Native name	Dharwad ಧಾರವಾಡ/धारवाड
Type	city
Locator position	right
Skyline	Karnatak_college.JPG
Skyline caption	Karnatak Arts College
State name	Karnataka
District	Dharwad
Leader title	Mayor
Altitude	679
Area telephone	0836
Postal code	580 00x
Vehicle code range	KA 25
Website	http://dharwad.nic.in/
Footnotes	| }}

Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, () is a city in India's Karnataka state.

Dharwad is the administrative seat of the Dharwad District. The municipality of Hubli-Dharwad (resulting from a merger in 1961 with its twin city Hubli, 22 kilometers away) covers an area of 200.23 km². Dharwad is located 425 km northwest of Bangalore, on National Highway 4, the main highway between Bangalore and Pune in Maharashtra. The climate is mildly hot during the summer, wet during the monsoons and pleasant during winter.

The twin cities have a history behind them dating back to the Hoysala period. Dharwad is famous for its contributions to Indian culture, most notably to classical music and literature, and prestigious educational institutions, such as the Karnataka University. The ''Dharwad pedha'' - a milk-based sweetmeat - from this town is very popular.

Today, Dharwad is well-known as a quiet and pleasant city popular with students and pensioners. It continues to grow, with industries dotting both its northern and southern boundaries. In the years ahead, it promises to be a beehive of commercial activity. The location of the city on the NH4 makes it equidistant from 2 of the most industrialised centers in the country - Bangalore , the capital of Karnataka, and Pune the 2nd most industrialised city in Maharshtra.

Geography

Dharwad is situated on the edge of Western Ghats and hence is a hilly town. Spread over seven small hills at an average altitude of 750 meters above sea level, the city enjoys a salubrious climate amidst thick vegetation. Years ago, Dhwarwad was known for its lakes but several have now dried out. The lakes that still exist are Sadhankeri, Kelgeri (a man made lake created during British rule, almost 100 years old) and Nuggikeri. Dharwad sits at the cusp of two distinct geographical divisions - Malenaadu (hilly, forest land with red soil) and Belavalanaadu (Deccan plains with black soil).

Dharwad has plenty of green cover. Karnatak University's Botanical Garden is a sanctuary for many rare plants, trees and birds. Kelgeri and Nuggikeri are also homes for water birds.

History

The word "Dharwad" means a place of rest in a long travel or a small habitation. For centuries, Dharwad acted as a gateway between the Malenaadu (western mountains) and the Bayalu seeme (plains) and it became a resting place for travellers. The name is derived from the Sanskrit word 'dwarawata', 'dwara' meaning "door" and 'wata' or 'wada'meaning "town".

A different theory suggests that during the Vijayanagara rule of Dharwad there was a ruler by name "of Dharav" (1403), and Dharwad got its name from him. There are some inscriptions that refer to Dharwad as Kampana Sthana.

Inscriptions found near Durga Devi temple in Narendra (a nearby village) and RLS High School date back to the 12th century and have references to Dharwad. This makes Dharwad at least 900 years old. Also, there is an inscription at Hanuman Temple at Bokyapur lake near Garag (a village about 18 km from Dharwad).

The Chalukyas ruled Dharwad during the 12th century. A stone inscription indicates that there was a ruler by the name of BhaskaraDeva in 1117. In the 14th century, the district was first overrun by the Bahmani Sultanate, after which it was annexed to the newly established Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, an official of which named Dhar Rao, according to local tradition, built the fort at Dharwad town in 1403. After the defeat of the king of Vijayanagar at Talikot (1565), Dharwad was for a few years practically independent under its Hindu governor; but in 1573 the fort was captured by the sultan of Bijapur, Adil Shah, and Dharwad was annexed to his dominions. Adil Shah built a fort in an area later called MannaKille, and later Nazratabad. With this fort, the strategic importance of Dharwad increased and it thus attracted the attention of subsequent conquerors, including Aurangzeb, Shivaji, Aurangzeb's son Mu Azam, Peshwa Balaji Rao, Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and finally the British colonizers.

In 1685, the fort was taken by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and Dharwad, on the break-up of the Mughal empire, fell under the sway of the Maratha Peshwa of Pune. In 1764, the province was overrun by Hyder Ali of the Mysore, who in 1778 captured the fort of Dharwad. The fort was retaken in 1791 by the Marathas. After the final defeat of the Peshwa by the British in 1818, Dharwar was incorporated into the territory of the British East India Company's Bombay Presidency. During the early 19th century, when the British were expanding their domains, they faced a lot of opposition from local rulers, including Baba Saheb of Naragund and Kittur Rani Chennamma.

Dharwad was the home to the movement to unify Kannada speaking areas that eventually became Karnataka state.

Dharwad was peaceful for most of late 19th century. During those times, the British started an English medium school in Dharwad in 1848. Later, in 1863, the Basel Mission organization started another school. In 1867 the British opened another school, Varmal school, which later on became known as a training college. In 1883, the municipality area included Sidapur, Lakamanhalli, Haveri Pete, Bagtalan, Madihal, Galaganjikop, Malapur, Kamalapur, Narayanpur, Saptapur, Atti kolla and Hosayellapur. The British government also established a railway station in 1888.

The town had a station on the Southern Maratha railway. By 1901, the town had a population of 31,279 and was home to several cotton gina, a cotton mill, and two high schools, one maintained by the government and the other by the Basel German Mission.

After India's independence in 1947, the Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as India's Bombay State. In 1956 the southern, Kannada-speaking districts of Bombay State, including Dharwad, were added to Mysore and renamed Karnataka in 1972. Dharwad is home to the Karnataka University and the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) as well as numerous other colleges.

In 1941, Dharwad had a population of 47,992. In 1961, the town merged with the adjacent town of Hubli to become a single municipality, Hubli-Dharwad. The population of the twin cities is the second-largest in Karnataka, after Bangalore. Hubli-Dharwad's population increased 22.99% between 1981 and 1991, from 527,108 to 648,298, and by 21.2% between 1991 and 2001. In the year 2008, a Circuit bench of the High Court of Karnataka was established in Dharwad.

Culture

The Dharwad region has contributed some of the greatest exponents of Hindustani classical music including Sawai Gandharva, Mallikarjun Mansur, Bhimsen Joshi , Basavaraj Rajaguru, Kumar Gandharva and Gangubai Hangal.

Dharwad is an unlikely outpost of the Kirana Gharana. Ustad Abdul Karim Khan was a frequent visitor to Mysore Darbar, where he had been conferred the title of Sangeet Ratna. On the way to Mysore, he used to stay with his brother in Dharwad, where he taught his most famous disciple, Sawai Gandharva. Sawai Gandharva in turn was the guru to Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi and Basavaraj Rajaguru.

Jnanpith Award winners D.R. Bendre, V. K. Gokak and Girish Karnad trace their origins to Dharwad. Kannada writer and critic, Kirtinath Kurtakoti winner of the Sahitya Akademi award, also lived in Dharwad for a large part of his life. One of the greatest Marathi writers, Sahitya Akademi Award winner G. A. Kulkarni also lived most of his life here in Dharwad. Leena Chandavarkar, a well-known Hindi/Marathi film actress and wife of late Kishore Kumar, belongs to this town and recently sold her property in Dharwad near the Railway Station to a religious community. Noted film maker and environmentalist Suresh Heblikar, who won a National Award for his contribution to cinema also belongs to Dharwad. The eminent political scientist, Dr. R T Jangam, made Dharwad his home for over 40 years till his demise in 2005.

The recipient of President's National Award for teachers, Sri S G Nadgir, also known as the father of innovative education for NTSE coaching, was the Headmaster of K.E Board's High School, Dharwad.

Nandan Nilekani, the former Co-Chairman of Infosys moved in with his uncle's family in Dharwad for his education and was a student of St Joseph's High School.

Dharwad has produced eminent legal luminaries like Narayanarao Karagudri, Sanglad J., Bannurmath J., A.C.Kabbin J., Mohan Shantangoudar J., Ashok Hinchigeri J., Subhash Adi J., and lawyers like Late Shri Hiregoudar, C.B Patil, B.L. Patil, Sharat.S. Javali (Supreme Court), Mohan Katarki (lawyer for Karnataka in the Cauvery Water Dispute).

Uma Shashikant, eminent Investment Advisor and Sucheta Dalal,the Mumbai based financial journalist, who exposed the Harshad Mehta scandal also studied in Dharwad. P. B. Mahishi, T M Shivkumar, Ganapati Bhatt, Manish Desai and K Nandini have distinguished themselves in Civil Service. Lucy D'Abreu (oldest Briton ever) was also born in Dharwad.

Dharwad is also the birthplace of Palwankar Baloo, the first member of the Dalit (or "Untouchable") caste to distinguish himself at cricket, and later to become a political activist for Dalit rights.

There are many spiritual personalities associated with this laid-back town. Some of them are Shishunal Sharif Saheb, Siddharoodha Swamigalu, Kumara Swamiji, Hurakadli Ajja, Mrityunjaya Appagalu, Mahanta Appagalu, and Garag Madiwaleshwara.

The Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha was founded in Dharwad. Dharwad is also the cultural capital of North Karnataka.

Education

Dharwad has been a renowned centre of learning, with many famous high schools, colleges and universities. These include:

Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences

Anjuman College Of Arts Science and Comerce

Anjuman College Of Business Information Science and Management

University College of Law

Karnatak University

University College of Agricultural Sciences

Hurakadli Ajja Law College

KPES English Medium School

KPES Law College

Vidyaranya School and College

Training College for Men

JSS Banashankari Arts, Commerce & S.K.Gubbi Science College

Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharwad

University public school, Dharwad

Karnataka High School, Fort, Dharwad

K.E.Boards High School, Dharwad, Malamaddi

International Institute for Advanced Studies

Kittle College

C.S.I. College of Commerce and BCA

Kousali Institute of Management Studies

Basel Mission English Medium High School

University College of Law

Pavan English Medium High School,Dharwad

Presentation Girls High School, Dharwad

St Joseph's High School

R.L.S

University of Agricultural Sciences

SDM College of Engineering and Technology

Dakshina Bharata Hindi Prachar Sabha

SDM college of Dental Sciences

Siddarameshwara margadarshi B.Ed. college

SDM college of Medical sciences

Sai Institute of Fashion Technology (SIFT)

Nettur Technical Training Foundation (NTTF)

Kirana Sangeet Academy, Hosayellapur, Dharwad (music school)

Baala Balaga Srujanasheela Shikshana Pratisthana

Srujana Lalit Kala Maha Vidyala

D. V. Halbhavi School Of Art

Sathya Sai College of Homeopathy

B.D. Jatti Homeopathic College

These institutions of learning have established themselves as reputed places of learning and have contributed many famous personalities.

Agriculture

Dharwad cultivates a variety of food products. The Dharwad Cotton Hybrid (DCH), a popular variety of cotton a few years back, was basically invented in University of Agricultural Sciences. In addition to this, Dharwad produces varieties of channa, kardi, soya and groundnut seeds. Also, farmers grow sugarcane, paddy, jowar, wheat, green gram, bengal gram, munge and many other food products. Dharwad Alphonso mangoes and Navalur gauvas are also produced.

References

External links

about Dharwad city

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

Karnatak University, Dharwad

Web site of Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation

Know more about Dharwad city

Information about STPI & other Technology parks(IT Parks)

SDM College of Engineering and Technology

Dharwad as a Gateway of Learning Article by Dharwadi Jyotsna Kamat

Category:Cities and towns in Dharwad district

ca:Dharwar it:Dharwad kn:ಧಾರವಾಡ ml:ധാര്‍വാഡ് nl:Dharwad pam:Dharwad ru:Дхарвад ta:தார்வாட் zh:达尔瓦德

Name	Gangubai Hangal
Background	solo_singer
Born	March 05, 1913
Died	July 21, 2009Hubli, Karnataka, India
Origin	Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Genre	Hindustani classical music
Occupation	singer
Years active	1931–2006
Website	}}

Gangubai Hangal () (5 March 1913 – 21 July 2009) was an Indian singer of the ''khyal'' genre of Hindustani classical music, who was known for her deep and powerful voice. Hangal belonged to the Kirana gharana.

Early life

Gangubai Hangal was born in Dharwad to Chikkurao Nadiger, an agriculturist and Ambabai, a vocalist of Carnatic music. Hangal received only elementary education and her family shifted to Hubli in 1928. She began to train formally aged 13 at the music school of Krishna Acharya, studying Hindustani classical music instead of Carnatic music. She also learned from Dattopant Desai before studying under Sawai Gandharva, a respected guru. Hangal could only study sporadically under Gandharva when he returned to his home, but she received an intensive training of three years after he relocated permanently to Hubli.

Musical career

Hangal's family was considered to be of low social status and for women of her generation singing was not considered appropriate employment; Hangal struggled against this prejudice and made a career. She performed all over India and for All India Radio stations until 1945. Hangal had initially performed light classical genres, including ''bhajan'' and ''thumri'', but concentrated on ''khyal''. Later, however, she refused to sing light classical, saying she sang only ragas. Hangal served as honorary music professor of the Karnatak University. She gave her last concert in March 2006 to mark her 75th career year. She had overcome bone marrow cancer in 2003, and died of cardiac arrest at the age of 96, on 21 July 2009, in Hubli, where she resided. She had her eyes donated to increase awareness for organ donation.

Personal life

Hangal married at age 16 to Gururao Kaulgi, a Brahmin lawyer. They had two sons, Narayan Rao and Babu Rao, and one daughter, Krishna, who died from cancer in 2004, aged 75.

Awards and honors

Gangubai Hangal received a number of awards, which include: Karnataka Sangeet Nritya Academy Award, 1962 Padma Bhushan, 1971 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1973 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, 1996 Padma Vibhushan, 2002

The Karnataka state government declared two days of mourning for Hangal. A state funeral was announced for 22 July in Hubli by the district commissioner of the Dharwad district.

Further reading

''Nanna Badukina Haadu'' (''The Song of My Life''), as told to Mr. N.K.Kulkarni, translated into English by G. N. Hangal, published by Sayitya Prakashan, Hubli.

References

External links

''Gangubai Hangal'' Detailed Biography

Gangubai Hangal feted on her 94th birthday

Gangubai Hangal auf culturebase.net

Category:1913 births Category:2009 deaths Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in India Category:Hindustani singers Category:Kannada people Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan Category:People from Dharwad Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship

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