The post-medieval rank of gefürsteter Graf (princely count) embraced but elevated the German equivalent of the intermediate French, English and Spanish nobles. In Germany, these nobles rose to dynastic status by preserving from the Imperial crown (de jure after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648) the exercise of such sovereign prerogatives as the minting of money; the muster of military troops and the right to wage war and contract treaties; local judicial authority and constabular enforcement; and the habit of inter-marrying with sovereign dynasties. Eventually, these titles came to be more highly valued than that of Fürst itself, and by the 19th century, their cadets would become known as Prinzen.
Prince of the blood
Currently, the husband of a queen regnant is usually titled prince or prince consort, whereas the wives of male monarchs take the female equivalent of their husbands' title—the same as is used when a female mounts the throne in her own right, such as empress or queen. In Brazil, Spain and Portugal, however, the husband of a female monarch was accorded the masculine equivalent of her title—at least after she bore him a child. In previous epochs, husbands of queens regnant often shared their consorts' regnal title and rank.
But in cultures which allow the ruler to have several wives (e.g. four in Islam) and/or official concubines, for these women sometimes collectively referred to as harem there are often specific rules determining their hierarchy and a variety of titles, which may distinguish between those whose offspring can be in line for the succeesion or not, or specifically who is mother to the heir to the throne. (E.g. in English language the title "The Prince/Princess" refers to sons/daughters of the ruling monarch)
To complicate matters, the style His Royal Highness, a prefix normally accompanying the title of a dynastic prince, of royal or imperial rank, that is, can be awarded separately (as a compromise or consolation prize, in some sense).
Although the definition above is the one that is most commonly understood, there are also different systems. Depending on country, epoch, and translation, other meanings of prince are possible.
Over the centuries foreign-language titles such as Italian principe, French prince, German Prinz (son of a king or emperor) Fürst (peer), Russian kniaz, etc., are usually translated as prince in English.
Some princely titles are derived from that of national rulers, such as tsarevich from tsar. Other examples are (e)mirza(da), khanzada, nawabzada, sahibzada, shahzada, sultanzada (all using the Persian patronymic suffix -zada, meaning son, descendant).
However, some princely titles develop in unusual ways, such as adoption of a style for dynasts which is not pegged to the ruler's title, but rather continues an old tradition (e.g. grand duke in Romanov Russia), claims dynastic succession to a lost monarchy (e.g. prince de Tarente for the La Trémoïlle heirs to the Neapolitan throne, or is simply assumed by fiat (e.g. prince Français by the House of Bonaparte).
Specific titles
In some dynasties, a specific style other than prince has become customary for dynasts, such as fils de France in the House of Capet, and infante in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil (infante was borne by children of the monarch other than the heir apparent, for whom each realm did use a unique princely title, viz, "Prince Imperial" in Brazil, "Prince of Brazil" in Portugal until 1822, and "Prince of Asturias" in Spain).Sometimes a specific title is commonly used by various dynasties in a region, e.g. Mian in various of the Punjabi princely Hill States (lower Himalayan region in British India).
European dynasties usually awarded apanages to princes of the blood, typically attached to a feudal noble title, such as Britain's royal dukes, the Dauphin in France, the Count of Flanders in Belgium, and the Count of Syracuse in Sicily. Sometimes appanage titles were princely, e.g. Prince of Achaia (Courtenay), prince de Condé (Bourbon), Prince of Carignan (Savoy), but it was the fact that their owners were of princely rank rather than that they held a princely title which ensured their prominence.
:*For the often specific terminology concerning a probable heir apparent, see Crown Prince and links there.
Prince as a substantive title
Other princes derive their title not from dynastic membership as such, but from inheritance of a title named for a specific and historical territory, although the family's possession of prerogatives or properties in that territory may be long past. Such are most of the "princedoms" of France's ancien régime so resented for their pretentiousness by St-Simon. These include the princedoms of Arches-Charleville, Boisbelle-Henrichemont, Chalais, Château-Regnault, Guéméné, Martigues, Mercœur, Sedan, Talmond, Tingrey, and the "kingship'' of Yvetot, among others.===Prince as a reigning monarch===
A prince or princess who is the head of state of a territory that has a monarchy as a form of government is a reigning prince.
Nominal principalities
The current princely monarchies include:
Micronations
In the same tradition some self-proclaimed monarchs of so-called micronations establish themselves as virtual princes:
Princes as representants of a reigning monarch
Various monarchies provide for different modes in which princes of the dynasty can temporarily or permanently share in the style and / or office of the Monarch, e.g. as Regent or Viceroy.Though these offices must not be reserved for members of the ruling dynasty, in some traditions they are, possibly even reflected in the style of the office, e.g. prince-lieutenant in Luxembourg repeatedly filled by the Crown prince before the grand duke's abdication, or in form of consortium imperii.
Some monarchies even have a practice in which the Monarch can formally abdicate in favor of his heir, and yet retain a kingly title with executive power, e.g. Maha Upayuvaraja (Sanskrit for Great Joint King in Cambodia), though sometimes also conferred on powerful regents who exercised executive powers.
Non-dynastic princes
France and the Holy Roman Empire In several countries of the European continent, e.g. in France, prince can be an aristocratic title of someone having a high rank of nobility in chief of a geographical place, but no actual territory and without any necessary link to the royal family, which makes comparing it with e.g. the British system of royal princes difficult.The kings of France started to bestow the style of prince, as a title among the nobility, from the 16th century onwards. These titles were created by elevating a seigneurie to the nominal status of a principality—although prerogatives of sovereignty were never conceded in the letters patent. These titles held no official place in the hierarchy of the nobility, but were often treated as ranking just below dukedoms, since they were often inherited (or assumed) by ducal heirs:
Poland and Russia In Poland specifically, the titles of prince dated either to the times before the Union of Lublin or were granted to Polish nobles by foreign kings, as the law in Poland forbade the king from dividing nobility by granting them hereditary titles. For more information, see The Princely Houses of Poland.
In the Russian system, knyaz, translated as "prince", is the highest degree of official nobility. Members of older dynasties that were eventually subjected to the Russian imperial dynasty were also accorded the title of knyaz -- sometimes after first being allowed to use the higher title of tsarevich (e.g. the Princes Gruzinsky and Sibirsky. Rurikid branches used the knyaz title also after they were succeeded by the Romanovs as the Russian imperial dynasty. An example of this is:
The title of prince in various Western traditions and languages
In each case, the title is followed (when available) by the female form and then (not always available, and obviously rarely applicable to a prince of the blood without a principality) the name of the territorial associated with it, each separated by a slash. If a second title (or set) is also given, then that one is for a Prince of the blood, the first for a principality. Be aware that the absence of a separate title for a prince of the blood may not always mean no such title exists; alternatively, the existence of a word does not imply there is also a reality in the linguistic territory concerned; it may very well be used exclusively to render titles in other languages, regardless whether there is a historical link with any (which often means that linguistic tradition is adopted)
Etymologically, we can discern the following traditions (some languages followed a historical link, e.g. within the Holy Roman Empire, not their language family; some even fail to follow the same logic for certain other aristocratic titles):
Romance languages
Celtic languages
Germanic languages
Slavic and Baltic languages
Other languages
The title of prince in other traditions and languages
The above is essentially the story of European, Christian dynasties and other nobility, also 'exported' to their colonial and other overseas territories and otherwise adopted by rather westernized societies elsewhere (e.g. Haiti).Applying these essentially western concepts, and terminology, to other cultures even when they don't do so, is common but in many respects rather dubious. Different (historical, religious...) backgrounds have also begot significantly different dynastic and nobiliary systems, which are poorly represented by the 'closest' western analogy.
It therefore makes sense to treat these per civilization.
Islamic traditions
East Asian traditions
China
In ancient China, the title of prince developed from being the highest title of nobility (synonymous with duke) in the Zhou Dynasty, to five grades of princes (not counting the sons and grandsons of the emperor) by the time of the fall of the Qing Dynasty.The Chinese word for prince Wang (, literally, King) as Chinese believe the emperor Huang Di () is the ruler of all kings. The most accurate translations of the English word "prince" are Huang Zi (, lit. Son of the Emperor) or Wang Zi (, lit. Son of the King).
Japan
In Japan, the title Kōshaku () was used as the highest title of Kazoku ( Japanese modern nobility) before the present constitution. Kōshaku, however, is more commonly translated as "Duke" to avoid confusion with the following royal ranks in the Imperial Household: Shinnō ( literally, King of the Blood); female Naishinnō ( lit., Queen (by herself) of the Blood); and Shinnōhi lit., Consort of King of the Blood); or Ō ( lit., King); female, Jyo-Ō ( lit., Queen (by herself)); and Ōhi ( lit., Consort of King). The former is the higher title of a male member of the Imperial family while the latter is the lower.
Korea
The title "Prince" was used for the king's male-line descendant. Prince translated generally into three divisions. In Jo-seon, the king's legitimate son used title 대군 (Dae-goun). A son born of a concubine and king's great-great-grandson used 군. Presently, it is usually translated as 왕자.
India
See princely states for the often particular, mainly Hindu titles in former British India, including modern Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Nepal.
Indochina
See Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos
Philippines
See Principalia, the sultanates of Maguindanao and Sulu.
Thailand
In Thailand (formerly Siam), the title of Prince was divided into three classes depending on the rank of their mothers. Those who were born of a King and had a royal mother (a Queen or a Princess consort) are titled Chaofa Chai (: literally, "Male Celestial Lord"). Those born of a King and a commoner or children of Chaofas are tilted Phra Ong Chao (พระองค์เจ้า). The children of Phra Ong Chaos are titled Mom Chao (หม่อมเจ้า), abbreviated as M.C. (or ม.จ.).
African traditions
A Western model was sometimes copied by emancipated colonial regimes (e.g. Bokassa I's short-lived Central-African Empire in Napoleonic fashion). Otherwise, most of the styles for members of ruling families do not lend themselves well to English translation. Nonetheless, in general the princely style has gradually replaced the colonialist title of chief, which does not particularly connote dynastic rank to Westerners, e.g. Swazi Royal Family and Zulu Royal Family.
The title of prince in religion
In states with an element of theocracy, this can affect princehood in several ways, such as the style of the ruler (e.g. with a secondary title meaning son or servant of a named divinity), but also the mode of succession (even reincarnation and recognition).
Furthermore, certain religious offices may be considered of princely rank, and/or imply comparable temporal rights.
The Pope, Cardinals, Prince Bishops, Lord Bishops, Prince-Provost, and Prince-abbots are referred to as Princes of the Church. Also in Christianity, Jesus Christ is sometimes referred to as the Prince of Peace. Other titles for Jesus Christ are Prince of Princes, Prince of the Covenant, and Prince of the Kings of the Earth. Further, Satan is often titled the Prince of Darkness; and in the Christian faith he is also referred to as the Prince of this World and the Prince of the Power of the Air. Another title for Satan, not as common today but apparently so in approximately 30 A.D. by the Pharisees of the day, was the title Prince of the Devils. Prince of Israel, Prince of the Angels, and Prince of Light are titles given to the Archangel Michael. Some Christian churches also believe that since all Christians, like Jesus Christ, are children of God, then they too are princes and princesses of Heaven. Saint Peter, a disciple of Jesus, is also known as the Prince of the Apostles.
See also
References
External links
Category:Court titles Category:Feudalism Category:Heads of state Category:Royal titles Category:Noble titles Category:Positions of authority Category:Men's social titles
am:ልዑል ar:برينس zh-min-nan:Thâu-lâng be:Прынц be-x-old:Прынц bg:Принц ca:Príncep cs:Princ cy:Tywysog da:Prins de:Fürst es:Príncipe eo:Princo fa:شاهزاده fr:Prince (titre) ko:왕자 hr:Princ id:Pangeran it:Principe he:נסיך ka:უფლისწული lv:Princis ms:Putera nl:Prins ja:プリンス no:Prins nn:Prins pt:Príncipe ro:Prinț ru:Принц scn:Prìncipi simple:Prince sk:Princ sl:Princ fi:Prinssi sv:Prins tr:Prens (unvan) uk:Принц vec:Principe vi:Hoàng tử zh:亲王This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N |
|---|---|
| alt | A mid-twenties African American man wearing a sequined military jacket and dark sunglasses. He is walking while waving his right hand, which is adorned with a white glove. His left hand is bare. |
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | Michael Joseph Jackson |
| alias | Michael Joe Jackson |
| birth date | August 29, 1958 |
| birth place | Gary, Indiana, U.S. |
| death date | June 25, 2009 |
| death place | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| instrument | Vocals |
| genre | R&B;, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, New jack swing |
| occupation | Singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, musician, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, philanthropist |
| years active | 1964–2009 |
| label | Motown, Epic, Legacy |
| associated acts | The Jackson 5 |
| relatives | Janet Jackson (sister), Paris Jackson (daughter) |
| website | 130pxMichael Jackson's signature }} |
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.
In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B;, pop and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.
Life and career
Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)
Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B; band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B; Album, Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B; Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B; Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B; Album and Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.
Thriller and Motown 25 (1982–83)
In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows. The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It," and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'." Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work. Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989. HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG. With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media. "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey. He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual. He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World". The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries. In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia. Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B; ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media. In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot". Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins. It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B; in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".
Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album. Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly". 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him. The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals. When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies". Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".
Music videos and choreography
Referred to as the King of Music Videos, Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.; His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.
}} ;Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Category:1958 births Category:2009 deaths Category:African American dancers Category:African American male singers Category:African American record producers Category:African American singer-songwriters Category:American beatboxers Category:American businesspeople Category:American child singers Category:American choreographers Category:American dance musicians Category:American dancers Category:American disco musicians Category:American male singers Category:American boogie musicians Category:American pop singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American rock singers Category:American soul singers Category:American tenors Category:American vegetarians Category:Boy sopranos Category:Brit Award winners Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Category:Drug-related deaths in California Category:English-language singers Category:Epic Records artists Category:Expatriates in Bahrain Category:Former Jehovah's Witnesses Category:Grammy Award winners Michael Jackson Category:Manslaughter victims Category:Motown artists Category:Musicians from Indiana Category:People from Gary, Indiana Category:People from Santa Barbara County, California Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters from Indiana Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Michael Jackson Category:World Music Awards winners Category:People charged with child sexual abuse Category:Grammy Legend Award
af:Michael Jackson als:Michael Jackson am:ማይክል ጃክሰን ar:مايكل جاكسون an:Michael Jackson roa-rup:Michael Jackson az:Maykl Cekson bn:মাইকেল জ্যাকসন zh-min-nan:Michael Jackson be:Майкл Джэксан be-x-old:Майкл Джэксан bcl:Michael Jackson bg:Майкъл Джаксън bar:Michael Jackson bo:མའེ་ཁོའོ་ཅས་ཁ་ཤུན། bs:Michael Jackson br:Michael Jackson ca:Michael Jackson ceb:Michael Jackson cs:Michael Jackson cbk-zam:Michael Jackson cy:Michael Jackson da:Michael Jackson de:Michael Jackson et:Michael Jackson el:Μάικλ Τζάκσον eml:Michael Jackson es:Michael Jackson eo:Michael Jackson eu:Michael Jackson fa:مایکل جکسون fo:Michael Jackson fr:Michael Jackson fy:Michael Jackson ga:Michael Jackson gv:Michael Jackson gl:Michael Jackson gan:麥可·傑克遜 glk:مایکل جکسون gu:માઇકલ જેકસન hak:Michael Jackson ko:마이클 잭슨 hy:Մայքլ Ջեքսոն hi:माइकल जैक्सन hsb:Michael Jackson hr:Michael Jackson io:Michael Jackson ilo:Michael Jackson id:Michael Jackson ia:Michael Jackson ie:Michael Jackson zu:Michael Jackson is:Michael Jackson it:Michael Jackson he:מייקל ג'קסון jv:Michael Jackson kn:ಮೈಖೇಲ್ ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ಸನ್ ka:მაიკლ ჯექსონი kk:Майкл Джексон rw:Michael Jackson sw:Michael Jackson kv:Джексон Майкл Джозеф ht:Michael Jackson ku:Michael Jackson lad:Michael Jackson la:Michael Jackson lv:Maikls Džeksons lb:Michael Jackson lt:Michael Jackson li:Michael Jackson lmo:Michael Jackson hu:Michael Jackson mk:Мајкл Џексон mg:Michael Jackson ml:മൈക്ക്ൾ ജാക്സൺ mt:Michael Jackson mr:मायकेल जॅक्सन arz:مايكل چاكسون mzn:مایکل جکسون ms:Michael Jackson mn:Майкл Жэксон my:မိုက်ကယ်လ် ဂျက်ဆင် nah:Michael Jackson nl:Michael Jackson nds-nl:Michael Jackson ne:माइकल ज्याक्सन new:माइकल ज्याक्सन ja:マイケル・ジャクソン no:Michael Jackson nn:Michael Jackson nov:Michael Jackson oc:Michael Jackson mhr:Джексон, Майкл uz:Michael Jackson pag:Michael Jackson pnb:مائیکل جیکسن pap:Michael Jackson ps:مايکل جېکسن pms:Michael Jackson tpi:Michael Jackson nds:Michael Jackson (Singer) pl:Michael Jackson pt:Michael Jackson kaa:Michael Jackson ro:Michael Jackson qu:Michael Jackson ru:Джексон, Майкл sah:Майкл Джексон se:Michael Jackson sco:Michael Jackson sq:Michael Jackson scn:Michael Jackson si:මයිකල් ජැක්සන් simple:Michael Jackson sk:Michael Jackson sl:Michael Jackson szl:Michael Jackson so:Michael Jackson ckb:مایکڵ جاکسن sr:Мајкл Џексон sh:Michael Jackson su:Michael Jackson fi:Michael Jackson sv:Michael Jackson tl:Michael Jackson ta:மைக்கல் ஜாக்சன் tt:Майкл Джексон te:మైకల్ జాక్సన్ th:ไมเคิล แจ็กสัน tg:Майкл Ҷексон tr:Michael Jackson uk:Майкл Джексон ur:مائیکل جیکسن ug:مايكېل جېكسۇن vi:Michael Jackson vls:Michael Jackson (zanger) war:Michael Jackson wuu:米口 积克森 yi:מייקל זשעקסאן yo:Michael Jackson zh-yue:米高積臣 diq:Michael Jackson bat-smg:Maiklos Džeksuons zh:迈克尔·杰克逊
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N |
|---|---|
| Background | solo_singer |
| Birth name | James Joseph Brown, Jr. |
| Birth date | May 03, 1933 |
| Birth place | Barnwell, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Origin | Augusta, Georgia, United States |
| Death date | December 25, 2006 |
| Death place | Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Genre | Rhythm and blues, funk, soul |
| Occupation | Singer, musician, songwriter, dancer, bandleader, record producer |
| Instrument | Vocal, guitar, harmonica, bass, keyboards, drums, percussion instruments |
| Years active | 1956–2006 |
| Label | Federal, King, Try Me, Smash, People, Polydor, Scotti Bros., Dade Records |
| Associated acts | The Famous Flames, The J.B.'s, Bobby Byrd , The Soul Generals, Lyn Collins |
| Website | }} |
James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and recording artist. Eventually referred to as "The Godfather of Soul", Brown started singing in gospel groups and worked his way on up. He has been recognized as one of the most iconic figures in the 20th century popular music and was renowned for his vocals and feverish dancing. He was also called "The Hardest-Working Man in Show Business" and "Mr. Dynamite". He was also noted as the lead singer of the famed Rhythm & Blues vocal group, The Famous Flames.
Early life
James Brown was born in Barnwell, South Carolina on May 3, 1933 to Susie Brown and Joseph ("Joe") Gardner (who changed his surname to Brown after Mattie Brown who raised him). Although Brown was to be named after his father Joseph, his first and middle names were mistakenly reversed on his birth certificate. He therefore became James Joseph Brown, Jr. As a young child, Brown was called Junior. When he later lived with his aunt and cousin, he was called Little Junior since his cousin's nickname was also Junior. He was of African American, Native American (Apache), through his father, and had Asian ancestry.As a young child, the family lived in extreme poverty in nearby Elko, South Carolina, which at the time was an impoverished town in Barnwell County. When Brown was two years old, his parents separated after his mother left his father for another man. After his mother abandoned the family, Brown continued to live with his father and his father's live-in girlfriends until he was six years old. After that time, Brown and his father moved to Augusta, Georgia.
His father sent him to live with an aunt, who ran a house of prostitution. Even though Brown lived with relatives, he spent long stretches of time on his own, hanging out on the streets and hustling to get by. Brown managed to stay in school until he dropped out in the seventh grade.
During his childhood, Brown earned money shining shoes, sweeping out stores, selling and trading in old stamps, washing cars and dishes and singing in talent contests. Brown also performed buck dances for change to entertain troops from Camp Gordon at the start of World War II as their convoys traveled over a canal bridge near his aunt's home. Between earning money from these adventures, Brown taught himself to play a harmonica given to him by his father. He learned to play some guitar from Tampa Red, in addition to learning to play piano and drums from others he met during this time. Brown was inspired to become an entertainer after watching Louis Jordan, a popular jazz and R&B; performer during the 1940s, and Jordan's Tympany Five performing "Caldonia" in a short film.
As an adult, Brown legally changed his name to remove the "Jr." designation. In his spare time, Brown spent time practicing his various skills in Augusta-area stalls and committing petty crimes. At the age of sixteen, he was convicted of armed robbery and sent to a juvenile detention center upstate in Toccoa in 1949.
In 1952, while Brown was still in reform school, he met future R&B; legend Bobby Byrd, who was there playing baseball against the reform school team. Byrd saw Brown perform there and admired his singing and performing talent. As a result of this friendship, Byrd's family helped Brown secure an early release after serving three years of his sentence. The authorities agreed to release Brown on the condition that he would get a job and not return to Augusta or Richmond County. After stints as a boxer and baseball pitcher in semi-professional baseball (a career move ended by a leg injury), Brown turned his energy toward music.
Career
Brown's career spanned decades, and profoundly influenced the development of many different musical genres. Brown moves on a continuum of blues and gospel-based forms and styles to a profoundly Africanised approach to music making. Brown performed in concerts, first making his rounds across the "chitlin' circuit", and then across the country and later around the world, along with appearing in shows on television and in movies. Although he contributed much to the music world through his hitmaking, Brown holds the record as the artist who charted the most singles on the Billboard Hot 100 without ever hitting number one on that chart.
1955: The Famous Flames
In 1955, Brown and Bobby Byrd's sister Sarah performed in a group called "The Gospel Starlighters". Eventually, Brown joined Bobby Byrd's vocal group, the Avons, and Byrd turned the group's sound towards secular rhythm and blues. After the group's name was changed to The Flames, Brown and Byrd's group toured the Southern "chitlin' circuit". The group eventually signed a deal with the Cincinnati, Ohio-based label Federal Records, a sister label of King Records. Brown's early recordings were fairly straightforward gospel-inspired R&B; compositions, heavily influenced by the work of contemporary musicians such as Ray Charles, Little Willie John, Clyde McPhatter and Little Richard.Little Richard's relations with Brown were particularly significant in Brown's development as a musician and showman. Brown once called Richard his idol, and credited Richard's saxophone-studded mid-1950s road band, The Upsetters, with being the first to put the funk in the rock and roll beat. Etta James recalled her first meeting with James Brown, in Macon, Georgia, where Brown had befriended Little Richard. She said Brown "used to carry around an old tattered napkin with him, because Little Richard had written the words, 'please, please, please' on it and James was determined to make a song out of it...". The resulting track "Please, Please, Please" ended up becoming The Flames first R&B; hit in 1956, selling over a million copies. However, nine subsequent singles released by The Flames failed to live up to the success of their debut, and the group was in danger of being dropped by Federal Records. When Little Richard left pop music in October 1957 to become a preacher, Brown filled out Little Richard's remaining tour dates in his place. Further, several former members of Little Richard's backup band joined Brown's group after Richard's exit from the pop music scene. Brown's group returned to the charts, hitting #1 R&B; in February 1959 with "Try Me". This hit record was the best-selling R&B; single of the year, becoming the first of 17 chart-topping R&B; singles by Brown over the next two decades. By the time "Try Me" was released on record, the group's billing was changed to James Brown and The Famous Flames. "The Famous Flames" was a vocal group, not a backing band.
In 1959, Brown and The Famous Flames moved from the Federal Records subsidiary to King Records, the parent label. Brown began to have recurring conflicts with King Records president Syd Nathan over repertoire and other matters. In one notable instance, Brown recorded the 1960 Top Ten R&B; hit "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" on Dade Records, owned by Henry Stone, under the pseudonym "Nat Kendrick & The Swans" because Nathan refused to allow him to record it for King.
Early and mid-1960s
In 1962, the singer Tammi Terrell came to the attention of James Brown and the seventeen-year-old found herself in Brown's popular Revue becoming one of Brown's first female headliners. In 1963, Terrell recorded for Brown's Try Me Records, releasing the ballad, "I Cried", which gave her some chart success. Terrell and Brown also had a personal relationship, which was hampered by Brown's physical abuse towards her. After a horrific incident backstage after a show, Terrell asked singer Gene Chandler (the "Duke of Earl", who witnessed the incident first hand) to take her to the bus station so she could go home. He later called her mother to come pick her up. This ended Terrell's two-year relationship with Brown. Brown scored on the charts in the early 1960s with recordings such as his 1962 cover of "Night Train". While Brown's early singles were major hits across the southern United States and then regular R&B; Top Ten hits, he and the Famous Flames were not successful nationally until his self-financed live show was captured on the 1963 LP Live at the Apollo. Brown financed the recording of the album himself, and it was released on King Records over the objections of label owner Syd Nathan, who saw no commercial potential in a live album containing no new songs. Defying Nathan's expectations, the album stayed on the pop charts for fourteen months, peaking at #2. In addition, Brown recorded a hit version of the ballad "Prisoner of Love", (his first Top 20 pop hit), in 1963 and founded (under King auspices) the fledgling Try Me Records, Brown's first attempt at running a record label.
Brown followed the success of Live at the Apollo with a string of singles that, along with the work of Allen Toussaint in New Orleans, essentially defined the foundation of Funk music. Driven by the success of Live at the Apollo and the failure of King Records to expand record promotion beyond the "black" market, James Brown and fellow Famous Flame Bobby Byrd formed a production company, Fair Deal, to promote sales of Brown's record releases to white audiences. In this arrangement, Smash Records, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, was used as a vehicle to distribute Brown's music. Smash released his 1964 hit "Out of Sight", which reached #24 on the pop charts and pointed the way to his later funk hits. Its release also triggered a legal battle between Smash and King that resulted in a one year ban on the release of Brown's vocal recordings.
During the mid-1960s, two of Brown's signature tunes "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and "I Got You (I Feel Good)", both from 1965, were his first Top 10 pop hits, as well as major #1 R&B; hits, with each remaining the top-selling singles in black venues for over a month. In 1966, Brown's "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" won the Grammy for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording (an award last given in 1968). Brown's national profile was boosted further that year by appearances in the movie Ski Party and the concert film The T.A.M.I. Show, in which he and The Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd, Bobby Bennett and "Baby Lloyd" Stallworth) upstaged The Rolling Stones. In his concert repertoire and on record, Brown mingled his innovative rhythmic essays with Broadway show tunes and ballads, such as his hit "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" (1966).
Late 1960s
As the 1960s decade neared its end, Brown continued to refine the new funk idiom. Brown's 1967 #1 R&B; hit, "Cold Sweat", sometimes cited as the first true funk song, was the first of his recordings to contain a drum break and the first that featured a harmony that was reduced to a single chord. The instrumental arrangements on tracks such as "Give It Up Or Turnit A Loose" and "Licking Stick-Licking Stick" (both recorded in 1968) and "Funky Drummer" (recorded in 1969) featured a more developed version of Brown's mid-1960s style, with the horn section, guitars, bass and drums meshed together in intricate rhythmic patterns based on multiple interlocking riffs.Changes in Brown's style that started with "Cold Sweat" also established the musical foundation for Brown's later hits, such as "I Got the Feelin'" (1968) and "Mother Popcorn" (1969). By this time Brown's vocals frequently took the form of a kind of rhythmic declamation, not quite sung but not quite spoken, that only intermittently featured traces of pitch or melody. This would become a major influence on the techniques of rapping, which would come to maturity along with hip hop music in the coming decades.
In November 1967, James Brown purchased radio station WGYW in Knoxville, Tennessee for a reported $75,000, according to the January 20, 1968 Record World magazine. The call letters were changed to WJBE reflecting his initials. WJBE began on January 15, 1968 and broadcast a Rhythm & Blues format. The station slogan was "WJBE 1430 Raw Soul". At the time it was mentioned "Brown has also branched out into real estate and music publishing in recent months".
Brown's recordings influenced musicians across the industry, most notably Sly and his Family Stone, Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s and soul shouters like King Curtis, Edwin Starr, Temptations David Ruffin, and Dennis Edwards. A then-prepubescent Michael Jackson took Brown's shouts and dancing into the pop mainstream as the lead singer of Motown's The Jackson 5. Those same tracks were later resurrected by countless hip-hop musicians from the 1970s onward. As a result, James Brown remains to this day the world's most sampled recording artist, with "Funky Drummer" itself becoming the most sampled individual piece of music.
Brown's band during this period employed musicians and arrangers who had come up through the jazz tradition. He was noted for his ability as a bandleader and songwriter to blend the simplicity and drive of R&B; with the rhythmic complexity and precision of jazz. Trumpeter Lewis Hamlin and saxophonist/keyboardist Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis (the successor to previous bandleader Nat Jones) led the band. Guitarist Jimmy Nolen provided percussive, deceptively simple riffs for each song, and Maceo Parker's prominent saxophone solos provided a focal point for many performances. Other members of Brown's band included stalwart singer and sideman Bobby Byrd, drummers John "Jabo" Starks, Clyde Stubblefield and Melvin Parker (Maceo's brother), saxophonist St. Clair Pinckney, trombonist Fred Wesley, guitarist Alphonso "Country" Kellum and bassist Bernard Odum.
During this period, Brown's music empire also expanded along with his influence on the music scene. As Brown's music empire grew, his desire for financial and artistic independence grew as well. Brown bought radio stations during the late 1960s, including radio station WRDW in Augusta, Georgia where he shined shoes as a boy. Brown also branched out to make several recordings with musicians outside his own band. He recorded Gettin' Down To It (1969) and Soul on Top (1970), two albums consisting mostly of romantic ballads and jazz standards, with the Dee Felice Trio and the Louie Bellson Orchestra respectively. He recorded a number of tracks with the Dapps, a white Cincinnati bar band, including the hit "I Can't Stand Myself (When You Touch Me)". He also released three albums of Christmas music with his own band.
1970s and the J.B.'s
By 1970, most members of James Brown's classic 1960s band had quit his act for other opportunities, and The Famous Flames singing group had disbanded, with original member Bobby Byrd the only one remaining with Brown. Brown and Byrd employed a new band that included future funk greats, such as bassist Bootsy Collins, Collins' guitarist brother Phelps "Catfish" Collins and trombonist and musical director Fred Wesley. This new backing band was dubbed "The J.B.'s", and the band made its debut on Brown's 1970 single "Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine". Although The J.B.'s went through several lineup changes, with the first change occurring in 1971, the band remained Brown's most familiar backing band.In 1971, Brown began recording for Polydor Records which also took over distribution of Brown's King Records catalog. Many of his sidemen and supporting players, such as Fred Wesley & The J.B.'s, Bobby Byrd, Lyn Collins, Vicki Anderson and Hank Ballard, released records on the People label, an imprint founded by Brown that was purchased by Polydor as part of Brown's new contract. The recordings on the People label, almost all of which were produced by Brown himself, exemplified his "house style". Songs such as "I Know You Got Soul" by Bobby Byrd, "Think (About It)" by Lyn Collins and "Doing It to Death" by Fred Wesley & The J.B.'s are considered as much a part of Brown's recorded legacy as the recordings released under his own name.
In 1972, James Brown, when asked, openly proclaimed his support of Richard Nixon against the Democrat, George McGovern, and a nationwide boycott called by Black Democratic leaders damaged his status as the most successful Black entrepreneur in the country. Still, his popularity buoyed up his financial fortunes after a brief downturn, and he went on with his career, undaunted.
In 1973, Brown provided the score for the blaxploitation film Black Caesar. In 1974, he toured Africa and performed in Zaire as part of the buildup to the Rumble in the Jungle fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. Admirers of Brown's music, including Miles Davis and other jazz musicians, began to cite Brown as a major influence on their own styles. However, Brown, like others who were influenced by his music, also "borrowed" from other musicians. His 1976 single "Hot (I Need To Be Loved, Loved, Loved, Loved)" (R&B; #31) used the main riff from "Fame" by David Bowie, not the other way around as was often believed. The riff was provided to "Fame" co-writers John Lennon and Bowie by guitarist Carlos Alomar, who had briefly been a member of Brown's band in the late 1960s.
Brown's Polydor recordings during the 1970s exemplified his innovations from the previous twenty years. Compositions such as "The Payback" (1973), "Papa Don't Take No Mess", "Stoned to the Bone", and "Funky President (People It's Bad)" (1974), and "Get Up Offa That Thing" (1976) were among his most noted recordings during this time.
Late 1970s and 1980s
By the mid-1970s, Brown's star-status was on the wane, and key musicians in his band such as Fred Wesley and Bootsy left to join Parliament-Funkadelic, the collective conducted by George Clinton. The onslaught of the slickly commercial style of disco caught Brown off guard, as it superseded his raw style of funk music on the dance floor. His 1976 albums Get Up Offa That Thing and Bodyheat were Brown's first flirtations with disco rhythms and its slicker production techniques. While the albums Mutha's Nature (1977) and Jam 1980s (1978) did not generate chart hits, Brown's 1979 LP The Original Disco Man was a notable late addition to his oeuvre. This album featured the song "It's Too Funky in Here", which was his last top R&B; hit of the decade. Like the rest of the songs on The Original Disco Man, "It's Too Funky in Here" was not produced by Brown himself, but produced instead by Brad Shapiro.Brown's contract with Polydor expired in 1981, and his recording and touring schedule was somewhat reduced. Despite these events, Brown experienced something of a resurgence during the 1980s, effectively crossing over to a broader, more mainstream audience. He appeared in the feature films The Blues Brothers, Doctor Detroit and Rocky IV, as well as guest starring in the Miami Vice episode "Missing Hours" (1988). He also recorded Gravity, a modestly popular crossover album released on his new host label Scotti Bros., and the 1986 top 10 hit single "Living in America" (written by Dan Hartman), which was featured prominently in the Rocky IV film and soundtrack. Brown performed the song in the film at Apollo Creed's final fight, shot in the Ziegfeld Room at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas and was credited as "The Godfather of Soul." In 1987, Brown won the Grammy for Best Male R&B; Vocal Performance for "Living in America." Acknowledging his influence on modern hip-hop and R&B; music, Brown collaborated with hip-hop artist Afrika Bambaataa on the single "Unity."
In 1988, Brown worked with the production team Full Force on the hip-hop influenced album I'm Real, which spawned a #5 R&B; hit single, "Static". Meanwhile, the drum break from the second version of the original 1969 hit "Give It Up Or Turnit A Loose" (the recording included on the compilation album In the Jungle Groove) became so popular at hip hop dance parties (especially for breakdance) during the late 1970s and early 1980s that hip hop founding father Kurtis Blow called the song "the national anthem of hip hop".
1990s to the 2000s
After a stint in prison during the late 1980s, Brown released the album Love Overdue, with the new single "Move On". Brown also released the 1991 four-CD box set Star Time, which included music spanning his four-decade career at that time. Nearly all of his earlier LPs were re-released on CD, often with additional tracks and commentary by experts on Brown's music. In 1991, Brown appeared in MC Hammer's video "Too Legit to Quit" (or "2 Legit 2 Quit"), someone Hammer idolized. In 1993, James Brown released the album Universal James, which spawned the singles "Can't Get Any Harder", "How Long" and "Georgia-Lina". In 1995, the live album Live at the Apollo 1995 was released, featuring the new studio track "Respect Me", which was released as a single that same year. Brown followed up this single with the megamix "Hooked on Brown" that was released as a single in 1996. Brown's later LP releases during this time included the 1998 studio album I'm Back that featured the single "Funk on ah Roll", and the 2002 album The Next Step that featured the single "Killing is Out, School is In," both produced and co-written by Derrick Monk. Brown participated in the PBS American Masters television documentary James Brown: Soul Survivor, which was directed by Jeremy Marre.Although Brown had various run-ins with the law, he continued to perform and record regularly, and he also made appearances in television shows and films, such as Blues Brothers 2000, and sporting events, such as his 2000 appearance at the World Championship Wrestling pay-per-view event SuperBrawl X. In Brown's appearance at the SuperBrawl X event, he danced alongside wrestler Ernest "The Cat" Miller, whose character was based on Brown, during his in ring skit with The Maestro. Brown was featured in Tony Scott's 2001 short film, Beat the Devil, alongside Clive Owen, Gary Oldman, Danny Trejo and Marilyn Manson. Brown also made a cameo appearance in the 2002 Jackie Chan film The Tuxedo, in which Chan was required to finish Brown's act after Brown was accidentally knocked out by Chan. In 2002, Brown appeared in Undercover Brother, playing the role as himself.
Brown appeared at Edinburgh 50,000 - The Final Push, the final Live 8 concert on July 6, 2005, where he performed a duet with British pop star Will Young on "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag". He also performed a duet with another British pop star, Joss Stone, a week earlier on the United Kingdom chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Before his death, Brown was scheduled to perform a duet with singer Annie Lennox on the song "Vengeance" for her new album Venus, scheduled for release in early 2007. In 2006, Brown continued his "Seven Decades Of Funk World Tour", his last concert tour where he performed all over the world. His final U.S. performance was in San Francisco on August 20, 2006, as headliner at the Festival of the Golden Gate (Foggfest) on the Great Meadow at Fort Mason. His last shows were greeted with positive reviews, and one of his final concert appearances at the Irish Oxegen festival in Punchestown in 2006 was performed for a record crowd of 80,000 people. Brown's last televised appearance was at his induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame in November 2006, before his death the following month.
James Brown Revue
For many years, Brown's touring show was one of the most extravagant productions in American popular music. At the time of Brown's death, his band included three guitarists, two bass guitar players, two drummers, three horns and a percussionist. The bands that he maintained during the late 1960s and 1970s were of comparable size, and the bands also included a three-piece amplified string section that played during ballads. Brown employed between 40 and 50 people for the James Brown Revue, and members of the revue traveled with him in a bus to cities and towns all over the country, performing upwards of 330 shows a year with almost all of the shows as one-nighters.
Concert introduction
Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs. The introduction by Fats Gonder, captured on Brown's 1963 album Live at the Apollo album, is a representative example:
| So now ladies and gentlemen it is star time, are you ready for star time? Thank you and thank you very kindly. It is indeed a great pleasure to present to you at this particular time, national and international[ly] known as the hardest working man in show business, the man that sings "I'll Go Crazy" ... "Try Me" ... "You've Got the Power" ... "Think" ... "If You Want Me" ... "I Don't Mind" ... "Bewildered" ...the million dollar seller, "Lost Someone" ... the very latest release, "Night Train" ... let's everybody "Shout and Shimmy" ... Mr. Dynamite, the amazing Mr. Please Please himself, the star of the show, James Brown and The Famous Flames!! |
Among the MCs who worked with Brown and his revue through the years, Brown's most famous MC was Danny Ray, who appeared on stage with him for over 30 years.
Concert repertoire and format
James Brown's performances were famous for their intensity and length. His own stated goal was to "give people more than what they came for — make them tired, 'cause that's what they came for.'" Brown's concert repertoire consisted mostly of his own hits and recent songs, with a few R&B; covers mixed in. Brown danced vigorously as he sang, working popular dance steps such as the Mashed Potato into his routine along with dramatic leaps, splits and slides. In addition, his horn players and backup singers (The Famous Flames) typically performed choreographed dance routines, and later incarnations of the Revue included backup dancers. Male performers in the Revue were required to wear tuxedoes and cummerbunds long after more casual concert wear became the norm among the younger musical acts. Brown's own extravagant outfits and his elaborate processed hairdo completed the visual impression.
A James Brown concert typically included a performance by a featured vocalist, such as Vicki Anderson or Marva Whitney, and an instrumental feature for the band, which sometimes served as the opening act for the show. Although Brown released many live albums, Say It Live & Loud: Live in Dallas 08.26.68, released by Polydor in 1998, was one of only a few audio recordings that captured a performance of the James Brown Revue from beginning to end.
Cape routine
A trademark feature of Brown's stage shows, usually during the song "Please, Please, Please", involved Brown dropping to his knees while clutching the microphone stand in his hands, prompting the show's longtime MC, Danny Ray, to come out, drape a cape over Brown's shoulders and escort him off the stage after he had worked himself to exhaustion during his performance. As Brown was escorted off the stage by the MC, Brown's vocal group, The Famous Flames, continued singing the background vocals "Please, please don't go-oh-oh". Brown would then shake off the cape and stagger back to the microphone to perform an encore. Brown's routine was inspired by a similar one used by the professional wrestler Gorgeous George.Brown performs a version of the cape routine over the closing credits of the film Blues Brothers 2000.
As band leader
Brown demanded extreme discipline, perfection and precision from his musicians and dancers — right down to when performers in his Revue showed up for rehearsals all the way to whether members wore the right "uniform" or "costume" for concert performances. During an interview conducted by Terri Gross during the NPR segment "Fresh Air" with Maceo Parker, a former saxophonist in Brown's band for most of the 1960s and part of the 1970s and 1980s, Parker offered his experience with the discipline that Brown demanded of the band:
Brown also had a practice of directing, correcting and assessing fines on members of his band who broke his rules, such as wearing unshined shoes, dancing out of sync or showing up late on stage. During some of his concert performances, Brown danced in front of his band with his back to the audience as he slid across the floor, flashing hand signals and splaying his pulsating fingers to the beat of the music. Although audiences thought Brown's dance routine was part of his act, this practice was actually his way of pointing to the offending member of his troupe who played or sang the wrong note or committed some other infraction. Brown used his splayed fingers and hand signals to alert the offending person of the fine that person must pay to him for breaking his rules.
Social activism
Civil unrest and self-empowerment
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, James Brown was renowned for his social activism. In 1966, he released the single "Don't Be a Drop-Out" as a lesson to young students who had thoughts of dropping out. He later made public speeches in front of dozens of children and advocated the importance of education in school. In 1967, he issued a patriotic single, "America is My Home", which was a "rap" about how he felt people, particularly in the African-American community, were neglecting the country that he said "could give (them) opportunities" explaining how at one time he was shining shoes and the next, he was greeting the President of the United States as he did when President Lyndon B. Johnson thanked him for donating money to school drop-out prevention programs.In 1968 after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., Brown released "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" following pressure from fans to take a stance on the civil rights movement, an issue he had avoided up until this point. It became an anthem of the civil rights movement. Brown later said of it in his 1986 autobiography “The song is obsolete now... But it was necessary to teach pride then, and I think the song did a lot of good for a lot of people... People called "Black and Proud" militant and angry - maybe because of the line about dying on your feet instead of living on your knees. But really, if you listen to it, it sounds like a children's song. That's why I had children in it, so children who heard it could grow up feeling pride... The song cost me a lot of my crossover audience. The racial makeup at my concerts was mostly black after that. I don't regret it, though, even if it was misunderstood.”
He performed in front of a televised audience in Boston the day after Dr. King's death. Brown is often given credit for preventing rioting with the performance. Mayor Kevin White strongly restrained the Boston Police from cracking down on minor violence and protests after the assassination, and Boston religious and community leaders worked to keep tempers from flaring. Also, White arranged to have the Brown performance broadcast multiple times on Boston's public television station, WGBH, thus keeping many potential rioters off the streets, watching the concert for free. Brown demanded $60,000 for "gate" fees (money he thought would be lost from ticket sales on account of the concert being broadcast for free), and then threatened to go public about the secret arrangement when the city balked at paying up after the concert, news of which would have been a political death-blow to White, and possibly sparked riots on its own. White successfully lobbied the behind-the-scenes power-brokering group known as "The Vault" to come up with money for Brown's gate fee and other social programs; The Vault contributed $100,000 to such programs, and Brown received $15,000 from them via the city. White persuaded management at the Boston Garden to give up their share of receipts to make up the difference. The story is documented in the PBS film "The Night James Brown Saved Boston".
Afterwards, President Johnson urged Brown to visit Washington, D.C. to greet inner-city residents there performing at a benefit concert there and expressed the notion that violence "wasn't the way to go". Many in the black community felt that Brown was speaking out to them more than some major leaders in the country, a sentiment that was strengthened with the release of his groundbreaking landmark single, "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud".
Brown continued performing benefit concerts for various civil rights organizations including Jesse Jackson's PUSH and The Black Panther Party's Breakfast program throughout the early-1970s. Brown also continued to release socially conscious singles such as "I Don't Want Nobody To Give Me Nothing (Open Up the Door, I'll Get It Myself)" (1969), "Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved" (1971), "Talking Loud and Saying Nothing" (1972), "King Heroin" (1972), "Funky President (People It's Bad)" (1974) and "Reality" (1975). The week before his death, Brown took time to give Christmas presents to an orphanage in Atlanta.
Personal life
At the end of his life, James Brown lived in a riverfront home in Beech Island, South Carolina, directly across the Savannah River from Augusta, Georgia. James Brown was diagnosed with diabetes at a very early stage of his life. Brown was once diagnosed with prostate cancer, which was successfully treated with surgery. Regardless of his health, Brown maintained his reputation as the "hardest working man in show business" by keeping up with his grueling performance schedule. However, James Brown led as colorful a life on stage with his performances, as he had off stage with his troubles with the law and his last marriage in particular.
Marriages and children
Brown was married three times — Velma Warren (1953–1969, divorced), Deidre "Deedee" Jenkins (22 October 1970–10 January 1981, divorced) and Adrienne Lois Rodriguez (born 9 March 1950) (1984–1996, wife's death). He also had a relationship with Tomi Rae Hynie (2001–2004). From these and other relationships, James Brown had five sons — Teddy Brown (1954–1973), Terry Brown, and Larry Brown, Daryl Brown (a member of Brown's backing band) and James Joseph Brown II, in addition to four daughters — Lisa Brown, Dr. Yamma Noyola Brown Lumar, Deanna Brown Thomas and Venisha Brown. Brown also had eight grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Brown's eldest son, Teddy, died in a car crash on 14 June 1973. According to a 22 August 2007 article published in the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph, DNA tests indicate that Brown also fathered at least three illegitimate children. The only one of them who has been identified is LaRhonda Pettit (born 1962), a retired air stewardess and teacher who lives in Houston.
JB Skate Culture
There is a rollerskating art form called JB created and dedicated to James Brown in Chicago, Illinois. It is a culture that has grown over three decades that has a distinct style that is recognized by specific moves, tempo, and attitude. The music is created by local Chicago musical producers who personally love James Brown and his music, many of them roller skate themselves. The music starts with taking samples of original James Brown songs and then the producer puts his or her creative spin on it.
Brown-Hynie marriage controversy
Much controversy surrounds Tomi Rae Hynie's marriage to James Brown on December 23, 2002, officiated by Rev. Larry Fryer. Brown's longtime attorney, Albert "Buddy" Dallas, reported that the marriage between Brown and Hynie was not valid because Hynie was married at that time to Javed Ahmed, a Bangladeshi whom Hynie claimed married her for a Green Card in an immigration fraud. Although Hynie stated that her marriage to Javed Ahmed was later annulled, this annulment did not occur until April 2004. In an interview on CNN with Larry King, Hynie produced a 2001 marriage certificate as proof of her marriage to James Brown, but she did not provide King with court records pointing to an annulment of her marriage to him or to Ahmed.According to Dallas, Brown was angry and hurt that Hynie concealed her prior marriage from him, and that Brown moved to file for annulment from Hynie. Dallas added that, although Hynie's marriage to Javed Ahmed was annulled after she married James Brown, the Brown-Hynie marriage was not valid under South Carolina law because Brown and Hynie did not remarry after the annulment. In August 2003, Brown took out a full-page public notice in Variety Magazine featuring Hynie, James II and himself on vacation at Disney World to announce that he and Hynie were going their separate ways.
Paternity of James Brown II
In a separate CNN interview, Debra Opri, another Brown family attorney, revealed to Larry King that Brown wanted a DNA test performed after his death to confirm the paternity of James Brown II — not for Brown's sake, but for the sake of the other family members. In April 2007, Hynie selected a guardian ad litem whom she wants appointed by the court to represent her son, James Brown II, in the paternity proceedings.
Legal issues
Brown's personal life was marred by several brushes with the law:At the age of 16, he was arrested for theft and served 3 years in prison.
In 1988, Brown was arrested following an alleged high-speed car chase on Interstate 20 along the Georgia-South Carolina state border. He was convicted of carrying an unlicensed pistol and assaulting a police officer, along with various drug-related and driving offenses. Although he was sentenced to six years in prison, he was eventually released in 1991 after serving only three years of his sentence. Brown's FBI file, released to The Washington Post in 2007 under the Freedom of Information Act, related Brown's claim that the high-speed chase did not occur as claimed by the police, and that local police shot at his car several times during an incident of police harassment and assaulted him after his arrest. Local authorities found no merit to Brown's accusations.
In another incident, the police were summoned to Brown's residence on July 3, 2000 after he was accused of charging an electric company repairman with a steak knife when the repairman visited Brown's house to investigate a complaint about having no lights at the residence.
In 2003, Brown was pardoned by the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services for past crimes that he was convicted of committing in South Carolina.
During the 1990s and 2000s, Brown was repeatedly arrested for domestic violence:
Adrienne Rodriguez, his third wife, had him arrested four times between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s on charges of assault.
In January 2004, Brown was arrested in South Carolina on a domestic violence charge after Tomi Rae Hynie accused him of pushing her to the floor during an argument at their home, where she suffered scratches and bruises to her right arm and hip. Later that year in June 2004, Brown pleaded no contest to the domestic violence incident, but served no jail time. Instead, Brown was required to forfeit a US$1,087 bond as punishment.
In January 2005, a woman named Jacque Hollander filed a lawsuit against James Brown, which stemmed from an alleged 1988 forcible rape. When the case was initially heard before a judge in 2002, Hollander's claims against Brown were dismissed by the court as the limitations period for filing the suit had expired. Hollander claimed that stress from the alleged assault later caused her to contract Graves' Disease, a thyroid condition. Hollander claimed that the incident took place in South Carolina while she was employed by Brown as a publicist. Hollander alleged that, during her ride in a van with Brown, Brown pulled over to the side of the road and sexually assaulted her while he threatened her with a shotgun. In her case against Brown, Hollander entered as evidence a DNA sample and a polygraph result, but the evidence was not considered due to the limitations defense. Hollander later attempted to bring her case before the Supreme Court but nothing became of her complaint.
Death and aftermath
Death
On December 23, 2006, James Brown, in ill health, showed up at his dentist's office in Atlanta, Georgia several hours later than his appointment for dental implant work. During that visit, Brown's dentist observed that Brown looked "very bad ... weak and dazed." Instead of performing the dental work, the dentist advised Brown to see a doctor right away about his medical condition.Brown checked in at the Emory Crawford Long Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia on December 24, 2006 for a medical evaluation of his condition, and he was admitted to the hospital for observation and treatment. According to Charles Bobbit, Brown's longtime personal manager and friend, Brown had been sick and suffering with a noisy cough since he returned from a November trip to Europe. Bobbit also added that it was characteristic of Brown to never tell or complain to anyone that he was sick, and that Brown frequently performed during illness. Although Brown had to cancel upcoming shows in Waterbury, Connecticut and Englewood, New Jersey, Brown was confident that the doctor would discharge him from the hospital in time to perform the New Year's Eve shows.
For the New Year's celebrations, Brown was scheduled to perform at the Count Basie Theatre in New Jersey and at the B. B. King Blues Club in New York, in addition to performing a song live on CNN for the Anderson Cooper New Year's Eve special. However, Brown remained hospitalized, and his medical condition worsened throughout that day.
On December 25, 2006, Brown died at approximately 1:45 AM EST (06:45 UTC) from congestive heart failure resulting from complications of pneumonia, with his agent Frank Copsidas and his friend Paul Sargent at his bedside. According to Sargent, Brown stuttered "I'm going away tonight", and then Brown took three long, quiet breaths and fell asleep before dying.
Memorial services
After Brown's death on Christmas day, Brown's relatives and friends, a host of celebrities and thousands of fans attended public memorial services at the Apollo Theater in New York on December 28, 2006 and at the James Brown Arena on December 30, 2006 in Augusta, Georgia. A separate, private memorial service was also held in North Augusta, South Carolina on December 29, 2006, which was attended by Brown's family and close friends. Celebrities who attended Brown's public and/or private memorial services included Michael Jackson, Jimmy Cliff, Joe Frazier, Buddy Guy, Ice Cube, Ludacris, Dr. Dre, Little Richard, Dick Gregory, MC Hammer, Prince, Jesse Jackson, Ice-T, Jerry Lee Lewis, Bootsy Collins, LL Cool J, Lil Wayne, Lenny Kravitz, 50 Cent, Stevie Wonder, and Don King, among others. All of the public and private memorial services were officiated by Rev. Al Sharpton.Brown's public and private memorial ceremonies were elaborate, complete with costume changes for Brown and videos featuring him in concert performances. Brown's body, which was placed in a Promethean casket, which is bronze polished to a golden shine, was driven through the streets of New York to the Apollo Theater in a white, glass-encased horse-drawn carriage. In Augusta, Georgia, the procession for Brown's public memorial visited Brown's statue as the procession made its way to the James Brown Arena. During the public memorial at the James Brown Arena, nachos and pretzels were served to mourners, as a video showed Brown's last performance in Augusta, Georgia and the Ray Charles version of "Georgia On My Mind" played soulfully in the background. Brown's last backup band, The Soul Generals, also played the music of Brown's hits during the memorial service at the James Brown Arena. The group was joined by Bootsy Collins on bass, with MC Hammer performing a dance in James Brown style. Former Temptations lead singer Ali-Ollie Woodson performed "Walk Around Heaven All Day" at the memorial services.
Last will and testament
James Brown signed his last will and testament on August 1, 2000, before Strom Thurmond, Jr., an attorney for Brown's estate. The irrevocable trust, separate and apart from Brown's will, was created on Brown's behalf in 2000 by his attorney, Albert "Buddy" Dallas, who was named as one of three personal representatives of Brown's estate. Brown's will covered the disposition of his personal assets, such as clothing, cars and jewelry, while Brown's irrevocable trust covered the disposition of music rights, business assets of James Brown Enterprises and Brown's Beech Island estate in South Carolina.During the reading of Brown's will on January 11, 2007, Thurmond revealed that Brown's six adult living children (Terry Brown, Larry Brown, Daryl Brown, Yamma Brown Lumar, Deanna Brown Thomas and Venisha Brown) were named in the will. Hynie and James II were not mentioned in the will as parties who could inherit Brown's property. Brown's will was signed ten months before James II was born and more than a year before Brown's marriage to Tomi Rae Hynie. Like Brown's will, his irrevocable trust also did not mention Hynie and James II as recipients of Brown's property. The irrevocable trust was established before, and had not been amended since, the birth of James II.
On January 24, 2007, Brown's children filed a lawsuit against the personal representatives of Brown's estate. In their petition, Brown's children asked the court to remove the personal representatives of Brown's estate (including Brown's attorney and estate's trustee, Albert "Buddy" Dallas) and appoint a special administrator because of perceived impropriety and alleged mismanagement of Brown's assets. To challenge the validity of the will and irrevocable trust, Hynie also filed a lawsuit against Brown's estate on January 31, 2007. In her lawsuit against Brown's estate, Hynie asked the court to recognize her as Brown's widow, and she also asked the court to appoint a special administrator for the estate.
Burial at temporary site
After the public and private memorial services in late December 2006, James Brown's body remained in his casket for a time in a temperature-controlled room at his estate. Brown's casket was later moved to an undisclosed location, while his children and Tomi Rae Hynie became embroiled in disputes about Brown's final resting place and matters related to probating his will. More than ten weeks after Brown's death and the public and private memorial services, Brown's children and Hynie decided on a temporary burial site for James Brown. Brown was buried on March 10, 2007 in a crypt at the home of Deanna Brown Thomas, one of Brown's daughters who also held a private ceremony for the temporary burial. The private ceremony for the temporary burial, officiated by Al Sharpton, was attended by Brown's family and a host of friends.According to Brown's family, Brown's body will remain buried at the temporary site while a public mausoleum is built for him and a decision has been made for Brown's final resting place. To turn Brown's estate into a visitor attraction, Brown's family plans to consult with the family of Elvis Presley for guidance about converting the estate into an attraction similar to Graceland.
Dallas, Brown's long time attorney and one of the trustees for Brown's estate, did not attend the private service for the temporary burial. He expressed his disapproval and disappointment with the temporary burial arrangement with the comment "Mr. Brown's not deserving of anyone's backyard." According to Dallas, the trustees for Brown's estate "had made arrangements for Brown to be laid to rest at no cost at a 'very prominent memorial garden in Augusta.'"
Honors, awards and dedications
James Brown received a variety of awards and honors throughout his lifetime and after his death. At one city, fans voted to honor Brown by naming a bridge after the entertainer. In 1993, the City Council of Steamboat Springs, Colorado conducted a poll of its residents to choose a new name for the bridge that crossed the Yampa River on Shield Drive. The winning name with 7,717 votes was "James Brown SoulCenter of the Universe Bridge". The bridge was officially dedicated in September 1993, and James Brown appeared at the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the event. Although a petition was started by a local group of ranchers to return the name of the bridge to "Stockbridge" for historical reasons, the ranchers backed off after citizens defeated their efforts because of the popularity of Brown's name. Brown returned to Steamboat Springs, Colorado on July 4, 2002 for an outdoor music festival, performing with other bands such as The String Cheese Incident.During his long career, James Brown received several prestigious music industry awards and honors. In 1983, Brown was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. In addition, Brown was named as one of the first inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at its inaugural induction dinner in New York on January 23, 1986. However, the members of his original vocal group, The Famous Flames, Bobby Byrd, Johnny Terry, Bobby Bennett, and Lloyd Stallworth, were not. On February 25, 1992, Brown was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 34th annual Grammy Awards. Exactly a year later, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 4th annual Rhythm & Blues Foundation Pioneer Awards. A ceremony was held for Brown on January 10, 1997 to honor him with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
On June 15, 2000, Brown was honored as an inductee for the New York Songwriters Hall of Fame. On August 6, 2002, James Brown was honored as the first BMI Urban Icon at the BMI Urban Awards. His BMI accolades include an impressive ten R&B; Awards and six Pop Awards. On November 14, 2006, Brown was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and he was one of several inductees who performed at the ceremony. In recognition of his accomplishments as an entertainer, Brown was a recipient of Kennedy Center Honors on December 7, 2003. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked James Brown as #7 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In an article for Rolling Stone, critic Robert Christgau cited Brown as "the greatest musician of the rock era".
Brown was also honored in his hometown of Augusta, Georgia for his philanthropy and civic activities. On November 20, 1993, Mayor Charles DeVaney of Augusta held a ceremony to dedicate a section of 9th Street between Broad and Twiggs Streets, renamed "James Brown Boulevard", in the entertainer's honor. On May 6, 2005, as a 72nd birthday present for Brown, the city of Augusta unveiled a life-sized bronze James Brown statue on Broad Street. The statue was to have been dedicated a year earlier, but the ceremony was put on hold because of a domestic abuse charge that Brown faced at the time. In 2005, Charles "Champ" Walker and the We Feel Good Committee went before the County commission and received apporoval to change Augusta's slogan to "We Feel Good". Afterwards, Official renamed the city's civic center the James Brown Arena, and James Brown attended a ceremony for the unveiling of the namesake center on October 15, 2006.
On December 30, 2006, during the public memorial service at the James Brown Arena, Dr. Shirley A.R. Lewis, president of Paine College, a historically black college in Augusta, Georgia, bestowed posthumously upon Brown an honorary doctorate in recognition and honor of his many contributions to the school in its times of need. Brown was scheduled originally to receive the honorary doctorate from Paine College during its May 2007 commencement.
During the 49th Annual Grammy Awards presentation held on February 11, 2007, James Brown's famous cape was draped over a microphone at the end of a montage by Danny Ray (his M.C. for over 30 years), in honor of notable persons in the music industry, including Brown, who died during the previous year. Earlier that evening, Christina Aguilera delivered an impassioned performance of one of Brown's hits, "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" followed by a standing ovation, while Chris Brown performed a dance routine in honor of James Brown.
Tributes
As a tribute to James Brown, the Rolling Stones covered the song, "I'll Go Crazy" from Brown's Live at the Apollo album, during its 2007 European tour. On September 12, 2007, barely nine months after James Brown's death, Bobby Byrd, the original leader and founder of The Famous Flames vocal group along with Brown, died of cancer at 73 years old. Jimmy Page has remarked, "He [James Brown] was almost a musical genre in his own right and he changed and moved forward the whole time so people were able to learn from him."On December 22, 2007, the first annual "Tribute Fit For the King of King Records" in honor of James Brown was held at the Madison Theater in Covington, Kentucky. The tribute, organized by Bootsy Collins, featured appearances by Afrika Bambaataa, Chuck D of Public Enemy, The Soul Generals, Buckethead, Freekbass, Triage and many of Brown's surviving family members. Comedian Michael Coyer was the MC for the event. During the show, the mayor of Cincinnati proclaimed December 22 as James Brown Day. It has been said that a biopic is in the works about Brown; Spike Lee has signed on to direct, with Brian Grazer producing and Jez and John-Henry Butterworth writing the script. Usher and Fergie are interested in being in the project.
In 2008, Aaron Smith (aka Shwayze), an American rapper, titled the 8th track of his self-titled album "James Brown is Dead" as a tribute to the Godfather of Soul.
Discography
Notable albums
Four of James Brown's albums appeared on the Rolling Stone Magazine's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time:
In addition, Brown's 1970 double album Sex Machine was ranked 96th in a 2005 survey held by British television station Channel 4 to determine the 100 greatest albums of all time. Other notable albums, originally released as double LP records, feature extensive playing by The J.B.'s and served as prolific sources of samples for later musical artists, including:
The 1968 Live at the Apollo, Vol. II double LP album was notably influential on musicians at the time of its release. This classic album remains an example of Brown's energetic live performances and audience interaction, as well as providing a means of documenting the metamorphosis of his music from the R&B; and soul styles into hard funk.
Notable singles
Until the early 1970s, Brown was famous mostly for his road show and singles, rather than his albums (with his live LPs as a major exception). Six of his hit singles appeared on the Rolling Stone Magazine's 2004 list of the 500 greatest songs of all time:
Complete singles reissue
In 2006, Hip-O Select Records began a multi-volume reissue of James Brown's complete singles (both A-sides and B-sides) on CD. As of March 2011, ten volumes have been released, covering the periods 1956–1960, 1960–1963, 1964–1965, 1966–1967, 1967–1969, 1969–1970, 1970–1972, 1972–1973, 1973–1975 and 1975-1979. The liner notes included in the CD release of Volume Ten indicate that an eleventh volume is in the works.
Filmography
In other media
Games
In the video game World of Warcraft, Bronjahm (the first boss character in the "Forge of Souls" level) contributes music to the game, refers to himself as "the Godfather of Souls", and accompanies each new music cue with a James Brown reference.
References
; Footnotes; Other references
External links
Category:1933 births Category:2006 deaths Category:African Americans' rights activists Category:African American singers Category:American composers Category:American dancers Category:American drummers Category:American funk singers Category:American keyboardists Category:American multi-instrumentalists Category:American people convicted of assault Category:American people of Native American descent Category:American record producers Category:American robbers Category:American rhythm and blues guitarists Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters Category:American singers of Native American descent Category:American soul singers Category:American male singers Category:Apache people Category:Cancer survivors Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:The Famous Flames members Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Gullah Category:Infectious disease deaths in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:King Records artists Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Musicians from South Carolina Category:People convicted of drug offenses Category:People from Augusta, Georgia Category:People from Barnwell County, South Carolina Category:Recipients of American gubernatorial pardons Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Songwriters from South Carolina Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Polydor Records artists
am:ጄምስ ብራውን ar:جيمس براون an:James Brown bg:Джеймс Браун ca:James Brown cs:James Brown cy:James Brown da:James Brown de:James Brown et:James Brown es:James Brown eo:James Brown fa:جیمز براون fr:James Brown ga:James Brown gd:James Brown gl:James Brown ko:제임스 브라운 hr:James Brown io:James Brown id:James Brown it:James Brown he:ג'יימס בראון ka:ჯეიმზ ბრაუნი la:Iacobus Brown lv:Džeimss Brauns lt:James Brown hu:James Brown nl:James Brown ja:ジェームス・ブラウン no:James Brown nn:James Brown oc:James Brown pms:James Brown pl:James Brown pt:James Brown ro:James Brown ru:Браун, Джеймс scn:James Brown simple:James Brown sk:James Brown sl:James Brown sr:Џејмс Браун sh:James Brown fi:James Brown sv:James Brown ta:ஜேம்ஸ் ப்ரௌன் th:เจมส์ บราวน์ tg:Ҷеймс Браун tr:James Brown uk:Джеймс Браун vi:James Brown yo:James Brown zh:詹姆士·布朗This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Kevin Patrick Smith |
| Birth date | August 02, 1970 |
| Birth place | Red Bank, New Jersey, United States |
| Occupation | Director, Screenwriter, Producer, Actor, Comedian, Author, Podcaster |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Spouse | Jennifer Schwalbach Smith (1999–present) }} |
He is also the owner of Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash comic book and novelty store in Red Bank, New Jersey. He hosts a weekly podcast with Scott Mosier known as SModcast. Smith is well-known for participating in long, humorous Q&A; sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith.
Early life
Kevin Smith was born in Red Bank, New Jersey, the son of Grace, a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith (1936–2003), a postal worker. He has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Smith, Jr. He was raised in an Irish Catholic household and attended Henry Hudson Regional High School in Highlands.After high school, he met Jason Mewes, who would later become a recurring actor in his films. He then attended The New School and the Vancouver Film School, where he met Scott Mosier, his producer for almost every movie he has made. He majored in film, but dropped out of school halfway through his studies, electing to take a partial tuition reimbursement in order to help finance his first film.
Career
As a filmmaker
In an interview with Robert K. Elder for The Film That Changed My Life, Smith attributes the film Slacker as his main inspiration to becoming a director.
It was the movie that got me off my ass; it was the movie that lit a fire under me, the movie that made me think, “Hey, I could be a filmmaker.” And I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life.
His first film, Clerks, was shot for the sum total of $27,575 in the exact same convenience store where Smith worked. It went to the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmaker's Trophy and was picked up by Miramax before the festival's end. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival where it won both the Prix de la Jeunesse and the International Critics' Week Prize. Released in November 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than fifty screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, earning $3.1 million. Initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, solely for the graphic language. Miramax hired Alan Dershowitz to defend the film, and at an appeals screening, a jury consisting of members of the National Association of Theater Owners reversed the MPAA's decision, and the film was given an R rating instead.
Smith's second film, Mallrats, did not fare as well as Clerks. It received a critical drubbing and earned merely $2.2 million at the box office, despite playing on more than 500 screens. The film marked Jason Lee's debut as a leading man. While it later found its audience on home video, Smith has said of the movie "It was a six million dollar casting call for ''Chasing Amy'".
Widely hailed as one of Smith's best films, Chasing Amy marked what Quentin Tarantino called "a quantum leap forward" for Smith. Starring Mallrats alumni Jason Lee, Joey Lauren Adams and Ben Affleck, the $250,000 film earned $12 million at the box office and wound up on a number of critics' year-end best lists, and won two Independent Spirit Awards (screenplay and supporting actor for Lee).
In 1996, Smith worked on a script for a Superman movie. He did a couple of drafts but his script was dropped when Tim Burton was hired to direct. Burton brought his own people to work on the project. Smith still sees the whole experience on working on the Superman project as a positive one however; he has said that he was well paid and it was a lot of fun. In the end, neither Smith's nor Burton's vision for Superman was filmed. In the 2007 Direct-to-DVD animation release of Superman: Doomsday, Smith has a cameo as an onlooker in a crowd. After Superman defeats The Toyman's giant mechanical robot, Smith scoffs, "Yeah, like we really needed him to defeat that giant spider. Heh. Lame!" This was a reference to a giant spider that producer Jon Peters of the Superman movie wanted Smith to put in the movie when he was attached, that was later put into another movie tied to Peters called Wild Wild West.
In 1997, Smith was hired by New Line to rewrite Overnight Delivery, which was expected to be a blockbuster teen movie. Smith's then-girlfriend Joey Lauren Adams almost took the role of Ivy in the movie, instead of the female lead in Chasing Amy. Eventually she lost out to Reese Witherspoon, and Overnight Delivery was quietly released directly to video in April 1998. Kevin Smith's involvement with the film was revealed on-line, but he remains uncredited. He has said that the only scene which really used his dialogue was the opening scene, which includes a reference to long-time Smith friend Bryan Johnson.
Smith's fourth film, Dogma, featured an all-star cast and found itself mired in controversy. The religious-themed 1999 comedy, which starred a post-Good Will Hunting Ben Affleck and Matt Damon, as well as Chris Rock, Salma Hayek, George Carlin, Alan Rickman, Linda Fiorentino, and Smith regulars Jason Lee and Jason Mewes, raised the ire of the Catholic League due largely to a reference about the Virgin Mary having post-Jesus intercourse with her husband, Joseph. Smith received over 10,000 pieces of protest/hate mail (some of which were showcased on the film's official website) and three death threats.
The film debuted at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, out of competition. Released on 800 screens in November 1999, the $10 million film earned $30 million.
After the controversy surrounding Dogma, Smith said he wanted to make a movie that could not be attacked for its content. Focusing the spotlight on two characters who'd appeared in supporting roles in his previous four films, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back featured an all-star cast, with many familiar faces returning from Smith's first four films. Ben Affleck and Matt Damon appear as themselves filming a mock sequel to Good Will Hunting. The $20 million film earned $30 million at the box office and received mixed reviews from the critics. It was meant to be the film that closed the book on the "Askewniverse" – the New Jersey-based, interconnected quintet of movies written and directed by Smith.
In 2004, Smith wrote a screenplay for a new film version of The Green Hornet, and announced prematurely that he had originally intended to direct as well. The project, however died after the film was placed into turn around following the poor box office of Jersey Girl. Smith's screenplay was turned into a Green Hornet comic book miniseries.
Jersey Girl with Ben Affleck, Liv Tyler, George Carlin and Raquel Castro was meant to mark a new direction in Smith's career. However, the film took a critical beating as it was seen as a post-Gigli vehicle for Affleck and his then-girlfriend, Jennifer Lopez, who also appeared in this movie. Budgeted at $35 million, it earned only $25 million.
In the 2006 sequel, Clerks II, Smith revisited the Dante and Randal characters from his first film for what was his final visit to the View Askewniverse. Roundly criticized before its release, the film went on to win favorable reviews as well as two awards (the Audience Award at the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Orbit Dirtiest Mouth Award at the MTV Movie Awards). It marked Smith's third trip to the Cannes International Film Festival, where Clerks II received an eight minute standing ovation. The $5 million film, starring Jeff Anderson, Brian O'Halloran, Rosario Dawson, Jason Mewes, Jennifer Schwalbach and Smith himself – reprising his role as Silent Bob – earned $25 million.
That same year, Smith was featured in This Film is Not Yet Rated, a 2006 documentary about the Motion Picture Association of America process of rating films. Smith's interview was in reference to Jersey Girl receiving an R rating, and Clerks originally receiving an NC-17 rating.
Zack and Miri Make a Porno was originally announced in March 2006 as Smith's second non-Askewniverse comedy. The film, which began shooting on January 18, 2008 in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, and wrapped on March 15, 2008, stars Seth Rogen and Elizabeth Banks as the title characters who decide to make a low-budget pornographic film to solve their money problems. The film, which was released on October 31, 2008, ran into many conflicts getting an "R" rating, with Rogen stating: Smith took the film through the MPAA's appeals process and received the R rating, without having to make any further edits. Zack and Miri Make a Porno was considered a box office "flop" in part because of "tepid media advertising for a movie with the title PORNO", and, in the aftermath of the film's "flaccid" performance, the business relationship between Smith and producer Harvey Weinstein became "frayed".
It was announced in 2009 that Smith had signed on to direct a buddy-cop comedy starring Bruce Willis and Tracy Morgan called A Couple of Dicks and written by the Cullen Brothers. Due to controversy surrounding the original title, it was changed to A Couple of Cops, before reverting back its original title, A Couple of Dicks, due to negative reaction, before finally settling on the title Cop Out. The film, which was shot between June and August 2009, involved a pair of veteran cops tracking down a stolen vintage baseball card, and was released on February 26, 2010 to poor reviews; it was the first film that Smith has directed but not written.
In September 2010, Smith started work on Red State, an independently-financed horror film inspired by the Westboro Baptist Church and their Pastor Fred Phelps. In February 2010, he talked about his project with Cinssu, Film producers and moguls Bob and Harvey Weinstein who had thus far been involved in the distribution of most of Smith's films, with the exception of Mallrats and Cop Out, declined to support Red State. The film stars Michael Parks, John Goodman, Melissa Leo and Stephen Root. Smith had indicated that he would auction off rights to the $4 million film at a controversial event following the debut screening of the film at Sundance but instead, kept the rights to the film himself with plans to self-distribute the picture "under the Smodcast Pictures Banner" on a national tour in select cities before officially releasing the movie on October 19, 2011. Kevin Smith listed Mel Gibson as a role-model he looked up to, and his inspiration, for how he planned to distribute this movie, citing Gibson's The Passion of the Christ as an example of a successfully self-distributed movie. The film was released in January 2011. The premiere drew protests from a half-dozen members of the church, along with many more who counter-protested Westboro members. Smith embarked on a nationwide tour with the film.
Smith will direct a hockey drama-comedy based on the song "Hit Somebody (The Hockey Song)" by Warren Zevon. The song, which is about a hockey player famous for fighting on the rink, was co-written by Tuesdays With Morrie author Mitch Albom, who is working with Smith on the film. Smith announced that Nicholas Braun had been cast in the lead role of Buddy McCracken. Although Smith had previously mentioned other projects he had planned, he announced at the Sundance premiere of Red State that Hit Somebody will be the last movie he ever directs, and that he will continue to tell stories in other media.
Comics and magazines
Smith has been a regular contributor to Arena magazine. In 2005, Miramax Books released Smith's first book, Silent Bob Speaks, a collection of previously published essays (most from Arena) dissecting pop culture, the movie business, and Smith's personal life. His second book, My Boring-Ass Life: The Uncomfortably Candid Diary of Kevin Smith, published by Titan Books, was another collection of previously published essays (this time blogs from Smith's website www.silentbobspeaks.com) and reached #32 on the New York Times Best Sellers List. Titan released Smith's third book Shootin' the Sh*t with Kevin Smith: The Best of the SModcast on September 29, 2009.A life-long comic book fan, Smith's early forays into comic books dealt with previously established View Askew characters, and were published by Oni Press. He wrote a short Jay and Silent Bob story about Walt Flanagan's dog in Oni Double Feature #1, and followed it with a Bluntman and Chronic story in Oni Double Feature #12. He followed these with a series of Clerks comics. The first was simply Clerks: The Comic Book, which told of Randal's attempts to corner the market on Star Wars toys. The second was Clerks: Holiday Special, where Dante and Randal discover that Santa Claus lives in an apartment between the Quick Stop and RST Video. Third was Clerks: The Lost Scene, showing what happened inside Poston's Funeral Parlor. This story was later animated in the TV series style and included as an extra on the 10th Anniversary Clerks DVD.
Smith then wrote the mini-series Chasing Dogma, which tells the story of Jay and Silent Bob between the films Chasing Amy and Dogma. He has also written the trade paperback Bluntman and Chronic, published by Image, which purports to be a collection of the three issues of the series done by Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards (of Chasing Amy). It includes a color reprinting of the story from Oni Double Feature #12, purported to be an early appearance by Chasing Amy characters Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards. These stories have all been collected in Tales From the Clerks (Graphitti Designs, ISBN 0936211784), which also includes a new "Clerks" story tying in to the Clerks 2 material, and the story from Oni Double Feature #1. They were previously collected by Image Comics in three separate volumes, one each for Clerks, Chasing Dogma and Bluntman and Chronic. In 1999, Smith won a Harvey Award, for Best New Talent in comic books.
In 1999, Smith wrote "Guardian Devil", an eight-issue story arc of Daredevil for Marvel Comics, which was illustrated by Joe Quesada. Kevin Smith followed this by producing a 15-issue tenure on Green Arrow for DC Comics that saw the return of Oliver Queen from the dead and the introduction of Mia Dearden, a teenage girl who would become Speedy after Smith's run had ended.
Smith returned to Marvel for two mini-series: Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil That Men Do and Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target, both of which debuted in 2002. The former was six issues long, but after the third issue was published two months after the initially scheduled release date, the final issues were delayed for at least three years, prompting Marvel to release an "in case you missed it" reprinting of the first three issues as one book prior to the remaining issues' release. The delay in part was due to Smith's movie production schedule (in this case, work on Jersey Girl and Clerks II) causing him to shelve completion of the mini-series until the films were completed. In 2007 he was announced as the writer of an ongoing Black Cat series and The Amazing Spider-Man in early to mid-2002. However, because of the delays on Evil That Men Do and The Target, the plan was switched so that Smith would start a third Spider-Man title, launched in 2004 by Mark Millar instead. While Spider-Man/Black Cat was ultimately completed in 2005, Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target'' remains unfinished, with one issue published.
Smith wrote the limited series Batman: Cacophony, with art by friend Walt Flanagan, which ran from November 2008 to January 2009. As announced at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con, the series featured the villains Onomatopoeia (a character created by Smith during his run at Green Arrow), The Joker, Maxie Zeus, and Victor Zsasz. The trade paperback of Batman: Cacophony became a New York Times Bestseller in their Hardcover Graphic Books section.
In 2010 Smith subsequently wrote a six-issue Batman mini-series called The Widening Gyre for DC, and a Green Hornet story for Dynamite Entertainment, the latter of which was based on an unused script he wrote for a Green Hornet film project that never came to fruition.
In 2011, Dynamite Entertainment announced they would publish The Bionic Man by Smith, based on a 1998 script he wrote that was rejected by Universal as being "more like a comic book than a movie."
Television
In 2000, Smith and Mosier teamed up with television writer David Mandel to develop an animated television show based on Clerks. called Clerks: The Animated Series that aired on ABC in May 2000. It aired only two episodes before being canceled as a result of poor ratings. The six produced episodes were released on DVD in 2001.During the mid-1990s Smith directed and starred in a series of commercials for MTV, alongside Jason Mewes, in which they reprised their roles as Jay & Silent Bob. In 1998 he directed best friend Jason Mewes as "Gary Lamb – Ground Activist" in a series of Nike commercials. That same year, he also shot commercials for Diet Coke. Two years later, he directed "Star Wars" toy commercials for Hasbro. He has also directed and starred in commercials for Panasonic. In 2004 he also shot a public service announcement for the Declare Yourself organization. These advertisements brought Jay and Silent Bob out of their "semi-retirement."
On February 27, 2002 Kevin released a short film for The Tonight Show called "The Flying Car".
Acting roles and other appearances
As an actor, Smith is known for his role as Silent Bob in Clerks, Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, Jay And Silent Bob Strike Back, and Clerks II. He made a cameo appearance in the horror film Scream 3, and was featured along with Jason Mewes in several Degrassi: The Next Generation episodes, including a special, "Jay and Silent Bob Do Degrassi" (also as a fictional version of himself).Smith also appeared in an mtvU show titled Sucks Less With Kevin Smith. The show gives college students ideas for things to do on the weekends. Smith also played the role of Paul, a cynical divorced man, in a Showtime television series pilot, "Manchild", filmed in December 2006. However, it was not picked up by the network.
From 1995 to 1997, Smith played small roles in the View Askew movies Drawing Flies, Vulgar, and Big Helium Dog.
In 2001, he appeared in friend Jeff Anderson's Now You Know. After an August 2001 appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to promote Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Smith returned to the show for monthly segments as a correspondent. The "Roadside Attractions" segments featured Smith traveling to random locations around the country and showcased places like Howe Caverns in upstate New York and the Fish Market in Seattle. While five of these segments were included on the Jersey Girl DVD, at least twelve were aired on the actual show. Smith regularly appeared on the program to introduce the pre-taped pieces.
In 2003, Smith appeared in a cameo role as coroner Jack Kirby in the film Daredevil. In 2006, he voiced the Moose in the CGI cartoon Doogal.
In early 2005, Smith appeared in three episodes of the Canadian-made teen drama Degrassi: The Next Generation. In the episodes, Smith, portraying a fictionalized version of himself, visited the school to work on the (fictional) film Jay and Silent Bob Go Canadian, Eh! Smith wrote all his dialogue for the shows he appeared in. All three episodes were collected on a DVD entitled Jay and Silent Bob Do Degrassi. Smith and Mewes also appeared in two more episodes the following season, when they returned to Degrassi for the Toronto premiere of the fictional Jay and Silent Bob Go Canadian, Eh! movie.
From July 2006 on, Smith has guest reviewed on Ebert & Roeper, in place of Roger Ebert, who was recovering from thyroid cancer treatment. These spots have been notable for the arguments between Smith and Richard Roeper over certain films, with Smith often citing Roeper's poor review of Jersey Girl to discredit his review of the film at hand. On his most recent appearance, Smith compared Craig Brewer's Black Snake Moan to the works of William Faulkner.
In addition to appearing on Degrassi: The Next Generation, Kevin Smith is an avid fan of the original Degrassi series, Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High and references to the original are present in some of his early films. He also appeared in the 2009 made for TV movie Degrassi Goes Hollywood.
Smith directed the pilot for The CW Television Network show Reaper. TV.com's summary of the show is "A twenty-something slacker finally scores a job as the devil's bounty hunter." He describes it as "less Brimstone or Dead Like Me and more like Shaun of the Dead than anything else". He went on to say that the reason he took the job was that he has always wanted to direct something he did not write, but never had an interest in doing it on the big screen.
At the 2007 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that Kevin Smith would write and direct an episode of the Heroes spin-off, Heroes: Origins, but the project was canceled because of the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike. That year, Smith appeared in a number of films. He co-starred as Sam in the film Catch and Release, starring Jennifer Garner. Later that year, he appeared as a hacker called The Warlock in the fourth installment of the Die Hard franchise, Live Free or Die Hard. At year's end, he appeared briefly in friend and fellow writer-director Richard Kelly's Southland Tales, in which he played the legless conspiracy theorist General Simon Theory. That same year, Smith also did voicework for the CGI film TMNT as a diner chef. He was also seen as Rusty (a friend of lead Jason Mewes) in Bottoms Up with co-star Paris Hilton.
Smith has also cameoed in the second season premiere of the sitcom Joey, where he played himself, on an episode of Law & Order in 2000 (episode "Black, White and Blue"), Duck Dodgers (2003 as Hal Jordan, voice only) and Yes, Dear (2004, as himself and Silent Bob). Smith appeared in the second episode of season two of Veronica Mars, playing a store clerk. He stated on his Web site that Veronica Mars is some of the best television work ever produced.
In the third season of the HBO series Entourage, Michael Bay and Kevin Smith are directing and writing Aquaman 2. In Entourage, the characters awkwardly react with obvious disappointment at Smith's involvement. Smith has speculated that, that jab and another from season two may have been motivated by a 1995 book in which he criticized Rob Weiss and his movie Amongst Friends.
Smith has also done small roles on television in shows such as Law & Order, Veronica Mars, Joey, Degrassi: The Next Generation, Phineas and Ferb. In an episode of Yes, Dear, he appeared as Silent Bob, standing while smoking a cigarette as the end credits rolled.
Smith has appeared in four Q&A; documentaries: An Evening with Kevin Smith, An Evening with Kevin Smith 2: Evening Harder and Sold Out: A Threevening with Kevin Smith. The fourth installment, Kevin Smith: Too Fat for 40 was broadcast on epix on October 23, 2010. The first is a collection of filmed appearances at American colleges, while the sequel was shot at two Q&A; shows held in Toronto and London. The third and fourth were filmed in Red Bank, New Jersey at the Count Basie Theater on Smith's 37th and 40th birthdays, respectively. The first two DVD sets were released by Sony Home Video, while the third was put out by the Weinstein Company. Smith appears with Marvel Comics guru Stan Lee in Marvel Then & Now: An Evening With Stan Lee and Joe Quesada, hosted by Kevin Smith. The film is similar in tone to the Evening with Kevin Smith series. Proceeds from the sale of the film benefit The Hero Initiative, a charitable organization that aids ill or aging comic book creators.
Secret Stash
Smith owns and operates Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash in Red Bank, New Jersey, a comic book store largely dedicated to merchandise related to his films and comics. The current location is its second. The store was moved to a defunct ice cream parlor on Broad St. after Smith sold the Monmouth St. property. The New Jersey location is managed by Smith's long time friend Walt Flanagan, who appears frequently in Smith's films. A second Secret Stash in the Westwood section of Los Angeles was opened in September 2004 and was managed by long-time associate Bryan Johnson, who has appeared in Smith's films as Steve-Dave. Smith had announced that he would close after his lease expired and Johnson wanted to resign, but eventually relocated to Laser Blazer, a DVD store in Los Angeles. In January 2009 the West Coast Store closed, leaving the east coast store as Smith's only operating store.
On the Internet
Smith has a website, The View Askewniverse, which opened in late 1995. He also has an online blog, "My Boring-Ass Life", the contents of which were published in a book by the same name. Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back's fictional website MoviePoopShoot.com became real in 2002. It became Quick Stop Entertainment and was the home of SModcast until it was sold and Smodcast moved to a dedicated website Smodcast.com, which also carries the other Smodcast network podcasts in early 2010.On February 5, 2007, Smith and Scott Mosier began SModcast (Smith-Mosier podcast), a regular comedy podcast. There have been several episodes with guest stars filling in for Scott Mosier, including Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, Jason Mewes, Walt Flanagan, Malcolm Ingram, Bryan Johnson, Jeff Anderson, his mother, Grace, and Smith's daughter, Harley Quinn Smith.
Controversies
2010 Southwest Airlines incident
On February 13, 2010, Kevin Smith was on board a Southwest Airlines flight in Oakland bound for Burbank when he was removed from the plane, allegedly over concerns he was too obese to fly safely. Per Smith, he was able to put both armrests down in accordance with Southwest Airlines policy, and both passengers on either side did not object to his presence. Smith was then removed from the flight after being told he was a safety concern. After being booked on a later flight and being offered a $100 Southwest Airlines voucher, which he turned down, Smith lashed out at Southwest Airlines on his Twitter account.Southwest Airlines representatives later released two statements regarding the incident via their blog. In the first statement, Southwest claimed that Mr. Smith "has been known to (...) purchase two Southwest seats" and cited its "Customer of Size" policy which requires that customers who cannot put their armrests down purchase two seats. In his podcast, Smith stated that he regularly purchased two seats, and had done so the previous week, because he preferred not having to sit next to anyone, not due to his size. In releasing this statement, Southwest disclosed Smith's personal travel details without his permission. The first statement also claimed that the flight captain has personally determined that Smith was too large to fly. In its second statement, Southwest contradicted this claim, stating that the captain had not singled out Smith.
Smith later released an entire episode of SModcast devoted to the subject, giving a lengthy description of the incident, in which he claimed that he had been able to lower the armrests completely and comfortably and claimed to have been repeatedly lied to by airline personnel. He also referred to the airline as the "Greyhound of the Air" and vowed to never fly the airline again.
In his podcast, Smith stated that on his return flight a large female passenger was told to ask him if it was all right that she was sitting next to an empty seat he had bought between them, and it was suggested by Southwest staffers that she may need to purchase an additional seat due to her size, even though she had been placed next to an already-purchased empty seat. She was also the subject of an episode of SModcast.
Smith also released 24 video statements on YouTube further describing the incident. A year after the incident, he had lost 65 pounds through controlled diet and regular exercise, including walking up and down a hill near his home in the Hollywood Hills.
Cop Out controversy
A talent rep associated with the production of Cop Out reported conflicts on set between Smith and Bruce Willis, saying of Smith, "He smokes way too much pot. He sat behind his monitor. He didn't interact with the actors. The actors felt they were on their own." Smith defended his use of marijuana while working, claiming "I dealt with every actor who wanted to be dealt with on that set" and pointed to the amount of projects he worked on while making "Cop Out" to counter claims he was unproductive because of marijuana. Smith admitted in an interview that heavy marijuana-smoking had become an integral part of his work ethic after claiming that he watched actor Seth Rogen on the set of Zack and Miri Make a Porno use marijuana as a tool to become a more creative and "productive" worker, saying "The moment I start smoking, I start working. ... That way, no one could ever take it away from you."}}In response to the critical drubbing his 2010 film Cop Out received, Kevin Smith lashed out at the community of film critics on his Twitter account saying, "Writing a nasty review for Cop Out is akin to bullying a retarded kid. All you’ve done is make fun of something that wasn't doing you any harm and wanted only to give some cats some fun laughs." Smith also implied on Twitter that he may charge critics for advance screenings of his films, a service which has typically been provided free; this subsequently ignited a strong response from some critics condemning his stance as "dishonest" and "disingenuous".
Public appearances
Smith's longest Q&A; session took place April 2, 2005, at the Count Basie Theatre in Red Bank, New Jersey. The sold-out event was over seven hours long, took place from 8 pm through 3 am (which due to daylight saving time, was actually 4 am). Following the Q&A;, he opened Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash for a meet-and-greet with the numerous remaining audience members, which ended around 6:30 am. Smith then hopped a plane and did another Q&A; at the Raue Center For The Arts in Crystal Lake, Illinois, that night. Planned for two hours, it lasted just over five hours, ending a little after 1 am Central time.On June 17, 2009 Smith made a sold out appearance at Carnegie Hall.
Personal life
Smith is married to Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, and photographed her for the magazine Playboy. Their daughter, Harley Quinn, was born June 26, 1999, and was named after the character from Batman: The Animated Series, who was created by friend and fellow writer Paul Dini. They live in the Hollywood Hills.Although Smith was raised Catholic, he has said on "Back to the Well", the Clerks II documentary, that now he only goes to Mass on the day before he starts production of a movie, and the day before it premieres. He never smoked until his debut film, Clerks, in which he used the cigarettes as a prop, but never actually inhaled. In fact, he has said that prior to filming Clerks, he was a staunch non-smoker.
Kevin Smith is a hockey fan and loyal New Jersey Devils fan. Smith is also a fan of the Edmonton Oilers.
Filmography
Recognition
Bibliography
Books
Books by Smith include:
Comics
Trade paperback introductions:
References
External links
Category:1970 births Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:American bloggers Category:American comics writers Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American podcasters Category:American screenwriters Category:American television actors Category:Harvey Award winners for Best New Talent Category:American writers of Irish descent Category:Living people Category:People from Monmouth County, New Jersey Category:People from Red Bank, New Jersey Category:The New School alumni Category:View Askewniverse Category:Writers from New Jersey Category:American Roman Catholics Category:Science fiction fans
bs:Kevin Smith ca:Kevin Smith cs:Kevin Smith da:Kevin Smith de:Kevin Smith es:Kevin Smith fa:کوین اسمیت fr:Kevin Smith (réalisateur) hr:Kevin Smith is:Kevin Smith it:Kevin Smith he:קווין סמית' hu:Kevin Smith nl:Kevin Smith (regisseur) ja:ケヴィン・スミス no:Kevin Smith nn:Kevin Smith uz:Kevin Smith pl:Kevin Smith pt:Kevin Smith ru:Смит, Кевин simple:Kevin Smith sr:Кевин Смит fi:Kevin Smith sv:Kevin Smith tr:Kevin Smith uk:Кевін СмітThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N |
|---|---|
| name | Little Red |
| background | group_or_band |
| origin | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| genre | Pop, rock |
| years active | 2005 – present |
| label | Liberation Music |
| associated acts | The GreasersThe HondasThe Cuckoos |
| website | Little Red Music |
| current members | Adrian BeltrameDominic ByrneQuang DinhTom HartneyTaka Honda |
| past members | }} |
Little Red is a rock band from Melbourne, Australia most famous for their 2010 single, Rock It consisting of Adrian Beltrame (guitar, vocals), Dominic Byrne (guitar, vocals), Quang Dinh (bass, vocals), Tom Hartney (vocals, keyboards, tambourine and harmonica) and Taka Honda (drums).
Biography
The band was formed in 2005 and were featured on Triple J Unearthed. The band won the 2008 Australia-wide 'Garage to V' competition held by Virgin Mobile to win a slot at all shows of the Australian V Festival in 2008, while the band has also performed at the Falls Festival, Meredith Music Festival, the Big Day Out, the Pyramid Rock Festival and the Laneway Festival.Little Red's songs "Waiting", "Coca-Cola" and "Witch Doctor" have all received regular play on Australian nation-wide radio station Triple J, while "Coca-Cola" was also included on the official soundtrack of Australian TV series Underbelly, and was voted #47 on the 2008 Triple J Hottest 100.
The band independently released in Australia an album entitled Listen to Little Red on 28 June 2008, which debuted at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was licensed for release outside of Australia by the UK independent Lucky Number Music and was released on November 16, 2009 in the UK and early 2010 internationally.
In September, 2010, the band released a second album, Midnight Remember, featuring their latest single, "Rock It" which gained a gold accreditation and second place in Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2010, with the album's second single "Slow Motion" securing 79th position.
On April 21, 2011 they released a music video to "All Mine," also from Midnight Remember on youtube, through the Liberation Music record label's account.
Touring
Discography
Albums
Listen to Little Red — Hooch Hound/Shock (28 June 2008) AUS #29 — Lucky Number/Lucky Number Music (2009) Midnight Remember — Liberation (September 2010) AUS #5
EPs
Singles
References
External links
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Affiliated Video Suggestions
