- go to the top
- About WN
- Contact
- Feedback
- Privacy Policy
- © 2011 World News Inc., all Rights Reserved
Leiden
Loading suggestions ...
-
Armin Van Buuren
http://wn.com/Armin_Van_Buuren -
Christoffel Plantijn
http://wn.com/Christoffel_Plantijn -
Dalai Lama
The Dalai Lama (; ) is a Buddhist leader of religious officials of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" branch of Tibetan Buddhism. The name is a combination of the Mongolian word Далай "Dalai" meaning "Ocean" and the Tibetan word བླ་མ ་"Blama" (with a silent b) meaning "chief" or "high priest." "Lama" is a general term referring to Tibetan Buddhist teachers. In religious terms, the Dalai Lama is believed by his devotees to be the rebirth of a long line of tulkus who descend from the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. Traditionally, he is thought of as the latest reincarnation of a series of spiritual leaders who have chosen to be reborn in order to enlighten others. The Dalai Lama is often thought to be the director of the Gelug School, but this position belongs officially to the Ganden Tripa, which is a temporary position appointed by the Dalai Lama who, in practice, exerts much influence.
http://wn.com/Dalai_Lama -
Frans Post
Frans Janszoon Post (Haarlem, 1612 — Haarlem, 1680) was a Dutch painter. He was the first European artist to paint landscapes of the New World. In 1636 he traveled to Dutch Brazil at the invitation of Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen,.
http://wn.com/Frans_Post -
Gabriel Metsu
Gabriel Metsu (January 1629 – buried 24 October 1667) was a Dutch painter of history paintings, genre works and portraits.
http://wn.com/Gabriel_Metsu -
Gegard Mousasi
Gegard Mousasi (born August 1, 1985) is a professional Dutch-Armenian mixed martial artist and kickboxer. He is fighting out of Team Jurojin in Leiden, Netherlands and is a member of Russian Red Devil Sport Club. He is the current Dream Lightheavyweight champion, former Dream Middleweight Champion, Cage Warriors Middleweight Champion and the former Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion. Both Sherdog.com and MMAweekly.com rank Mousasi as the sixth best light heavyweight in the world. His last loss was to Muhammed Lawal at . He has notable wins over Renato Sobral, Ronaldo Souza, Melvin Manhoef, Evangelista Santos, Hector Lombard, and Dennis Kang.
http://wn.com/Gegard_Mousasi -
Gerard Dou
http://wn.com/Gerard_Dou -
Hendrik Casimir
Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (July 15, 1909 in The Hague, Netherlands – May 4, 2000 in Heeze) was a Dutch physicist best known for his research on the two-fluid model of superconductors (together with C. J. Gorter) in 1934 and the Casimir effect (together with D. Polder) in 1948.
http://wn.com/Hendrik_Casimir -
Hendrik Lorentz
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time.
http://wn.com/Hendrik_Lorentz -
Herman Boerhaave
Herman Boerhaave (Voorhout, 31 December 1668 – Leiden, 23 September 1738) was a Dutch botanist, humanist and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital. His main achievement was to demonstrate the relation of symptoms to lesions.
http://wn.com/Herman_Boerhaave -
House of Elzevir
Elzevir is the name of a celebrated family of Dutch booksellers, publishers, and printers of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Although it appears the family was involved with the book trade as early as the 16th century, it is only known for its work in some detail beginning with Lodewijk Elzevir (also called Louis). The family ceased printing in 1712, but a contemporary publisher Elsevier takes its name from this early modern business.
http://wn.com/House_of_Elzevir -
Jacob van Campen
Jacob van Campen (February 2, 1596, Haarlem - September 13, 1657, Amersfoort) was a Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age.
http://wn.com/Jacob_van_Campen -
Jan Steen
Jan Havickszoon Steen (c. 1626 – buried February 3, 1679) was a Dutch genre painter of the 17th century (also known as the Dutch Golden Age). Psychological insight, sense of humour and abundance of colour are marks of his trade.
http://wn.com/Jan_Steen -
Jan van Goyen
Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. Van Goyen was an extremely prolific artist; approximately twelve hundred paintings and more than one thousand drawings by him are known.
http://wn.com/Jan_van_Goyen -
Johann Bachstrom
Jan Fryderyk or Johann Friedrich Bachstrom, (24 December 1688, near Rawicz - June 1742, Niesviez) was a writer, scientist and Lutheran theologian who spent the last decade of his life in Leiden. His surname is sometimes spelt Bachstroem or Bachstrohm. He mostly wrote in Latin, German, and French (with his given names adjusted to Joannis Friderici and Jean-Frédéric as appropriate), while in English biographies he can appear as John Frederic Bachstrom. Since he is best known for his publications while in Leiden, he is most often described as a Dutch physician and writer.
http://wn.com/Johann_Bachstrom -
John of Leiden
John of Leiden (, Jan Beukelsz or Jan Beukelszoon; aka John Bockold or John Bockelson) (1509? – January 22, 1536), was an Anabaptist leader from the Dutch city of Leiden. He was the illegitimate son of a Dutch mayor, and a tailor's apprentice by trade.
http://wn.com/John_of_Leiden -
Jouke de Vries
Jouke de Vries (born 26 September 1960, Dearsum) is a professor at Leiden University in Leiden.
http://wn.com/Jouke_de_Vries -
Lieven de Key
Lieven de Key (1560 Ghent — July 17, 1627, Haarlem) was a famous architect in the Netherlands. He became city architect of Haarlem in 1592.
http://wn.com/Lieven_de_Key -
Lodewijk Elzevir
Lodewijk Elzevir (c. 1540, Leuven — 4 February 1617, Leiden), originally Lodewijk or Louis Elsevier or Elzevier, was a significant Dutch printer. He was the founder of the House of Elzevir, which printed, for example, the work of Galileo, at a time when his work was suppressed for religious reasons.
http://wn.com/Lodewijk_Elzevir -
Louis Bonaparte
|align=right
http://wn.com/Louis_Bonaparte -
Love Brewster
Elder Love Brewster (born ca. 1611) was an early American settler, the son of Elder William Brewster and his wife, Mary Brewster. He traveled with his father, mother and brother, Wrestling, on the Mayflower reaching what became the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. Brewster had two sisters, Patience and Fear, and two brothers, Jonathan and Wrestling, along with an unnamed sister who died young. He was a founder of the town of Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
http://wn.com/Love_Brewster -
Lucas van Leyden
Lucas van Leyden (Leiden, 1494 – 8 August 1533 in Leiden), also named either Lucas Hugensz or Lucas Jacobsz, was a Dutch engraver and painter, born and mainly active in Leiden, who was among the first Dutch exponents of genre painting and is generally regarded as one of the finest engravers in the history of art.
http://wn.com/Lucas_van_Leyden -
Ludolph van Ceulen
Ludolph van Ceulen (28 January 1540 – 31 December 1610) was a German / Dutch mathematician from Hildesheim. Like many Germans during the Catholic Inquisitions, he emigrated to the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Ludolph_van_Ceulen -
Nina Foch
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 - December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress and leading lady in many 1940s and 1950s films.
http://wn.com/Nina_Foch -
Pancras of Rome
:For things named after Saint Pancras see the disambiguation page: St Pancras. See also Saint Pancras of Taormina and San Pancrazio (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Pancras_of_Rome -
Paul Ehrenfest
Paul Ehrenfest (January 18, 1880 – September 25, 1933) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem.
http://wn.com/Paul_Ehrenfest -
Pieter de Ring
Pieter de Ring, or Ryng (1615/1620 – 22 September 1660, Leiden) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes. became famous for his opulent, flashy still lifes or banquet pieces with fruit, a lobster, a goblet, shrimps, oysters, a rug and Chinese porcelain. His signature is often a painted ring or with the Latinised form of his name, P.Ab.Annulo.
http://wn.com/Pieter_de_Ring -
Pieter Post
Pieter Jansz Post (baptised May 1, 1608, Haarlem – buried May 8, 1669, The Hague) was a Dutch architect, painter and printmaker.
http://wn.com/Pieter_Post -
Pieter Zeeman
Pieter Zeeman () (25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.
http://wn.com/Pieter_Zeeman -
Pilgrims
http://wn.com/Pilgrims -
Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (, July 15, 1606 – October 4, 1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden Age.
http://wn.com/Rembrandt -
St Peter
http://wn.com/St_Peter -
Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg (30 August 1883 – 7 March 1931) was a Dutch artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl.
http://wn.com/Theo_van_Doesburg -
Willebrord Snell
http://wn.com/Willebrord_Snell -
Willem Einthoven
Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 – Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.
http://wn.com/Willem_Einthoven -
William I of Orange
http://wn.com/William_I_of_Orange -
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
http://wn.com/Winston_Churchill -
Wouter Bos
Wouter Jacob Bos (; born July 14, 1963) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He was Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister in the Cabinet Balkenende IV from February 22, 2007 till February 23, 2010. He has been political leader of the Dutch Labour Party since November 17, 2002 - but announced his retirement from politics on March 12, 2010 .
http://wn.com/Wouter_Bos
-
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam -
Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Delft
Delft () is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland), the Netherlands. It is located in between Rotterdam and The Hague.
http://wn.com/Delft -
Den Haag
http://wn.com/Den_Haag -
Flanders
Flanders (Dutch: , ) is the (political) community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied.
http://wn.com/Flanders -
Gouda
Gouda (; population [http://www.gouda.nl/Over_Gouda/Cijfers_over_Gouda/Kengetallen/Bevolkingscijfers_Gouda 70,828] in 2009) is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Gouda, which was granted city rights in 1272, is famous for its Gouda cheese, smoking pipes, and its 15th century city hall.
http://wn.com/Gouda -
Haarlem
Haarlem (), in the past usually Harlem in English, is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic. Haarlem lies in the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe.
http://wn.com/Haarlem -
Hooglandse Kerk
Hooglandse Kerk is a Gothic church in Leiden dating from the fifteenth century. The brick church is dedicated to St. Pancras and today serves parishioners of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Hooglandse_Kerk -
Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
http://wn.com/Japan -
Juigalpa
http://wn.com/Juigalpa -
Kagerplassen
The Kagerplassen (a Dutch term meaning "the Kaag Lakes") is a small lake system in South Holland located to the northeast of Leiden. The Kaag Lakes are a popular area for boating, watersports, fishing, camping and walking. Windmills, waterfront pasture land (weilanden) with grazing animals, quaint Dutch boats and buildings and (in season) flower fields are all part of the charm of boating and walking in this area.
http://wn.com/Kagerplassen -
Katwijk
Katwijk () is a coastal municipality and town in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. It has a population of 61,292.
http://wn.com/Katwijk -
Leiden Observatory
Leiden Observatory (Sterrewacht Leiden in Dutch) is an astronomical observatory in the city of Leiden, Netherlands. It was established by Leiden University in 1633, to house the quadrant of Snellius, and is the oldest operating University observatory in the world (before this, astronomy taught at medieval universities tended to be of a more theoretical nature, and any observations were usually done with private equipment rather than at University observatories —see this timeline).
http://wn.com/Leiden_Observatory -
Leiden University
Leiden University (), located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The Queens Juliana and Beatrix and crown-prince Willem-Alexander studied at Leiden University. In 2005 Queen Beatrix received a rare honorary degree from Leiden University.
http://wn.com/Leiden_University -
Leiderdorp
Leiderdorp () is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland near the city of Leiden. It had a population of 26,182 in 2004.
http://wn.com/Leiderdorp -
Leidse Hout
http://wn.com/Leidse_Hout -
Leyden, New York
Leyden is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,792 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Leyden_New_York -
Lugdunum Batavorum
http://wn.com/Lugdunum_Batavorum -
Naturalis
Naturalis is the national natural history museum of the Netherlands, based in Leiden. It originated from the merger of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (abbreviated RMNH) and the Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie (abbreviated RGM) in 1984. In 1986 it was decided that the museum had to become a public museum and a new building was built. The new building cost about €60 million, making it the second most expensive museum building in the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Naturalis -
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
http://wn.com/Nicaragua -
Oegstgeest
Oegstgeest () is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. Its population was 22,576 in 2008.
http://wn.com/Oegstgeest -
Oxford
Oxford () is a city, and the county town of Oxfordshire, in South East England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 151,000 living within the district boundary. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. For a distance of some along the river, in the vicinity of Oxford, the Thames is known as The Isis.
http://wn.com/Oxford -
Pieterskerk, Leiden
The Pieterskerk is a late-Gothic church in Leiden dedicated to Saint Peter. It is best known today as the church of the Pilgrim Fathers where John Robinson was buried.
http://wn.com/Pieterskerk_Leiden -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Rijnsburg
(population: 14,941 in 2004) is a community in the eastern part of the city Katwijk, in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The name means Rhines Burg in Dutch.
http://wn.com/Rijnsburg -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa -
South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: ) is a province situated on the North Sea in the western part of the Netherlands. The provincial capital is The Hague and its largest city is Rotterdam. The province is the most populated of the 12 provinces.
http://wn.com/South_Holland -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Teylingen
Teylingen () is a municipality in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands. It was created on January 1, 2006, through the amalgamation of Sassenheim, Voorhout, and Warmond. It is named after Castle Teylingen, located on the northern edge of Sassenheim, in Voorhout.
http://wn.com/Teylingen -
The Hague
The Hague (with capital T; Dutch: ', officially also ') is the third largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam, with a population of 485,818 (as of May 31, 2009) (population of agglomeration: 1,011,459) and an area of approximately 100 km². It is located in the west of the country, in the province of South Holland, of which it is also the provincial capital. The Hague is, like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and Almere, part of the Randstad metropolitan area, with 6,659,300 inhabitants.
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Toruń
Toruń (, , , see also: ) is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is more than 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
http://wn.com/Toruń -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
University of Leiden
http://wn.com/University_of_Leiden -
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the third oldest surviving university and the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back as the 11th century. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
http://wn.com/University_of_Oxford -
Voorschoten
(population: 22,505 in 2004) is a village and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It is a smaller town in the Randstad, enclosed by the cities of Leiden and The Hague. The municipality covers an area of 11.59 km² (of which 0.38 km² is covered by water). Recently, plans to merge into one village with Wassenaar have been introduced.
http://wn.com/Voorschoten -
Wassenaar
:Parts of this article have been translated from the of this page
http://wn.com/Wassenaar -
Weigh House (Leiden)
The Leiden Weigh House (De Waag in Dutch) is a Rijksmonument located on Aalmarkt street (nr. 21).
http://wn.com/Weigh_House_(Leiden) -
Zijlpoort (Leiden)
Zijlpoort is a city gate in Leiden, The Netherlands. The gate was built in 1667 in the classical style according to a design by the Leiden architect Willem van der Helm and with sculpture by Rombout Verhulst. Because the gates have to connect with the city wall as well as with a bridge, the building is in the form of a parallelogram. Together with the Morspoort, the Zijlpoort is the only one of the original eight gates that survive. The name refers to the nearby river, the Zijl. The predecessor of the Zijlpoort stood at the end of the Haarlemmerstraat that is now called the Havenplein.
http://wn.com/Zijlpoort_(Leiden) -
Zoeterwoude
Zoeterwoude () is a municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers 21.91 km² (of which 0.67 km² is water). It had a population of 8,526 in 2004.
http://wn.com/Zoeterwoude
- Amsterdam
- Anabaptist
- Ancient Rome
- Archaism
- Armin Van Buuren
- baize
- Berlin
- Boerhaave
- broadcloth
- bubonic plague
- Burcht van Leiden
- burgrave
- Bus stop
- camlet
- canal
- canning
- capacitor
- castle
- Christoffel Plantijn
- Church (building)
- city gate
- city wall
- Classicism
- cloth
- Connexxion
- convent
- Count of Holland
- cryogenics
- Dalai Lama
- Delft
- Den Haag
- dike (construction)
- Dutch language
- Eighty Years' War
- Elsevier
- English language
- ethnography
- ethnology
- Eurotransplant
- Evert Jan Brill
- explosion
- Factor V Leiden
- Flanders
- fortification
- fortress
- Frans Post
- Gabriel Metsu
- Gegard Mousasi
- geography
- Gerard Dou
- Gouda
- gracht
- gunpowder
- gymnasium (school)
- Haarlem
- helium
- Hendrik Casimir
- Hendrik Lorentz
- Herman Boerhaave
- Hooglandse Kerk
- Hook and Cod wars
- House of Elzevir
- hutspot
- Jacob van Campen
- Jan Hendrik Oort
- Jan Steen
- Jan van Goyen
- Japan
- Johann Bachstrom
- John of Leiden
- Jouke de Vries
- Juigalpa
- Kagerplassen
- Katwijk
- Krefeld
- Leiden Classical
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden scale
- Leiden University
- Leiderdorp
- Leidse Hout
- Leyden cheese
- Leyden jar
- Leyden, New York
- Lieven de Key
- Light rail
- Lodewijk Elzevir
- Louis Bonaparte
- Love Brewster
- Lucas van Leyden
- Ludolph van Ceulen
- Lugdunum Batavorum
- Marekerk
- Matilo
- motte-and-bailey
- municipality
- Münster Rebellion
- natural history
- Naturalis
- Netherlands
- New Amsterdam
- New World
- Nicaragua
- Nina Foch
- nøkkelost
- Oegstgeest
- organ donation
- Oxford
- Pancras of Rome
- paper money
- park
- Paul Ehrenfest
- Pi
- Pieter de Ring
- Pieter Post
- Pieter Zeeman
- Pieterskerk, Leiden
- Pilgrims
- Poland
- Printer (publisher)
- province
- pulpit
- quay
- Reichstag fire
- Rembrandt
- Renaissance
- RijnGouweLijn
- Rijnsburg
- Siege of Leiden
- Singel
- South Africa
- South Holland
- Spain
- St Peter
- Teylingen
- The Hague
- Theo van Doesburg
- Toruń
- Town twinning
- United Kingdom
- University of Leiden
- University of Oxford
- vernacular
- Voorschoten
- Wassenaar
- weaving
- weigh house
- Weigh House (Leiden)
- wharf
- Willebrord Snell
- Willem de Sitter
- Willem Einthoven
- William Bradford
- William Brewster
- William I of Orange
- Winston Churchill
- Wireless Leiden
- World War II
- Wouter Bos
- Zijlpoort (Leiden)
- Zoeterwoude
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 20 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 05 Dec 2011
- Author: kalimasada
The City of Leiden
http://wn.com/Leiden
Leiden, The Netherlands, 13/10/07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:28
- Published: 08 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 24 Aug 2011
- Author: stuartmoss
Views around the town of Leiden, including the streets, canals and windmills.
http://wn.com/Leiden,_The_Netherlands,_13/10/07
Citymoves - Leiden 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Published: 13 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 18 Jun 2011
- Author: Aldaevents
The video report from Citymoves on Sunday the 9th of August in the city center of Leiden!
http://wn.com/Citymoves__Leiden_2009
Elder Arsenie - On Suffering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:22
- Published: 16 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 23 Nov 2011
- Author: ioancasian
Elder Arsenie talks about humbleness, sacrifice and suffering. Spiritual son of Elder Cleopa, (born on August 13th, 1914), in prison on and off for over 12 years between 1938 and 1964, one of the greatest Romanian Elders of our days.
http://wn.com/Elder_Arsenie__On_Suffering
Old Leiden and its painters.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 14 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 30 Jul 2011
- Author: grolleboppe
Pictures of leiden and its most famous painters, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Jan van Goyen, Lucas van Leyden and Gerard Dou.
http://wn.com/Old_Leiden_and_its_painters
The King's singers - Ach, weh des leiden - Hassler
"Ach, weh des leiden" composer - Hassler The King's singers Jeremy Jackman,Alastair Hume - Counterternor Bill Ives - Tenor Anthony Holt,Simon Carrington - Bariton Colin Mason - Bass
http://wn.com/The_King's_singers__Ach,_weh_des_leiden__Hassler
Leiden University Promotional DVD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Published: 23 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: WorkstationBV
An excerpt from the DVD 'Jewels of Leiden Science', directed by John Twigt. Students and researchers talk about their motivations.
http://wn.com/Leiden_University_Promotional_DVD
The Women of Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden is the most common clotting disorder among women in the United States. It is believed to be responsible for the majority of miscarriages, yet many doctors do not test for the genetic mutation until after a woman has suffered through the loss of her baby. This video is dedicated toward educating other women about FVL and the goal is to someday make it a mandatory test for ALL pregnant women! *First off - I want to thank everyone for being so patient and understanding at the amount of time it took me to complete this project. Most of you know I was out of commission for two months while I recovered from back surgery in September. Many, MANY ladies contributed to this video with dozens of pictures. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to use them all, as some of their formats wouldn't work with the program I used to make the video. I am by no means good with technology - but I tried my hardest and did the best I could with what I had. Also - the video isn't chock-full of factual information. It's simply meant as a tool to spread awareness of our goal to inform others of our disorder AND to hope that more prenatal tests include bloodwork for thrombophilia. Since specific medical information on how to treat pregnant women with FVL/thrombophilia is always changing - I opted out of giving specific details of treatment during pregnancy. Again, thank you everyone and please feel free to post the video to your own web page, myspace, facebook or wherever! I just hope that we <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Women_of_Factor_V_Leiden
Böhse Onkelz - Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Published: 19 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: OnkelzSound
Leiden
http://wn.com/Böhse_Onkelz__Leiden
Libera - Silent Night (Leiden Concert Footage)
Libera perfoming 'Silent Night' from their Leiden concert back in May 2007, a preview from CPBN with Tom Cully performing solo. This song was recorded for a christmas promotion to US Public Television who aired their concert. This song is NOT featured on their concert DVD and CD which was released back in November 2007.
http://wn.com/Libera__Silent_Night_Leiden_Concert_Footage
Leiden: Aanrandingen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Published: 08 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Sep 2011
- Author: OpsporingVerzocht
Zondag 8 mei 2011, tussen 08.15-09.00 uur, hebben ten minste twee aanrandingen plaatsgevonden, waaronder op het Stationsplein te Leiden.
http://wn.com/Leiden_Aanrandingen
Leiden City Promotion Film 2
Leiden, Key to discovery Leiden is a typical university city, hosting the oldest university in the Netherlands (1575). Leiden is also a typical student city and has a rich student life, including many cultural activities, sports and things to do. Many students are members of a student association. The students who live and study in Leiden give the city its relaxed yet vibrant atmosphere. Life in Leiden is greatly influenced by the relatively large number of students, as most of them both live and study in the historic city of Leiden. The large numbers of young people who study here give the city its lively character. Given the city's safe environment and friendly atmosphere, students generally feel at home here very quickly. Studying is without doubt important, but life outside the lecture room is at least as important. Out and about All the student associations, most student houses and many university buildings are located close together in Leiden's historic city centre. Whenever you are in the city centre, walking or cycling along the city's canal-lined streets or in the busy shopping streets, you are sure to meet people you know. And it goes without saying that Leiden has numerous friendly cafs, reasonably priced restaurants and a wealth of art and culture. Cultural activities Art and culture are a major feature of Leiden and they help to make student life enjoyable. There is no other city in the Netherlands that has as many museums within walking distance of one <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Leiden_City_Promotion_Film_2
N206 Leiden - De Zilk, NL
A ride across the N206 provincial highway in the Netherlands, which is a high-standard road with a substandard speed limit in the province of Zuid-Holland. It was originally conceived as a freeway from Den Haag to Haarlem, but only a small section around Katwijk was eventually built with 2x2 lanes, the rest has 1x2 lanes, but is completely grade-separated and has expressway status. Recorded Tuesday August 2nd, 2011
http://wn.com/N206_Leiden__De_Zilk,_NL
Leiden, key to discovery
The city Leiden in The Netherlands is a city full of discoveries. A city of science, innovation and a rich cultural history.
http://wn.com/Leiden,_key_to_discovery
3D city tour of Leiden (NL)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Published: 18 May 2009
- Uploaded: 09 Oct 2011
- Author: AerodataIntSurveys
This is a city tour of a 3D model of Leiden (NL). The only source data was 3cm resolution vertical aerial imagery with high forward and side overlap. This overlap made the facade modeling possible, trees were added separately. No obliques or street view imagery were used to create this 3D city model. Visit www.aerodata-surveys.com for more information.
http://wn.com/3D_city_tour_of_Leiden_NL
Metallica The Shortest Straw Live in Leiden Netherlands 1990
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Published: 12 May 2009
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: Reallystoned1420
Metallica The Shortest Straw Live in Leiden Netherlands May 20 1990 at the Groenoordhal Venue james hetfield kirk hammett lars ulrich janson newsted on the justice tour 1990 the shortest straw from the album and justice for all
http://wn.com/Metallica_The_Shortest_Straw_Live_in_Leiden_Netherlands_1990
Leiden-Beso y Pájaro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Published: 26 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 03 Dec 2011
- Author: colorescanto
Una canción sobre la mujer y lo bello que es permitir la entrega desde lo más intuitivo, más sincero pues. Comunicación constante. Espantar espíritus que no nos corresponden. Letra: Ella encierra en sus paredes con gran discreción Los caprichos y colores de su corazón Teme historias que desaten furia y carnaval Cuando un día su navaja se le disparó Tan filosa que a su escudo en trozos lo cortó Ya no tuvo más remedio que con obsesión Vivir al borde de un colapso su imaginación Ella tiene un par de sueños que no cumplirá Y aunque sabe se deleita solo con pensar Muy adentro hay una tierra en que toda la sal Se convierte en los diamantes de su libertad Todas las certezas necesitan su reserva Los misterios andan locos figurando Hoy su pecha encierra la demencia más revuelta De unos labios que en conflicto andan versando Ella es beso y pájaro Sus zapatos no se cansan de tanto bailar Cuando se incendió su bosque de nocturnidad Su equilibrio está extraviado en la sensación De seguir sus propios pasos como un gran farol Ella es beso y pájaro
http://wn.com/Leiden-Beso_y_Pájaro
Promofilm SIFE Leiden '09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Published: 08 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Mar 2011
- Author: sifeleiden
SIFE Leiden changes the world, how about you?!
http://wn.com/Promofilm_SIFE_Leiden_'09
Zounds - Live In Leiden, Holland (1981)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:32
- Published: 08 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 08 Nov 2011
- Author: RadioSchizoUT
Download at polishnightmare.blogspot.com Some songs from their last tour. Zounds broke up shortly after but reformed later on and are still playing shows today. The two songs are "Target/Mr. Disney/Subvert" and "This Land". Lyrics at www.plyrics.com More info at www.zoundsonline.co.uk
http://wn.com/Zounds__Live_In_Leiden,_Holland_1981
ClubPerzie.nl 4 Shanbeh suri 2008 Holland - Leiden www.atish.nl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Published: 10 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 31 Jul 2011
- Author: ClubPerzie
4Shanbehsuri 2008 ClubPerzie Leiden - Holland & www.ClubPerzie.nl & ww.atish.nl & www.Pourya.com
http://wn.com/ClubPerzienl_4_Shanbeh_suri_2008_Holland__Leiden_wwwatishnl
photo: WN / Priya Dashini
07 Dec 2011
Scientists have recently found that people with high blood sugar levels look older than their actual age -- one year to be exact. Announced last week, the joint study carried out by Leiden University...
size: 2.4Kb
size: 2.4Kb
Most Popular
-
Philippines floods death toll climbs to over 650
The Observer
-
'Doomed if You Do, Doomed if You Don't' Leaders and Empires
WorldNews.com
-
Last US troops leave Iraq, ending 9 years of war
DNA India
-
Tropical storm kills scores in Philippines
Gulf News
-
Last US troops elated to leave Iraq as war ends
Breitbart
RELATED LINKS
- absolute zero
- Amsterdam
- Anabaptist
- Ancient Rome
- Archaism
- Armin Van Buuren
- baize
- Berlin
- Boerhaave
- broadcloth
- bubonic plague
- Burcht van Leiden
- burgrave
- Bus stop
- camlet
- canal
- canning
- capacitor
- castle
- Christoffel Plantijn
- Church (building)
- city gate
- city wall
- Classicism
- cloth
- Connexxion
- convent
- Count of Holland
- cryogenics
- Dalai Lama
- Delft
- Den Haag
- dike (construction)
- Dutch language
- Eighty Years' War
- Elsevier
- English language
- ethnography
- ethnology
- Eurotransplant
- Evert Jan Brill
- explosion
- Factor V Leiden
- Flanders
- fortification
- fortress
- Frans Post
- Gabriel Metsu
- Gegard Mousasi
- geography
- Gerard Dou
- Gouda
- gracht
- gunpowder
- gymnasium (school)
- Haarlem
- helium
- Hendrik Casimir
- Hendrik Lorentz
- Herman Boerhaave
Forbes
The investigation in the Dutch scientific misconduct case has now spread to the Leiden University Medical Center,...
size: 0.8Kb
size: 0.8Kb
StreetInsider
LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 04/08/11 -- OctoPlus N.V. ("OctoPlus" or the "Company") (Euronext: ) announces that its Annual General Meeting of Shareholders will be held at the Company's headquarters in Leiden on 20 May 2011 at 2 PM CET. The agenda and other information regarding the...
size: 3.9Kb
size: 3.9Kb
Illumina Receives FDA 510(k) Clearance for VeraCode(R) Genotyping Test for Factor V (Leiden) and Factor ...
18 May 2010
Stockhouse
SAN DIEGO, May 18, 2010 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ:ILMN) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted 510(k) market clearance for the VeraCode(R) Genotyping Test for Factor V (Leiden) and Factor II (Prothrombin). The VeraCode Genotyping Test is...
size: 2.1Kb
size: 2.1Kb
Leiden's legacy of open arms
22 Nov 2009
Hartford Courant
Reporting from Leiden, Netherlands - This year when you sit down to dinner, think about tulips, windmills and wooden shoes. Think about a town in where, for a brief golden moment in the early 17th century, people of disparate faiths could worship as they saw fit -- French Huguenots, Roman Catholics,...
size: 5.9Kb
size: 5.9Kb
Jeffrey Leiden M.D., Ph.D. and Dennis Winger Join Vertex Pharmaceuticals' Board of Directors
07 Jul 2009
Stockhouse
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Jul 07, 2009 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (NASDAQ: VRTX) today announced that Jeffrey Leiden, M.D., Ph.D. and Dennis Winger joined its board of directors. "Jeff and Dennis add tremendous medical and biomedical business perspective to our board. The...
size: 4.2Kb
size: 4.2Kb
Stockhouse
BILLERICA, Mass., Jan 26, 2009 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Bruker Daltonics announced today the successful installations of its latest ultra-high field 12 Tesla and 15 Tesla (T) FTMS systems in the laboratory of Professor Andre Deelder at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). The 15T FTMS in Leiden...
size: 4.0Kb
size: 4.0Kb
Factor V Leiden raises risk of blood clot
17 Jun 2008
Taipei Times
The most common hereditary disorder in the US can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, miscarriage, gallbladder dysfunction and toxemia of pregnancy When David Bloom, 39, went to Iraq in 2003 to cover the war for NBC News, his wife, Melanie, naturally feared for his safety. Would a bullet or a...
size: 9.4Kb
size: 9.4Kb
| {{infobox settlement|official name | Leiden |
|---|---|
| Flag size | 120x100px |
| Image shield | Leiden wapen.svg |
| Shield size | 120x100px |
| Coordinates region | NL |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Netherlands |
| Subdivision type1 | Province |
| Subdivision name1 | South Holland |
| Leader title | Mayor |
| Leader name | Henri Lenferink |
| Area footnotes | (2006) |
| Area total km2 | 23.16 |
| Area land km2 | 21.99 |
| Area water km2 | 1.16 |
| Population as of | 30 November 2008 |
| Population note | Source: CBS, Statline. |
| Settlement type | Municipality |
| Population total | |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Timezone | CET |
| Utc offset | +1 |
| Timezone dst | CEST |
| Utc offset dst | +2 |
| Latns | N |
| Longew | E |
| Postal code type | Post code range |
| Postal code | 2300-2334 |
| Area code | 071 |
| Website | www.leiden.nl }} |
Leiden ( ) (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. The municipality of Leiden has a population of about 120,000, but the city forms one densely connected urban area with its suburbs Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, which have about 254,000 inhabitants combined. The larger Leiden agglomeration counts 332,000 inhabitants which makes it the sixth major agglomeration in the Netherlands. Leiden is located on the Old Rhine, at a distance of some 20 kilometers from The Hague to its south and some 40 kilometers from Amsterdam to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.
A university city since 1575, Leiden houses Leiden University and Leiden University Medical Centre. It is twinned with Oxford, the location of England's oldest university.
History
It is true that Leiden is an old city, its connection with Roman Lugdunum Batavorum is true though it is actually near the close-by suburb of Katwijk, whereas the Roman settlement near modern Leiden was called Matilo. However, there was a Roman fortress in Leiden in the 4th century.Leiden formed on an artificial hill (today called the Burcht van Leiden) at the confluence of the rivers Oude and Nieuwe Rijn (Old and New Rhine). In the oldest reference to this, from circa 860, the settlement was called Leithon. The landlord of Leiden, situated in a stronghold on the hill, was initially subject to the Bishop of Utrecht but around 1100 the burgraves became subject to the county of Holland. This county got its name in 1101 from a domain near the stronghold: Holtland or Holland.
Leiden was sacked in 1047 by Emperor Henry III. Early 13th century, Ada, Countess of Holland took refuge here when she was fighting in a civil war against her uncle, William I, Count of Holland. He besieged the stronghold and captured Ada.
Leiden received city rights in 1266. In 1389, its population had grown to about 4000 persons.
Siege of 1420
In 1420, during the Hook and Cod wars, Duke John of Bavaria along with his army marched from Gouda in the direction of Leiden in order to conquer the city since Leiden did not pay the new Count of Holland Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, his niece and only daughter of Count William VI of Holland. The army was well equipped and had some guns.Burgrave Filips of Wassenaar and the other local Hoekse noblemen assumed that the duke would besiege Leiden first and send small units out to conquer the surrounding citadels. But John of Bavaria chose to attack the citadels first.
He rolled the cannons with his army but one too heavy went per ship. By firing at the walls and gates with iron balls the citadels fell one by one. Within a week John of Bavaria conquered the castles of Poelgeest, Ter Does, Hoichmade, de Zijl, ter Waerd, Warmond and de Paddenpoel.
On 24 June the army appeared before the walls of Leiden. On 17 August 1420, after a two-month siege the city surrendered to John of Bavaria. The burgrave Filips of Wassenaar was stripped of his offices and rights and lived out his last years in captivity.
16th and 18th centuries
Leiden flourished in the 16th and 17th century. At the close of the 15th century the weaving establishments (mainly broadcloth) of Leiden were very important, and after the expulsion of the Spaniards Leiden cloth, Leiden baize and Leiden camlet were familiar terms. In the same period, Leiden developed an important printing and publishing industry. The influential printer Christoffel Plantijn lived there at one time. One of his pupils was Lodewijk Elzevir (1547–1617), who established the largest bookshop and printing works in Leiden, a business continued by his descendants through 1712 and the name subsequently adopted (in a variant spelling) by contemporary publisher Elsevier.In 1572, the city sided with the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule and played an important role in the Eighty Years' War. Besieged from May until October 1574 by the Spanish, Leiden was relieved by the cutting of the dikes, thus enabling ships to carry provisions to the inhabitants of the flooded town. As a reward for the heroic defence of the previous year, the University of Leiden was founded by William I of Orange in 1575. Yearly on 3 October, the end of the siege is still celebrated in Leiden. Tradition tells that the citizens were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes and chose the university. The siege is notable also for being the first instance in Europe of the issuance of paper money, with paper taken from prayer books being stamped using coin dies when silver ran out.
Leiden is also known as the place where the Pilgrims (as well as some of the first settlers of New Amsterdam) lived (and operated a printing press) for a time in the early 17th century before their departure to Massachusetts and New Amsterdam in the New World.
In the 17th century, Leiden prospered, in part because of the impetus to the textile industry by refugees from Flanders. While the city had lost about a third of its 15,000 citizens during the siege of 1574, it quickly recovered to 45,000 inhabitants in 1622, and may have come near to 70,000 circa 1670. During the Dutch Golden Era, Leiden was the second largest city of Holland, after Amsterdam.
From the late 17th century onwards Leiden slumped, mainly due to the decline of the cloth industries. In the beginning of the 19th century the baize manufacture was altogether given up, although industry remained central to Leiden economy. This decline is painted vividly by the fall in population. The population of Leiden had sunk to 30,000 between 1796 and 1811, and in 1904 was 56,044.
From the 17th to the early 19th century, Leiden was the publishing place of one of the most important contemporary journals, Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits, known also as Gazette de Leyde.
19th and 20th century
On 12 January 1807, a catastrophe struck the city when a boat loaded with 17,400 kg of gunpowder blew up in the middle of Leiden. 151 persons were killed, over 2000 were injured and some 220 homes were destroyed. King Louis Bonaparte personally visited the city to provide assistance to the victims. Although located in the center of the city, the area destroyed remained empty for many years. In 1886 the space was turned into a public park.In 1842, the railroad from Leiden to Haarlem was inaugurated and one year later the railway to Den Haag was completed, resulting in some social and economic improvement.
Leiden's reputation as the "city of books" continued through the 19th century with the establishment of publishing dynasties by Evert Jan Brill and Albertus Willem Sijthoff. Sijthoff, who rose to prominence in the trade of translated books, wrote a letter in 1899 to Queen Wilhelmina regarding his opposition to becoming a signatory to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. He felt that international copyright restrictions would stifle the Dutch publishing industry.
Leiden began to expand beyond its 17th century moats around 1896 and the number of citizens surpassed 50,000 in 1900. After 1920, new industries were established in the city, such as the canning and metal industries. During World War II, Leiden was hit hard by Allied bombardments. The areas surrounding the railway station and Marewijk were almost completely destroyed.
Leiden today
Today Leiden forms an important part of Dutch history. The end of the Spanish siege in 1574 is celebrated on 3 October by an annual parade, a day off, a fair and eating the traditional food of herring and white bread and hutspot. However, the most important piece of Dutch history contributed by Leiden was the Constitution of the Netherlands. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1798–1872) wrote the Dutch Constitution in April 1848 in his house at Garenmarkt 9 in Leiden.Leiden has important functions as a shopping and trade center for communities around the city. The University of Leiden is famous for its many developments including the famous Leyden jar, a capacitor made from a glass jar, invented in Leiden by Pieter van Musschenbroek in 1746. Another development was in cryogenics: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1913 Nobel prize winner in physics) liquefied helium for the first time (1908) and later managed to reach a temperature of less than one degree above the absolute minimum. Albert Einstein also spent some time at Leiden University during his early to middle career.
The city also houses the Eurotransplant, the international organization responsible for the mediation and allocation of organ donation procedures in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Slovenia. Leiden also houses the headquarters of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company N.V. (EADS), a global pan-European aerospace and defence corporation and a leading defence and military contractor worldwide. The group includes Airbus, the leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft worldwide.
Rivers, canals and parks
The two branches of the Old Rhine, which enter Leiden on the east, unite in the centre of the town. The town is further intersected by numerous small canals with tree-bordered quays. On the west side of the town, the Hortus Botanicus and other gardens extend along the old Singel, or outer canal. The Leidse Hout park, which contains a small deer park, lies on the northwest boarder with Oegstgeest. The Van der Werf Park is named after the mayor Pieter Adriaansz van der Werf, who defended the town against the Spaniards in 1574. The town was beleaguered for months and many died from famine. The open space for the park was formed by the accidental explosion of a ship loaded with gunpowder in 1807, which destroyed hundreds of houses, including that of the Elsevier family of printers.
Buildings of interest
Because of the economic decline from the 17th to the early 20th century , much of the 16th and 17th century town centre is still intact. It is reportedly the second largest 17th century town centre in the Netherlands, the largest being Amsterdam's town centre.
Fortifications
At the strategically important junction of the two arms of the Old Rhine stands the old castle De Burcht, a circular tower built on an earthen mound. The mound probably was a refuge against high water before a small wooden fortress was built on top of it in the 11th century. The citadel is a so-called motte-and-bailey castle. Of Leiden's old city gates only two are left, the Zijlpoort and the Morspoort, both dating from the end of the 17th century. Apart from one small watch tower on the Singel nothing is left of the town's city walls. Another former fortification is the Gravensteen. Built as a fortress in the 13th century it has since served as house, library and prison. Presently it is one of the University's buildings.
Churches
The chief of Leiden's numerous churches are the Hooglandse Kerk (or the church of St Pancras, built in the 15th century and containing a monument to Pieter Adriaansz van der Werf) and the Pieterskerk (church of St Peter (1315) with monuments to Scaliger, Boerhaave and other famous scholars. From a historical perspective the Marekerk is interesting too. Arent van 's Gravesande designed that church in 1639. Other fine examples of his work in Leiden are in the Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal (the municipal museum of fine arts), and the Bibliotheca Thysiana. The growing town needed another church and the Marekerk was the first church to be built in Leiden (and in Holland) after the Reformation. It is an example of Dutch Classicism. In the drawings by Van 's Gravesande the pulpit is the centrepiece of the church. The pulpit is modelled after the one in the Nieuwe Kerk at Haarlem (designed by Jacob van Campen). The building was first used in 1650, and is still in use.
University buildings
The town centre contains many buildings that are in use by the University of Leiden. The Academy Building is housed in a former 16th century convent. Among the institutions connected with the university are the national institution for East Indian languages, ethnology and geography; the botanical gardens, founded in 1587; the observatory (1860); the museum of antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden); and the ethnographical museum, of which P. F. von Siebold's Japanese collections was the nucleus (Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde). The Bibliotheca Thysiana occupies an old Renaissance building of the year 1655. It is especially rich in legal works and vernacular chronicles. Noteworthy are also the many special collections at Leiden University Library among which those of the Society of Dutch Literature (1766) and the collection of casts and engravings. In recent years the university has built the Bio Science Park at the city's outskirts to accommodate the Science departments.
Other buildings
Some other interesting buildings are the town hall (Stadhuis), a 16th century building that was badly damaged by a fire in 1929 but has its Renaissance façade designed by Lieven de Key still standing; the Gemeenlandshuis van Rijnland (1596, restored in 1878); De Waag (weigh house in Dutch), built by Pieter Post; the former court-house (Gerecht); a corn-grinding windmill, now home to a museum (Molen de Valk) (1743); the old gymnasium (Latijnse School) (1599) and the city carpenter's yard and wharf (Stadstimmerwerf) (1612), both built by Lieven de Key (c. 1560–1627). Another building of interest is the "pesthuis", which was built at that time just outside the city for curing patients suffering the bubonic plague. However, after it was built the feared disease did not occur in the Netherlands anymore so it was never used for its original purpose, it now serves as the entrance of Naturalis, one of the largest natural history museums in the world. Oudt Leyden, the so called oldest pancake house (pannekoekenhuis in Dutch) in the world is home to its famous large pancakes and Delft crockery, it's also known for serving the likes of Winston Churchill and the Dalai Lama.
Public transport
Bus lines
Connexxion Region West:
Railway
To plan a train journey follow the link
Leiden is on the planned route of the RijnGouweLijn, the Netherland's first Light rail project. Within Leiden its route would have been: Leiden Lammenschans - Lammenschansweg - Oranjeboomstraat - sint Jorissteeg - Watersteeg - Hooigracht - Pelikaanstraat - Klokpoort - Langegracht - Lammermarkt - Molenwerf - Schuttersveld - Station Leiden Centraal (stationsplein zijde) - Albinusdreef (LUMC) - Sandfortdreef - Zernikedreef (Hogeschool) - (Einsteinweg) - Van Beuningenlaan - Ehrenfestweg - Transferium A44. This project has, however been shelved for the foreseeable time.
Famous inhabitants
:See also People from Leiden The following is a selection of important Leidenaren throughout history:
Town twinning
Leiden's twin towns are: East London, South Africa Juigalpa, Nicaragua Krefeld, Germany Oxford, England (United Kingdom) Toruń, Poland
Miscellaneous
The coat of arms of Leiden is two red keys, crossed in an X-shape on a white background. These keys are those to the gates of heaven held by St.Peter, for whom a large church in the city center is named. Because of this coat of arms, Leiden is referred to as the "Sleutelstad" ("the key city").
See also
References
External links
Adjacent municipalities
Clockwise:
Category:Cities in the Netherlands Category:Populated places in South Holland Category:University towns in the Netherlands
af:Leiden ar:ليدن be:Горад Лейдэн br:Leiden bg:Лайден ca:Leiden cs:Leiden cy:Leiden da:Leiden de:Leiden (Stadt) et:Leiden el:Λέιντεν es:Leiden eo:Leiden eu:Leiden fa:لایدن fr:Leyde fy:Leien gl:Leiden ko:레이던 io:Leiden id:Leiden it:Leida he:ליידן jv:Leiden ka:ლეიდენი sw:Leiden la:Lugdunum Batavorum lb:Leiden lt:Leidenas li:Leie (sjtad) hu:Leiden arz:لايدين ms:Leiden nl:Leiden nds-nl:Leidn ja:ライデン no:Leiden nn:Leiden oc:Lèida (Olanda) pnb:لیدن pap:Leiden pl:Lejda pt:Leida ro:Leiden ru:Лейден simple:Leiden sk:Leiden sl:Leiden sr:Лајден sh:Leiden fi:Leiden sv:Leiden ta:லைடன் th:ไลเดิน tr:Leiden uk:Лейден vi:Leiden vo:Leiden war:Leiden yi:ליידן zh:莱顿This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
