-
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Microsoft Corporation is a public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system (OS) market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of OSs. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Microsoft would come to dominate other markets as well, notably the office suite market with Microsoft Office.
http://wn.com/Microsoft -
http://wn.com/Saudi -
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland -
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
- =~
- abbreviation
- ADM-3A
- Alt code
- Alt Gr
- Alt key
- alternating current
- Ancient Greek
- approximation
- Arabic diacritics
- Arabic language
- Array data structure
- Asturian language
- asymptotic analysis
- Australia
- Awk
- Basque language
- bit
- Bitwise_NOT
- Bombard (weapon)
- Breton language
- BSD
- C++
- Canada
- cantillation
- Catalan language
- Chinese language
- circumflex
- code page
- code page 932
- Colon (punctuation)
- combining character
- Common Lisp
- Computer keyboard
- Computer programmers
- concatenation
- Counter-Strike
- Creaky voice
- Croatian language
- Crysis
- Cyrillic
- dead key
- diacritic
- direct current
- East Asian languages
- electronics
- elision
- Emacs
- en-dash
- English language
- equivalence relation
- Estonian language
- filename mangling
- Filipino language
- Finnish language
- Fourier transform
- France
- French language
- Galician language
- German language
- Germany
- GNU/Linux
- grapheme
- Greek diacritics
- Guarani language
- Guaranà language
- Half-Life 2
- Hebrew
- Hindi
- home directory
- HTML entity
- Hungarian language
- hyphen
- Icelandic language
- India
- Inform
- integer
- IPA diacritics
- Italian language
- Japanese (language)
- Japanese punctuation
- Jargon File
- JIS X 0213
- juggling notation
- LaTeX
- Latin
- Latin America
- Latin language
- Lear-Siegler
- Letter (alphabet)
- lexicography
- linguistics
- Lithuanian language
- logic
- Mac OS X
- Macintosh
- Mapudungun
- mathematics
- Max/MSP
- MediaWiki
- Microsoft
- Microsoft Windows
- Mills Mess
- mirror image
- nasalization
- negation
- Nheengatu
- Norwegian language
- number
- Object lifetime
- OCaml
- operating system
- Option key
- order of magnitude
- palatal nasal
- Papiamento
- Percent-encoding
- Perl
- Perl 6
- pharyngealization
- phonetics
- PHP
- pi
- pitch accent
- Polish language
- Portuguese language
- PostgreSQL
- probability theory
- programming
- programming language
- proposition
- punctuation
- Quake (video game)
- Quake engine
- random variable
- regular expression
- rogue-like
- RuneScape
- sarcasm mark
- Saudi
- scribal abbreviation
- Shift JIS
- snakes
- Source (game engine)
- Spain
- Spanish language
- Special characters
- SQL
- Standard ML
- statistics
- subdirectory
- subtraction
- superimpose
- Swedish language
- Switzerland
- swung dash
- Tetum language
- Tittle
- tone (linguistics)
- tone accent
- Transact-SQL
- triangle
- Turkish language
- type safety
- typing
- Umlaut (diacritic)
- unicode
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Unix
- Unreal
- UTC
- velar nasal
- velarization
- version control
- Vietnamese language
- Windows
- World Wide Web
- Ñ
- آ
- �
- ≈
Tilde
Releases by year: 2007 |
Releases by album:
Album releases
Cha Cha Cha
(Released 2007)
-
Feet Turn to Stone
-
Aint Got It Right
-
Multiply
-
Cubic Laughter
-
Next Train
-
Looking Fab
-
Chocolate Melts Anyway
-
Taxi Driver
-
Toss Away
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Published: 15 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 14 Nov 2011
- Author: SandSkinButt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Published: 16 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Nov 2011
- Author: dstanfie23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Published: 05 Mar 2007
- Uploaded: 13 Nov 2011
- Author: lockone1977
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Published: 21 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Nov 2011
- Author: Punkvideosrock
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Published: 11 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Nov 2011
- Author: paganmaestro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Published: 04 May 2010
- Uploaded: 27 Oct 2011
- Author: BHtechnology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Published: 17 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Nov 2011
- Author: Username1361
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Published: 13 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Nov 2011
- Author: petparasol
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Published: 24 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 30 Oct 2011
- Author: PrettyMuchAriana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 29 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 28 Sep 2011
- Author: MrVesanique
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 10 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Nov 2011
- Author: HerestoNowMusic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Published: 19 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 11 Jul 2011
- Author: vampiredue
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Published: 16 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Nov 2011
- Author: smokeweedhailsatan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Published: 29 Jan 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Sep 2011
- Author: IntoleranceRecords
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Published: 08 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 26 Aug 2011
- Author: dstanfie23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Published: 15 Sep 2006
- Uploaded: 01 Oct 2011
- Author: TrazanAndCO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 25 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Apr 2010
- Author: TildeVinther
-
Iran files complaint over purported US drone
Al Jazeera
-
Euro crisis summit: The night Europe changed
BBC News
-
Before Voting, If Only Death Had Been Before Their Own Eyes
WorldNews.com
-
Israeli airstrikes hit Gaza civilians
Sydney Morning Herald
-
UK isolated in Europe after summit veto
Sydney Morning Herald
- =~
- abbreviation
- ADM-3A
- Alt code
- Alt Gr
- Alt key
- alternating current
- Ancient Greek
- approximation
- Arabic diacritics
- Arabic language
- Array data structure
- Asturian language
- asymptotic analysis
- Australia
- Awk
- Basque language
- bit
- Bitwise_NOT
- Bombard (weapon)
- Breton language
- BSD
- C++
- Canada
- cantillation
- Catalan language
- Chinese language
- circumflex
- code page
- code page 932
- Colon (punctuation)
- combining character
- Common Lisp
- Computer keyboard
- Computer programmers
- concatenation
- Counter-Strike
- Creaky voice
- Croatian language
- Crysis
- Cyrillic
- dead key
- diacritic
- direct current
- East Asian languages
- electronics
- elision
- Emacs
- en-dash
- English language
- equivalence relation
- Estonian language
- filename mangling
- Filipino language
- Finnish language
- Fourier transform
- France
- French language
- Galician language
size: 3.0Kb
size: 5.3Kb
size: 3.3Kb
size: 0.4Kb
size: 0.5Kb
size: 1.1Kb
size: 4.6Kb
size: 3.0Kb
size: 8.0Kb
The tilde (; ˜ or ~ ) is a grapheme with several uses. The name of the character comes from Spanish and Portuguese, from the Latin titulus meaning "title" or "superscription", though the term "tilde" has evolved and now has a different meaning in linguistics.
It was originally written over a letter as a mark of abbreviation, but has since acquired a number of other uses as a diacritic mark or a character in its own right. These are encoded in Unicode at and . And there are more similar characters for different roles. Especially in lexicography the tilde as a separate character or swung dash () is used in dictionaries to indicate the omission of the entry word.
Common use
Commonly in mathematics and other everyday use the tilde can be understood to mean "approximately"; or to imply an estimation. For example, one would type "I had ~30 points." This would mean "I had about 30 points."
Diacritical use
In some languages, the tilde is used as a diacritical mark ( ˜ ) placed over a letter to indicate a change in pronunciation, such as nasalization.
Pitch
It was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, as a variant of the circumflex, representing a rise in pitch followed by a return to standard pitch.
Abbreviation
Later, it was used to make abbreviations in medieval Latin documents. When an ‹n› or ‹m› followed a vowel, it was often omitted, and a tilde (i.e., a small ‹n›) was placed over the preceding vowel to indicate the missing letter; this is the origin of the use of tilde to indicate nasalization. (Compare the development of the umlaut as an abbreviation of ‹e›.) The practice of using the tilde over a vowel to indicate omission of an ‹n› or ‹m› continued in printed books in French as a means of reducing text length until the 17th century. It was also used in Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish.The tilde was also used occasionally to make other abbreviations, such as over the letter ‹q› ("q̃") to signify the word que ("that").
Nasalization
It is also as a small ‹n› that the tilde originated when written above another letters, marking a Latin ‹n› which had been elided in old Galician-Portuguese. It indicates nasalization of the base vowel: mão "hand", from Lat. manu-; razões "reasons", from Lat. rationes. Current languages and alphabets in which the tilde is used as a sign of nasalization include:
In Breton, the symbol ‹ñ› after a vowel means that the letter ‹n› serves only to give the vowel a nasalised pronunciation, without being itself pronounced, as it normally is. For example ‹an› gives the pronunciation whereas ‹añ› gives .
Palatal n
The tilded ‹n› (‹ñ›, ‹Ñ›) developed from the digraph ‹nn› in Spanish. In this language, ‹ñ› is considered a separate letter called eñe (), rather than a letter-diacritic combination; it is placed in Spanish dictionaries between the letters ‹n› and ‹o›. In addition, the word tilde can refer to any diacritic in this language; for example, the acute accent in José is also called a tilde in Spanish. Current languages in which the tilded ‹n› (‹ñ›) is used for the palatal nasal consonant include:
Tone
In Vietnamese, a tilde over a vowel represents a dipping tone (ngã).
International Phonetic Alphabet
In phonetics, a tilde is used as a diacritic either placed above a letter, below it or superimposed onto the middle of it (see International Phonetic Alphabet → Diacritics):A tilde above a letter indicates nasalization, e.g. . A tilde superimposed onto the middle of a letter indicates velarization or pharyngealization, e.g. . If no precomposed unicode character exists, the unicode character 'COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY' (U+0334) " ̴ " can be used to generate one. A tilde below a letter indicates laryngealisation, e.g. . If no precomposed unicode character exists, the unicode character 'COMBINING TILDE BELOW' (U+0330) " ̰ " can be used to generate one.
Letter extension
In Estonian, the symbol ‹õ› stands for the close-mid back unrounded vowel, and it is considered an independent letter.
Other uses
Some languages and alphabets use the tilde for other purposes: Arabic: A symbol resembling the tilde (madda) is used over the letter ‹ا› to become ‹آ›, denoting a long sound (). GuaranÃ: The tilded ‹G̃› (note that ‹G/g› with tilde is not available as a precomposed glyph in Unicode) stands for the velar nasal consonant. Also, the tilded ‹y› (‹Ỹ›) stands for the nasalized upper central rounded vowel . Unicode has a combining vertical tilde character, (U+033E). It is used to indicate middle tone in linguistic transcription of certain dialects of the Lithuanian language and for transliteration of the Cyrillic palatalization sign, (U+0484).
Similar characters
There are a number of Unicode characters similar to the tilde.Character | ! Code point | ! Name | ! Comments |
~ | U+007E | TILDE | |
˜ | U+02DC| | SMALL TILDE | |
◌̃ | U+0303| | COMBINING TILDE | |
◌̰ | U+0330| | COMBINING TILDE BELOW | International Phonetic Alphabet>IPA to indicate creaky voice |
◌̴ | U+0334| | COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY | Used in IPA to indicate velarization or pharyngealization |
ס֘ | U+0598| | HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA | Hebrew cantillation mark |
ס֮ | U+05AE| | HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR | Hebrew cantillation mark |
◌᷉ | U+1DC9| | COMBINING ACUTE-GRAVE-ACUTE | tone (linguistics)>tone mark |
â?“ | U+2053| | SWUNG DASH | |
∼ | U+223C| | TILDE OPERATOR | Used in mathematics |
∽ | U+223D| | REVERSED TILDE | In some fonts it is the tilde's simple mirror image; others extend the tips to resemble a � |
∿ | U+223F| | SINE WAVE | |
≈ | U+2248| | ALMOST EQUAL TO | |
〜 | U+301C| | WAVE DASH | Japanese punctuation#Wave dash>Japanese punctuation |
〰 | U+3030| | WAVY DASH | |
﹋ | U+FE4B| | WAVY OVERLINE | |
ï¹? | U+FE4F| | WAVY LOW LINE | |
ï½? | U+FF5E| | FULLWIDTH TILDE |
Punctuation
The swung dash (~) is used in various ways in punctuation:
Range
In some languages (though not English), a tilde-like wavy dash may be used as punctuation (instead of an unspaced hyphen or en-dash) between two numbers, to indicate a range rather than subtraction or a hyphenated number (such as a part number or model number). For example, 12~15 means "12 to 15", ~3 means "up to three" and 100~ means "100 and greater". Japanese and other East Asian languages almost always use this convention, but it is often done for clarity in some other languages as well. Chinese uses the wavy dash and full-width em dash interchangeably for this purpose. In English, the tilde is often used to express ranges and model numbers in electronics but rarely in formal grammar or type-set documents, as a wavy dash preceding a number sometimes represents an approximation (see the Mathematics section, below).
Japanese
The is used for various purposes in Japanese, including to denote ranges of numbers, in place of dashes or brackets, and to indicate origin. The wave dash is also used to separate a title and a subtitle in the same line, as a colon is used in English.
When used in conversations via email or instant messenger it may be used as a sarcasm mark or, in East Asia, as an extension of the final syllable to produce the same effect as “whyyyyyy� with “why〜〜�. Used at the end of a word or sentence in text communications, it often denotes something said in a sing-song or playful voice, or similar to the use in instant messengers and email, depending on context. In some contexts, the tilde represents a lustful or exhausted sigh: "Hello there~."
Unicode and Shift JIS Encoding of Wave Dash
In practice the (Unicode U+FF5E) is often used instead of the (Unicode U+301C), because the Shift JIS code for the wave dash, 0x8160, which is supposed to be mapped to U+301C, is not mapped to U+301C but mapped to U+FF5E in code page 932 (Microsoft's code page for Japanese), a widely-used extension of Shift JIS, in order to avoid the shape definition error in Unicode: the wave dash glyph in JIS/Shift JIS is identical to the Unicode reference glyph for U+FF5E, while the reference glyph for U+301C was incorrectly turned upside down when Unicode imported the JIS wave dash. In other platforms such as Mac OS and Mac OS X, 0x8160 is correctly mapped to U+301C. It is generally difficult, if not impossible, for Windows users in Japan to type U+301C, especially in legacy, non-Unicode applications.Nevertheless, the Japanese wave dash is still formally mapped to U+301C as of JIS X 0213. Those two code points have the identical or very similar glyph in several fonts, reducing the confusion and incompatibility.
Mathematics
In mathematics, the tilde operator (Unicode U+223C), sometimes called “twiddle�, is often used to denote an equivalence relation between two objects. Thus “x ~ y� means “x is equivalent to y�. (Note that this is usually quite different from stating that x equals y.) The expression “x ~ y� is sometimes read aloud as “x twiddles y�, perhaps as an analogue to the verbal expression of “x = y�.There are two common contexts in which ‹~› denotes particular equivalence relations: It can be used to denote the asymptotical equality of two functions. For example, f(x) ~ g(x), means that limx→� f(x)/g(x) = 1.
In statistics and probability theory, ‹~› means “is distributed as�. See random variable. A tilde placed on top of a variable is sometimes used to represent the median of that variable.
A tilde may also be used to denoted the Fourier transform of a function.
A triple tilde () is often used to show congruence, an equivalence relation in geometry.
A tilde can also be used to represent geometric similarity, e.g.: ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (pronounced "triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF").
In English it is sometimes used to represent approximation, for example ~10 would mean “approximately 10�. Similar symbols are used in mathematics, such as in π ≈ 3.14, “π is about equal to 3.14�. Since the double-tilde (≈; HTML entity
) is generally not available from the keyboard, the tilde (~) has become a substitute for use in typed entry.
A tilde is also used to indicate “approximately equal to� (e.g. 1.902 ~= 2). This usage probably developed as a typed alternative to the libra symbol used for the same purpose in written mathematics, which is an equal sign (=) with the upper bar replaced by a bar with an upward hump or loop in the middle or, sometimes, a tilde (≃). [Also see Approximation]. The symbol "≈" is also used for this purpose.
A tilde can be used on its own between two expressions (e.g. a ~ 0.1) to state that the two are of the same order of magnitude.
A tilde placed below a letter in mathematics can represent a vector quantity.
Logic
In written mathematical logic, it represents negation: “~p� means “not p�, where "p" is a proposition. Modern use has been replacing the tilde with the negation symbol (¬) for this purpose, to avoid confusion with equivalence relations.
Economics
For relations involving preference, economists sometimes use the tilde to represent indifference between two or more bundles of goods. For example, to say that a consumer is indifferent between bundles x and y, an economist would write x ~ y.
Electronics
It can approximate the sine wave symbol (, U+223F), which is used in electronics to indicate alternating current, in place of +, −, or for direct current.
Computing
Directories and URLs
On Unix-like operating systems (including BSD, GNU/Linux and Mac OS X), tilde often indicates the current user's home directory: for example, if the current user's home directory is /home/bloggsj, then cd, cd ~, cd /home/bloggsj or cd $HOME are equivalent. This practice derives from the Lear-Siegler ADM-3A terminal in common use during the 1970s, which happened to have the tilde symbol and the word "Home" (for moving the cursor to the upper left) on the same key. When prepended to a particular username, the tilde indicates that user's home directory (e.g., ~janedoe for the home directory of user janedoe, such as /home/janedoe).
Used in URLs on the World Wide Web, it often denotes a personal website on a Unix-based server. For example,
In URLs, the characters %7E (or %7e) may substitute for tilde if an input device lacks a tilde key. Thus,
Computer languages
The tilde is used in the Awk programming language as part of the pattern match operators for regular expressions:
variable ~ /regex/
returns true if the variable is matched.variable !~ /regex/
returns false if the variable is matched.
A variant of this, with the plain tilde replaced with =~
, was adopted in Perl, and this semi-standardization has led to the use of these operators in other programming languages, such as Ruby or the SQL variant of the database PostgreSQL.
In APL and Matlab, tilde represents the monadic logical function NOT.
In the C, C++ and C# programming languages, the tilde character is used as an operator to invert all bits of an integer (bitwise NOT), following the notation in logic (an !
causes a logical NOT, instead). In C++ and C#, the tilde is also used as the first character in a class's method name (where the rest of the name must be the same name as the class) to indicate a destructor – a special method which is called at the end of the object's life.
In the CSS stylesheet language, the tilde is used for the indirect adjacent combinator as part of a selector.
In the D programming language, the tilde is used as an array concatenation operator, as well as to indicate an object destructor and binary not operator. Tilde operator can be overloaded for user types, and binary tilde operator is mostly used to merging two objects, or adding some objects to set of objects. It was introduced because plus operator can have different meaning in many situations. For example what to do with "120" + "14" ? Is this a string "134" (addition of two numbers), or "12014" (concatenation of strings) or something else? D disallows + operator for arrays (and strings), and provides separate operator for concatenation (similarly PHP programming language solved this problem by using dot operator for concatenation, and + for number addition, which will also work on strings containing numbers).
In Eiffel, the tilde is used for object comparison. If a and b denote objects, the boolean expression a ~ b has value true if an only if these objects are equal, as defined by the applicable version of the library routine is_equal, which by default denotes field-by-field object equality but can be redefined in any class to support a specific notion of equality. If a and b are references, the object equality expression a ~ b is to be contrasted with a = b which denotes reference equality. Unlike the call a.is_equal (b), the expression a ~ b is type-safe even in the presence of covariance.
In the Groovy programming language the tilde character is used as an operator mapped to the bitwiseNegate() method. Given a String the method will produce a java.util.regex.Pattern. Given an integer it will negate the integer bitwise like in different C variants. =~
and ==~
can in Groovy be used to match a regular expression.
In Haskell, the tilde is used in type constraints to indicate type equality; also, in pattern-matching patterns, the tilde makes a subpattern irrefutable.
In the Inform programming language, the tilde is used to indicate a quotation mark inside a quoted string.
In "text mode" of the LaTeX typesetting language a tilde diacritic can be obtained using, e.g., \~{n}
, yielding "ñ". A stand-alone tilde can be obtained by using \textasciitilde
or \string~
.
In "math mode" a tilde diacritic can be written as, e.g., \tilde{x}
. For a wider tilde \widetilde
can be used. The \sim
command produce a tilde-like binary relation symbol that is often used in mathematical expressions, and the double-tilde is obtained with \approx
. The url
package also supports entering tildes directly, e.g.,
.
In both text and math mode, a tilde on its own (~
) is rendering a white space with no line breaking.
In Common Lisp, the tilde is used as the prefix for format specifiers in format strings. In Max/MSP, a tilde is used to denote objects that process at the computer's sampling rate, i.e. mainly those that deal with sound.
In Standard ML, the tilde is used as the prefix for negative numbers and as the unary negation operator.
In OCaml, the tilde is used to specify the label for a labeled parameter.
In Microsoft's SQL Server Transact-SQL (T-SQL) language, the tilde is a unary Bitwise NOT operator.
Backup filenames
The dominant Unix convention for naming backup copies of files is appending a tilde to the original file name. It originated with the Emacs text editor and was adopted by many other editors and some command-line tools.Emacs also introduced an elaborate numbered backup scheme, with files named filename.~1~, filename.~2~ and so on. It didn't catch on, probably because version control software does this better.
Microsoft filenames
The tilde was part of Microsoft's filename mangling scheme when it developed the FAT file system. This upgrade introduced long filenames to Microsoft Windows, and permitted additional characters (such as the space) to be part of filenames, which were prohibited in previous versions. Programs written prior to this development could only access filenames in the so-called 8.3 format—the filenames consisted of a maximum of eight alphanumeric characters, followed by a period, followed by three more alphanumeric characters. In order to permit these legacy programs to access files in the FAT file system, each file had to be given two names—one long, more descriptive one, and one that conformed to the 8.3 format. This was accomplished with a name-mangling scheme in which the first six characters of the filename are followed by a tilde and a digit. For example, "Program Files" might become "PROGRA~1".Also, the tilde symbol is used to prefix hidden temporary files that are created when a document is opened in Windows. For example, when you open a Word document called "Document1.doc," a file called "~$cument1.doc" is created in the same directory. This file contains information about which user has the file open, to prevent multiple users from attempting to change a document at the same time.
Games
In many games, the tilde key (on U.S. English keyboards) is used to open the console. This is true for games such as Half-Life, Halo CE, Quake, Half-Life 2, Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix, Unreal, Counter-Strike, Crysis, Oblivion, RuneScape, and others based on the Quake engine or Source engine.It is sometimes used in Rogue-like games to represent water or snakes.
Other uses
Computer programmers use the tilde in various ways and sometimes call the symbol (as opposed to the diacritic) a squiggle, squiggly, or twiddle. According to the Jargon File, other synonyms sometimes used in programming include not, approx, wiggle, enyay (after eñe) and (humorously) sqiggle ().
In Perl 6, "
In MediaWiki, three consecutive tildes (
Juggling notation
In the juggling notation system Beatmap, tilde can be added to either "hand" in a pair of fields to say "cross the arms with this hand on top". Mills Mess is thus represented as (~2x,1)(1,2x)(2x,~1)*.
Keyboards
Where a tilde is on the keyboard depends on the computer's language settings according to the following chart. On many keyboards it is primarily available through a dead key that makes it possible to produce a variety of precomposed characters with the diacritic. In that case, a single tilde can typically be inserted with the dead key followed by the space bar, or alternatively by striking the dead key twice in a row.To insert a tilde with the dead key, it is often necessary to simultaneously hold down the Alt Gr key. On the keyboard layouts that include an Alt Gr key, it typically takes the place of the right-hand Alt key. With a Macintosh either of the Alt/Option keys function similarly.
In the US and European Windows systems, the Alt code for a single tilde is 126
.
!Keyboard!!Insert a single tilde (~)!!Insert a precomposed character with tilde (e.g. ã) |
|
|||
Arabic (Saudi) | ||||
+ | ||||
followed by , or | followed by | followed by the relevant letter, or | followed by the relevant letter | |
English (Canada) | ||||
followed by the relevant letter | ||||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | |||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | |||
French (France) | followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | ||
French (Switzerland) | followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | ||
German (Switzerland) | followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | ||
Hindi (India) | + the key to the left of | |||
+ | ||||
(the same key as ) | ||||
(on Mac OS X) | ||||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | |||
followed by , | or | The dead key is not generally used for inserting characters with tilde; when followed by |
||
followed by | followed by the relevant letter | |||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | |||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter | |||
followed by , or | followed by the relevant letter |
See also
References
External links
Category:Alphabetic diacritics Category:Punctuation Category:Typographical symbols Category:Greek alphabet Category:Logical symbols
ar:تلدة ast:VÃrgula br:Tildenn bg:Тилда ca:Titlla cs:Vlnovka da:Tilde de:Tilde es:Virgulilla eo:Tildo eu:Tilet fa:مدک fr:Tilde gl:Til xal:Дольган темдг ko:~ hr:Tilda id:Tanda gelombang it:Tilde he:טילדה kk:Тильда lb:Tilde hu:Hullámvonal mk:Тилда nl:Tilde ja:ãƒ?ルダ no:Tilde pl:Tylda pt:Til ru:Тильда simple:Tilde fi:Tilde sv:Tilde (tecken) tr:Yaklaşık iÅŸareti zh:波浪號This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.