company name	Bertelsmann Martell Goris
company logo
fate	Assets sold to Sony Corporation of America
successor	Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Publishing Group, BMG Rights Management
foundation	1987
defunct	October 1, 2008
location	Gütersloh, Germany
homepage	}}

Bertelsmann Music Group, (BMG), was a division of Bertelsmann before its completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Japan's Sony Corporation of America on October 1, 2008. It was established in 1987 to combine the music label activities of Bertelsmann. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher, and the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music Entertainment, Sony BMG Music Entertainment (Sony BMG).

The joint venture with Sony Music was set up in August 2004. It reduced the Big Five record companies to the Big Four record companies. At that time, the company had a 21.5% share in the global music market. Sony Music and BMG remained separate in Japan, although BMG Music Japan was wholly owned by Sony BMG.

On March 27, 2006, the New York Times reported that Bertelsmann was looking to raise money by leveraging some of its media assets, and that executives from both companies were in talks about possibly altering the current venture. Bertelsmann sold its 50% share of Sony BMG to Sony Corporation of America for a total of $1.5 billion, and the company was renamed back to Sony Music Entertainment Inc.

While officially withdrawing from the business of recorded music, Bertelsmann continued its strong presence in other areas of the music industry by establishing BMG Rights Management, which specializes in music rights management and by representing artists and authors. It is focused mainly in BMG's European stronghold markets. The basis of the company was formed through BMG's decision to withhold selected European music catalogues from the former Sony BMG joint venture and the BMG Publishing businesses.

Also kept separate from the acquisition by Sony Corporation of America was Sony BMG's wholly owned and operated BMG Japan. Sony Music Japan remained independent from the Sony BMG joint venture, therefore BMG and Sony labelling were kept separate in Japan under the venture. During Sony BMG's buyout, BMG Japan was instead picked up by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It briefly continued to operate as a distinct entity until a reorganization in early 2009 folded the company into Sony Music Japan.

Executive Management Bertelsmann Music Group, BMG

Office of the Chairman

Rolf Schmidt-Holtz, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Member of the Board, Bertelsmann AG CEO

Michael Smellie, Chief Operating Officer COO

Tim Prescott, Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer CMO

Joe Gorman, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer CFO

Patrick Reilly, Vice President, Corporate Communications

Ira Sallen, Senior Vice President, Human Resources

Company Leaders

Tim Bowen, Chairman, UK and Ireland, Australia/New Zealand/South Africa

Clive Davis, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, BMG North America CEO

Nicholas Firth, Chairman, BMG Music Publishing Worldwide, Chairman, BMG Classics, Executive Vice President, Corporate Operations

Joe Galante, Chairman, RCA Label Group - Nashville

Charles Goldstuck, President and Chief Operating Officer, BMG North America COO

Jordan Katz, Executive Vice President and General Manager, BMG Distribution

Maarten Steinkamp, President, BMG International and Germany/Switzerland/Austria

Hidehiko Tashiro, President and Chief Executive Officer, BMG Japan CEO

Barry Weiss, President and Chief Executive Officer, Zomba Label Group CEO

Subsidiaries

Now part of Sony Music Entertainment after the buyout of Bertelsmann AG's 50% stake in Sony BMG.

RCA Music Group

*RCA Records

*Arista Records

*J Records

**Full Surface Records

**US Records

Arista Nashville

RCA Nashville

BNA Records

BMG Kidz

Zomba Music Group

*Battery Records

*Epidemic Records

*LaFace Records

*Jive Records

*Music for Nations Records

*Pinnacle Records

*Scotti Brothers Records

*Silvertone Records

*Verity Records

*Volcano Entertainment

*X-Cell Records

BMG Music Publishing

BMG Music Publishing, which was not part of the Sony BMG merger, was a business of the Bertelsmann Music Group until it was sold to Universal Music Group for €1.63 billion in 2007. Universal then folded the company into Universal Music Publishing Group, and the BMG name was retired. The company was headquartered at 245 Fifth Avenue, 8th Floor New York, New York 10016 and had operations in 36 offices in 25 countries.

Artists

BMG Music publishing controlled over one million copyrights. Writers/artists signed to the company included Jaguares, Diana Yukawa, Alcazar, Gloria Trevi, Angélica María, Dido, Avril Lavigne, Lee Ryan, Ai Uemura, Coldplay, The Troubadours, Shakira, Powderfinger, Nelly, Britney Spears, Rammstein, Modern Talking, R. Kelly, Shania Twain, Nikki Webster, Ville Valo, Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson, Clannad, Linkin Park, Maroon5, Backyard Babies, Hipster Daddy-O and the Handgrenades, Keane, HARD-Fi, Justin Timberlake, Joss Stone, Elvis Costello, Paul Weller, Sara Evans, Ne-Yo, Chad Hugo, Westlife and The Wanted

The company's songwriters have written chart-topping hits for Mariah Carey, The Black Eyed Peas, Kenny Chesney, The Game, Mario, Rascal Flatts, No Doubt, Thomas Anders, Jessica Simpson and 50 Cent as well as legends like Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra and Roselyn Sánchez.

BMG Music Publishing was the global leader in Classical music and was number one in Contemporary Christian music.

Catalogues owned

Through international subpublishing deals, BMG Music Publishing represents the catalogues of Famous Music Publishing, Walt Disney, Leiber & Stoller, Pete Waterman, and Malaco Records in various territories.

Brentwood-Benson Music Publishing is BMG Music Publishing's Christian publisher and owns over 60,000 copyrights.

BMG Music Publishing and its assets have now been completely absorbed and folded into Universal Music Publishing Group.

BMG Rights Management

BMG Rights Management now serves as a division within Bertelsmann and as a replacement to the defunct Bertelsmann Music Group. Therefore, there is a continuity of the BMG brand with this Bertelsmann division in music rights management.

See also

List of record labels

Sony BMG Music Entertainment

RCA/Jive Label Group

References

External links

BMG Rights Management site

Official Bertelsmann site

Category:Defunct record labels Category:German record labels Category:Bertelsmann Category:Record labels established in 1987 Category:Defunct companies based in New York City Category:Companies disestablished in 2008

de:BMG Music Publishing fr:BMG Entertainment it:BMG Ricordi ja:BMG pl:BMG pt:BMG fi:BMG tr:BMG zh:BMG

birth date	November 22, 1967
birth place	Kenosha, WI, U.S.
birth name	Mark Alan Ruffalo
occupation	Actor, director, producer, screenwriter, Bovine
years active	1989–present
spouse	Sunrise Coigney (2000–present)
website	}}

Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He has starred in films such as ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'', ''Zodiac,'' ''Shutter Island'', ''Just Like Heaven'', ''You Can Count on Me'' and ''The Kids Are All Right'' for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Early life

Ruffalo was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He is the son of Marie Rose (née Hebert), a hairdresser and stylist, and Frank Lawrence Ruffalo, Jr., who worked as a construction painter. His father and maternal grandmother were of Italian descent, and his maternal grandfather was of French Canadian ancestry. He has two sisters, Tania and Nicole, and a brother, Scott, who died in December 2008. Ruffalo has described himself as having been a "happy kid" and his upbringing as taking place in a "very big Italian family with lots of love". Of his father, Ruffalo has said, "He was an amazing, charismatic guy who was city high school wrestling champion three times. He was away a lot when I was growing up. I was very lonely for him.” Ruffalo was raised Roman Catholic; he attended both a Catholic and a progressive school, and was raised around the local Bahá'í community, of which his father was a member. Ruffalo spent his teen years in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where his father worked. He graduated from First Colonial High School, and then moved with his family to San Diego, California, and later to Los Angeles, California. There, he took classes at the Stella Adler Conservatory and co-founded the Orpheus Theatre Company. With the OTC, he wrote, directed, and starred in a number of plays, and spent the next nine years earning his money as a bartender.

Career

Acting

Ruffalo had minor roles in films like ''The Dentist'' (1996), the low-key crime comedy ''Safe Men'' (1998) and Ang Lee's Civil War Western ''Ride with the Devil'' (1999). Through a chance meeting with writer Kenneth Lonergan, Ruffalo began collaborating with Lonergan and appeared in several of his plays, including the original cast of ''This is Our Youth'' (1998), which led to Ruffalo's role as Laura Linney's troubled, aimless drifter brother Terry in Lonergan's acclaimed, Academy Award-nominated 2000 film ''You Can Count on Me''. He received favorable reviews for his performance in this film, often earning comparisons to the young Marlon Brando, and won awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and Montreal World Film Festival.

This led to other significant roles, including the films ''XX/XY'' (2002), Isabel Coixet's ''My Life Without Me'' with Sarah Polley (2003), Jane Campion's ''In the Cut'' with Meg Ryan (2003), Michel Gondry's ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'' (2004), and ''We Don't Live Here Anymore'' (2004), which is based upon two short stories written by Andre Dubus. He appeared opposite Tom Cruise as a narcotics detective in Michael Mann's acclaimed crime-thriller ''Collateral'' (2004). More recently, Ruffalo has appeared as a romantic lead in "chick flicks" such as ''View From the Top'' (2002), ''13 Going on 30'' (2004), ''Just Like Heaven'' (2005) and ''Rumor Has It'' (2005). In 2006, Ruffalo starred in Clifford Odets's ''Awake and Sing!'' at the Belasco Theatre in New York, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. In March 2007, he appeared in ''Zodiac'' as SFPD homicide inspector Dave Toschi, who ran the investigation to find and apprehend the Zodiac killer from 1969 through most of the 1970s. In 2007, Ruffalo played divorced lawyer Dwight Arno, who accidentally kills a child and speeds away, in Terry George's film ''Reservation Road'', based on the novel by John Burnham Schwartz.

In 2008, Ruffalo starred as a con man in ''The Brothers Bloom'' with Adrien Brody and Rachel Weisz. Also in 2008, he starred along with Julianne Moore in ''Blindness''. 2008 also saw Ruffalo in Brian Goodman's ''What Doesn't Kill You'' with Ethan Hawke and Amanda Peet, which was shown at the Toronto Film Festival. In 2009, he played a brief role in the film ''Where The Wild Things Are'' as Max's mother's boyfriend. In 2010, he costarred in the Martin Scorsese thriller ''Shutter Island'' as U.S. Marshal Chuck Aule, the partner of Leonardo DiCaprio's character Teddy Daniels.

In 2010, he starred in Lisa Cholodenko's ''The Kids Are All Right'', with Annette Bening and Julianne Moore. Ruffalo stated in an interview that he approached Cholodenko after watching ''High Art'' and said he would love to work with her. Years later, she called Ruffalo and said she wrote a script, and had him in mind for the part. The performance earned him an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor.

He is set to star in ''Second Coming'', a low-budget indie film. According to Production Weekly, it is being produced by Richard N. Gladstein, Laura Bickford, and Ludovic Dardenay. The movie will also star Marion Cotillard, Ethan Hawke, Anjelica Huston, and Thandie Newton, and it will be the directorial debut of Nenad Cicin-Sain.

On July 23, 2010, it was announced that Ruffalo will join actors Chris Evans, Robert Downey, Jr., and Chris Hemsworth, among others, in the 2012 movie ''The Avengers'', in which he will play Bruce Banner.

Directing

He made his directorial debut with ''Sympathy for Delicious'', which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and won the Special Jury Prize. On releasing the film, Ruffalo said, "I'm still looking for distribution. I have a couple offers on the table, but I'm holding out for something a little bigger. I've been screening it for a lot of groups, and people are really responding to it. I think they're scared of that movie." Of directing, he says, "I liken it to an actor gets to eat one slice, and a director gets to eat the whole pie. [laughs] You get to collaborate with gifted people who are good at their craft, so you're orchestrating all these different mediums. You're helping people through the script to realize their own talents. I find that really satisfying, and I felt like being in front of the camera is so intense and self-involved and personal, and directing isn't like that for me. It's a much more communal experience. Last year at this time, I was like, 'I'm not going back to acting, man. No way, it's done.' I haven't worked in a year. It's really taken me that long to get back to my love for what I do for acting. I would like to do 50-50, if I could. Really, I'd just be directing right now, but I can't support my family doing that at this moment, and I love acting. It's not a bad position to be in."

Personal life

Ruffalo is vegetarian.

Family

Since June 2000, Mark has been married to French-American actress Sunrise Coigney (born Christina Sunrise Coigney on September 17, 1972 in San Francisco), and they have three children: a son Keen, born in 2001, and daughters Bella Noche, born in 2005, and Odette, born in 2007, in Los Angeles, California.

Brother's death

On December 1, 2008, Ruffalo's brother, Scott, was shot at his Beverly Hills condominium, with one report describing the shooting as "execution-style" in the back of the head. Scott died on December 8, 2008. Police took two people into custody: a woman who is considered a suspect and a man considered a "person of interest". One of the suspects reportedly told police that Scott Ruffalo shot himself while playing Russian roulette; the witnesses were later released as the police investigation continued.

Health problems

In 2002, Ruffalo was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma, a type of brain tumor, and had surgery; the tumor was benign, but resulted in a period of partial facial paralysis. He fully recovered from the paralysis and returned to good health as well as an active life and movie career.

Political views

On October 4, 2006, he appeared on ''Democracy Now!'', a daily news program. He spoke against the War in Iraq, the Military Commissions Act of 2006, torture, and the Bush Administration. He also announced he would speak at The World Can't Wait Protest in New York City on October 5, 2006. Ruffalo contributed to the campaign of former Alaska Senator Mike Gravel for the 2008 Democratic Party nomination for President.

In October 2007, Ruffalo criticized the 9/11 Commission Report as "completely illegitimate" and called for re-opening the investigation. He said: "I saw the way they all came down and I am baffled. My first reaction is that buildings don't fall down like that." He also criticized the 9/11 truth movement, saying "There's so much information that's been put out there by truth for 9/11 and ... so much of it has been stretched that a lot of people are grabbing hold of the more sensational parts of what doesn't jibe..."

On October 4, 2010, Ruffalo, who makes his home with his family in Callicoon, New York, appeared on ''The Rachel Maddow Show'' to discuss hydraulic fracturing and the The FRAC Act of 2009. Ruffalo stated in the December 2010 issue of GQ magazine that after he organized screenings in Pennsylvania of a documentary about natural-gas-drilling called ''Gasland'', he was placed on a terror advisory list. The Department denied that they had him on a list.

On July 13, 2011, Ruffalo appeared on Countdown With Keith Olbermann to discuss fracking, most particularly in New York. "This is an industry that is the dirtiest, slimiest, most arrogant, and negligent that you can imagine," Ruffalo says. Mr. Ruffalo taped an "online segment extra" for Countdown, during which time Keith Olbermann offered him the opportunity to become an official Countdown Contributor. Mr. Ruffalo gratefully accepted.

Filmography

+Film and television	! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1994	''Due South''	Vinnie Webber	TV Series: 1 Episode
	''''	Brent Benedict
''''	Steve Landers
1997	''On the 2nd Day of Christmas''	Bert
	''Safe Men''	Frank
	Ricko
1999		Alf Bowden
	''You Can Count on Me''	Terry Prescott	Los Angeles Film Critics Association – New Generation AwardMontreal World Film Festival Award for Best ActorNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Breakthrough PerformerNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Chlotrudis Award for Best ActorNominated—Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Independent Spirit Award for Best Male LeadNominated—Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
	T-Bo
	Zane Marinelli	TV Series: 8 Episodes
	''''	Yates
''Life/Drawing'' (AKA ''Apartment 12'')	Alex
	''XX/XY''	Coles
''Windtalkers''	Private Pappas
	''My Life Without Me''	Lee	Nominated—Chlotrudis Award for Best Supporting Actor
''View from the Top''	Ted Stewart
''In the Cut''	Detective Giovanni A. Malloy
	''We Don't Live Here Anymore''	Jack Linden	Also Executive Producer
''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind''	Stan
''13 Going on 30''	Matt Flamhaff	Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – ComedyNominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie ChemistryNominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Liplock
	Fanning
		David Abbott
	Jeff Daly
2006		Adam Stanton
''Reservation Road''	Dwight Arno
		Doctor
''What Doesn't Kill You''	Brian Reilly	Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
	''''	Stephen	Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
	Connie's Boyfriend
''Sympathy for Delicious''	Joe
		Chuck Aule
''Date Night''	Brad Sullivan
''''	Paul	New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting ActorComedy Film Awards	Comedy Film Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting RoleNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting MaleNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting RoleNominated—Washington DC Area Film Critics Association>Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Ensemble
2011		Jason Berstone
2012	''''

References

External links

People in Film: Mark Ruffalo at Focus Features

Clips from Ruffalo interview on Inside the Actors Studio

Mark Ruffalo Producer Profile for The 1 Second Film

Category:1967 births Category:Actors from Wisconsin Category:American film actors Category:American people of French-Canadian descent Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American Roman Catholics Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:People from Kenosha, Wisconsin Category:People from Virginia Beach, Virginia

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Name	Yngwie Malmsteen
Background	solo_singer
Alias	Yngwie J. MalmsteenLars Y. Loudamp
Birth name	Lars Johan Yngve Lannerbäck
Born	June 30, 1963Stockholm, Sweden
Instrument	Guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals, sitar, cello
Genre	Heavy metal, neo-classical metal, speed metal, hard rock, power metal
Occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
Years active	1978–present
Label	Polydor, Polygram, Elektra, Rising Force Records, Universal Music
Associated acts	Steeler, Alcatrazz, Rising Force, Hear 'n Aid, G3
Website	Official website
Notable instruments	Yngwie Malmsteen Signature Stratocaster }}

Yngwie Johann Malmsteen ( ; born June 30, 1963) is a Swedish virtuoso guitarist, composer, multi-instrumentalist and bandleader. Malmsteen became known for his neo-classical playing approach in heavy metal music which became a new musical style in the early 1980s. He is considered by many to be one of the most technically gifted rock guitarists of all time and a pioneer of shred guitar.

Early life

Malmsteen was born Lars Johan Yngve Lannerbäck in Stockholm, Sweden, as the third child of a musically-inclined family. At age seven, he saw a television news report on the death of Jimi Hendrix, an event which had a profound impact on his musical path. Malmsteen has later stated that Hendrix had no musical impact on him, but on September 18, 1970 he saw a TV special of Hendrix, where he smashed and burned his guitar, and Malmsteen thought: "this is really cool". To quote his official website, "The day Jimi Hendrix died, the guitar-playing Yngwie was born". At the age of 10 he took his mother's maiden name Malmsten as his surname, slightly changed it to Malmsteen, and Anglicised his given name Yngve to "Yngwie". Yngwie also created his first band "Track On Earth" at the age of 10, consisting of himself and a friend from school on drums (Armin). Malmsteen was a teenager when he first encountered the music of the 19th century violin virtuoso Niccolò Paganini, whom he cites as his biggest classical music influence. Ritchie Blackmore and Uli Jon Roth are also cited as being significant influences, as is Brian May of Queen. He played featuring Denim And Leather song with Saxon during The Eagle Has Landed part II tour.

Recording career

1980s

In late 1982, Mike Varney of Shrapnel Records, who had heard a demo tape of Malmsteen's playing, brought Malmsteen to the U.S. He had brief engagements with Steeler, for their self-titled album of 1983, then Graham Bonnet's Alcatrazz, for their 1983 debut ''No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll'', and the 1984 live album ''Live Sentence''. Malmsteen released his first solo album ''Rising Force'' in 1984, which featured Barrie Barlow of Jethro Tull on drums. His album was really meant to be an instrumental side-project of Alcatrazz, but it contained vocals, and Malmsteen left Alcatrazz soon after the release of ''Rising Force''.

''Rising Force'' won the Guitar Player Magazine's award for Best Rock Album and was also nominated for a Grammy for 'Best Rock Instrumental', achieving #60 on the Billboard album chart. Yngwie J. Malmsteen's Rising Force (as his band was thereafter known) next released ''Marching Out'' (1985). Jeff Scott Soto filled vocal duties on these initial albums. His third album, ''Trilogy'', featuring the vocals of Mark Boals, was released in 1986. In 1987, another singer, former Rainbow vocalist Joe Lynn Turner joined his band. That year, Malmsteen was in a serious car accident, smashing his Jaguar E-Type into a tree and putting him in a coma for a week. Nerve damage to his right hand was reported. During his time in the hospital, Malmsteen's mother died from cancer. In the summer of 1988 he released his fourth album, ''Odyssey''. Odyssey would be his biggest hit album, mainly because of its first single "Heaven Tonight". Shows in Russia during the Odyssey tour were recorded, and released in 1989 as his fifth album ''Trial By Fire: Live in Leningrad''.

Malmsteen's "Neo-classical" style of metal became popular among some guitarists during the mid 1980s, with contemporaries such as Jason Becker, Paul Gilbert, Marty Friedman, Tony MacAlpine and Vinnie Moore becoming prominent. In late 1988, Malmsteen's signature Fender Stratocaster guitar was released, making him and Eric Clapton the first artists to be honored by Fender.

1990s

In the early 1990s, Malmsteen released the albums ''Eclipse'' (1990), ''The Yngwie Malmsteen Collection'' (1991), ''Fire and Ice'' (1992) and ''The Seventh Sign'' (1994). Despite his early success, and continuous success in Europe and Asia, by the early 1990s 1980s heavy metal styles such as neoclassical metal and lengthy, virtuoso shred guitar solos had become unfashionable in the US.

In 1993, Malmsteen's future mother-in-law, opposed to his engagement to her daughter, had him falsely arrested for holding the woman hostage with a gun. The charges were quickly dropped. Malmsteen continued to record and release albums under the Japanese record label Pony Canyon, and maintained a devoted following from some fans in Europe and Japan, and to a lesser extent in the USA. In 2000, he once again acquired a contract with a US record label, Spitfire, and released his 1990s catalog into the US market for the first time, including what he regards as his masterpiece, ''Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra'', recorded with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra in Prague.

In the mid 1990's Malmsteen went on to release the albums Magnum Opus (1995), Inspiration (1996) Facing the Animal (1997), Double LIVE! (1998) and Alchemy (1999). In 1996, Malmsteen joined forces with former band members Jeff Scott Soto and Marcel Jacob on the Human Clay album where he played lead guitar on the track Jealousy

2000s

After the release of ''War to End All Wars'' in 2000, singer Mark Boals left the band. He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Doogie White. White's vocals were well received by fans. In 2003, Malmsteen joined Joe Satriani and Steve Vai as part of the G3 supergroup. Malmsteen made two guest appearances on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's albums ''Black Utopia'' (2003), and ''Blood of the Snake'' (2006) where Malmsteen is heard on the same tracks as Al Di Meola and Zakk Wylde. In 2004, Malmsteen made two cameo appearances on Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law.

Malmsteen released ''Unleash the Fury'' in 2005. (This title may be a reference to an audio recording that supposedly captured Malmsteen's immoderate response to a flight attendant who spilled a beverage on him. The recording found popularity in filesharing networks as an example of the absurd behavior of celebrities.) He is married to April (Ebru Solmaz, born in Istanbul, Turkey) and has a son named Antonio after Antonio Vivaldi, and they live in Miami, Florida. A noted Ferrari enthusiast, Malmsteen owned a black 1985 308 GTS for 18 years before selling it on eBay, and a red 1962 250 GTO. In 2007, Malmsteen was honored in the Xbox 360 version of ''Guitar Hero II''. Players can receive the "Yngwie Malmsteen" award by hitting 1000 or more notes in succession. February 2008 saw the replacement of singer Doogie White with former Iced Earth and Judas Priest and current Beyond Fear singer Tim "Ripper" Owens, with whom Malmsteen had once recorded a cover of Ozzy Osbourne's song "Mr. Crowley", for the 2000 Osbourne tribute album ''Bat Head Soup: A Tribute to Ozzy''. The first Malmsteen album to feature Owens is titled Perpetual Flame and was released on October 14. On November 25, 2008, Malmsteen had three of his songs ("Caprici Di Diablo", "Damnation Game", and "Red Devil") released as downloadable content for the video games ''Rock Band'' and ''Rock Band 2''. In 2008 Malmsteen was a special guest on the VH1 Classic show "That Metal Show". In the 10th of March 2009, Malmsteen's label Rising Force has launched his new release Angels of Love, an instrumental album which features acoustic arrangements of some of his best-known ballads.

In August 2009, ''Time'' magazine named Malmsteen #9 on its list of the 10 best electric guitar players of all-time. Malmsteen recently released another album compilation entitled High Impact on December 8, 2009.

2010s

On November 23, 2010 ''Relentless'' was released, the second album to feature Tim "Ripper" Owens on vocals. The US version features a remake of "Arpeggios From Hell" as a bonus track. Yngwie appeared on Late Night With Jimmy Fallon along with Dana Carvey on February 3, 2011 to promote his album.

Technique and style

Malmsteen is known for his technical fluency and neo-classical metal compositions, often incorporating high speed picking and sweep picked arpeggios with harmonic minor and phrygian scales, and diminished arpeggios. He is often considered one of the most talented rock guitarists of all time and is considered to be a pioneer of shred guitar.

Musical equipment

Malmsteen has been a longtime user of Fender Stratocasters. His most famous Stratocaster is his 1972 blonde Strat, nicknamed "The Duck" because of its yellow finish and the Donald Duck stickers on the body. An alternative nickname for this guitar is "Play Loud" due to a sticker on the upper horn of the guitar. Fender made 100 replica copies of this guitar and marketed it as the "Play Loud Guitar". He also has a signature Stratocaster. It comes in a Vintage White finish with a maple neck, either a maple or rosewood fretboard with scalloped frets and, from 2010, Seymour Duncan STK-S10 YJM "Fury" Model pickups. There is also a signature YJM100 Marshall amplifier, based on the '1959' amplifier range.

Yngwie has stated that he prefers Stratocasters from the period of 1968-1972; he claims that the bigger headstock on these generates more sustain. Yngwie customizes his guitars by fitting a brass nut, removing the middle string tree and scalloping the fretboard. Yngwie previously disconnected the tone controls on his guitars but has said that he no longer does this.

Yngwie has previously used DiMarzio pickups - most notably the HS3 and the HS4 (Formerly known as the YJM). Yngwie would use an HS3 in the bridge and the HS4 in the middle and neck positions.

In his earlier recordings, Yngwie used an HS3 in the neck and bridge positions and a disconnected stock fender in the middle. In his earlier years he also used a Ibanez Gio Rg Series

Band members

; Current members

Tim "Ripper" Owens—vocals (2008–present)

Bjorn Englen—bass (2008–present)

Patrick Johansson—drums, percussion (2001–present)

Nick Marino—keyboards (2005–2006, 2010–present)

Discography

;Steeler

!Date of Release	!Title	!Label	!Chart positions	!US sales
1983		Shrapnel

;Alcatrazz

!Date of Release	!Title	!Label	!Chart positions	!US sales
	''No Parole from Rock N' Roll''
''Live Sentence''
	''Live '83''
''No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll Tour Live in Japan 1984.1.28 Audio Tracks''

;Solo

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions
!style="width:2em;font-size:75%"	!style="width:2em;font-size:75%"
1984	''Rising Force''	* Released: 1984	Polydor Records>Polydor	* Format:
1985	''Marching Out''	* Released: October 1985	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1986		* Released: 1986	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1988		* Released: March 1988	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1989		* Released: October, 1989	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1990		* Released: 1990	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1991	''The Yngwie Malmsteen Collection''	* Released: November, 1991	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
1992		* Released: 1992	Elektra Records>Elektra	* Format:
		* Released: February 18, 1994	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
	* Released: September 21, 1994	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
	* Released: October 21, 1994	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
1995		* Released: June 6, 1995	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
1996		* Released: November 5, 1996	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
1997	''Facing the Animal''	* Released: September 3, 1997	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
	''Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra'' in E flat minor, Opus 1	* Released: February 4, 1998	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
''Double LIVE!''	* Released: September 18, 1998	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
1999		* Released: September 17, 1999	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
		* Released: March 15, 2000	* Label:	* Format:
''The young person's guide to the classics.1'' *	* Released: April 25, 2000	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
''The young person's guide to the classics.2'' *	* Released: April 25, 2000	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
	* Released: May 9, 2000	* Label: Dream Catcher	* Format:
	* Released: November 22, 2000	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
		* Released: January 9, 2002	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
	* Released: September 4, 2002	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
''The Genesis''	* Released: December 30, 2002	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
		* Released: January 1, 2004	* Label: Pony Canyon	* Format:
''G3: Rockin' in the Free World''	* Released: March 10, 2004	Epic Records>Epic	* Format:
	''Unleash the Fury	* Released: February 23, 2005	* Label: Universal Music	* Format:
''20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Yngwie Malmsteen	* Released: May 24, 2005	* Label: Polydor	* Format:
2008	''Perpetual Flame	* Released: October 14, 2008	* Label: Rising Force Records/Universal Music Japan	* Format:
	''Angels of Love	* Released: March 10, 2009	* Label: Rising Force Records	* Format:
	* Released: December 8, 2009	* Label: Rising Force Records	* Format:
2010		* Released: November 23, 2010	* Label: Rising Force Records/Universal Music Japan	* Format:

See also

Guitar Moves

Shredding

Sweeping

G3 Tour

References

External links

Gaspar Muntwyler - Capricho Arabe/Preludio Obsesivo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ijX0Zvg_Mc

Malmsteen Brazil Fanclub

Audio interview with Yngwie // Metalpaths.com 2010

Audio Interview with Yngwie on GuitarJamDaily.com

HardRadio.com interview with Yngwie

How to pronounce Yngwie Malmsteen in Swedish (Svenska)

http://baroqueandloud.fr-bb.com/index.forum : French forum of Yngwie Malmsteen

A very complete biography of Malmsteen in French, made by Michaël Mhamdi from Baroque and Loud Forum: http://malmsteenforum.free.fr/

Category:Swedish expatriates in the United States Category:American people of Swedish descent Category:Swedish heavy metal guitarists Category:Swedish rock guitarists Category:G3 Category:Lead guitarists Category:People from Stockholm Category:1963 births Category:Living people

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Honorific-prefix	The Right Honourable
Name	Richard Bedford Bennett
Honorific-suffix	PC KC
Order	11th
Office	Prime Minister of Canada
Term start	August 7, 1930
Term end	October 23, 1935
Monarch	George V
Predecessor	W. L. Mackenzie King
Successor	W. L. Mackenzie King
Birth date	July 03, 1870
Birth place	Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick
Death date	June 26, 1947
Death place	Mickleham, England
Party	Conservative
Religion	Methodist, then United Church of Canada
Spouse	Single; Never married
Alma mater	Dalhousie University
Profession	Lawyer
Signature	RB Bennett Signature.svg }}

Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, PC, KC (July 3, 1870 – June 26, 1947) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, politician, and philanthropist. He served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada from August 7, 1930, to October 23, 1935, during the worst of the Great Depression years. Following his defeat as prime minister, Bennett moved to England, and was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Bennett.

Early life

R. B. Bennett was born on July 3, 1870, when his mother, Henrietta Stiles, was visiting at her parents' home in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Canada. He grew up nearby at the home of his father, Henry John Bennett, at Hopewell Cape, the shire town of Albert County, then a town of 1,800 people.

His father was descended from English ancestors who had emigrated to Connecticut in the 18th century. His great, great grandfather Bennett migrated from Connecticut to Nova Scotia c. 1765, before the American Revolution, taking the lands forcibly removed from the deported Acadians during the Great Upheaval.

R. B. Bennett's family was poor, subsisting mainly on the produce of a small farm. His early days inculcated a lifelong habit of thrift. The driving force in his family was his mother. She was a Wesleyan Methodist and passed this faith and the Protestant ethic on to her son. His principle ever after was: work as hard as you can, earn all you can, save all you can, and then give all you can. Bennett's father does not appear to have been a good provider for his family, though the reason is unclear. He operated a general store for a while and tried to develop some gypsum deposits.

The Bennetts had previously been a relatively prosperous family, operating a shipyard in Hopewell Cape, but the change to steam-powered vessels in the mid-19th century meant the gradual winding down of their business. However, the household was a literate one, subscribing to three newspapers.They were strong Conservatives; indeed one of the largest and last ships launched by the Bennett shipyard (in 1869) was the ''Sir John A. Macdonald''.

Educated in the local school, Bennett was a good student, but something of a loner. In addition to his Protestant faith, Bennett grew up with an abiding love of the British Empire, then at its apogee.

Some important friendships

One day, while Bennett was crossing the Miramichi River on the ferry boat, a well-dressed lad about nine years younger came over to him and struck up a conversation. This was the beginning of an improbable but important friendship with Max Aitken, later the industrialist and British press baron, Lord Beaverbrook. The agnostic Aitken liked to tease the Methodist Bennett, whose fiery temper contrasted with Aitken's ability to turn away wrath with a joke. This friendship would become important to his success later in life, as would his friendship with the Chatham lawyer, Lemuel J. Tweedie, a prominent Conservative politician. He began to study law with Tweedie on weekends and during summer holidays. Another important friendship was with the prominent Shirreff family of Chatham, the father being High Sheriff of Northumberland County for 25 years. The son, Harry, joined the E.B. Eddy Company, a large pulp and paper industrial concern, and was transferred to Halifax. His sister moved there to study nursing, and soon Bennett joined them to study law at Dalhousie University. Their friendship was renewed there, and became crucial to his later life when Jennie Shirreff married the head of the Eddy Company. She later made Bennett the lawyer for her extensive interests.

University, early legal career

Bennett started at Dalhousie University in 1890, graduating in 1893 with a law degree. He worked his way through with a job as assistant in the library, being recommended by Dr. R. C. Weldon.

He was then a partner in the Chatham law firm of Tweedie and Bennett. Max Aitken (later known as Lord Beaverbrook) was his office boy, while articling as a lawyer, acting as a stringer for the Montreal Gazette, and selling life insurance. Aitken persuaded him to run for alderman in the first Town Council of Chatham, and managed his campaign. Bennett was elected by one vote, and was later furious with Aitken when he heard all the promises he had made on Bennett's behalf.

Move to Alberta

Despite his election to the Chatham town council, Bennett's days in the town were numbered. He was ambitious and saw that the small community was too narrow a field for him. He was already negotiating with Sir James Lougheed to move to Calgary and become his law partner. Lougheed was Calgary's richest man and most successful lawyer.

Bennett moved to Alberta in 1897. A lifelong bachelor and teetotaler (although Bennett was known by select associates to occasionally drink alcohol when the press was not around to observe this), he led a rather lonely life in a hotel and later, in a boarding house. For a while a younger brother roomed with him. He ate his noon meal on workdays at the Alberta Hotel. Social life, such as it was, centered on church. There was, however, no scandal attached to his personal life. Bennett worked hard and gradually built up his legal practice. In 1908 he was one of five people appointed to the first Library Board for the city of Calgary and was instrumental in establishing the Calgary Public Library.

Early political career

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 1898 general election, representing the riding of West Calgary. He was re-elected to a second term in office in 1902 as an Independent from the parties in the Northwest Territories legislature.

In 1905, when Alberta was carved out of the territories and made a province, Bennett became the first leader of the Alberta Conservative Party. In 1909, he won a seat in the provincial legislature, before switching to federal politics.

Elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1911, Bennett returned to the provincial scene to again lead the Alberta Tories in the 1913 provincial election, but kept his federal seat in Ottawa when his Tories failed to take power in the province; such practice was later forbidden.

At age 44, he tried to enlist in the Canadian military once World War I broke out, but was turned down as being medically unfit. In 1916, Bennett was appointed director general of the National Service Board, which was in charge of identifying the number of potential recruits in the country.

While Bennett supported the Conservatives, he opposed Prime Minister Robert Borden's proposal for a Union Government that would include both Conservatives and Liberals, fearing that this would ultimately hurt the Conservative Party. While he campaigned for Conservative candidates in the 1917 federal election he did not stand for re-election himself.

Cabinet minister, Conservative party leader

Nevertheless, Borden's successor, Arthur Meighen appointed Bennett Minister of Justice in his government, as it headed into the 1921 federal election in which both the government and Bennett were defeated. Bennett won the seat of Calgary West in the 1925 federal election and was returned to government as Minister of Finance in Meighen's short-lived government in 1926. The government was defeated in the 1926 federal election. Meighen stepped down as Tory leader, and Bennett became the party's leader in 1927 at the first Conservative leadership convention.

As Opposition leader, Bennett faced off against the more experienced Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in Commons debates, and took some time to acquire enough experience to hold his own with King. In 1930, King blundered badly when he made overly partisan statements in response to criticism over his handling of the economic downturn, which was hitting Canada very hard. King's worst error was in stating that he "would not give Tory provincial governments a five-cent piece!" This serious mistake, which drew wide press coverage, gave Bennett his needed opening to attack King, which he did successfully in the election campaign which followed.

Prime minister

Confronting the Depression

By defeating William Lyon Mackenzie King in the 1930 federal election, he had the misfortune of taking office during the Great Depression. Bennett tried to combat the depression by increasing trade within the British Empire and imposing tariffs for imports from outside the Empire, promising that his measures would ''blast'' Canadian exports into world markets. His success was limited however, and his own wealth (often openly displayed) and impersonal style alienated many struggling Canadians.

When his ''Imperial Preference'' policy failed to generate the desired result, Bennett's government had no real contingency plan. The party's pro-business and pro-banking inclinations provided little relief to the millions of increasingly desperate and agitated unemployed. Despite the economic crisis, ''Laissez-faire'' persisted as the guiding economic principle of Conservative Party ideology. Government relief to the unemployed was considered a disincentive to individual initiative, and was therefore only granted in the most minimal amounts and attached to work programs. An additional concern of the federal government was that large numbers of disaffected unemployed men concentrating in urban centres created a volatile situation. As an "alternative to bloodshed on the streets," the stop-gap solution for unemployment chosen by the Bennett government was to establish military-run and -styled relief camps in remote areas throughout the country, where single unemployed men toiled for twenty cents a day. Any relief beyond this was left to provincial and municipal governments, many of which were either insolvent or on the brink of bankruptcy, and which railed against the inaction of other levels of government. Partisan differences began to sharpen on the question of government intervention in the economy, since lower levels of government were largely in Liberal hands, and protest movements were beginning to send their own parties into the political mainstream, notably the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and William Aberhart's Social Credit Party in Alberta.

Hosts, dominates 1932 Imperial Conference

Bennett hosted the 1932 Imperial Economic Conference in Ottawa; this was the first time Canada had hosted the meetings. It was attended by the leaders of the independent dominions of the British Empire (which later became the Commonwealth of Nations). Bennett dominated the meetings, which were ultimately unproductive, due to the inability of leaders to agree on policies, mainly to combat the economic woes dominating the world at the time.

Anti-Communism

A nickname that would stick with Bennett for the remainder of his political career, "Iron Heel Bennett," came from a 1932 speech he gave in Toronto that ironically, if unintentionally, alluded to Jack London's socialist novel:

What do they offer you in exchange for the present order? Socialism, Communism, dictatorship. They are sowing the seeds of unrest everywhere. Right in this city such propaganda is being carried on and in the little out of the way places as well. And we know that throughout Canada this propaganda is being put forward by organizations from foreign lands that seek to destroy our institutions. And we ask that every man and woman put the iron heel of ruthlessness against a thing of that kind.

Reacting to fears of Communist subversion, Bennett invoked the controversial Section 98 of the Criminal Code of Canada. Enacted in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike, Section 98 dispensed with the presumption of innocence in outlawing potential threats to the state: specifically, anyone belonging to an organization that officially advocated the violent overthrow of the government. Even if the accused had never committed an act of violence or personally supported such an action, they could be incarcerated merely for attending meetings of such an organization, publicly speaking in its defense, or distributing its literature. Despite the broad power authorized under Section 98, it targeted specifically the Communist Party of Canada. Eight of the top party leaders, including Tim Buck, were arrested and convicted under Section 98 in 1931. This plan to stamp out communism backfired, however, and proved to be a damaging embarrassment for the government, especially after Buck was the target of an apparent assassination attempt. While confined to his cell during a prison riot, despite not participating in the riot, shots were fired into his cell. When an agit-prop play depicting these events, ''Eight Men Speak'', was suppressed by the Toronto police, a protest meeting was held where activist A.E. Smith repeated the play's allegations, and he was consequently arrested for sedition. This created a storm of public protest, compounded when Buck was called as a witness to the trial and repeated the allegations in open court. Although the remarks were stricken from the record, they still discredited the prosecution's case and Smith was acquitted. As a result, the government's case against Buck lost any credibility, and Buck and his comrades were released early and fêted as heroic champions of civil liberties.

A 2001 book by Quebec nationalist writer Normand Lester, ''Le Livre noir du Canada anglais'' (later translated as ''The Black Book of English Canada'') accused Bennett of having a political affiliation with, and of having provided financial support to, fascist Quebec writer Adrien Arcand. This is based on a series of letters sent to Bennett following his election as Prime Minister by Arcand, his colleague Ménard and two Conservative caucus members asking for financial support for Arcand's antsemitic newspaper ''Le Goglu''. The book also claims that in a 1936 letter to Bennett, A. W. Reid, a Conservative organizer, estimated that Conservative Party members gave Arcand a total of $27,000 (the modern equivalent $359,284).

Relief camp protest

Having survived Section 98, and benefiting from the public sympathy wrought by persecution, Communist Party members set out to organize workers in the relief camps. Camp workers laboured on a variety of infrastructure projects, including such things as municipal airports, roads, and park facilities, along with a number of make-work schemes. Conditions in the camps were abhorrent, not only because of the low pay, but the lack of recreational facilities, isolation from family and friends, poor quality food, and the use of military discipline, which made the camps feel like penal colonies. Communists thus had ample grounds on which to organize camp inmates. The Relief Camp Workers' Union was formed and affiliated with the Workers' Unity League, the trade union umbrella of the Communist Party. Camp workers in BC struck on April 4, 1935, and, after two months of protesting in Vancouver, began the On-to-Ottawa Trek to bring their grievances to Bennett's doorstep. The Prime Minister and his Minister of Justice, Hugh Guthrie, treated the trek as an attempted insurrection, and ordered it to be stopped. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) halted the Trek in Regina on July 1, 1935, by attacking a crowd of 3,000 strikers and their supporters, resulting in two deaths and dozens of injured. All told, Bennett's anti-Communist policy would not bode well for his political career.

Bennett's New Deal

Following the lead of President Roosevelt's New Deal in the United States, Bennett, under the advice of William Duncan Herridge, who was both Canada's ambassador to the United States and Bennett's brother-in-law, the government eventually began to follow the Americans' lead. In a series of five speeches to the nation in January 1935, Bennett introduced a Canadian version of the "New Deal," involving unprecedented public spending and federal intervention in the economy. Progressive income taxation, a minimum wage, a maximum number of working hours per week, unemployment insurance, health insurance, an expanded pension programme, and grants to farmers were all included in the plan.

In one of his addresses to the nation, Bennett said:

Bennett's conversion, however, was seen as too little too late, and he faced criticism that his reforms either went too far, or did not go far enough, including from one of his cabinet ministers H.H. Stevens, who bolted the government to form the Reconstruction Party of Canada. Some of the measures were alleged to have encroached on provincial jurisdictions laid out in Section 92 of the British North America Act. The courts, including the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, agreed and eventually struck down virtually all of Bennett's reforms. However, some of Bennett's initiatives, such as the Bank of Canada, which he founded in 1934, and the Canadian Wheat Board, remain in place to this day.

Defeat

Although there was no unity among the motley political groups that constituted Bennett's opposition, a consensus emerged that his handling of the economic crisis was insufficient and inappropriate, even from Conservative quarters. Bennett personally became a symbol of the political failings underscoring the depression. Car owners, for example, who could no longer afford gasoline, had horses pull their vehicles, named them Bennett Buggies. Unity in his own administration suffered, notably by the defection of his Minister of Trade, Henry Herbert Stevens. Stevens left the Conservatives and formed the Reconstruction Party of Canada, after Bennett refused to implement Stevens' plan for drastic economic reform to deal with the economic crisis.

The beneficiary of the overwhelming opposition during Bennett's tenure was the Liberal Party. The Tories were decimated in the October 1935 general election, winning only 40 seats to 173 for Mackenzie King's Liberals. The Tories would not form a majority government again in Canada until 1958. King's government soon implemented its own moderate reforms, including the replacement of relief camps with a scaled down provincial relief project scheme, and the repeal of Section 98. King had earlier outlined his plans with his 1918 book ''Industry and Economy''. Many of King's other reforms continue today, including the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the nationalized Bank of Canada, versions of minimum wage, maximum hours of work, pension, and unemployment insurance legislation. But ultimately, Canada mostly pulled out of the depression not as a result of government programs, but because of jobs created by the industrialization and onset of the Second World War.

Coat of arms

Bennett's Coat of Arms was designed by Alan Beddoe "Argent within two bendlets Gules three maple leaves proper all between two deim-lions rampant couped gules. Crest, a demi-lion Gules grapsing in the dexter paw a battle axe in bend sinister Or and resting the sinister paw on an escallop also Gules. Supporters, Dexter a buffalo, sinister a moose, both proper. Motto, To be Pressed not Oppressed."

Legacy

While Bennett was, and is still, often criticized for lack of compassion for the impoverished masses, he stayed up through many nights reading and responding to personal letters from ordinary citizens asking for his help, and often dipped into his personal fortune to send a five-dollar bill to a starving family. The total amount he gave personally is uncertain, although he personally estimated that between the years of 1927-37 he spent well over 2.3 million dollars. Bennett was a controlling owner of the E.B. Eddy match company, which was the largest safety match manufacturer in Canada, and he was one of the richest Canadians at that time. Bennett helped put many poor, struggling young men through university. Relative to the times he lived in, he was likely the wealthiest Canadian to become prime minister.

Bennett worked an exhausting schedule throughout his years as prime minister, often more than 14 hours per day, and dominated his government, usually holding several cabinet posts. He lived in a suite in the Chateau Laurier hotel, a short walk from Parliament Hill. The respected author Bruce Hutchison wrote that had the economic times been more normal, Bennett would likely have been regarded as a good, perhaps great, Canadian prime minister.

Bennett was also a noted talent spotter. He took note of and encouraged the young Lester Pearson in the early 1930s, and appointed Pearson to significant roles on two major government inquiries: the 1931 Royal Commission on Grain Futures, and the 1934 Royal Commission on Price Spreads. Bennett saw that Pearson was recognized with an O.B.E. after he shone in that work, arranged a bonus of $1,800, and invited him to a London conference. Former Prime Minister John Turner, who as a child knew Bennett while he was prime minister, praised Bennett's promotion of Turner's economist mother to the highest civil service post held by a Canadian woman to that time.

Retirement and death

Bennett retired to Britain in 1938, and, on June 12, 1941, became the first and only former Canadian Prime Minister to be elevated to the peerage as Viscount Bennett, of Mickleham in the County of Surrey and of Calgary and Hopewell in the Dominion of Canada.

He died after suffering a heart attack while taking a bath on June 26, 1947, at Mickleham. He was exactly one week shy of his 77th birthday. He is buried there in St. Michael's Churchyard, Mickleham. He is the only former Prime Minister not buried in Canada. Unmarried, Bennett was survived by nephews William Herridge, Jr., and Robert Coats and by brother Ronald V. Bennett. The viscountcy became extinct on his death.

Bennett was ranked #12 by a survey of Canadian historians out of the then 20 Prime Ministers of Canada through Jean Chrétien. The results of the survey were included in the book ''Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders'' by J.L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer.

Supreme Court appointments

Bennett chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General:

Oswald Smith Crocket (September 21, 1932 – April 13, 1943)

Frank Joseph Hughes (March 17, 1933 – February 13, 1935)

Sir Lyman Poore Duff (as Chief Justice, (March 17, 1933 – January 2, 1944; appointed a Puisne Justice under Prime Minister Laurier, June 4, 1906)

Henry Hague Davis (January 31, 1935 – June 30, 1944)

Patrick Kerwin (July 20, 1935 – February 2, 1963)

Other appointments

Bennett was the Honorary Colonel of The Calgary Highlanders from the year of their designation as such in 1921 to his death in 1947. He visited the Regiment in England during the war, and always ensured the 1st Battalion had a turkey dinner at Christmas every year they were overseas, including the Christmas of 1944 when the battalion was holding front line positions in the Nijmegen Salient.

Bennett served as the Rector of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario from 1935–1937, even while he was still prime minister. At the time, this role covered mediation for significant disputes between Queen's students and the university administration.

See also

List of Canadian Prime Ministers

Albert County Museum

Juniper Hall

Further reading

Monographs

Andrew D. Maclean; ''R. B. Bennett, Prime Minister of Canada'', Toronto, Excelsior Publishing Co., 1935.

Ernest Watkins; ''R. B. Bennett: A Biography'', 1963.

J. R. H. Wilbur; ''The Bennett New Deal: Fraud or Portent'', 1968.

James Henry Grey; ''R. B. Bennett: The Calgary Years'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto and Buffalo, 1991.

Peter Busby Waite; ''Loner: Three Sketches of the Personal Life and Ideas of R.B. Bennett, 1870-1947'', 1992.

Christopher McCreery and Arthur Milnes (editors): ''The Authentic Voice of Canada'', Kingston, Ontario, McGill - Queen's University Press, Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2009, ISBN 978-1-55339-275-0. This book is a collection of Bennett's speeches in the British House of Lords from 1941-47.

Forthcoming major biography by Peter Busby Waite.

John Boyko; ''Bennett: The Rebel Who Challenged And Changed A Nation'', Toronto, Key Porter Books, 2010, ISBN 1554702488.

Other works

Bruce Hutchison; ''The Incredible Canadian'', Toronto 1952, Longmans Canada. This book is mainly concerned with William Lyon Mackenzie King, but also includes substantial material on R. B. Bennett.

Lord Beaverbrook; ''Friends'', 1959.

H. Blair Neatby; ''The Politics of Chaos: Canada in the Thirties,'' 1972 ch 4 on Bennett, pp 51–72 online version.

Bruce Hutchison; ''Mr. Prime Minister 1867-1964'', Toronto 1964, Longmans Canada.

C. P. Stacey; ''Canada and the Age of Conflict, volume 2'', 1981.

Gordon Donaldson (journalist); ''The Prime Ministers of Canada'', 1993.

Michael Bliss: ''Right Honourable Men: The Descent of Canadian Politics from Macdonald to Mulroney'', 1994.

George Bowering: ''Egotists and Autocrats: The Prime Ministers of Canada'', 1999.

Will Ferguson; ''Bastards & Boneheads: Canada's Glorious Leaders Past and Present'', 1999.

J.L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer: ''Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders'', Toronto: HarperCollinsPublishersLtd., 1999, pp. 102 – 113. ISBN 0-00-200027-X.

References

External links

Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''

Silver and Gold: Bennett and the Great Depression — Historical essay, illustrated with photographs

R.B. Bennett at Find A Grave

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de:Richard Bedford Bennett es:R.B. Bennett fr:Richard Bedford Bennett ko:리처드 베드퍼드 베닛 it:Richard Bedford Bennett he:ריצ'רד בדפורד בנט mr:रिचर्ड बेडफोर्ड बेनेट nl:Richard Bennett (politicus) ja:リチャード・ベネット pl:Richard Bennett pt:Richard Bedford Bennett ru:Беннет, Ричард Бэдфорд sv:Richard Bedford Bennett uk:Річард Беннет yi:ריטשארד בעדפארד בענעט yo:R. B. Bennett zh:理查德·贝德福德·贝内特

Zoë Johnston is a British singer-songwriter (1974-), who grew up in Nottinghamshire. Johnston is best known for her vocal contributions to Faithless, Above & Beyond, Bent, and Delerium.

Biography

Early career

Zoë Johnston made her debut when she was featured on a number of tracks from Neon Heights' album ''A View From The Heights''. At the same time, Johnston was writing lyrics for Bent's debut album ''Programmed to Love''. Johnston's vocals appear on the tracks "Private Road" and "Swollen". She is credited as sole writer on the former.

Touring with Faithless

Her vocal contribution to "Swollen", a track on ''Programmed to Love'', caught the attention of Faithless member Rollo Armstrong, leading to an eighteen-month involvement in Faithless. Johnston performed with the group during their world tour.

With other artists

Johnston has also performed with The Beautiful South, Sleepthief, Delerium, and Above & Beyond on their singles "Good For Me" and "No One On Earth" on record label Anjunabeats.She has been part of Above & Beyond album "Group Therapy", released in June 2011

Solo album

Zoë Johnston's solo album, ''Happenstances'' was released on 27 November 2006 by Shiva Records. The album includes an original version of one of Johnston's best known tracks — "Crazy English Summer", from Faithless album ''Outrospective''. The album was re-released on the Favourite Records label in 2008.

References

External links

Zoë Johnston on MySpace

Shiva Records

Category:Living people Category:English female singers Category:Trance singers Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

de:Zoë Johnston