A Nawab or Nawaab (Urdu: نواب) is an honorific title given to (male) Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. It is the Muslim equivalent of the term maharaja that was granted to Hindu rulers]].
The term was originally used for the subedar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a subah (province) or region of the Mughal empire.
The title Nawab or Nawaab is basically derived from the Arab word Naib which means "deputy." Muslim rulers preferred this as then they could be referred to as the deputies of God on earth and hence not infringing on God's title, i.e., Lord and master of this earth. The title is specifically founded by Twelver Shia Muslim rulers from the word Naib - E - Imaam (which means Deputy or representative of the Living Imaam Muhammad al-Mahdi).
The term Nawab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in north or south India while the term Nizam is preferred for a senior official--it literally means "governor of region." Nizam of Hyderabad had several Nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. Nizam was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term Nazim, which means "senior officer." Nazim is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term Nawab is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and Sikhs as well and large Zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers. With the decline of that empire the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces. Under later British rule, Nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Awadh, Amb, Bahawalpur, Baoni, Banganapalle, Bhopal, Cambay, Jaora, Junagadh, Kurnool, Kurwai, Mamdot, Multan, Palanpur, Pataudi, Rampur, Malerkotla, Sachin and Tonk. Other former rulers bearing the title, such as the Nawabs of Bengal and Oudh, had been dispossessed by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. The title of the ruler of Palanpur was Diwan and not Nawab.
The style for a Nawab's queen is Begum. Most of the Nawab dynasties were male primogenitures, although several ruling Begums of Bhopal and Ruchka Begum of TikaitGanj, near Lucknow were a notable exception.
Before the incorporation of the Subcontinent into the British Empire, Nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzereignty and assume the imperial style of Badshah), Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal.
Families ruling when acceding to India
Families ruling when acceding to Pakistan (including present Bangladesh)
Former dynasties which became political pensioners
For example, in Bahawalpur only the Nawab's Heir Apparent used Nawabzada before his personal name, then Khan Abassi, finally Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while the other sons of the ruling Nawab used the style Sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind. "Nawabzadi" implies daughters of the reigning nawab.
Elsewhere, rulers who were not styled nawab yet awarded a title nawabzada.
===Nabob=== In colloquial usage in English (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the form nabob refers to commoners: a merchant-leader of high social status and wealth. "Nabob" derives from the Bengali pronunciation of "nawab": nôbab. During the 18th century in particular, it was widely used as a disparaging term for British merchants or administrators who, having made a fortune in India, returned to Britain and aspired to be recognised as having the higher social status that their new wealth would enable them to maintain. Jos Sedley in Thackeray's Vanity Fair is probably the best known example in fiction. From this specific usage it came to be sometimes used for ostentatiously rich businesspeople in general. It can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose sense of their own importance, as in the famous dismissal of the news media as "nattering nabobs of negativism" in a speech that was delivered by Spiro Agnew and written by William Safire.
Today, the word is used to refer to directly-elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas in order to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or Shura). The term Majlis al-Nuwwab (, literally council of deputies) has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures.
Category:Gubernatorial titles Category:Heads of state Category:Noble titles Category:Titles in India Category:Titles in Pakistan Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership Category:Royal titles Category:Nawabs of India
bg:Набаб ca:Nabab de:Nawab es:Nawab fr:Nawab io:Nabobo it:Nababbo hu:Naváb nl:Nawab ja:ネイボッブ no:Nawab pl:Nabab pt:Nababo ru:Набоб sv:Nawab tr:Nevvab uk:НабобThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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