• 
  Adolf Hitler
  Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
  http://wn.com/Adolf_Hitler
• 
  Alfred von Tirpitz
  Alfred von Tirpitz (March 19, 1849 – March 6, 1930) was a German Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the Kaiserliche Marine from 1897 until 1916. He is considered to be the founder of the German Imperial navy.
  http://wn.com/Alfred_von_Tirpitz
• 
  Ante Trumbić
  Ante Trumbić (May 17, 1864 - November 17, 1938) was a Croatian politician in the early 20th century. He was one of the key politicians in the creation of a Yugoslav state.
  http://wn.com/Ante_Trumbić
• 
  Antonio Salandra
  Antonio Salandra (August 13, 1853, Troia, Province of Foggia – December 9, 1931) was a conservative Italian politician who served as the 33rd Prime Minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. He graduated from the University of Naples in 1875 and then became instructor and later professor of administrative law at the University of Rome.
  http://wn.com/Antonio_Salandra
• 
  Armando Diaz
  Armando Diaz, 1st Duca della Vittoria (December 5, 1861 – February 29, 1928) was an Italian general and a Marshal of Italy.
  http://wn.com/Armando_Diaz
• 
  Armenians
  Armenian people or Armenians (, hayer) are a nation and ethnic group native to the Caucasus and the Armenian Highland.
  http://wn.com/Armenians
• 
  Assyrian people
  The Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (frequently known as Assyrians, Syriacs, Syriac Christians, Suroye/Suryoye, Chaldeans, and other variants, see names of Syriac Christians) are an ethnic group whose origins lie in the Fertile Crescent. Today that ancient territory is part of several nations; the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people have been minorities under other ethnic groups' rule since the early Middle Ages. They have traditionally lived in northern Iraq, Syria, northwest Iran, and Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia. Many have migrated to the Caucasus, North America and Europe during the past century. The major sub-ethnic division is between an Eastern group ("Nestorians" and "Chaldean Christians") and a Western one ("Syrian Jacobites").
  http://wn.com/Assyrian_people
• 
  Benito Mussolini
  Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini KSMOM GCTE (29 July 1883, Predappio, Province of Forlì-Cesena - 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.
  http://wn.com/Benito_Mussolini
• 
  Bertrand Russell
  Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, socialist, pacifist, and social critic. He spent most of his life in England; he was born in Wales where he also died, aged 97.
  http://wn.com/Bertrand_Russell
• 
  Billy Hughes
  William Morris "Billy" Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952), Australian politician, was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923.
  http://wn.com/Billy_Hughes
• 
  Boghos Nubar
  Boghos Nubar also known as Boghos Nubar Pasha (1851-1930) was a Chairman of the Armenian National Assembly, liberal, the son of Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha and the founder, alongside ten other Armenian national movement leaders, of the Armenian General Benevolent Union on April 15, 1905.
  http://wn.com/Boghos_Nubar
• 
  Calvin Coolidge
  John Calvin Coolidge, Jr., (July 4, 1872 January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His actions during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight. Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative.
  http://wn.com/Calvin_Coolidge
• Cevat Çobanlı
  Cevat Pasha Çobanlı (1870 – 1938) military commander and Grand Vizier in the Ottoman Empire. He signed the Armistice of Mudros. He was one of the Malta exiles. His nephews and niece were Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı (the Fisherman of Halicarnassus/Halikarnas Balıkçısı) and painter Aliye Berger and Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid.
  http://wn.com/Cevat_Çobanlı
• 
  Chaim Weizmann
  Chaim Azriel Weizmann, , (27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Zionist leader, President of the Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was elected on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was also a chemist who developed the ABE-process, which produces acetone through bacterial fermentation. He founded the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.
  http://wn.com/Chaim_Weizmann
• 
  Charles I of Austria
  :"Karl I" redirects here. For the Prince of Liechtenstein, see Karl I of Liechtenstein.
  http://wn.com/Charles_I_of_Austria
• 
  Charles Mangin
  Charles Marie Emmanuel Mangin (6 July 1866, Sarrebourg, Moselle – 12 May 1925) was a French general during World War I. A graduate of Saint-Cyr, Mangin served in Sudan (under Jean-Baptiste Marchand) and in French North Africa. In 1910 he published La force noire,where he called for the use of French Colonial Forces in the event of a European war. During the war he rose from divisional command to that of the 10th Army for the Second Battle of the Marne commanding both French and American troops. Nicknamed "the Butcher" for his espousal of la guerre à outrance and his faith in the suitability of North African troops for the attack, there was no doubt in the French Army that Mangin was personally fearless.
  http://wn.com/Charles_Mangin
• 
  David Lloyd George
  David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British Liberal politician and statesman. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the head of a wartime coalition government between the years 1916-1922 and was the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1926-1931.
  http://wn.com/David_Lloyd_George
• Despina Storch
  http://wn.com/Despina_Storch
• 
  Drastamat Kanayan
  General Drastamat Kanayan ( (Drastamat Kanahyean), known as General Dro, Դրօ, May 31, 1884 March 8, 1956), was a politician, revolutionary, military commander of Hitler’s Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany, and part of Armenian national liberation movement as a member of the A.R.F. Dashnaktsuyun.
  http://wn.com/Drastamat_Kanayan
• Edmund Allenby
  http://wn.com/Edmund_Allenby
• Enver Pasha
  http://wn.com/Enver_Pasha
• 
  Erich Ludendorff
  Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (sometimes given incorrectly as von Ludendorff) (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German military officer, victor of Liège, and, with Paul von Hindenburg, one of the victors of the battle of Tannenberg. From August 1916 his appointment as Generalquartiermeister made him joint head (with von Hindenburg) of Germany's war effort. From this point on he ran Germany's war effort in World War I until his resignation in October 1918.
  http://wn.com/Erich_Ludendorff
• 
  Erich von Falkenhayn
  Erich von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was a German soldier and Chief of the General Staff during World War I. He became a military writer after World War One.
  http://wn.com/Erich_von_Falkenhayn
• 
  Ernst Haeckel
  Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (February 16, 1834 – August 9, 1919),
  http://wn.com/Ernst_Haeckel
• European Civil War
  The European Civil War is a term that is to characterise both World War I and World War II and the inter-war period as a protracted civil war taking place in Europe. It is used in referring to the repeated confrontations that occurred during the early 20th century. There is no firm consensus over the details and links, such as the level of international involvement in the Spanish Civil War and, occasionally, the Russian Civil War. The term is often used to explain the rapid decline of Europe's global hegemony and the emergence of the European Union. Dr. Franz-Willing argues that during this period: "By this self-mutilation, Europe lost its position in the world, its hegemony, and caused itself to be divided into two spheres of influence: one American, and one Russian".
  http://wn.com/European_Civil_War
• Fakhri Pasha
  Fakhri Pasha or Umar Fakhr ud-Din Pasha(Ömer Fahrettin Paşa) (1868 Rousse -1948 Istanbul) was the commander of Ottoman army and governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919.
  http://wn.com/Fakhri_Pasha
• 
  Ferdinand Foch
  Ferdinand Foch (pronounced "Fosh") OM GCB (2 October 1851 – 20 March 1929) was a French soldier, military theorist, and writer credited with possessing "the most original and subtle mind in the French army" in the early 20th century. He served as general in the French army during World War I and was made Marshal of France in its final year: 1918. Shortly after the start of the Spring Offensive, Germany's final attempt to win the war, Foch was chosen as supreme commander of the Allied armies, a position that he held until 11 November 1918, when he accepted the German request for an armistice. In 1923 he was made Marshal of Poland.
  http://wn.com/Ferdinand_Foch
• Franchet d'Esperey
  http://wn.com/Franchet_d'Esperey
• 
  Gabriele d'Annunzio
  '''Gabriele D'Annunzio or d'Annunzio (ennobled by the King of Italy in 1924 as Principe di Montenevoso'''; ; 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938) was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, dramatist, and daredevil. His role in politics is controversial due to his influence on the Italian Fascist movement and his status as the alleged forerunner of Benito Mussolini.
  http://wn.com/Gabriele_d'Annunzio
• 
  Gavrilo Princip
  Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, ; – ) was a Bosnian Serb who was a Yugoslav nationalist associated with the movement Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia). Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, succeeding where one of his co-conspirators had just failed. Princip and his accomplices were arrested and implicated a number of members of the Serbian military, leading Austria-Hungary to issue a démarche to Serbia known as the July Ultimatum. This set off a chain of events that led to World War I.
  http://wn.com/Gavrilo_Princip
• 
  Georges Clemenceau
  Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman, physician, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference in the aftermath of the war. He is commonly nicknamed "The Walrus" and "le Père-de-la-Victoire" (Father Victory) for his determination as a wartime leader.
  http://wn.com/Georges_Clemenceau
• Grand Duke Nicholas
  http://wn.com/Grand_Duke_Nicholas
• 
  Grigori Rasputin
  Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( ) ( – ) was a Russian mystic who is perceived as having influenced the latter days of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, and their only son Alexei. Rasputin had often been called the "Mad Monk", while others considered him a "strannik" (or religious pilgrim) and even a starets (, "elder", a title usually reserved for monk-confessors), believing him to be a psychic and faith healer.
  http://wn.com/Grigori_Rasputin
• 
  H. H. Asquith
  Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC, KC (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928) served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. He was the longest continuously serving Prime Minister in the twentieth century until early 1988.
  http://wn.com/H_H_Asquith
• 
  Henry Tonks
  Henry Tonks, FRCS (9 April 1862 – 8 January 1937) was an English surgeon, artist and art teacher.
  http://wn.com/Henry_Tonks
• Herbert Asquith
  http://wn.com/Herbert_Asquith
• Hew Strachan
  Professor Hew Francis Anthony Strachan, DL, FRSE, FRHS (born 1 September, 1949 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Scottish military historian, well known for his work on the administration of the British Army and the history of the First World War. He is a Brigadier and Member of Council of the Queen's Bodyguard for Scotland (Royal Company of Archers).
  http://wn.com/Hew_Strachan
• 
  Horace Smith-Dorrien
  General Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien GCB, GCMG, DSO, ADC (26 May 1858 – 12 August 1930) was a British soldier and commander of the British II Corps and Second Army of the BEF during the Great War.
  http://wn.com/Horace_Smith-Dorrien
• 
  Istria
  Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas, [http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg;=PA280&dq;=istria+croatia+slovenia+italy&hl;=cs&ei;=-B6VTO-GAcOU4Aak6MWGBA&sa;=X&oi;=book_result&ct;=result&resnum;=2&ved;=0CDQQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q;=istria%20croatia%20slovenia%20italy&f;=false A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe], Routledge, 1sr ed. (2002), ISBN 1857430638
  http://wn.com/Istria
• Italians
  http://wn.com/Italians
• 
  John Burns
  John Elliot Burns (20 October 1858 – 24 January 1943) was a British trade unionist and politician of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly associated with London politics. He was a socialist and then a Liberal Member of Parliament and Minister. He was anti-drink and a keen sportsman. After retiring from politics, he developed an expertise in London history and coined the phrase "The Thames is liquid history".
  http://wn.com/John_Burns
• 
  John J. Pershing
  John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB (Hon) (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was a general officer in the United States Army. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army—General of the Armies (a retroactive Congressional edict passed in 1976 promoted George Washington to the same rank but with higher seniority). Pershing also holds the first United States officer service number (O-1). Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, and was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton.
  http://wn.com/John_J_Pershing
• 
  John McCrae
  Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae (November 30, 1872 – January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during World War I and a surgeon during the battle of Ypres. He is best known for writing the famous war memorial poem "In Flanders Fields".
  http://wn.com/John_McCrae
• John Morley
  http://wn.com/John_Morley
• Julian Byng
  http://wn.com/Julian_Byng
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
  http://wn.com/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II
• 
  Karl Liebknecht
  (13 August 1871, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany – 15 January 1919, Berlin, Germany) was a German socialist and a co-founder with Rosa Luxemburg of the Spartacist League and the Communist Party of Germany. He is best known for his role in the Spartacist uprising of 1919. The uprising was crushed by the social democrat government and the Freikorps (WWI veterans defending the Weimar Republic) and Liebknecht and Luxemburg were killed.
  http://wn.com/Karl_Liebknecht
• Leonida Bissolati
  Leonida Bissolati (Cremona, February 20, 1857 -- Rome, March 6, 1920) was a leading exponent of the Italian socialist movement at the turn of the nineteenth century.
  http://wn.com/Leonida_Bissolati
• 
  Luigi Cadorna
  Luigi Cadorna GCB (September 4, 1850, Verbania, Piedmont – December 21, 1928) was an Italian
  http://wn.com/Luigi_Cadorna
• Max Arthur
  Max Arthur is an author who specialises in first-hand recollections of historical events. He has worked closely with the Imperial War Museum to bring together two books in the Forgotten Voices series, Forgotten Voices of the Great War and Forgotten Voices of the Second World War. Prior to becoming a writer, he served with the Royal Air Force and for some years was an actor.
  http://wn.com/Max_Arthur
• 
  Mehmed V
  Mehmed V Reshad (Ottoman Turkish: محمد خامس Meḥmed-i ẖâmis, or ) (2/3 November 1844 – 3/4 July 1918) was the 35th Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. His Mother was Valide Sultan Gülcemal, (Caucasus, 1826 - Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 16 November 1851), originally named Sofiya, an Albanian.
  http://wn.com/Mehmed_V
• 
  Movses Silikyan
  Movses Silikyan (), , Movses Silikov) (1862–1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero of World War I, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. He was arrested, charged and executed during Stalin's Great Purge of 1937 against military officers and countless other suspected enemies.
  http://wn.com/Movses_Silikyan
• 
  Muirhead Bone
  Sir Muirhead Bone (23 March 1876 – 21 October 1953) was a Scottish etcher, drypoint and watercolour artist.
  http://wn.com/Muirhead_Bone
• 
  Nikola Zhekov
  Nikola Todorov Zhekov (Bulgarian: Никола Тодоров Жеков; 1864 – 1949) was a Minister of War of Bulgaria in 1915 and served as Commander-in-Chief from 1915 to 1918 during World War I.
  http://wn.com/Nikola_Zhekov
• 
  Nikolai Yudenich
  Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich () (July 18 ,1862 (July 30, New Style ) – October 5, 1933), was a commander of the Russian Caucasus Army and one of the most successful generals of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was later a leader of the counterrevolution in Northwestern Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920.
  http://wn.com/Nikolai_Yudenich
• 
  Norman Angell
  Sir Ralph Norman Angell (26 December 1872 – 7 October 1967) was an English lecturer, journalist, author, and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party.
  http://wn.com/Norman_Angell
• 
  Oskar von Hutier
  Oskar von Hutier (27 August 1857 – 5 December 1934) was one of Germany's most successful and innovative generals of World War I.
  http://wn.com/Oskar_von_Hutier
• 
  Otto von Bismarck
  Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a Prussian/German statesman of the late 19th century, and a dominant figure in world affairs. As Ministerpräsident, or Prime Minister, of Prussia from 1862–1890, he oversaw the unification of Germany. In 1867 he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. He designed the German Empire in 1871, becoming its first Chancellor and dominating its affairs until his dismissal in 1890. His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname "The Iron Chancellor".
  http://wn.com/Otto_von_Bismarck
• 
  Ottoman Empire
  The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
  http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire
• 
  Paolo Boselli
  Paolo Boselli (June 8, 1838 – March 10, 1932) was an Italian politician who served as the 34th Prime Minister of Italy during World War I.
  http://wn.com/Paolo_Boselli
• 
  Paul Nash (artist)
  Paul Nash (11 May, 1889 – 11 July, 1946) was an English landscape painter, surrealist and war artist, and the older brother of the artist John Nash. He is widely considered one of the most important English artists of the first half of the twentieth century.
  http://wn.com/Paul_Nash_(artist)
• 
  Paul von Hindenburg
  Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (), known universally as Paul von Hindenburg (; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934.
  http://wn.com/Paul_von_Hindenburg
• 
  Philipp Scheidemann
  Philipp Scheidemann (26 July 1865 Kassel – 29 November 1939 Copenhagen) was a German Social Democratic politician, who proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, and who became the second Chancellor of the Weimar Republic.
  http://wn.com/Philipp_Scheidemann
• 
  Philippe Pétain
  Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (; 24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France ''(Chef de l'État Français)'', from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.
  http://wn.com/Philippe_Pétain
• 
  Poles
  The Polish people, or Poles ( , singular Polak) are the inhabitants of Poland and Polish emigrants irrespective of their ancestry. Their religion is predominantly Roman Catholic. As a nation, they are bounded by the Polish language, which belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of west slavic languages of Central Europe. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Western and Eastern Europe, the Americas and Australia. Polish citizens live predominantly in Poland.
  http://wn.com/Poles
• 
  Pontic Greeks
  The Pontian Greeks (also called Pontic Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus; or , ) are an ethnic group consisting of Greeks from the shores of the Black Sea (or Pontos in Greek, also see:Pontus). They traditionally speak Pontic, a distinct form of the Greek language which, due to the remoteness of Pontus, has had a process of linguistic evolution different from that of the rest of the Greek world.
  http://wn.com/Pontic_Greeks
• 
  R. J. Rummel
  Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii. He has spent his career assembling data on collective violence and war with a view toward helping their resolution or elimination. Rummel coined the term democide for murder by government, his research claiming that six times as many people died of democide during the 20th century than in all that century's wars combined. He concludes that democracy is the form of government least likely to kill its citizens and that democracies do not wage war against each other (see Democratic peace theory).
  http://wn.com/R_J_Rummel
• 
  Ramsay MacDonald
  James Ramsay MacDonald (12 October 1866 – 9 November 1937) was a British Labour politician, who served two separate terms as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He rose from humble origins to become the first ever British Labour Prime Minister in 1924.
  http://wn.com/Ramsay_MacDonald
• 
  Raymond Poincaré
  Raymond Poincaré (; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French conservative statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920.
  http://wn.com/Raymond_Poincaré
• 
  Reinhard Scheer
  Reinhard Scheer (30 September 1863 – 26 November 1928) was an Admiral in the German Kaiserliche Marine. Scheer joined the navy in 1879 as an officer cadet; he progressed through the ranks, commanding cruisers and battleships, as well as major staff positions on land. At the outbreak of World War I, Scheer was the commander of the II Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet. He then took command of the III Battle Squadron, which consisted of the newest and most powerful battleships in the navy. In January 1916, he was promoted to Admiral and given control of the High Seas Fleet. Scheer led the German fleet at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916, one of the largest naval battles in history.
  http://wn.com/Reinhard_Scheer
• 
  Richard von Kühlmann
  Richard von Kühlmann (May 3, 1873-February 16, 1948) was a German diplomat and industrialist. From 6 August 1917 to 9 July 1918, he served as Germany's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
  http://wn.com/Richard_von_Kühlmann
• 
  Robert Borden
  :Not to be confused with his cousin Frederick Borden, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence from 1896 to 1911.
  http://wn.com/Robert_Borden
• 
  Robert Nivelle
  Robert Georges Nivelle (15 October 1856 – 22 March 1924) was a French artillery officer who served in the Boxer Rebellion, and the First World War. He took command of one of the main French armies engaged in the Battle of Verdun, leading it during its successful counter-offensives against the Germans, but was accused of wasting French lives during some of his attacks. He became Commander-in-Chief of the French armies on the Western Front in December 1916, and was criticised in that capacity for not exploiting good opportunities to attack the Germans. He was responsible for the Nivelle Offensive, which faced a very large degree of opposition during its planning stage. When the offensive failed to achieve a breakthrough on the Western Front, Nivelle was replaced as Commander-in-Chief in May 1917.
  http://wn.com/Robert_Nivelle
• 
  Russian Civil War
  The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and subsequently gained control throughout Russia.
  http://wn.com/Russian_Civil_War
• Senussi
  The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi. Senussi was concerned with both the decline of Islamic thought and spirituality and the weakening of Muslim political integrity. He was influenced by the Salafi movement, to which he added teachings from various Sufi orders. From 1902 to 1913 the Senussi fought French expansion in the Sahara, and the Italian colonisation of Libya beginning in 1911. The Grand Senussi's grandson became King Idris I of Libya in 1951. In 1969, King Idris I was overthrown by a military coup led by Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi. A third of the population in Libya continue to be affiliated with the Senussi movement.
  http://wn.com/Senussi
• 
  Shandong
  For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people
  http://wn.com/Shandong
• Sherif Hussein
  http://wn.com/Sherif_Hussein
• Sir Arthur Currie
  http://wn.com/Sir_Arthur_Currie
• Sir Edward Grey
  http://wn.com/Sir_Edward_Grey
• 
  Theodore Roosevelt
  Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) His last name is, according to Roosevelt himself, "pronounced as if it was spelled 'Rosavelt.' That is in three syllables. The first syllable as if it was 'Rose.'" ; An [http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/record.cfm?recordid=509 Audio recording] in which Roosevelt pronounces his own last name distinctly. To listen at the correct speed, slow the recording down by 20%. Retrieved on July 12, 2007. ) was the 26th President of the United States. He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President (1901–1909) he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level of government. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician.
  http://wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt
• Tovmas Nazarbekian
  Tovmas Nazarbekian (Nazarbekov), (b. 1855 Tbilisi – d. 1931 Tbilisi), was an Armenian general in the Russian Caucasus Army that appointed as the governor of the Administration for Western Armenia and later promoted to Commander-in-chief of Democratic Republic of Armenia.
  http://wn.com/Tovmas_Nazarbekian
• 
  Vasil Radoslavov
  Vasil Radoslavov () (27 July 1854 - 21 October 1929) was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician who twice served as Prime Minister. He was Premier of the country throughout most of World War I.
  http://wn.com/Vasil_Radoslavov
• 
  Vladimir Lenin
  Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.
  http://wn.com/Vladimir_Lenin
• 
  Volga Germans
  The Volga Germans ( or Russlanddeutsche, , Povolzhskie nemtsy) were ethnic Germans living along the River Volga in the region of southern European Russia around Saratov and to the south. They maintained German culture, language, traditions and churches: Lutherans, Reformed, Roman Catholics, and Mennonites. Many Volga Germans emigrated to the Midwestern United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and other countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During World War II, many died in Soviet labour camps. In the late 20th century, many of the remaining ethnic Germans moved to Germany.
  http://wn.com/Volga_Germans
• Wilfred Owen
  Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 – 4 November 1918) was a British poet and soldier in the first world war, and one of the leading poets of the First World War. His shocking, realistic war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was heavily influenced by his friend Siegfried Sassoon and sat in stark contrast to both the public perception of war at the time, and to the confidently patriotic verse written earlier by war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Some of his best-known works—most of which were published posthumously—include "Dulce et Decorum Est", "Insensibility", "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "" and "". His preface intended for a book of poems to be published in 1919 contains numerous well-known phrases, especially "War, and the pity of War", and "the Poetry is in the pity".
  http://wn.com/Wilfred_Owen
• 
  Woodrow Wilson
  Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States. A leader of the Progressive Era, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. With Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft dividing the Republican Party vote, Wilson was elected President as a Democrat in 1912.
  http://wn.com/Woodrow_Wilson
• 
  World War I
  World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
  http://wn.com/World_War_I
• 
  Yugoslavs
  Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslaveni Cyrillic script: Југословени; Slovene: Jugoslovani; Macedonian: Jugosloveni) is a national designation used by a small minority of South Slavs across the countries of Former Yugoslavia and in diaspora.
  http://wn.com/Yugoslavs

• 
  Albania
  Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
  http://wn.com/Albania
• 
  Alsace-Lorraine
  Alsace-Lorraine (, generally Elsass-Lothringen) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after the annexation of most of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War. The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River and east of the Vosges Mountains. The Lorraine section was in the upper Moselle valley to the north of the Vosges Mountains.
  http://wn.com/Alsace-Lorraine
• 
  Amman
  Amman (; , ʿAmmān) is the capital and largest city of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. A city of about 2 million inhabitants (2008 estimate), it is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Amman is the administrative seat of the homonymous governorate.
  http://wn.com/Amman
• 
  Anatolia
  Anatolia (, from Greek '; also Asia Minor, from , ') is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the archeologically richest areas in the world.
  http://wn.com/Anatolia
• 
  Arkhangelsk
  Arkhangelsk (), or Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the far north of European Russia. City districts spread for over along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval Russia. It is served by Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. The city is located at the end of a long railroad, connecting it to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl. Population:
  http://wn.com/Arkhangelsk
• 
  Asiago
  Asiago (Cimbrian: Slege, German: Schlägen) is the name of both a minor township (population roughly 6,500) and the surrounding plateau region (the Altopiano di Asiago or Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Asiago plateau) in the Province of Vicenza in the Veneto region of Northeastern Italy. It is near the border between the Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions in the foothills of the Alps, and about equidistant (100 km) from the major cities of Trento to the west and Vicenza to the south.
  http://wn.com/Asiago
• 
  Baghdad
  Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
  http://wn.com/Baghdad
• 
  Baku
  Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
  http://wn.com/Baku
• 
  Baltic states
  The Baltic states (, , , Russian: Прибалтика (Pribaltika) lit. "At the Baltic Sea"), Baltic nations or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the European Union: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Between 1918 and 1920 in the aftermath of World War I, following centuries of foreign domination, the Baltic countries were established as independent nations. For a relatively-short time following 1918, Finland was considered to be one of the Baltic States - since it too had emerged from Russian domination along with the other three countries under similar circumstances. Today however, Finland is more often grouped within the Nordic countries.
  http://wn.com/Baltic_states
• 
  Battle of Asiago
  The Battle of Asiago (Battle of the Plateaux) or the Trentino Offensive (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), nicknamed Strafexpedition ("Punitive expedition") by the Austrians, was a counteroffensive launched by the Austro-Hungarians on the Italian Front on May 15, 1916, during World War I. It was an unexpected attack that took place near Asiago in the province of Vicenza (now in northeast Italy, then on the Italian side of the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916).
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Asiago
• 
  Battle of Caporetto
  The Battle of Caporetto (also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo or the Battle of Karfreit as it was known by the Central Powers; ), took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of Kobarid (now in Slovenia), on the Austro-Italian front of World War I. The battle was named after the Italian name of the town of Kobarid (known as Karfreit in German).
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Caporetto
• 
  Battle of Coronel
  The World War I naval Battle of Coronel took place on 1 November 1914 off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. German Kaiserliche Marine forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee met and defeated a Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock.
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Coronel
• 
  Battle of Doiran
  The third Battle of Doiran was fought from 18 September to 19 September 1918, with the Greeks and the British assaulting the positions of the Bulgarian First Army near Dojran Lake. The battle was part of World War I and took place in the Balkan Theatre. The battle ended with Bulgarians repulsing all attacks, but then retreating.
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Doiran
• 
  Battle of Jutland
  The Battle of Jutland (; ) was the largest naval battle of World War I, and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war. It was the third major fleet action between steel battleships, following the battles of the Yellow Sea and Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War.
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Jutland
• 
  Battle of Verdun
  The Battle of Verdun (, , ) was one of the major battles during the First World War on the Western Front. It was fought between the German and French armies, from 21 February to 18 December 1916, on hilly terrain north of the city of Verdun-sur-Meuse in north-eastern France. The Battle of Verdun ended in a French victory since the German High Command failed to achieve its two strategic objectives: the capture of the city of Verdun and a much higher casualty count inflicted on the French adversary.
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Verdun
• 
  Battle of Vimy Ridge
  The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military engagement fought primarily as part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the Canadian Corps against three divisions of the German Sixth Army. The battle, which took place from 9 April to 12 April 1917, was part of the opening phase of the British-led Battle of Arras, a diversionary attack for the French Nivelle Offensive.
  http://wn.com/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge
• 
  Belgium
  Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
  http://wn.com/Belgium
• 
  Belgrade
  Belgrade (Serbian: Београд, Beograd - ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. With a population of 1,630,000 (official estimate 2007), Belgrade is the fourth largest city in Southeastern Europe, after Istanbul, Athens and Bucharest. Its name in Serbian translates to White city.
  http://wn.com/Belgrade
• 
  Bermuda
  Bermuda (; officially, the Bermudas or Somers Islands) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida. Its capital city is Hamilton but the largest municipality is the town of Saint George's.
  http://wn.com/Bermuda
• 
  Bessarabia
  :For other uses, see Bessarabia (disambiguation).
  http://wn.com/Bessarabia
• 
  Bitola
  Bitola (, ; formerly Monastir or Manastır; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba and Nidže mountains, 14 km north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It was known during the Ottoman period as "the city of the consuls", since many European countries had consulates in Bitola. According to some sources, Bitola is the second largest town in the country, and to others the third. Bitola is also the centre of the Bitola Municipality.
  http://wn.com/Bitola
• 
  British Empire
  The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
  http://wn.com/British_Empire
• 
  Bucharest
  Bucharest ( ) is the capital city, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River.
  http://wn.com/Bucharest
• 
  Budapest
  Budapest (, also , ; ; ) is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2010, Budapest had 1,721,556 inhabitants, down from 1980 peak of 2.06 million. The Budapest Commuter Area is home to 3,271,110 people. The city covers an area of within the city limits. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of right (west)-bank Buda and Óbuda with left (east)-bank Pest.
  http://wn.com/Budapest
• 
  Bulgaria
  Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
  http://wn.com/Bulgaria
• 
  Canada
  Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
  http://wn.com/Canada
• 
  Canadian War Museum
  The Canadian War Museum (CWM) () is Canada’s national museum of military history. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the museum covers all facets of Canada’s military past, from the first recorded instances of death by armed violence in Canadian history several thousand years ago to the country’s most recent involvement in conflicts. It includes major permanent exhibitions on wars that have been fought on Canadian soil, the total wars of the twentieth century, the Cold War and peace support operations abroad, and Canada’s history of honouring and remembrance. There is also an open storage area displaying large objects from the Museum’s collection, from naval guns to tanks, from motorcycles to jet aircraft. The exhibits depict Canada’s military past in its personal, national and international dimensions, with special emphasis on the human experience of war and the manner in which war has affected, and been affected by, Canadians’ participation.
  http://wn.com/Canadian_War_Museum
• 
  Canal du Nord
  The Canal du Nord is a long canal in northern France. The canal connects the Canal latéral à l'Oise at Pont-l'Évêque to the Sensée Canal at Arleux. The French government, in partnership with coal-mining companies in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais regions, developed the canal to help French coal mining companies withstand foreign competition. Construction of the canal began in 1908 but halted in 1914, because of the First World War. The war caused widespread destruction of the canal and the French government made no attempt to resume construction until 1959. Construction recommenced in 1960 and the waterway opened to the public in 1965. The Canal du Nord and the Canal de Saint-Quentin will soon be supplanted by the Seine-Nord Europe Canal, a projected high capacity link between the Oise River at Janville and the high capacity Dunkirk-Escaut Canal.
  http://wn.com/Canal_du_Nord
• 
  Carpathian Mountains
  The Carpathian Mountains or the Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains, ). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
  http://wn.com/Carpathian_Mountains
• 
  Caucasus
  The Caucasus or Caucas (also referred to as Caucasia, , , , (''K'avk'asia''), , , , , , , ) is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain (Mount Elbrus).
  http://wn.com/Caucasus
• 
  Cobh
  Cobh () is a seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. The locality, which had had several different Irish-language names, was first referred to as Cove ("The Cove of Cork") in 1750. It was renamed Queenstown in 1849 to commemorate a visit by Queen Victoria and so remained until the name Cobh (closer to the Irish spelling) was restored in 1922 with the foundation of the Irish Free State.
  http://wn.com/Cobh
• 
  Constantinople
  Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
  http://wn.com/Constantinople
• 
  Croatia
  Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
  http://wn.com/Croatia
• Czechoslovak
  http://wn.com/Czechoslovak
• 
  Czechoslovakia
  Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945 the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
  http://wn.com/Czechoslovakia
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  Dalmatia
  Dalmatia (, see names in other languages) is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It spreads between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south. Dalmatia today lies mostly in Croatia, also with smaller parts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Neum Municipality) and Montenegro (around the Bay of Kotor). The Dalmatian dog received its name from Dalmatia.
  http://wn.com/Dalmatia
• 
  Damascus
  Damascus ( , commonly known as الشام ash-Shām also known as the "City of Jasmin" ) is the capital of Syria as well as one of the country's 14 governorates. The Damascus Governorate is ruled by a governor appointed by the Minister of Interior. In addition to being widely known as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant.
  http://wn.com/Damascus
• Daraa
  Daraa (), also Darʿā, , Deraa, Dera ("fortress", compare Dura-Europos) and Derʿā, is a city in southwestern Syria, near the border with Jordan. It is the capital of Daraa Governorate, known throughout history as the Hauran region. The city is located about 100 km south of Damascus.
  http://wn.com/Daraa
• 
  Drina
  The Drina (Serbian: Дрина) is a 346 kilometer long river, which forms most of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed. Its name is derived from the Latin name of the river () which in turn is derived from Greek (Ancient Greek: ).
  http://wn.com/Drina
• 
  East Prussia
  East Prussia (, pronounced ; ; or Rytprūsiai; or Vostochnaya Prussiya) is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.
  http://wn.com/East_Prussia
• 
  Egypt
  Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
  http://wn.com/Egypt
• 
  English Channel
  The English Channel (, the "sleeve") is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some .
  http://wn.com/English_Channel
• 
  Finland
  Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
  http://wn.com/Finland
• First Battle of Gaza
  The First Battle of Gaza was a World War I battle on the southern border of Palestine. After eight months of painstaking advances, British Empire forces had succeeded in driving the Turkish forces from the Sinai Peninsula where they had been attempting to menace the Allied supply route through the Suez Canal. Now the Allies were trying to advance into Palestine with the ultimate goal of cutting off the Turkish forces in Mesopotamia and on the Arabian Peninsula. As a first step, they needed to capture the stronghold of Gaza which dominated the southern coastal route into Palestine.
  http://wn.com/First_Battle_of_Gaza
• 
  Flanders
  Flanders (Dutch: , ) is the (political) community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied.
  http://wn.com/Flanders
• 
  Forest of Argonne
  The Forest of Argonne forms a long strip of rocky mountain and wild woodland in north-eastern France.
  http://wn.com/Forest_of_Argonne
• 
  France
  {{Infobox Country
  http://wn.com/France
• 
  Georgia (country)
  Georgia (, sak’art’velo ; ) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is more than 4.6 million. Georgia's constitution is that of a representative democracy, organized as a unitary, semi-presidential republic. It is currently a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Community of Democratic Choice, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, and the Asian Development Bank. The country aspires to join NATO and the European Union.
  http://wn.com/Georgia_(country)
• 
  German Empire
  The German Empire (, called by some German historians as Kaiserlich Deutsches Reich or Kaiserreich) refers to Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871 to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of Wilhelm II (28 November 1918). Deutsches Reich remained the official name of Germany throughout the Weimar period and most of the Nazi period until 1943, when it was changed to Großdeutsches Reich ("Great German Empire").
  http://wn.com/German_Empire
• 
  Gnjilane
  Gnjilane or Gjilan ( or Gjilan; , Gnjilane; ) is a city and municipality in eastern Kosovo. It is the administrative center of the District of Gnjilane. It is famous for having been recorded the lowest temperature in Kosovo with on 25 January 1963.
  http://wn.com/Gnjilane
• 
  Gorizia
  Gorizia (, , ) is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin town of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of the Italian-Slovenian border. Both towns constitute a conurbation, which also includes the Slovenian municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba.
  http://wn.com/Gorizia
• 
  Harbin
  Harbin (; ; Russian ), is a sub-provincial city and the capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. It lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River. Harbin is the tenth largest city in China (pop. 9.87 million), serving as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications hub in Northeastern China.
  http://wn.com/Harbin
• 
  Hungary
  Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
  http://wn.com/Hungary
• 
  Ireland
  Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
  http://wn.com/Ireland
• 
  Israel
  Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
  http://wn.com/Israel
• 
  Istria
  Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas, [http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg;=PA280&dq;=istria+croatia+slovenia+italy&hl;=cs&ei;=-B6VTO-GAcOU4Aak6MWGBA&sa;=X&oi;=book_result&ct;=result&resnum;=2&ved;=0CDQQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q;=istria%20croatia%20slovenia%20italy&f;=false A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe], Routledge, 1sr ed. (2002), ISBN 1857430638
  http://wn.com/Istria
• 
  Jenin
  Jenin ({{lang-ar|; ), is a third largest Palestinian city in west bank located in the northern West Bank. It serves as the administrative center of the Jenin Governorate and is a major agricultural center for the surrounding towns. In 2007, the city had a population of 39,004 not including the adjacent refugee camp (also named Jenin) with 10,371 residents. Jenin is designated under the administration of the Palestinian Authority.
  http://wn.com/Jenin
• 
  Jerusalem
  Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
  http://wn.com/Jerusalem
• 
  Jezreel Valley
  :For the ancient, Biblical city, see Jezreel (city)
  http://wn.com/Jezreel_Valley
• 
  Jordan River
  {{Geobox|River
  http://wn.com/Jordan_River
• 
  Kingdom of Bulgaria
  The Kingdom (Tsardom) of Bulgaria () was established on October 5, 1908 (September 22 O.S.) when the Principality of Bulgaria officially proclaimed itself independent from the Ottoman Empire and was elevated to the style of kingdom. This move also formalised the annexation of the Ottoman province of Eastern Rumelia, which had been under Bulgarian control since 1885. In 1946 the monarchy was abolished, its final Tsar was sent into exile and the kingdom was replaced by a People's Republic. Although rarely, it is sometimes referred to as the Third Bulgarian Empire, as in the Middle Ages the term Tsardom meant an Empire. However, the Third Bulgarian state was internationally recognized as a Kingdom.
  http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria
• 
  Kingdom of Hungary
  The Kingdom of Hungary emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary. During most of its history, it was a considerable state in Central Europe, including, besides Hungary proper and Transylvania, Croatia-Slavonia and a territory known as the Military Frontier.Aldásy, Antal. "Hungary", The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 17 April 2009 .
  http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_Hungary
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  Kingdom of Serbia
  The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karadjordjevic dynasty from 1817 onwards (at times replaced by the Obrenovic dynasty). The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, securing its de facto independence. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia.
  http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_Serbia
• Kingsland Explosion
  The Kingsland Explosion was an incident that took place during World War I at a munitions factory in New Jersey.
  http://wn.com/Kingsland_Explosion
• 
  Latvia
  Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
  http://wn.com/Latvia
• 
  Lithuania
  Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
  http://wn.com/Lithuania
• 
  Ljubljana
  Ljubljana (; , , ) is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 280,000 inhabitants. Throughout its history, it has been influenced by its geographic position at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures.
  http://wn.com/Ljubljana
• 
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
  http://wn.com/Luxembourg
• 
  Mecca
  Mecca (), also spelled Makkah (occasionally 'Bakkah') (; Makkah and in full: transliterated Makkah Al Mukarramah ) is a city in Saudi Arabia, and the holiest meeting site in Islam, closely followed by Medina.
  http://wn.com/Mecca
• 
  Medina
  Medina (; , , or المدينة ; also transliterated as Madinah; officially al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah (the radiant city)) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and it is historically significant for being his home after the Hijrah.
  http://wn.com/Medina
• 
  Mexico
  Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
  http://wn.com/Mexico
• Milan
  Milan (, ; Western Lombard: Milan, ) is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,310,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of . The Milan metropolitan area, by far the largest in Italy, is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 7,400,000.
  http://wn.com/Milan
• Mont Saint-Quentin
  http://wn.com/Mont_Saint-Quentin
• 
  Montenegro
  Montenegro ( or ; Montenegrin: Crna Gora, Црна Гора, , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
  http://wn.com/Montenegro
• Nablus
  Nablus (sometimes Nābulus; ; ; , Šəḫem) (Biblical Shechem) is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 126,132. Located in a strategic position between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center.
  http://wn.com/Nablus
• 
  Nazareth
  Nazareth (; , Natzrat or Natzeret; al-Nāṣira or al-Naseriyye) is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is predominantly made up of Arab citizens of Israel. In the New Testament, the city is described as the childhood home of Jesus, and as such is a center of Christian pilgrimage, with many shrines commemorating biblical events. The name "Nazareth" may derive from the Hebrew verb na·tsar, נָצַר, meaning "watch, guard, keep."
  http://wn.com/Nazareth
• 
  New Britain
  New Britain, or Niu Briten, is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago (named after Otto von Bismarck) of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from the island of New Guinea by the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits and from New Ireland by the St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.
  http://wn.com/New_Britain
• 
  Oakland, California
  Oakland () is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California. It is a major West Coast port, located on San Francisco Bay, about 8 miles (13 km) east of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county seat of Alameda County. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates for 2010, Oakland is the 41st-largest city in the USA with a population of 446,901.
  http://wn.com/Oakland_California
• 
  Ontario
  Ontario is a Province of Canada located in the east-central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area, (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger in area, but they are not provinces.) The province's largest metropolitan area and Canada's most populous city, Toronto, is the capital city of Ontario. The national capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located in Ontario as well.
  http://wn.com/Ontario
• 
  Padua
  Padua ( , , Latin: Patavium, ) is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 (). The city is sometimes included, with Venice (Italian Venezia), in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area, having a population of c. 1,600,000.
  http://wn.com/Padua
• 
  Poland
  Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
  http://wn.com/Poland
• 
  Qingdao
  (; ) also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city in eastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southeast. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao today is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial center. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The character (qīng) in Chinese means "green" or "lush", while the character (dǎo) means "island". Qingdao is administratively at the sub-provincial level. In 2008, Qingdao was named China's 7th-most livable city.
  http://wn.com/Qingdao
• 
  Quebec
  Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
  http://wn.com/Quebec
• Republic of Turkey
  http://wn.com/Republic_of_Turkey
• 
  Romania
  Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
  http://wn.com/Romania
• 
  Saint Petersburg
  Saint Petersburg () is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city's other names were Petrograd (, 1914–1924) and Leningrad (, 1924–1991). It is often called just Petersburg () and is informally known as Piter ().
  http://wn.com/Saint_Petersburg
• 
  Salisbury Plain
  Salisbury Plain is a chalk plateau in central southern England covering . It is part of the Southern England Chalk Formation and largely lies within the county of Wiltshire, with a little in Hampshire. The plain is famous for its rich archaeology, including Stonehenge, one of England's best known landmarks. Largely as a result of the establishment of the Army Training Estate Salisbury Plain (ATE SP), the plain is sparsely populated and is the largest remaining area of calcareous grassland in north-west Europe. Additionally the plain has arable land, and a few small areas of beech trees and coniferous woodland.
  http://wn.com/Salisbury_Plain
• 
  Sarajevo
  Sarajevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 305,242 people in the four municipalities that make up the city proper, and a metro area population of 423,645 people in the Sarajevo Canton . It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton. Sarajevo is located in the Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated around the Miljacka river.
  http://wn.com/Sarajevo
• 
  Scapa Flow
  Scapa Flow (Old Norse: Skalpaflói) is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray, South Ronaldsay and Hoy. At with a sandy bottom and relatively shallow (not deeper than and most of it about deep), it is one of the great natural harbours/anchorages of the world, with sufficient space to hold a number of navies. Viking ships anchored in Scapa Flow more than 1000 years ago, but it is best known as the site of the United Kingdom's chief naval base during World War I and World War II. The base was closed in 1956.
  http://wn.com/Scapa_Flow
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  Shandong
  For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people
  http://wn.com/Shandong
• Sinai
  http://wn.com/Sinai
• 
  Sinai Peninsula
  The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai; ''sīnā'a''; Hebrew סיני) is a triangular peninsula in Egypt which is about . It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Red Sea to the south, and is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia as opposed to Africa. In addition to its formal name, Egyptians also refer to it affectionately as the "Land of Fayrouz", based on the Ancient Egyptian "Dumafkat", which has the same meaning. The peninsula is divided into two Egyptian governorates, and has a population of approximately 1.3 million people.
  http://wn.com/Sinai_Peninsula
• 
  Slovenia
  Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
  http://wn.com/Slovenia
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  South Morava
  South Morava (Serbian Јужна Морава, Južna Morava; Macedonian Јужна Морава) is a river in the Republic of Macedonia and Serbia which represents the shorter headwater of Great Morava. Today, it is 295 km long, flowing generally in the south to north direction, from Macedonian border through Kosovo to Central Serbia, where it meets West Morava at Stalać, to create Great Morava.
  http://wn.com/South_Morava
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  Soviet Union
  The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
  http://wn.com/Soviet_Union
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  Soča
  The Soča (in Slovene) or Isonzo (in Italian) (other names , archaic , ) is a 140 km long river that flows through western Slovenia and northeast Italy. An Alpine river in character, its source lies in the Trenta Valley in the Julian Alps in Slovenia, at an elevation of around 1,100 metres. The river runs past Slovenia's highest peak, Triglav (2,864 m) before heading south past the towns of Bovec, Kobarid, Tolmin, Kanal ob Soči, Nova Gorica (where it is crossed by the Solkan Bridge) and Gorizia, entering the Adriatic Sea close to the Italian town of Monfalcone.
  http://wn.com/Soča
• SS
  http://wn.com/SS
• 
  Suez Canal
  The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, north of the half-way point.
  http://wn.com/Suez_Canal
• 
  Thuringia
  The Free State of Thuringia (, ) is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country. It is known as the "[http://www.eu2007.de/de/Germany/Bundeslaender/Thueringen/province.html green heart of Germany]", due to the dense forest that covers the terrain. It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states. The capital is Erfurt.
  http://wn.com/Thuringia
• 
  Tiberias
  Tiberias (; , Tverya ; , ) is a city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, Lower Galilee, Israel. Established in 20 CE, it was named in honour of the emperor Tiberius. Since the 16th century, Tiberias has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed. In the 2nd-10th centuries, Tiberias was the largest Jewish city in the Galilee, and the political and religious hub of the Jews of Palestine. According to Christian tradition, Jesus performed several miracles in the Tiberias district, making it an important pilgrimage site for devout Christians. Tiberias has historically been known for its hot springs, believed to cure skin and other ailments, for thousands of years.
  http://wn.com/Tiberias
• 
  Tondern raid
  The Tondern raid, officially designated Operation F.7, was a British bombing raid mounted by the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force against the Imperial German Navy's airship base at Tondern in Germany. It was the first attack in history made by aircraft flying from a carrier flight deck. On 19 July 1918 seven Sopwith Camels took off from the converted large cruiser Furious. For the loss of one man, the British destroyed two German zeppelins, L.54 and L.60 and a captive balloon.
  http://wn.com/Tondern_raid
• 
  Trieste
  Trieste (, ; ; ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south, east and north of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
  http://wn.com/Trieste
• 
  Tulkarm
  Tulkarm or Tulkarem (, Ṭūlkarm; ) is a Palestinian city in the Tulkarm Governorate in the extreme northwestern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Tulkarm city and the adjacent refugee camp had a population of approximately 58,962 inhabitants at mid-year 2006. Its land area consists of 28,793 dunam.
  http://wn.com/Tulkarm
• 
  Tunisia
  Tunisia (pronounced , ; Tūnis), officially the Tunisian Republic ( al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 km², with an estimated population of just over 10.3 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the north-east.
  http://wn.com/Tunisia
• 
  Turkey
  Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
  http://wn.com/Turkey
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  Ukraine
  Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
  http://wn.com/Ukraine
• 
  Vienna
  Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
  http://wn.com/Vienna
• Vimy Ridge
  http://wn.com/Vimy_Ridge
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  Wall Street
  Wall Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, through the historical center of the Financial District. It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies. Over time, Wall Street became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood and also shorthand (or a metonym) for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial industry, which is centered in the New York City area. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City vies with the City of London to be the financial capital of the world.
  http://wn.com/Wall_Street
• 
  Warsaw
  Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
  http://wn.com/Warsaw
• Weimar Republic
  The Weimar Republic (, ) is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes translated as German Empire, but Reich can also mean realm or federal level of government), however, and it was usually known in English simply as Germany. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year. Germany's period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early 1930s, leading to the ascent of the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler in 1933. Although the constitution of 1919 was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The constitution became irrelevant; thus, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.
  http://wn.com/Weimar_Republic
• 
  Yugoslavia
  Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Jugoslavija; Macedonian, Serbian Cyrillic: Југославија) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.
  http://wn.com/Yugoslavia

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• labour movement
• Latvia
• Le Souvenir français
• League of Nations
• Leonida Bissolati
• Leuven
• Lewis Gun
• liberal democracy
• Liberty Memorial
• Light Horse
• Light machine gun
• Lists of wars
• Lithuania
• Ljubljana
• Lorraine (province)
• Lost Generation
• Luigi Cadorna
• Luxembourg
• Macedonian front
• machine guns
• malaria
• manganese
• Margarine
• Mark I (tank)
• Mark I tank
• Mark V (tank)
• martial law
• materiel
• Max Arthur
• Mecca
• mechanised warfare
• Medina
• Mehmed V
• Memorial Day
• Menin Gate
• Mental health
• merchant shipping
• Mesopotamia
• Mexican-American War
• Mexico
• Micronesia
• Mikhail Areshian
• Milan
• military tactics
• Minenwerfer
• Mont Saint-Quentin
• Montenegro
• Moudros
• Mounted Riflemen
• Movses Silikyan
• Muirhead Bone
• mustard gas
• Nablus
• Napoleonic Wars
• national identity
• National Schism
• Naval mine
• Nazareth
• Nazi
• Nazism
• New Britain
• nihilism
• Nikola Zhekov
• Nikolai Yudenich
• nitrogen fixation
• Nivelle Offensive
• Noemvriana
• non-intervention
• Norman Angell
• North Sea
• Oakland, California
• observation balloon
• October Revolution
• Ontario
• Operation Michael
• optimism
• Oskar von Hutier
• Otto von Bismarck
• Ottoman Army
• Ottoman Dynasty
• Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Greeks
• Pacific Islands
• Pacifism
• Padua
• Palestine
• Pan-Arabism
• Pan-Slavism
• Paolo Boselli
• parachute
• Paris Gun
• Paths of Glory
• Paul Nash (artist)
• Paul von Hindenburg
• Petrograd Soviet
• Philipp Scheidemann
• Philippe Pétain
• phosgene
• pneumonia
• pogrom
• poilu
• Poland
• Poles
• Pontic Greeks
• Poperinge
• Pow camp
• Powder keg of Europe
• prisoners of war
• Prussia
• Public holiday
• Punch Magazine
• Qingdao
• Quebec
• R. J. Rummel
• Race to the Sea
• railway gun
• Ramsay MacDonald
• Rapallo Conference
• Raymond Poincaré
• reconnaissance
• Red Week
• Reims
• Reinhard Scheer
• Reinsurance Treaty
• Republic of Turkey
• retronym
• Revolution of 1917
• Richard von Kühlmann
• RMS Lusitania
• Robert Borden
• Robert Nivelle
• Romania
• Romanian Campaign
• Romanov
• Rosa Luxemburg
• Royal Irish Rifles
• Royal Navy
• Russian Civil War
• Russian Empire
• Russo-Japanese War
• Saint Petersburg
• Salisbury Plain
• Salonica
• Saloniki
• Sarajevo
• Sava
• Scapa Flow
• Schlieffen Plan
• Sea of Gallilee
• Second Balkan War
• Second World War
• Sedition Act of 1918
• self-determination
• Senussi
• Senussi Campaign
• Septemberprogramm
• Serbian Cyrillic
• Shandong
• Shell (projectile)
• Sherif Hussein
• Shoulder Arms
• Siege of Kut
• Siege of Medina
• Siege of Tsingtao
• Sinai
• Sinai Peninsula
• Sir Arthur Currie
• Sir Edward Grey
• Slovenia
• SMS Emden (1908)
• Social Democratic
• Socialism
• solitary confinement
• sonar
• Sopwith Camel
• Sopwith Camels
• South Morava
• Southern Dobruja
• Soviet Union
• Soča
• Spa, Belgium
• SS
• Stahlhelm
• starvation
• Stock Market Crash
• Stormtrooper
• Strategic bombers
• submachine guns
• submarines
• Suez Canal
• suffragette
• Supreme War Council
• Syndicalism
• Tamines
• tank
• tanks
• Taurus Mountains
• technology
• Tehcir Law
• The Guns of August
• The New York Times
• Theodore Roosevelt
• Thuringia
• Tiberias
• Time magazine
• Togoland
• Tondern
• Tondern raid
• Toplica (river)
• Tovmas Nazarbekian
• trade union
• Transylvania
• Transylvanian
• Treaty of Batum
• Treaty of Lausanne
• Treaty of Sèvres
• Treaty of Trianon
• Treaty of Versailles
• Trench railways
• Trench warfare
• Trentino
• Trieste
• Triple Entente
• Tulkarm
• Tunisia
• Turkey
• U-boat
• U-boats
• U.S. Congress
• U.S. Marines
• U.S. Senate
• Ukraine
• United States Navy
• Vasil Radoslavov
• Versailles treaty
• Vickers machine gun
• Victorian era
• Vienna
• Vimy Ridge
• Vladimir Lenin
• Vladivostok
• Volga Germans
• Volhynia
• Wall Street
• war effort
• war memorial
• war reparations
• Warsaw
• Weimar Republic
• White flag
• Wilfred Owen
• Wilhelmshaven
• Wilhelmshaven mutiny
• Wireless
• Woodrow Wilson
• World war
• World War I
• World War II
• Yeomanry
• Young Bosnia
• Yugoslav Committee
• Yugoslav nationalism
• Yugoslavia
• Yugoslavs
• Zeppelin
• Zimmermann Telegram

First Daughter (1999)

"First Daughter (1999)" Actors

• Mariel Hemingway
• Doug Savant
• Monica Keena
• Gregory Harrison
• Forest Whitaker
• Jay Leno
• Joan Rivers
• Katie Holmes
• Lela Rochon
• Margaret Colin
• Teck Holmes
• Marc Blucas
• Michael Keaton
• Michael Milhoan
• Amerie Rodgers

"First Daughter (1999)" Director

• Armand Mastroianni
• Forest Whitaker

First, The Filmography