![Wohlauf ihr Gaeste [Erasmus Widmann 1572-1634]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110415035953im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Tw4x2toedr4/0.jpg "Wohlauf ihr Gaeste [Erasmus Widmann 1572-1634]")
![The Remuh Cemetery, also known as the old Jewish cemetery of Krakow (Cracow),[1] in Krakow, Poland, is a Jewish cemetery established in 1535. It is located beside the Remuh Synagogue at 40 Szeroka Street in the historic Kazimierz district of Krakow.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110415035953im_/http://cdn.wn.com/pd/86/8d/1d8e87c263d2d18a80a7d2ad537f_grande.jpg "The Remuh Cemetery, also known as the old Jewish cemetery of Krakow (Cracow),[1] in Krakow, Poland, is a Jewish cemetery established in 1535. It is located beside the Remuh Synagogue at 40 Szeroka Street in the historic Kazimierz district of Krakow.")
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| Name | Tycho Ottesen Brahe |
|---|---|
| Birth date | 14 December 1546 |
| Birth place | Knutstorp Castle, Scania |
| Death date | 24 October 1601 (aged 54) |
| Death place | Prague |
| Education | Private |
| Occupation | Nobleman, Astronomer |
| Fields | Astronomy, Cosmology |
| Religion | Lutheran |
| Spouse | Kirstine Barbara Jørgensdatter |
| Parents | Otte Brahe and Beate Bille |
| Children | 8 |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Signature | Tycho Brahe Signature.svg |
Tycho Brahe (14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601), born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, Tycho had earlier quarrelled with Parsbjerg at a wedding dance at professor Lucas Bacmeister's house on the 10th, and again on the 27th. The duel two days later (in the dark) resulted in Tycho losing the bridge of his nose. From this event Tycho became interested in medicine and alchemy. For the rest of his life, he was said to have worn a replacement made of silver and gold, using a paste to keep it attached. Some people, such as Fredric Ihren and Cecil Adams have suggested that the false nose also had copper. Ihren wrote that when Tycho's tomb was opened in 24 June 1901 green marks were found on his skull, suggesting copper. Cecil Adams also mentions a green colouring and that medical experts examined the remains. Soon after, his other uncle, Steen Bille, helped him build an observatory and alchemical laboratory at Herrevad Abbey.
Tycho considered astrology to be a subject of great importance. Tycho's success as a scientist also depended on his adroit political skills, to obtain patronage and funding for his work.
The crater Tycho on the Moon is named after him, as is the crater Tycho Brahe on Mars. The Tycho Brahe Planetarium in Copenhagen is also named after him.
HEAT1X-TYCHO BRAHE is the name of a manned private spacecraft to be launched by Copenhagen Suborbitals. Other things named after him include a bar in Zagreb and a ferry operating between Sweden and Denmark. Tycho Brahe is also the alias of one of the main characters of Penny Arcade.
* Category:1546 births Category:1601 deaths Category:16th-century astronomers Category:16th-century Latin-language writers Category:16th-century Danish people Category:16th-century German people Category:16th-century Czech people Category:16th-century Austrian people Category:Danish alchemists Category:Danish astrologers Category:Danish astronomers Category:Scientific instrument makers Category:Supernova discoverers Category:Danish Lutherans Category:Christian astrologers Category:Knights of the Elephant Category:University of Copenhagen alumni Category:University of Rostock alumni Category:University of Leipzig alumni Category:Danish expatriates in Germany Category:Danish expatriates in Austria Category:Expatriates in the Czech lands Category:Danish expatriates in the Czech lands Category:People from Copenhagen
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| Name | John Knox |
|---|---|
| Birth date | c. 1510 |
| Birth place | Near Haddington, East Lothian, Kingdom of Scotland |
| Death date | 24 November 1572 |
| Death place | Edinburgh, Kingdom of Scotland |
| Occupation | Pastor, author, reformer |
| Tradition movement | Reformed, Presbyterianism |
While in exile, Knox was licensed to work in the Church of England, where he quickly rose in the ranks to serve King Edward VI of England as a royal chaplain. In this position, he exerted a reforming influence on the text of the Book of Common Prayer. In England he met and married his first wife, Marjorie. When Mary Tudor ascended the throne and re-established Roman Catholicism, Knox was forced to resign his position and leave the country.
Knox first moved to Geneva and then to Frankfurt. In Geneva, he met John Calvin, from whom he gained experience and knowledge of Reformed theology and Presbyterian polity. He created a new order of service, which was eventually adopted by the reformed church in Scotland. He left Geneva to head the English refugee church in Frankfurt but he was forced to leave over differences concerning the liturgy, thus ending his association with the Church of England.
On his return to Scotland, he led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, in partnership with the Scottish Protestant nobility. The movement may be seen as a revolution, since it led to the ousting of Mary of Guise, who governed the country in the name of her young daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots. Knox helped write the new confession of faith and the ecclesiastical order for the newly created reformed church, the Kirk. He continued to serve as the religious leader of the Protestants throughout Mary's reign. In several interviews with the queen, Knox admonished her for supporting Catholic practices. Eventually, when she was imprisoned for her alleged role in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley, and James VI enthroned in her stead, he openly called for her execution. He continued to preach until his final days.
Knox was survived by his five children and his second wife.Nathaniel and Eleazar, his two sons by his first wife, attended Cambridge University, and died at a young age without issue. His second wife, Margaret, remarried to Andrew Ker, one of those involved in the murder of David Rizzio. Knox's three daughters also married: Martha to Alexander Fairlie; Margaret to Zachary Pont, son of Robert Pont and brother of Timothy Pont; and Elizabeth to John Welsh, a minister of the Kirk.
Knox’s death was barely noticed at the time. Although his funeral was attended by the nobles of Scotland, no major politician or diplomat mentioned his death in their letters that survive. Mary, Queen of Scots made only two brief references to him in her letters. What the rulers feared, however, were Knox’s ideas more than Knox himself.He was an eminent reformer and truly a man of God.He was seen to be a ruthless and successful revolutionary and it was this revolutionary philosophy that was believed to have a great impact on the English Puritans. Despite his strictness and dogmatism, he contributed to the struggle for genuine human freedom as he taught that people had the duty to fight against unjust government in order to bring about moral and spiritual change.
Knox was notable for the overthrow of Roman Catholicism in Scotland, and for assuring the replacement of the papal religion with Presbyterianism rather than Anglicanism. It was thanks to Knox that the Presbyterian polity was established. In that regard, Knox is considered the founder of the Presbyterian denomination whose members number millions worldwide.
Category:1510s births Category:1572 deaths Category:Calvinist ministers and theologians Category:Scottish theologians Category:Scottish clergy Category:16th-century Christian clergy Category:Scottish Calvinists Category:Protestant Reformers Category:Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow Category:People from Haddington Category:People from East Lothian Category:Burials in Scotland
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| Name | Saint Bartholomew the Apostle |
|---|---|
| Birth date | 1st century AD |
| Death date | 1st century AD |
| Feast day | August 24 (Western Christianity)June 11 (Eastern Christianity) |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchesOriental OrthodoxyAnglican CommunionLutheran Church |
| Caption | Saint Bartholomew (right) with Saint John, by Dosso Dossi |
| Birth place | Province of Iudaea (Palaestina) |
| Death place | Caucasic Albania. Flayed and then crucified |
| Titles | Apostle, Martyr |
| Attributes | Knife, His flayed skin |
| Patronage | Armenia; bookbinders; butchers; Florentine cheese and salt merchants; Gambatesa, Italy; Għargħur, Malta; leather workers; neurological diseases; plasterers; shoemakers; tanners; trappers; twitching; whiteners |
| Major shrine | Saint Bartholomew Monastery in historical Armenia, Relics at Saint Bartholomew-on-the-Tiber Church, Rome, the Canterbury Cathedral, cathedral in Frankfurt, and the San Bartolomeo Cathedral in Lipari |
Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, and is usually identified with Nathanael
Along with his fellow apostle Jude, Bartholomew is reputed to have brought Christianity to Armenia in the 1st century. Thus both saints are considered the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
He is said to have been martyred in Albanopolis in Armenia. According to one account, he was beheaded, but a more popular tradition holds that he was flayed alive and crucified, head downward. He is said to have converted Polymius, the king of Armenia, to Christianity. Astyages, Polymius' brother, consequently ordered Bartholemew's execution.
The people of Lipari celebrated his feast day annually. The tradition of the people was to take the solid silver and gold statue from inside the Cathedral of St Bartholomew and carry it through the town. On one occasion, when taking the statue down the hill towards the town, it suddenly got very heavy and had to be set down. When the men carrying the statue regained their strength they lifted it a second time. After another few seconds, it got even heavier. They set it down and attempted once more to pick it up. They managed to lift it but had to put it down one last time. Within seconds, walls further downhill collapsed. If the statue had been able to be lifted, all the townspeople would have been killed.
During World War II, the Fascist regime (German/Italian) looked for ways to finance their activities. The order was given to take the silver statue of St Bartholomew and melt it down. The statue was weighed, and it was found to be only a few grams. It was returned to its place in the Cathedral of Lipari. In reality, the statue is made from many kilograms of silver and it is considered a miracle that it was not melted down.
St Bartholomew is credited with many other miracles having to do with the weight of objects.
Christian tradition has three stories about Bartholomew's death: "One speaks of his being kidnapped, beaten unconscious, and cast into the sea to drown. Another account states that he was crucified upside down, and another says that he was skinned alive and beheaded in Albac or Albanopolis, near Bashkale, Armenia."
The account of Bartholomew being skinned alive is the most represented in works of art, and consequently Bartholomew is often shown with a large knife, holding his own skin (as in Michelangelo's Last Judgment), or both. Bartholomew is also the patron saint of tanners.
Bartholomew plays a part in Francis Bacon's Utopian tale New Atlantis, about a mythical isolated land Bensalem populated by a people dedicated to reason and natural philosophy. Some twenty years after the ascension of Christ the people of Bensalem found an ark floating off their shore. The ark contained a letter as well as the books of the Old and New Testaments. The letter was from Bartholomew the Apostle and declared that an angel told him to set the ark and its contents afloat. Thus the scientists of Bensalem received the revelation of the Word of God.
For a discussion of Baroque paintings of St. Bartholomew by the Spanish artist Ribera, see: Williamson, Mark A. "The Martyrdom Paintings of Jusepe de Ribera: Catharsis and Transformation", PhD Dissertation, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 2000 (available online at myspace.com/markwilliamson13732)
Category:Catholicoi of Armenia Category:Eastern Orthodox saints Category:Twelve apostles Category:Palestinian Roman Catholic saints Category:People executed by crucifixion Category:Saints from the Holy Land Category:Saints of the Golden Legend Category:1st-century Christian martyr saints Category:Anglican saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:Biblical apostles Category:Saints days
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| Name | Bronzino |
|---|---|
| Birthname | Agnolo di Cosimo |
| Birthdate | November 17, 1503 |
| Birthplace | Florence |
| Deathdate | November 23, 1572 |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Field | PaintingMannerist |
Category:1503 births Category:1572 deaths Category:People from Florence Category:Mannerist painters Category:Tuscan painters Category:Italian painters Category:Portrait artists
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![The Remuh Cemetery, also known as the old Jewish cemetery of Krakow (Cracow),[1] in Krakow, Poland, is a Jewish cemetery established in 1535. It is located beside the Remuh Synagogue at 40 Szeroka Street in the historic Kazimierz district of Krakow.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110415035953im_/http://cdn.wn.com/pd/86/8d/1d8e87c263d2d18a80a7d2ad537f_thumb.jpg "The Remuh Cemetery, also known as the old Jewish cemetery of Krakow (Cracow),[1] in Krakow, Poland, is a Jewish cemetery established in 1535. It is located beside the Remuh Synagogue at 40 Szeroka Street in the historic Kazimierz district of Krakow.")
