The content, to which the Protestant Old Testament closely corresponds, does not act as source to the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic, nor to the '''' portions of the Eastern Orthodox Old Testaments. The term does not comment upon the naming, numbering or ordering of books, which varies with later Christian Biblical canons.
The term is an attempt to provide specificity with respect to contents, while avoiding allusion to any particular interpretative tradition or theological school of thought. It is widely used in academic writing and interfaith discussion in relatively neutral contexts meant to include dialogue among all religious traditions, but not widely in the inner discourse of the religions which use its text.
Many scholars advocate use of the term ''Hebrew Bible'' when discussing these books in academic writing, as a neutral substitute to terms with religious connotations (e.g., the non-neutral term "old testament"). The Society of Biblical Literature's ''Handbook of Style'', which is the standard for major academic journals like ''Harvard Theological Review'' and conservative Protestant journals like ''Bibliotheca Sacra'' and ''Westminster Theological Journal'', suggests that authors "be aware of the connotations of alternative expressions such as ... Hebrew Bible [and] Old Testament" without prescribing the use of either.
Additional difficulties include: In terms of theology, Christianity has struggled with the relationship between "old" and "new" testaments from its very beginnings. Modern Christian formulations of this tension, sometimes building upon ancient and medieval ideas, include supersessionism, covenant theology, dispensationalism, and dual-covenant theology. However, all of these formulations, except some forms of dual-covenant theology, are objectionable to mainstream Judaism and to many Jewish scholars and writers, for whom there is one eternal covenant between God and Israel, and who therefore reject the very term "Old Testament."
''Hebrew'' in the term ''Hebrew Bible'' refers to the original language of the books, but it may also be taken as referring to the Jews of the Second Temple era and the Diaspora, and their descendants, who preserved the transmission of the Masoretic Text up to the present day. The Hebrew Bible includes some small portions in Aramaic (mostly in the books of Daniel and Ezra), which are written and printed in the Aramaic square-script, was adopted as the Hebrew alphabet after the Babylonian exile. The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet was the Hebrew alphabet of the classical era of Solomon's Temple. Some Qumran Hebrew biblical manuscripts are written using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet of the classical era of Solomon's Temple. The famous examples of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet are the Siloam inscription (8th century BCE), the Lachish ostraca (6th century BCE), and the Bar Kokhba coin shown above (circa 132 CE).
ar:الكتاب العبري bn:হিব্রু বাইবেল cs:Hebrejská bible de:Biblia Hebraica es:Biblia hebrea eu:Hebrear biblia ko:히브리어 성경 id:Alkitab Ibrani is:Hebreska biblían sw:Biblia ya Kiebrania hu:Héber Biblia ms:Alkitab Ibrani nl:Hebreeuwse Bijbel ja:ヘブライ語聖書 no:Den hebraiske Bibelen pt:Bíblia Hebraica ro:Biblia ebraică ru:Еврейская библия simple:Hebrew Bible sk:Hebrejská biblia th:คัมภีร์ฮีบรู vi:Kinh thánh Hebrew zh:希伯來聖經
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