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Ayyubid
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Ayyubid dynasty
The Ayyubids (Kurdish:ایوبیان, Eyûbiyan) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, centered in Cairo and Damascus that ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Ayyubid family, under the brothers Ayyub and Shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the Zengids until they gradually gained independence from them under Saladin, Ayyub's son. In 1171, Saladin proclaimed himself sultan of Egypt after dissolving the Fatimid Caliphate upon the death of al-Adid. The Ayyubids spent the next decade launching conquests throughout the region and by 1183, the Ayyubid state included Egypt, Syria, northern Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, and the North African coast up to the borders of modern-day Tunisia. Most of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, consisting of Palestine and Transjordan fell to the Ayyubids after their victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. However, the Crusaders regained control of Palestine's coastline in the 1190s.
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Saladin
Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Kurdish: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی, Selah'edînê Eyubî, , Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) (c. 1138 – March 4, 1193), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a KurdishA number of contemporary sources make note of this. The biographer Ibn Khallikan writes, "Historians agree in stating that [Saladin's] father and family belonged to Duwin [Dvin]....They were Kurds and belonged to the Rawādiya (sic), which is a branch of the great tribe al-Hadāniya": Minorsky (1953), p. 124. The medieval historian Ibn Athir relates a passage from another commander: "...both you and Saladin are Kurds and you will not let power pass into the hands of the Turks": Minorsky (1953), p. 138. Muslim, who became the first Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. As such, he is a notable figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture. Saladin was a strict adherent of Sunni Islam and a disciple of the Qadiri Sufi order. His chivalrous behavior was noted by Christian chroniclers, especially in the accounts of the siege of Kerak in Moab, and despite being the nemesis of the Crusaders he won the respect of many of them, including Richard the Lionheart; rather than becoming a hated figure in Europe, he became a celebrated example of the principles of chivalry.
http://wn.com/Saladin
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Aden (; , ) is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus. This harbour, Front Bay, was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC. The modern harbour is on the other side of the peninsula.
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'''Sana'a (Arabic: , ; also spelt Sanaa or Ṣan‘ā’''') is the capital of Yemen and the centre of San‘a’ Governorate. Sana'a is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. At an altitude of 2,300 meters, it is also one of the highest capital cities in the world. Sana'a has a population of 1,747,627 (2004 census), making it Yemen's largest city.
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'''Ta'izz''' () is a governorate of Yemen. The governorate's capital is Ta'izz, which is the third largest city in Yemen. Other major towns include Al Sawa, Juha and the famous coffee port of Mocha. It has a total population of just over three million and an area of 10,677km².
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Yemen (Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya al-Yamaniyya) is a country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. It has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the south, and Oman to the east.
http://wn.com/Yemen
- Al Rasheed Ta'izz
- Al-Ahli (Taizz)
- Al-Saqr
- Ashrafiya
- Ayyubid
- Ayyubid dynasty
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- Highland (geography)
- Hijri year
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- imam
- Jewish Sharab
- khat
- madrasa
- Mocha, Yemen
- mosque
- Muctabiya
- Mudhaffar Mosque
- Ottoman Empire
- Rasulid
- Red Sea
- Saladin
- Sana'a
- Ta'izz Governorate
- Turan-Shah
- university
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- Yemeni League
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- Aden
- Al Rasheed Ta'izz
- Al-Ahli (Taizz)
- Al-Saqr
- Ashrafiya
- Ayyubid
- Ayyubid dynasty
- coffee
- cotton
- Highland (geography)
- Hijri year
- Ibn Battutah
- imam
- Jewish Sharab
- khat
- madrasa
- Mocha, Yemen
- mosque
- Muctabiya
- Mudhaffar Mosque
- Ottoman Empire
- Rasulid
- Red Sea
- Saladin
- Sana'a
- Ta'izz Governorate
- Turan-Shah
- university
- Yemen
- Yemeni League
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Name | Ta'izz |
---|---|
Native name | |
Motto | |
Pushpin map | Yemen |
Pushpin label position | bottom |
Pushpin mapsize | 300 |
Pushpin map caption | Location in Yemen |
Coordinates region | YE |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | |
Subdivision type1 | Governorate |
Subdivision name1 | Ta'izz |
Leader title1 | |
Established title | |
Established date | |
Unit pref | Imperial |
Area total km2 | |
Area land km2 | |
Population as of | 2003 |
Population total | 460000 |
Population blank1 title | Ethnicities |
Population density blank1 sq mi | |
Timezone | Yemen Standard Time |
Utc offset | +3 |
Elevation footnotes | |
Elevation ft | |
Postal code type | |
Footnotes | }} |
Ta'izz (), or Taiz, is a city in the Yemeni Highlands, near the famous Mocha port on the Red Sea, lying at an elevation of about 1,400 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Ta'izz Governorate. The city had 460,000 inhabitants in 2003, making it the third largest city in Yemen following the capital Sana'a and the southern port of Aden.
Ta'izz has a dramatic setting where the roads run up and down the mountain sides. Above the city rises the 3,006 metres high Sabir Mountain. The city is famous for the ancient Jewish Sharab.
History
Overview
The name of the city appeared first at the 6th century of Hijra, 12th CE, when Turan Shah, the brother of Salah ad-Din, arrived in Yemen in the year 1173 CE. Ta'izz was refortified by Salah ad-Din’s brother, Taktakeen, the Ayyubid.The second Rasulid King, Almaddhafar (1288 CE), established Ta'izz as the second capital of the Rasulid Dynasty after Zabid. Ibn Battutah visited Taiz in the fourteenth century and described it as one of the largest and most beautiful cities of Yemen.
Ta'izz remained a walled city until 1948 when Imam Ahmed made it the second capital of Yemen, allowing for expansion beyond its fortified wall.
Chronology
1175: Ta'izz is made capital of Yemen as it was incorporated into dominions of the Ayyubid dynasty by Turan-Shah.1500 (approximately): The capital is moved to Sana'a by the ruler of the Taharid dynasty.
1516: Ta'izz comes under Ottoman control.
1918: The Ottomans lose Ta'iz to the new independent Yemen.
1948: Ta'izz becomes the administrative capital of Yemen, as it is made the residence of the imam.
1962: State administrations move back to Sana'a.
1960s: The first purified water system of Yemen is opened in Ta'izz
Geography
Climate
The weather in Taizz is fair and beautiful most of the time. The average daily temperature high during August is 30°C. Annual rainfall of Ta'izz may reach 760 mm to over 1,000 on Jabal Sabir per year.
Main sights
The city has many old and beautiful quarters, with houses that are typically built with brown bricks, and mosques are usually white. Most famous among the mosques are the Ashrafiya, the Muctabiya and the Mudhaffar. Also memorable are the old citadel and the governor's palace that rests on top of a mountain spur 450 metres above the city centre. Also it has one of the most famous mountains in Yemen which is Saber mountain (almost 3000m over sea), form this mountain you can see Taiz city from above it have a wonderful view specially at night or after rain. The city has a Muslim madrasa that has status as a university.
Economy
Since Ta'izz receives a lot of rain, its economy is mainly based on agriculture. The economic base of Ta'izz is coffee, grown in the surrounding landscape together with the mild narcotic qat and other vegetables. Among the city's own industries are cotton-weaving, tanning and production of jewellery. Ta'izz cheese is also renowned throughout Yemen.Ta'izz today is the largest industrial base in Yemen.
Transport
Ta'izz has many road connections with the rest of the country. The city is served by Ta'izz International Airport.
Sport
The city counts 3 football clubs participating to the Yemeni League: The most important is Al-Saqr, winner of 2 championships, the other are Al-Ahli and Al Rasheed.
External links
Category:Ta'izz Governorate Category:Populated places in Yemen
ar:تعز (محافظة) da:Ta'izz de:Taizz et:Ta‘izz es:Ta'izz eo:Taiz fa:تعز (استان) fr:Ta'izz ko:타이즈 hr:Taizz it:Ta'izz lt:Taizas nl:Ta'izz ja:タイズ pl:Ta'izz pt:Ta'izz ro:Ta'izz ru:Таиз sh:Taiz sv:Taiz tr:Taiz vi:Ta'izz war:TaizThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.