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Albita Rodríguez
Albita Rodríguez (born in 6 June 1962 in Havana, Cuba), known in her music career simply as Albita, is a Grammy-winning Cuban-American singer, producer and composer.
http://wn.com/Albita_Rodríguez -
Alicia Alonso
Alicia Alonso Martínez (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez Hoya on December 21, 1920) is the Cuban prima ballerina and choreographer. Her company became the Ballet de Cuba in 1955.
http://wn.com/Alicia_Alonso -
Amerindian
http://wn.com/Amerindian -
Berber people
Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are discontinuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke various Berber languages, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Today many of them speak Darija and also French in the Maghreb, due to the French colonization of the Maghreb, and especially Spanish in Morocco. Today most Berber-speaking people live in Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia.
http://wn.com/Berber_people -
Black people
The term black people usually refers to a racial group of humans with skin colors that range from light brown to nearly black. According to a recent scientific study, human skin color diversity is highest in sub-Saharan African populations. It is also used to categorize a number of diverse populations together based on historical and prehistorical ancestral relationships. Some definitions of the term include only people of relatively recent Sub Saharan African descent (see African diaspora). Among the members of this group, dark skin is most often accompanied by the expression of natural afro-hair texture. Other definitions of the term "black people" extend to other populations characterized by dark skin, including some indigenous to Oceania and Southeast Asia.
http://wn.com/Black_people -
Canarian people
The Canarians are an ethnic group living in the archipelago of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), near the coast of Western Africa. The variety of the Spanish language spoken in the region is the Habla Canaria (Canary speech) or the Dialecto Canario (Canarian dialect), a distinctive dialect of Spanish spoken in the islands.
http://wn.com/Canarian_people -
Carlos Acosta
Carlos Acosta (born 2 June 1973) is a Cuban ballet dancer. He has danced with many companies including the English National Ballet, National Ballet of Cuba, Houston Ballet and American Ballet Theatre. He has been a permanent member of The Royal Ballet since 1998, and in 2003 he was promoted to Principal Guest Artist, a rank which reduced his commitment to the Royal Ballet, enabling him to concentrate on a growing schedule of international guest appearances and tours.
http://wn.com/Carlos_Acosta -
Catalan people
The Catalans are the people from, or with origins in Catalonia, a historical Nation and today an Autonomous Community in Spain. The inhabitants of the adjacent portion of southern France (known in Catalonia proper as Catalunya Nord, and in France as the Pays Catalan) are sometimes included in this definition.
http://wn.com/Catalan_people -
Cherokee
The Cherokee () are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family. In the 19th century, historians and ethnographers recorded their oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples were located.
http://wn.com/Cherokee -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Chinese Cuban
A Chinese Cuban (, Cantonese Jyutping: Gu2 Baa1 Waa4 jan4; ) is a Cuban of Chinese ancestry who was born in or has immigrated to Cuba. They are part of the ethnic Chinese diaspora (or Overseas Chinese).
http://wn.com/Chinese_Cuban -
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:
http://wn.com/Chinese_people -
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy,[http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/columbus_christopher.jsp Questia - COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER] "Columbus, Christopher". Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals. 2010[http://books.google.it/books?id=dX4G3Q22UicC&pg;=PR9&dq;=Columbus+born+Genoa&lr;=&cd;=45#v=onepage&q;&f;=true Memorials Of Columbus: Or, A Collection Of Authentic Documents Of That Celebrated Navigator (page 9)] Country of origin: USA. Pages: 428. Publisher: BiblioBazaar. Publication Date: 2010-01-01.[http://books.google.it/books?id=Jvf2Zj_czhIC&pg;=PA127&dq;=Columbus+born+genoa&lr;=&cd;=174#v=onepage&q;&f;=true Native American History for Dummies (page 127)] Authors: Dorothy Lippert, Stephen J. Spignesi and Phil Konstantin. Paperback: 364 pages. Publisher: For Dummies. Publication Date: 2007-10-29.[http://books.google.it/books?id=XNbqUR_IoOMC&pg;=PA67&lpg;=PA68&dq;=Columbus+between+25+August+and+31+October+1451&lr;=&cd;=7#v=onepage&q;&f;=true The peoples of the Caribbean: an encyclopedia of archeology and traditional culture (page 67)] Author: Nicholas J. Saunders. Hardcover: 399 pages. Publisher: ABC-CLIO. Publication Date: 2006-07-15. whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".
http://wn.com/Christopher_Columbus -
Cuban Americans
http://wn.com/Cuban_Americans -
Daína Chaviano
Daina Chaviano (born 1960. in Havana) is a Cuban writer.
http://wn.com/Daína_Chaviano -
English people
The English (from ) are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens.
http://wn.com/English_people -
Ernesto Lecuona
Ernesto Lecuona y Casado (August 6, 1895 Guanabacoa, Havana, Cuba - November 29, 1963 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain) was a Cuban composer and pianist of Canarian father and Cuban mother, and worldwide fame. He composed over six hundred pieces, mostly in the Cuban vein, and was a pianist of exceptional quality.
http://wn.com/Ernesto_Lecuona -
Felipe Poey
Felipe Poey y Aloy (May 26, 1799 — January 28, 1891) was a Cuban zoologist.
http://wn.com/Felipe_Poey -
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban politician. One of the primary leaders of the Cuban Revolution, Castro served as the Prime Minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976, and then as the President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of Council of Ministers of Cuba until his resignation from the office in February 2008. He currently serves as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, a position he has held since 1965.
http://wn.com/Fidel_Castro -
French people
French people can refer to:
http://wn.com/French_people -
Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban President, dictator, and military leader closely aligned with and supported by the United States. He served as the leader of Cuba from 1933–1944, and 1952–1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution.
http://wn.com/Fulgencio_Batista -
Galician people
The Galicians () are an ethnic group, a nationality whose historical homeland is Galicia, which is located in the north-west of Spain. Most Galicians are bilingual, speaking both their historic language, Galician, as well as Castilian.
http://wn.com/Galician_people -
German people
http://wn.com/German_people -
Greek people
http://wn.com/Greek_people -
Guanches
Guanches (also: Guanchis or Guanchetos), now extinct as a distinct people, were the first known inhabitants of the Canary Islands, having migrated to the archipelago sometime between 1000 BC and 100 BC or perhaps earlier. Their aboriginal culture as such has however since disappeared, although traces of it can still be found, an example being the "whistle" Silbo language of La Gomera Island.
http://wn.com/Guanches -
Irish people
The Irish people (, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaedhil) are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies, see Prehistoric Ireland), with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded have legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolgs, Tuatha Dé Danann and the Milesians the last group supposedly representing the "pure" Gaelic ancestry, and still serving as a term for the Irish race today. The main groups that interacted with the Irish in the Middle Ages include the Scottish people and the Vikings, with the Icelanders especially having some Irish descent. The Anglo-Norman invasion of the High Middle Ages, the English plantations and the subsequent English rule of the country introduced the Normans and Flemish into Ireland. Welsh, Picts, Bretons, and small parties of Gauls and even Anglo-Saxons are known in Ireland from much earlier times.
http://wn.com/Irish_people -
Italian people
The Italian people () are a people that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of Jus Sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian peninsula.
http://wn.com/Italian_people -
Japanese people
The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as . The term "Japanese people" may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato people, Ainu people, and Ryukyuans.
http://wn.com/Japanese_people -
Jew
http://wn.com/Jew -
Jose Marti
http://wn.com/Jose_Marti -
José Martí
José Julián Martí Pérez (January 28, 1853 – May 19, 1895) was a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. In his short life he was a poet, an essayist, a journalist, a revolutionary philosopher, a translator, a professor, a publisher, and a political theorist. Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol for Cuba's bid for independence against Spain in the 19th century, and is referred to as the "Apostle of Cuban Independence." He also fought against the threat of United States expansionism into Cuba. From adolescence, he dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence for Cuba and intellectual independence for all Spanish Americans; his murder was used as a cry for Cuban independence from Spain by both the Cuban revolutionaries and those Cubans previously reluctant to start a revolt.
http://wn.com/José_Martí -
Korean people
http://wn.com/Korean_people -
Leonardo Padura
http://wn.com/Leonardo_Padura -
Miguel Teurbe Tolón
Miguel Teurbe Tolón y de la Guardia (September 20, 1820—November 16, 1857) was a Cuban playwright, poet, and the creator of the Coat of arms of Cuba.
http://wn.com/Miguel_Teurbe_Tolón -
Narciso Lopez
http://wn.com/Narciso_Lopez -
Narciso López
Narciso López (1797–1851) was an adventurer and soldier, famous for his attempts to liberate Cuba from Spain in the 1850s.
http://wn.com/Narciso_López -
Palestinians
http://wn.com/Palestinians -
Poles
The Polish people, or Poles ( , singular Polak) are the inhabitants of Poland and Polish emigrants irrespective of their ancestry. Their religion is predominantly Roman Catholic. As a nation, they are bounded by the Polish language, which belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of west slavic languages of Central Europe. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Western and Eastern Europe, the Americas and Australia. Polish citizens live predominantly in Poland.
http://wn.com/Poles -
Portuguese people
The Portuguese () are an ethnic group or nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
http://wn.com/Portuguese_people -
Romanian people
http://wn.com/Romanian_people -
Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Celtic Picts (east) and the Gaels (west), incorporating neighbouring Britons as well as Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.
http://wn.com/Scottish_people -
Seminole
The Seminole are a Native American tribe originally of Florida, who now reside primarily in that state and Oklahoma. The Seminole nation emerged in a process of ethnogenesis out of groups of Native Americans, most significantly Creeks from what is now Georgia and Alabama, who settled in Florida in the early 18th century. The word Seminole is a corruption of cimarrón, a Spanish term for "runaway" or "wild one", historically used for certain Indian groups in Florida. The Seminole are closely related to the Miccosukee, who were recognized as a separate tribe in 1962.
http://wn.com/Seminole -
Spaniards
http://wn.com/Spaniards -
Spanish American
A Spanish American is a citizen or resident of the United States with ethnic origins in the southwestern European nation of Spain. Spanish Americans are the earliest European American group, with a continuous presence since 1565.
http://wn.com/Spanish_American -
Spanish people
Spanish people or Spaniards constitute the European nation and ethnic group native of Spain, in the Iberian Peninsula, which forms the southwest of Europe. The Spanish nationality is in essence made up of regional nationalities, reflecting the complex history of Spain. Spain, in its current boundaries, was formed out of a number of predecessor kingdoms in the late 15th century as a result of the Reconquista and the War of the Castilian Succession.
http://wn.com/Spanish_people -
Taíno people
The Taínos were pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. It is believed that the seafaring Taínos are relatives of the Arawakan people of South America. Their language is a member of the Maipurean linguistic family, which ranges from South America across the Caribbean.
http://wn.com/Taíno_people -
Zoé Valdés
Zoé Valdés (born 1959) is a Cuban writer.
http://wn.com/Zoé_Valdés
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The Principality of Asturias (, ; ) is an autonomous community within the kingdom of Spain, former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. It is situated on the Spanish north coast (Bay of Biscay) facing the Cantabrian Sea.
http://wn.com/Asturias -
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil -
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California -
Camagüey is a city and municipality in central Cuba and is the nation's fourth largest city. It is the capital of the Camagüey Province.
http://wn.com/Camagüey -
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
The Canary Islands (, also known as the Canaries; , ; ) are a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish Autonomous Community and an Outermost Region of the European Union. The islands include (from largest to smallest): Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, La Graciosa, Alegranza and Montaña Clara.
http://wn.com/Canary_Islands -
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
http://wn.com/Cuba -
The Dominican Republic (; , ) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with and an estimated 10 million people.
http://wn.com/Dominican_Republic -
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
http://wn.com/Florida -
http://wn.com/Guantanamo -
Havana (, , officially Ciudad de La Habana,) is the capital city, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city is one of the 14 Cuban provinces. The city/province has 2.1 million inhabitants, the largest city in Cuba and the largest in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.
http://wn.com/Havana -
Honduras (, , ) is a republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras (now Belize). The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
http://wn.com/Honduras -
http://wn.com/Iberian_peninsula -
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
http://wn.com/New_Jersey -
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
http://wn.com/New_York -
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
http://wn.com/Nicaragua -
Santa Clara is the capital city of the Cuban province of Villa Clara. It is located in the most central region of the province and almost in the most central region of the country.
http://wn.com/Santa_Clara_Cuba -
Santiago de Cuba is the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in the south-eastern area of the island nation of Cuba, some east south-east of the Cuban capital of Havana.
http://wn.com/Santiago_de_Cuba -
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
http://wn.com/Spanish_colony -
Texas () is the second-largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state in the contiguous United States.
http://wn.com/Texas -
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
http://wn.com/US -
The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian (which crosses Greenwich in London, England, United Kingdom), the other half being the eastern hemisphere. It is also used, mainly in North America, to specifically refer to the Americas (or the New World) and adjacent waters, while excluding other territories that lie geographically in Western Hemisphere (parts of Africa, Europe, Antarctica, and Asia); thus, it is sometimes referred to as the American hemisphere.
http://wn.com/Western_Hemisphere
- Albita Rodríguez
- Alicia Alonso
- American English
- Amerindian
- Asturias
- Berber people
- big band
- birth rate
- Black people
- bolero
- Brazil
- California
- Camagüey
- Canada
- Canarian people
- Canary Islands
- Caribbean Spanish
- Carlos Acosta
- Catalan people
- Celia Cruz
- Central Africa
- cha,cha,cha
- Cherokee
- China
- Chinese Cuban
- Chinese people
- Choctaw
- Christopher Columbus
- Ciboney
- cigar
- Cuba
- Cuban Americans
- Cuban British
- Cuban exile
- Cuban literature
- Cuban revolution
- Cuban Spanish
- Cuban-American lobby
- Cubans in Brazil
- Cubans in Canada
- Daína Chaviano
- de facto
- Dominican Republic
- East Asia
- emigration
- English people
- Ernesto Lecuona
- Europe
- exile
- Felipe Poey
- Fidel Castro
- flag of Cuba
- Florida
- French people
- Fulgencio Batista
- Galician people
- German people
- Gofio
- Greek people
- Guanches
- Guantanamo
- Havana
- Holguin
- Honduras
- Iberian peninsula
- Immigration to Spain
- indentured laborer
- Irish people
- Irreligion
- Italian people
- Japanese people
- Jew
- Jose Marti
- José Martí
- Judaism
- Klaxon
- Kongo people
- Korean people
- La Palma
- Latin America
- Latin Americans
- Leonardo Padura
- lexicon
- List of Cubans
- mambo
- Mariel boatlift
- Miami, Florida
- Middle East
- Miguel Teurbe Tolón
- mining
- mojo (sauce)
- moros y cristianos
- Mulatto
- Music of Cuba
- Narciso Lopez
- Narciso López
- New Jersey
- New York
- Nicaragua
- onomatopoeia
- Orient
- Palestinians
- Pedro Juan Gutiérrez
- Poles
- Portuguese people
- President of Cuba
- Protestantism
- punto Cubano
- Rail transport
- rebellions
- Romanian people
- ropa vieja
- rumba
- Russian people
- salsa music
- Santa Clara, Cuba
- Santería
- Santiago de Cuba
- Scottish people
- Seminole
- skirt
- socialist state
- son
- Son Cubano (music)
- Soviet Union
- Spain
- Spaniards
- Spanish American
- Spanish colony
- Spanish language
- Spanish people
- Spanish-American War
- Stalinist
- Taíno people
- Texas
- The Antilles
- Turkish people
- United Kingdom
- United States
- US
- verb
- Western Hemisphere
- White Hispanic
- White Latin American
- White people
- Zoé Valdés
Cubanate
Releases by album:
Album releases
Interference
(Released 1998)
Barbarossa
(Released 1996)
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Vortech I
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Barbarossa
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Joy
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Why Are You Here?
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Exultation
-
The Musclemen
-
Come Alive
-
Vortech II
-
Lord of the Flies
Antimatter
(Released 1995)
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Body Burn
-
Angeldust
-
Autonomy
-
Metal (D-Code hard mix)
-
Junky
-
Blackout
-
Exert/Disorder
-
Kill or Cure
-
Body Burn (D-Code club mix)
-
Angeltrance (D-Code mix)
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Junky (D-Code Industriance mix)
-
Body Burn (Joolz extended mix)
Cyberia
(Released 1995)
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Cyberia
-
Oxyacetylene
-
Hatesong
-
Build
-
Transit
-
Skeletal
-
Human Drum
-
Das Island
-
Industry
-
False Dawn
-
Hatesong (extended)
-
Oxyacetylene (extended)

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Published: 17 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 05 Nov 2011
- Author: journeymanpictures

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Published: 14 Dec 2006
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: boogaluproductions

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:54
- Published: 01 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Published: 29 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 11 Oct 2011
- Author: BroadbandTVTravel

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Published: 13 Jan 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: trythisagain

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 27 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: AssociatedPress

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Published: 31 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 26 Nov 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 24 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2011
- Author: journeymanpictures

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 29 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 28 Sep 2011
- Author: BroadbandTVTravel


- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Published: 30 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Published: 30 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 28 Sep 2011
- Author: BroadbandTVTravel

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Published: 30 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: CubaVideosCom

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Published: 12 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: latinosomos

- Order: Reorder
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- Afro Latin American
- Albita Rodríguez
- Alicia Alonso
- American English
- Amerindian
- Asturias
- Berber people
- big band
- birth rate
- Black people
- bolero
- Brazil
- California
- Camagüey
- Canada
- Canarian people
- Canary Islands
- Caribbean Spanish
- Carlos Acosta
- Catalan people
- Celia Cruz
- Central Africa
- cha,cha,cha
- Cherokee
- China
- Chinese Cuban
- Chinese people
- Choctaw
- Christopher Columbus
- Ciboney
- cigar
- Cuba
- Cuban Americans
- Cuban British
- Cuban exile
- Cuban literature
- Cuban revolution
- Cuban Spanish
- Cuban-American lobby
- Cubans in Brazil
- Cubans in Canada
- Daína Chaviano
- de facto
- Dominican Republic
- East Asia
- emigration
- English people
- Ernesto Lecuona
- Europe
- exile
- Felipe Poey
- Fidel Castro
- flag of Cuba
- Florida
- French people
- Fulgencio Batista
- Galician people
- German people
- Gofio
- Greek people
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Coordinates | 42°33′″N0°33′″N |
---|---|
Group | Cubans''Cubanos |
Population | Cuban people (2010) 11,241,161Total population of Cuba |
Region1 | (2009/Cuban born) |
Pop1 | 991,385 |
Ref1 | |
Region2 | (2010) |
Pop2 | 110,876 |
Ref2 | |
Region3 | (2008) |
Pop3 | 15,883 |
Ref3 | |
Region4 | (2001) |
Pop4 | 9,795 |
Ref4 | |
Region5 | (2006) |
Pop5 | 9,395 |
Ref5 | |
Region6 | (2010) |
Pop6 | 8,105 |
Ref6 | |
Region7 | (2002) |
Pop7 | 3,163 |
Ref7 | |
Region8 | (2001) |
Pop8 | 2,457 |
Ref8 | |
Region9 | (2008) |
Pop9 | 2,146 |
Ref9 | |
Region10 | (2005) |
Pop10 | 1,459 |
Ref10 | |
Region11 | (2000) |
Pop11 | 1,343 |
Ref11 | |
Region12 | (2001) |
Pop12 | 1,242 |
Ref12 | |
Region13 | (2000) |
Pop13 | 1,168 |
Ref13 | |
Region14 | (2008) |
Pop14 | 1,123 |
Ref14 | |
Region15 | (2001) |
Pop15 | 1,083 |
Ref15 | |
Region16 | (2000) |
Pop16 | 141 |
Ref16 | |
Langs | Cuban Spanish |
Rels | Predominantly Roman CatholicJewish, Protestant, Santería, irreligious minorities }} |
Cubans () are people inhabiting or originating from Cuba. Most Cubans live in Cuba, although there is also a large Cuban diaspora, especially in the United States and Spain.
Demographics
The largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba (2009) are to be found in Havana ( 2,141,993), Santiago de Cuba ( 446,233), Camagüey (1,307,841), Holguin (294,313), Guantanamo ( 222,243), and Santa Clara ( 220,210). According to Cuba's Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE 2002 Census, the population was 11,177,743, including:
Ancestry
The ancestry of White Cubans comes primarily from Spaniards. During the 18th, 19th and early part of the 20th century especially, large waves of Canary Islanders, Galicians, Asturians, and Catalans emigrated from Spain to Cuba. Other European nationalities which immigrated include: English, Scots, Russians, Poles, Portuguese, Romanians, Italians, Greeks, French, Germans and Irish. There is a small remnant of a Jewish community. There is also significant ethnic influx from diverse Middle Eastern peoples, especially Lebanese, Palestinians, Turks, and Syrians.Afro-Cubans compose 10.08% to 23.84% of the population. Their origins are mainly Kongo, a Central African people. (However, the dominant tradition in the Afro-Cuban syncretic religion of Santeria is Yoruba; further, the greeting in Santeria of 'salaam aleikum' points to Arabic influence from North Africa.)
Cubans of East Asian/Oriental origins make up 1.02% of the population. They are mostly of Chinese, Japanese, or Korean origins.
Of the Tainos few remain. Some American Indians from the United States settled in Cuba in the 19th century (notably Cherokee, Choctaw and Seminole). There are no exact figures on their current descendants.
The total population in the official 1953 Census was 5,829,029 people. Intermarriage between diverse groups is so general as to be the rule.
+ | |||||
(Official 2002 Cuba Census) | |||||
style="background:#efefef;">Race | Total | Men | Women | % Of Total | |
7,271,926 | 3,618,349| | 3,653,577 | 65.05% | ||
Black peopleBlack | |
1,126,894| | 593,876 | 533,018 | 10.08% |
'''Mulatto | 2,658,675| | 1,385,008 | 1,393,915 | 23.84% | |
Chinese CubanAsian | |
112,268| | 56,098 | 56,170 | 1.02% |
(Official 1953 Cuba Census) |
|
||||
style="background:#efefef;">Race | Total | Men | Women | % Of Total | |
White PeopleWhite | |
4,243,956 | 2,172,933| | 2,071,023 | 72.8% |
Black peopleBlack | |
725,311| | 379,107 | 346,204 | 12.4% |
'''Mulatto | 843,105| | 418,009 | 425,096 | 14.5% | |
Chinese CubanAsian | |
16,657| | 15,106 | 1,551 | 0.3% |
Cuba's birth rate (9.88 births per thousand population in 2006) is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. Its overall population has increased continuously from around 7 million in 1961 to over 11 million now, but the rate of increase has stopped in the last few decades, and has recently turned to a decrease, with the Cuban government in 2006 reporting the first drop in the population since the Mariel boatlift. Immigration and emigration have had noticeable effects on the demographic profile of Cuba during the 20th century. Between 1900 and 1930, close to a million Spaniards arrived from Spain.
Since 1959, over a million Cubans have left the island, primarily to Miami, Florida, where a vocal, well-educated and economically successful exile community exists (Cuban-American lobby). The emigration that occurred immediately after the Cuban Revolution was primarily of the upper and middle classes that were predominantly white, thus contributing to a demographic shift along with changes in birth rates and racial identifications among the various ethnic groups.
Genetics
According to the geographical origin attributed to each mtDNA haplogroup (female lineages), 55% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin (namely, Europe and the Middle East). and 45% are of African origin.Another study done on the population of Pinar del Rio, which used a greater sample size (n=300) found that 50% of the Mt-DNA lineages could be traced back to Europeans, 46% to Africans and 4% to Native Americans. This figure is consistent with both the historical background of the region, and the current demographics of it.
Regarding Y-chromosome haplogroups (male lineages), 78.8% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin, 19.7% of African origin and 1.5% of East Asian origin. Among the West Eurasian fraction, the vast majority of individuals belong to West European haplogroup R1b. The African lineages found in Cubans have a Western (haplogroups E1, E2, E1b1a ) and Northern (E1b1b-M81 ) African origin. The "Berber" haplogroup E1b1b1b (E-M81), is found at a frequency of 6.1%.
According to Fregel et al. (2009), the fact that autochthonous male E-M81 and female U6 lineages from the Canaries have been detected in Cuba and Iberoamerica, demonstrates that Canary Islanders with indigenous Guanche ancestors actively participated in the American colonization.
Cubans abroad
The United States is home to the largest number of Cubans outside Cuba, particularly in Miami and other major cities in Florida as well as in New Jersey, California, New York and Texas. Smaller numbers of Cubans live in many other countries around the world, especially in Latin America and Europe (especially in Spain, with 110,876; see Immigration to Spain; and the United Kingdom, with around 1,083; see Cuban British). There are about 9,395 in Canada (see Cubans in Canada), and in Brazil 1,343 (see Cubans in Brazil).After the founding of the republic in 1902, a considerable migration arrived from the Iberian peninsula to the island, between them were more than a few former Spanish soldiers who participated in the wars, and yet it never created an obstacle for the respect and affection of Cubans, who have always been proud of their origins.
In December 2008, Spain began accepting citizenship applications from the descendants of people who went into exile after its brutal 1936-39 Civil War, part of a 2007 law meant to address the painful legacy of the conflict. This new Historical Memory Law may grant up to 500,000 passports to Cubans of Spanish ancestry. Under the law, the descendants have until December 2011 to present themselves at the Spanish embassy in their home country and turn in documentation that proves their parents or grandparents fled Spain between 1936 and 1955. They do not need to relinquish their current citizenship.
History
The first people known to have inhabited Cuba was the Ciboney, an Amerindian people. They were followed by another Amerindian people, the Taíno who were the main population both of Cuba and other islands in The Antilles when Christopher Columbus first sighted the island in 1492. He claimed the islands for Spain and Cuba became a Spanish colony. It was to remain so until 1902 apart from a brief occupation by Britain in 1762, before being returned in exchange for Florida. Towards the end of the 19th century, Spain had lost most of its American possessions and a series of rebellions had shaken Cuba. This, in combined with calls for annexation of Cuba in the United States, led to the Spanish-American War, and in 1902 Cuba gained formal independence.
During the first decades of the 20th century, US interests were dominant and in Cuba, leading to large influence over the island. This ended in 1959 when de facto leader Fulgencio Batista was ousted by revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro. Quickly deteriorating relations with the US led to Cuba's alliance with the Soviet Union and Castro's transformation of Cuba into a declared socialist republic. Castro has remained in power since 1959, first as Prime Minister then from 1976 as President of Cuba.
Culture and traditions
The culture of Cuba reflects the island's influences from various different cultures, primarily European (Spanish) and African. This is evident in the direct and dynamic yet open and witty humorous idiosyncrasy of most Cubans. However, during the period of the republic (1901-1959) Cuban culture was also heavily influenced by USA. This was evident in music, sports, architecture, finances, among others. In some aspects many Cubans saw Cuban culture more closely related to American than Mexican or other neighboring Latin American nations. During the revolutionary period (1959-) as Cuba was surprisingly and abruptly declared a communist state; Cuba was internally isolated and exposed to a Russian presence. However, this presence only contributed to the dictatorial formation, nature, and structuring of the new Stalinist Cuban regime but left very little, if any, cultural contribution.Unarguably one of the most distinctive parts of Cuban culture is Cuban music and dancing, being well-known far outside the country. Well known Latin music styles such as mambo, salsa, rumba, cha,cha,cha, bolero, and son originated in Cuba. The origins of much of Cuban music can be found in the mix of Spanish and West African music, while American musical elements such as trombones and big band were also significant elements in the formation of Cuban music. Cuban literature includes some of the most well-known names of the islands, such as writer and independence hero José Martí in the late 19th century. More contemporary Cuban authors include Daína Chaviano, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, Antonio Orlando Rodríguez, Zoé Valdés and Leonardo Padura.
The Spanish language is spoken by virtually all Cubans on the island itself. Cuban Spanish is characterized by the reduction of several consonants, a feature that it shares with other dialects of Caribbean Spanish as well as the Canary Islands. Many Cuban-Americans, while remaining fluent in Spanish, use American English as one of their daily languages.
The influence of the Canary Islands
Many words in traditional Cuban Spanish can be traced to those of the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands. Many Canary Islanders emigrated to Cuba and had one of the largest parts in the formation of the Cuban dialect and accent. There are also many elements from other areas of Spain such as Andalucian, Galician, Asturian, Catalan, as well as some African influence. Cuban Spanish is very close to Canarian Spanish. Canarian emigration has been going on for centuries to Cuba, and were also very numerous in emigration of the 19th, and 20th centuries.Through cross emigration of Canarians and Cubans, many of the customs of Canarians have became Cuban traditions and vice versa. The music of Cuba has become part of the Canarian culture as well, such as mambo, salsa, son, and punto Cubano. Because of Cuban emigration to the Canary Islands, the dish "moros y cristianos", or simply known as "moros", can be found as one of the foods of the Canary Islands; especially the island of La Palma. Canary Islanders were the driving force in the cigar industry in Cuba, and were called "Vegueros." Many of the big cigar factories in Cuba were owned by Canary Islanders. After the Castro revolution, many Cubans and returning Canarians settled in the Canary islands, among them were many Cigar factory owners such as the Garcia family. The cigar business made its way to the Canary Islands from Cuba, and now the Canary Islands are one of the places that are known for cigars along side Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Honduras. The island of La Palma has the greatest Cuban influence out of all seven islands. Also, La Palma has the closest Canarian accent to the Cuban accent, due to the most Cuban emigration to that island.
Many of the typical Cuban replacements for standard Spanish vocabulary stem from Canarian lexicon. For example, guagua (bus) differs from standard Spanish autobús the former originated in the Canaries and is an onomatopoeia stemming from the sound of a Klaxon horn (wah-wah!). The term of endearment "socio" is from the Canary Islands. An example of Canarian usage for a Spanish word is the verb fajarse ("to fight"). In standard Spanish the verb would be pelearse, while fajar'' exists as a non-reflexive verb related to the hemming of a skirt. Cuban Spanish shows strong heritage to the Spanish of the Canary Islands.
Many names for food items come from the Canary Islands as well. The Cuban sauce mojo, is based on the mojos of the Canary Islands where the mojo was invented. Also, Canarian ropa vieja is the father to Cuban ropa vieja through Canarian emigration. Gofio is a Canarian food also known by Cubans, along with many other kinds.
Symbols
The flag of Cuba is red, white and blue and was first adopted by Narciso López on a suggestion by the poet Miguel Teurbe Tolón. The design incorporates three blue stripes, representing the three provinces of the time (Oriente, La Habana, and Pinar del Rio), and two white stripes symbolizing the purity of the patriotic cause. The red triangle stands for the blood shed to free the nation. The white star in the triangle stands for independence.
"Historia de la isla de Cuba " - Page 77 by Carlos Márquez Sterling, Manuel Márquez Sterling - History - 1975 - 392 pages
Narciso Lopez, Miguel Teurbe Tolón , José Aniceto Iznaga Borrell, his nephew José Maria Sánchez Iznaga, Cirilo Villaverde y Juan Manuel Macías, designed the flag of Cuba and swore to fight to the death for Cuban Independence from Spain.
See also
References
Category:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean
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