25 (twenty-five) is the natural number following 24 and preceding 26.

In mathematics

It is a square number, being 5² = 5 × 5. It is the smallest square that is also a sum of two (non-zero) squares: 25 = 3² + 4². Hence it often appears in illustrations of the Pythagorean theorem.

25 is a centered octagonal number and an automorphic number.

25 per cent means one quarter.

25 has an aliquot sum of 6 and number 6 is the first (or smallest) number to have an aliquot sequence that does not culminate in 0 through a prime. Twenty-five is the aliquot sum of three integers; 95, 119, and 143. Twenty-five is the second composite member of the 6-aliquot tree.

It is the smallest base 10 Friedman number as it can be expressed by its own numbers: 5².

It is also a Cullen number. 25 is the smallest pseudoprime satisfying the congruence 7ⁿ = 7 mod n.

25 is the smallest aspiring number — a composite non-sociable number whose aliquot sequence does not terminate.

According to the Shapiro inequality 25 is the least odd integer n such that there exist $x\_1,\; x\_2,\; \backslash dots,\; x\_n$ such that

:

where $x\_\{n+1\}=x\_1,\; x\_\{n+2\}=x\_2$.

Within base 10 one can readily test for divisibility by 25 by seeing if the last two digits of the number match 25, 50, 75 or 00.

25 and 49 are the only perfect squares in the following list:

13,25,37,49,511,613,715,817,919,1021,1123,1225,1327,1429...etc.

The formula in this list can be described as $10^n\; *\; Z\; +\; (2Z\; +\; 1)$ where n clearly depends on the number of digits in Z and in 2Z+1.

In bases 30, 25 is a 1-automorphic number (displayed as the numeral 'P' or 'R' dependant on the chossen digit set), and in base 10 a 2-automorphic number.

In science

The atomic number of manganese

In religion

In Ezekiel's vision of a new temple: The number twenty-five is of cardinal importance in Ezekiel's Temple Vision (in the Bible, Ezekiel chapters 40-48).

In The Book of Revelation's New International Version (©1984)

"Surrounding the throne were twenty-four other thrones, and seated on them were twenty-four elders. They were dressed in white and had crowns of gold on their heads." Which means that there were 25 thrones.

In sports

The size of the full roster on a Major League Baseball team for most of the season, except for regular-season games on or after September 1, when it expands to 40.

In baseball, the number 25 is typically reserved for the best slugger on the team. Examples include Mark McGwire, Barry Bonds, and Mark Teixeira.

The number of points needed to win a set in volleyball under rally scoring rules (except for the fifth set), so long as the losing team's score is two less than the winning team's score (i.e., if the winning team scores 25 points, the losing team can have no more than 23 points)

In U.S. college football, schools that are members of NCAA Division I FBS are allowed to provide athletic scholarships to a maximum of 25 new football players (i.e., players who were not previously receiving scholarships) each season.

In other fields

Twenty five is:

The part of the name of LSD-25 molecule

The number of years of marriage marked in a silver wedding anniversary.

The minimum age of candidates for election to the United States House of Representatives. "Under 25" provides a common cut-off point for designating youth.

The number of cents in a quarter.

The usual TCP port for SMTP.

The designation of United States Interstate 25, a freeway that runs from New Mexico to Wyoming

The designation of the M25 London Orbital motorway

Municipal Okrug 25, until March, 2010, name of Knyazhevo Municipal Okrug in Kirovsky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia

The (critical) number of Florida electoral votes for the 2000 U.S. presidential election

The name of the national board game of India (Pachisi — Hindi for 25)

"25", a song by Veruca Salt from their 1994 album American Thighs

"25th Floor", a song by Patti Smith Group from their 1978 album Easter

"twentyfive", design studio in the Czech Republic

Twenty Five is the name of a 2006 George Michael compilation celebrating 25 years in the music business (1981–2006)

"25 boy", in Cantonese Chinese, is a slang term meaning "traitor" as used in the Chinese movie Over the Edge.

The per-second frame rate of the PAL video standard

The number of the French department Doubs

25 random things about me, an Internet meme utilizing Facebook's Notes feature

Historical years

25 A.D., 25 B.C., 1925, 2025, etc.

Slang names

Pony (British slang for £25)

References

2 5

ab:Ҩажәеи хуба ar:25 (عدد) az:25 (ədəd) bo:༢༥ (གྲངས་ཀ།) ca:Vint-i-cinc cv:25 (хисеп) cs:25 (číslo) da:25 (tal) de:Fünfundzwanzig myv:25 (ловома вал) es:Veinticinco eo:Dudek kvin eu:Hogeita bost fa:۲۵ (عدد) fr:25 (nombre) gan:25 ko:25 ig:Iri abụo na ise id:25 (angka) ia:25 (numero) ik:Iñuiñaq tallimat it:25 (numero) he:25 (מספר) rn:Mirongo ibiri na gatanu ht:25 (nonm) lbe:Кьуния ххюва la:Viginti quinque lv:25 (skaitlis) lt:25 (skaičius) lg:Amakumi abiri mu ttaano hu:25 (szám) mk:25 (број) ms:25 (nombor) nah:Cēmpōhualmācuīlli nl:25 (getal) ja:25 nap:Vinticìnche no:25 (tall) nn:Talet 25 pnb:25 pl:25 (liczba) pt:Vinte e cinco ru:25 (число) simple:25 (number) sl:25 (število) srn:Numro 25 fi:25 (luku) sv:25 (tal) th:25 ti:ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን uk:25 (число) vi:25 (số) vls:25 (getal) war:25 (ihap) yi:25 (נומער) zh-yue:25 zh:25

Name	DJ Premier
Background	non_performing_personnel
Birth name	Christopher Edward Martin
Origin	Brooklyn, New York, United States
Born	March 21, 1966Houston, Texas, United States
Instrument	Drum machineKeyboardSamplerTurntable
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Record producer, DJ
Years active	1984present
Label	Wild Pitch/EMI (1987–1990)Chrysalis/EMI (1991–1998)Virgin/EMI (1998–2003)Year Round (2003–)
Website	}}

Christopher Edward Martin (born March 21, 1966, in Houston, Texas), better known by his stage name DJ Premier (also known as Preem, Premo, or Primo for short), is an American record producer and DJ, and was the instrumental half of the hip hop duo Gang Starr, together with MC Guru. Born in Houston and raised in Grand Prairie, he has lived in Brooklyn, New York, for much of his professional career. Rolling Stone identified Premier as arguably Hip-Hop's greatest producer of all time.

The Source named DJ Premier one of the five greatest producers in hip-hop history, while the editors of About.com ranked him #1 on their Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list. He also made the "Elite 8" in the search for The Greatest Hip-Hop Producer of All Time by Vibe.

Productions

Premier is known for producing the majority of Gang Starr's songs as well as many of the Gang Starr Foundation's songs. His work also includes production for heavyweight rappers such as Apathy, Bun B, Canibus, KRS-One, Kanye West, Nas, Jay-Z, Mos Def, 50 Cent, Big L, Lord Finesse, M.O.P., Rakim, The Notorious B.I.G., D.I.T.C., The LOX, Royce Da 5'9", Fat Joe, Snoop Dogg, rock band Limp Bizkit and pop/R&B; singer Christina Aguilera among a plethora of others.

Premier collaborated with MC Jeru the Damaja on the album The Sun Rises in the East, released in 1994, as well as the 1996 follow-up, Wrath of the Math. Also from the Gang Starr Foundation, Premier produced and supervised Group Home's Livin' Proof; although overlooked at the time of its 1995 release, the album has since come to find similar acclaim. Among others in that are closely tied to the Gang Starr Foundation who have worked with DJ Premier include Afu Ra, Krumbsnatcha, Big Shug, Smiley the Ghetto Child, and NYGz. He recently produced the majority of Blaq Poet's The Blaqprint in 2009 and will produce the entirety of NYG'z debut album.

Style and influences

DJ Premier's style of production epitomizes the New York sound of his earlier peers. He is known for sampling jazz, funk, and soul artists, as well as sampling an artist's past work when creating a new track for that same artist. For example, on Jay-Z's "So Ghetto", from the 1999 album, Vol. 3… Life and Times of S. Carter, Premier samples an older Jay-Z song, 1997's "Who You Wit II". In addition, his encyclopedic memory of hip-hop lyrics allows him to distinctively speak with his hands by scratching in lyrics from several different songs to construct new phrases. Premier's beats are known for his oft-imitated combinations of short vocal samples, often from multiple artists, to create a chorus. Premier has also experimented with atonal samples that are not confined to soul, jazz, and funk. For example, he sampled chopped up seminal electro-acoustic music from the 1960s on the track “Mental Stamina” by Jeru the Damaja.

In an interview with XXL Magazine, DJ Premier was asked how his sound evolved, to which he replied, "Marley Marl is my number one inspiration. Jam Master Jay, Mixmaster Ice and UTFO. Grandmaster D and Whodini. DJ Cheese, Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa. Jazzy Jay, even Cut Creator. Seeing them do what they do. It’s black music, it’s black culture, it comes from the ghetto. How can you not relate to ghetto people when that’s the rawest form of blackness? Even though it’s not a good place in regards to the economy and how bad people have it in the neighborhood, the realism’s there, and that’s what we were born out of. So I very much pay respect by doing the same type of music in return." DJ Premier attended Prairie View A & M University and may have been influenced by the musical atmosphere at the university.

Relationships with artists

The early line-up of the Gang Starr Foundation in the mid-’90s included Jeru The Damaja, Group Home, Big Shug, and Gang Starr. DJ Premier was fully responsible for the production of Jeru the Damaja's first two albums, The Sun Rises in the East and Wrath of the Math. Jeru released three albums since then, with Premier having nothing to do with any of them.

As far as Group Home was concerned, Premier commented, "They don't respect what fed them," in a 2003 interview, going on to say that the only reason he produced a track on their second album was because Guru said he would rhyme on it.

Besides the Gang Starr Foundation, Premier is closely affiliated with M.O.P., which he names as one of his all-time favorite groups. The relationship started with the remix of “Rugged, Neva Smoove” in 1994, a single from the group's first album, which also included the exclusive B-side “Downtown Swinga.” From then, Premier produced about one-third of the songs on each subsequent album and overseeing and mixing the projects. On M.O.P.'s 2009 Foundation album, however, DJ Premier provided only one track, which was called "What I Wanna B."

Recent and future projects

DJ Premier has his own record company named Year Round Records. Among its artists are New York group NYGz, New Jersey rapper Nick Javas, and Houston rapper Khaleel. Tha Blaqprint by Blaq Poet, which has thirteen Premier productions, was released by Year Round Records through Fat Beats Records. On December 7, Premier's label Year Round Records released a digital compilation album titled Get Used to Us. At the moment Year Round plans to release an debut album fully produced by DJ Premier with the NYGz tenatively called Hustla's Union: Local NYG along with an Nick Javas debut album named Destination Unknown. Khaleel, another label-mate of Year Round Records, is planned to release an debut album titled Already!.

DJ Premier hosts a weekly 2 hour show Live From HeadQCourterz on SIRIUS Satellite Radio's Hip-Hop Nation on Fridays.

In a recent interview, DJ Premier said that he has the desire to work with Drake and J. Cole. He said that he will produce a beat for Immortal Technique's upcoming album, titled The Middle Passage. He contributed a song on Game's last album (The R.E.D. Album) called "Born in the Trap." and a song on Bushido's last album Jenseits von Gut und Böse.

Discography

References

External links

Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:African hip hop DJs Category:People from Brooklyn Category:Musicians from Texas Category:Musicians from New York Category:Hip hop record producers Category:American record producers Category:American hip hop record producers Category:Southern hip hop musicians Category:African American musicians Category:East Coast hip hop musicians Category:Members of the Nation of Gods and Earths Category:African American record producers

da:DJ Premier de:DJ Premier es:DJ Premier fr:DJ Premier ko:디제이 프리미어 it:DJ Premier he:די ג'יי פרמייר sw:DJ Premier nl:DJ Premier ja:DJプレミア pl:DJ Premier pt:DJ Premier fi:DJ Premier sv:DJ Premier tr:DJ Premier

alt	A mid-twenties African American man wearing a sequined military jacket and dark sunglasses. He is walking while waving his right hand, which is adorned with a white glove. His left hand is bare.
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michael Joseph Jackson
alias	Michael Joe Jackson
birth date	August 29, 1958
birth place	Gary, Indiana, U.S.
death date	June 25, 2009
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
instrument	Vocals
genre	R&B;, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, New jack swing
occupation	Singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, musician, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, philanthropist
years active	1964–2009
label	Motown, Epic, Legacy
associated acts	The Jackson 5
relatives	Janet Jackson (sister), Paris Jackson (daughter)
website	130pxMichael Jackson's signature }}

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.

In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B;, pop and rock artists.

Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.

Life and career

Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)

Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B; band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.

Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B; Album, Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B; Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B; Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B; Album and Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.

Thriller and Motown 25 (1982–83)

In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows. The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It," and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'." Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work. Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989. HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG. With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media. "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey. He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.

In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual. He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World". The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries. In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.

HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia. Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B; ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media. In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot". Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins. It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B; in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".

Vocal style

Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album. Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly". 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".

A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him. The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals. When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies". Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".

Music videos and choreography

Referred to as the King of Music Videos, Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.; His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.

In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.

}} ;Bibliography

George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.

Further reading

External links

Michael Jackson Live: Best Pics – slideshow by Life magazine

Michael Jackson at MTV

FBI file on Michael Jackson

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name	Michael J. Fox OC
birth name	Michael Andrew Fox
birth date	June 09, 1961
birth place	Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
spouse	Tracy Pollan (1988–present; 4 children)
occupation	Actor, author, producer, activist, voice-over artist
years active	1973–present }}

Michael J. Fox, OC (born Michael Andrew Fox; June 9, 1961) is a Canadian–American actor, author, producer, activist and voice-over artist. With a film and television career spanning from the late 1970s, Fox's roles have included Marty McFly from the Back to the Future trilogy (1985–1990); Alex P. Keaton from Family Ties (1982-1989) for which he won three Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award; and Mike Flaherty from Spin City (1996–2000), for which he won an Emmy, three Golden Globes, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991, and disclosed his condition to the public in 1998. Fox semi-retired from acting in 2000 as the symptoms of his disease worsened. He has since become an activist for research toward finding a cure. This led him to create the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and on March 5, 2010, Sweden's Karolinska Institutet gave him a honoris causa doctorate for his work in advocating a cure for Parkinson's disease.

Since 2000 Fox has mainly worked as a voice over actor in films such as Stuart Little and Atlantis: The Lost Empire, and taken minor TV roles such as in Boston Legal, The Good Wife and Scrubs. He has also released three books, Lucky Man: A Memoir (2002), Always Looking Up: The Adventures of an Incurable Optimist (2009) and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future: Twists and Turns and Lessons Learned (2010). He was inducted as an Officer of the Order of Canada on May 27, 2011 for his outreach and fundraising work.

Early life

Michael Andrew Fox was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the son of Phyllis (née Piper), an actress and payroll clerk, and William Fox, a police officer and member of the Canadian Forces. Fox's family lived in various cities and towns across Canada because of his father's career. The family finally moved to the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, when his father retired in 1971. He currently lives in Vancouver. Fox attended Burnaby Central Secondary School, and now has a theatre named after him in Burnaby South Secondary.

Fox starred in the Canadian television series Leo and Me at the age of fifteen, and in 1979, moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career at the age of eighteen. Shortly after his marriage, he decided to move back to Vancouver, BC. Fox is one of four members of the Leo and Me cast and crew who eventually developed Parkinson's disease in mid-life, an unusually high number that led to some investigation as to whether an environmental factor may have played a role.

Fox was discovered by producer Ronald Shedlo and made his American television debut in the television movie Letters from Frank, credited under the name "Michael Fox". He intended to continue to use the name, but when he registered with the Screen Actors Guild, which does not allow duplicate registration names to avoid credit ambiguities, he discovered that Michael Fox, a veteran character actor, was already registered under the name. As he explained in his autobiography, Lucky Man: A Memoir, and in interviews, he needed to come up with a different name. He did not like the sound of "Andrew" or "Andy" Fox, so he decided to adopt a new middle initial and settled on "J", as a homage to actor Michael J. Pollard.

Acting career

Early career

Fox's first feature film roles were in Midnight Madness (1980) and Class of 1984 (1982), credited in both as Michael Fox. Shortly afterward, he began playing "Young Republican" Alex P. Keaton in the show Family Ties which aired on NBC for seven seasons, from 1982 to 1989. Fox only received the role after Matthew Broderick was unavailable. Family Ties had been sold to the television network using the pitch "hip parents, square kids," with the parents originally intended to be the main characters. However, the positive reaction to Fox's performance led to his character becoming the focus of the show following the fourth episode. At its peak, the audience for Family Ties drew one-third of America's households every week. Fox won three Emmy awards for Family Ties in 1986, 1987 and 1988 respectively. He also won a Golden Globe Award in 1989.

Brandon Tartikoff, one of the show's producers, felt that Fox was too short in relation to the actors playing his parents, and tried to have him replaced. Tartikoff reportedly said that "this is not the kind of face you'll ever find on a lunch-box". After his later successes, Fox presented Tartikoff with a custom-made lunch-box with the inscription "To Brandon, this is for you to put your crow in. Love and Kisses, Michael J. Fox". Tartikoff kept the lunch-box in his office for the rest of his NBC career.

While filming Family Ties, Fox met his future wife, Tracy Pollan, when she portrayed his girlfriend, Ellen. When Fox left the TV series Spin City, his final episodes made numerous allusions to Family Ties: Michael Gross (who played Alex's father Steven) portrays Mike Flaherty's (Fox's) therapist, and there is a reference to an off-screen character named "Mallory". Also, when Flaherty becomes an environmental lobbyist in Washington D.C., he meets a conservative senator from Ohio named Alex P. Keaton, and in one episode Meredith Baxter played Mike's mother.

Back to the Future trilogy

Back to the Future tells the story of Marty McFly (Fox), a teenager who is accidentally sent back in time from 1985 to 1955. He meets his parents in high school, accidentally attracting his mother's romantic interest. Marty must repair the damage to history by causing his parents to fall in love, while finding a way to return to 1985. Robert Zemeckis, the director, originally wanted Fox to play Marty but Gary David Goldberg the creator of Family Ties, which Fox was working on at the time refused to allow Zemeckis to even approach Fox as he felt that as Meredith Baxter was on maternity leave at the time that Fox's character Alex Keaton was needed to carry the show in her absence. Eric Stoltz was cast and was already filming Back to the Future, but Zemeckis felt that Stoltz was not giving the right type of performance for the humor involved. Zemeckis quickly replaced Stoltz with Fox whose schedule was now more open with the return of Meredith Baxter. During filming, Fox would rehearse for Family Ties from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m, then rush to the Back to the Future set where he would rehearse and shoot until 2:30 a.m. This schedule lasted for two full months. Back to the Future was both a commercial and critical success. The film spent 8 consecutive weekends as the number one grossing movie at the US box office in 1985, and eventually earned a worldwide total of $381.11 million. Variety applauded the performances, arguing Fox and Lloyd imbued Marty and Doc Brown's friendship with a quality reminiscent of King Arthur and Merlin. Two sequels, Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III, were released in 1989 and 1990, respectively.

Mid-career

During and immediately after the Back to the Future trilogy, Fox starred in Teen Wolf (1985), Light of Day (1987), The Secret of My Success (1987), Bright Lights, Big City (1988) and Casualties of War (1989).

In The Secret of My Success, Fox played a recent graduate from Kansas State University who moves to New York City where he has to deal with the downs and ups of the business world. The film was successful at the box office, taking $110 million worldwide. Roger Ebert in The Chicago Sun Times wrote; "Fox provides a fairly desperate center for the film. It could not have been much fun for him to follow the movie's arbitrary shifts of mood, from sitcom to slapstick, from sex farce to boardroom brawls."

In Bright Lights, Big City Fox played a fact-checker for a New York magazine, who spends his nights partying with alcohol and drugs. The film received mixed reviews, with Hal Hinson in The Washington post criticizing Fox by claiming that "he was the wrong actor for the job". Meanwhile Roger Ebert praised the actor's performance: "Fox is very good in the central role (he has a long drunken monologue that is the best thing he has ever done in a movie)". During the shooting of Bright Lights, Big City, Michael was reunited with his on-screen girlfriend Tracy Pollan from Family Ties.

Fox then starred in Casualties of War, a war drama about the Vietnam War, alongside Sean Penn. Casualties of War was not a box office hit, but Fox, playing a Private serving in Vietnam, received good reviews for his performance. Don Willmott on film critic’s website wrote; "Fox, only one year beyond his Family Ties sitcom silliness, rises to the challenges of acting as the film's moral voice and sharing scenes with the always intimidating Penn."

In 1991, he starred in Doc Hollywood, a romantic comedy about a talented medical doctor who decides to become a plastic surgeon. While relocating from Washington D.C. to Los Angeles, California, he winds up as a doctor in a small southern town. Michael Caton-Jones, from Time Out, described Fox in the film as "at his frenetic best". The Hard Way was also released in 1991, with Fox playing an undercover actor learning from police officer James Woods. Between 1992 and 1996, he continued making several films, such as For Love or Money (1993), Life With Mikey (1993) and Greedy (1994). Fox then played small supporting roles in political drama The American President (1995) and comedy Mars Attacks! (1996).

His last major film role was in The Frighteners (1996). The Frighteners tells the story of Frank Bannister (Fox), an architect who develops psychic abilities allowing him to see, hear, and communicate with ghosts. After losing his wife, he uses his new abilities by cheating customers out of money for his "ghosthunting" business. However, a mass murderer comes back from Hell, prompting Frank to investigate the supernatural presence. Fox's performance received critical praise, Kenneth Turan in The Los Angeles Times wrote; "The film's actors are equally pleasing. Both Fox, in his most successful starring role in some time, and Alvarado, who looks rather like Andie MacDowell here, have no difficulty getting into the manic spirit of things."

Fox has also done voice-over work providing the voice of Stuart Little in the Stuart Little movie and its sequel, both of which were based on the popular book by E. B. White. He also voiced the American Bulldog Chance in Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey and its sequel Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco, as well as Milo Thatch in Atlantis: The Lost Empire.

Spin City and later career

Spin City ran from 1996 to 2002 on American television network channel ABC. The show was based on a fictional local government running New York City, originally starring Fox as Mike Flaherty, a Fordham Law graduate serving as the Deputy Mayor of New York. Fox won an Emmy award for Spin City in 2000, three Golden Globe Awards in 1998, 1999 and 2000 and two Screen Actors Guild Awards in 1999 and 2000. During the third season of Spin City, Fox made the announcement to the cast and crew of the show that he had Parkinson's Disease. During the fourth season, he announced his retirement from the show to focus on spending more time with his family. He announced that he planned to continue to act and would make guest appearances on Spin City (he made three more appearances on the show during the final season). After leaving the show, he was replaced by Charlie Sheen, who portrayed the character Charlie Crawford. Altogether, 145 episodes were made. Fox also served as an executive producer during his time on the show, alongside co-creators Bill Lawrence and Gary David Goldberg.

In 2004, Fox guest starred in two episodes of the comedy-drama Scrubs as Dr. Kevin Casey, a surgeon with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. The series was created by Spin City creator Bill Lawrence. In 2006, he appeared in four episodes of Boston Legal as a lung cancer patient. The producers brought him back in a recurring role for Season three, beginning with the season premiere. Fox was nominated for an Emmy Award for best guest appearance. In 2009, he appeared in five episodes of the television series Rescue Me which earned him an Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. Since 2000 Fox has released three books, Lucky Man: A Memoir (2002), Always Looking Up: The Adventures of an Incurable Optimist (2009) and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future: Twists and Turns and Lessons Learned (2010). In 2010, Fox returned to television as a guest star in US drama The Good Wife. Fox will make another guest-star appearance on The Good Wife in episode 13.

He made an appearance at the 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony in Vancouver, Canada and delivered comedic monologues, along with William Shatner and Catherine O'Hara, in the "I am Canadian" part of the show.

Along with Tatjana Patitz, Fox appears in the 2011 Carl Zeiss AG calendar, photographed by Bryan Adams in New York City in the summer of 2010.

Despite a soundalike voicing his character of Marty McFly in the 2011 Back to the Future episodic adventure game, Fox lent his likeness to the in-game version of McFly alongside Christopher Lloyd. Fox makes a special guest appearance in the final episode of the series as an elder version of Marty, as well as his great grandfather Willie McFly.

Personal life

Fox married actress Tracy Pollan on July 16, 1988, at West Mountain Inn in Arlington, Vermont. The couple have four children: Sam Michael (born May 30, 1989), twins Aquinnah Kathleen and Schuyler Frances (born February 15, 1995), and Esmé Annabelle (born November 3, 2001). Fox holds dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship. On February 28, 2010, Fox provided a light-hearted segment during the 2010 Winter Olympics' closing ceremony which took place in Vancouver, Canada wherein he expressed how proud he is to be Canadian. On June 4, 2010, the City of Burnaby, British Columbia honoured Fox by granting him the Freedom of the City.

Illness and activism

Fox started displaying symptoms of early-onset Parkinson's disease in 1990 while shooting the movie Doc Hollywood, although he was not properly diagnosed until the next year. After his diagnosis, Fox began drinking more heavily than in the past; however, he sought help and stopped drinking altogether. In 1998, he decided to go public with his condition, and since then he has been a strong advocate of Parkinson's disease research. His foundation, The Michael J. Fox Foundation, was created to help advance every promising research path to curing Parkinson's disease, through embryonic stem cell studies.

Fox manages the symptoms of his Parkinson's disease with the drug Sinemet, and he also had a thalamotomy in 1998.

His first book, Lucky Man focused on how after seven years of unacceptance of the disease he set up the Michael J Fox Foundation, stopped drinking and began to be an advocate of PD sufferers.

In Lucky Man, Fox wrote that he did not take his medication prior to his testimony before the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee in 1998;

In an April 2002 NPR interview, Fox explained what he does when he becomes symptomatic during an interview;

In 2006, Fox starred in a campaign ad for then-Missouri State Auditor Claire McCaskill in her 2006 Senate campaign against incumbent Jim Talent, expressing her support for stem cell research. In the ad, he visibly showed the effects of his Parkinson's medication; The New York Times called it "one of the most powerful and talked about political advertisements in years" and polls indicated that the commercial had a statistical impact on the way voters voted, in an election that McCaskill won. His second book Always Looking Up: The Adventures Of An Incurable Optimist describes his life between 1999 and 2009, with much of the book centered on how Fox got into campaigning for stem cell research. On March 31, 2009, Fox appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show with Dr. Oz to publicly discuss his condition as well as his book, his family and his prime time special which aired May 7, 2009 (Michael J. Fox: Adventures of an Incurable Optimist).

His work led him to be named one of the 100 people "whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world" in 2007 by Time magazine. On March 5, 2010, Fox received an honorary doctorate in medicine from Karolinska Institutet for his contributions to research in Parkinson's disease. He also has received an honorary doctor of laws from the University of British Columbia.

Filmography

Actor

+ Film
! Year	! Film	! Role	Notes
1980		Scott Larson
1982	Class of 1984	Arthur
1985	Back to the Future	Marty McFly
1985	Teen Wolf	Scott Howard
1987	Light of Day	Joe Rasnick
1987		Brantley Foster/Carlton Whitfield
1988		Jamie Conway
1989	Casualties of War	PFC. Eriksson
1989	Back to the Future Part II	Marty McFly, Marty McFly Jr, Marlene McFly
1990	Back to the Future Part III	Marty McFly, Seamus McFly
1991		Nick Lang/Ray Casanov
1991	Doc Hollywood	Dr. Benjamin Stone
1993	Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey	Chance
1993	Life with Mikey	Michael "Mikey" Chapman
1993		Doug Ireland
1994	Where the Rivers Flow North	Clayton Farnsworth
1994		Daniel McTeague
1995	Blue in the Face	Pete Maloney
1995		Tim Alexander
1995		Lewis Rothschild
1996	Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco	Chance	Voice only
1996		Frank Bannister
1996	Mars Attacks!	Jason Stone
1999		Stuart Little	Voice only
2001	Atlantis: The Lost Empire	Milo James Thatch	Voice only
2002	Interstate 60	Mr. Baker
2002	Stuart Little 2	Stuart Little	Voice only
2005	Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild	Stuart Little	Voice onlyDirect-to-video

{| class = "wikitable sortable" |+ Television |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class = "unsortable" | Notes |- | 1977 | | | Episode: "The Master" |- | 1979 | Letters from Frank | Ricky | CBS television film |- | 1979 | Lou Grant | Paul Stone | Episode: "Kids" |- | 1980 | Palmerstown, U.S.A. | Willy-Joe Hall | |- | 1980 | Family | Richard Topol | Episode: "Such a Fine Line" |- | 1980 | Trouble in High Timber Country | Thomas Elston | ABC television film |- | 1981 | Trapper John, M.D. | Elliot Schweitzer | Episode: Brain Child |- | 1981 | Leo and Me | Jamie | Produced in 1976; was not televised on CBC, until 1981Credited as "Mike Fox" |- | 1982–1989 | Family Ties | Alex P. Keaton | |- | 1983 | | | Episode: "I Like to Be in America..." |- | 1983 | High School U.S.A. | Jay-Jay Manners | NBC television film/pilot |- | 1984 | Night Court | Eddie Simms | Episode: "Santa Goes Downtown" |- | 1984 | | Host | NBC television special |- | 1985 | Poison Ivy | Dennis Baxter | NBC television film |- | 1986 | David Letterman's 2nd Annual Holiday Film Festival | | NBC television special Segment: The Iceman Hummeth |- | 1988 | Mickey's 60th Birthday | Alex P. Keaton (a flashback clip) | Television special |- | 1990 | Sex, Buys & Advertising | | Television special |- | 1991 | Saturday Night Live | Host | Episode: "Michael J. Fox/The Black Crowes" |- | 1991 | Tales from the Crypt | Prosecutor | Episode: "The Trap" |- | 1994 | Don't Drink the Water | Axel Magee | ABC television film |- | 1996–2001 | Spin City | Mike Flaherty | Seasons 1 – 4 |- | 2002 | Clone High | Gandhi's Remaining Kidney | Voice only"Escape to Beer Mountain: A Rope of Sand" |- | 2004 | Scrubs | Dr. Kevin Casey | Episode: "My Catalyst" Episode: "My Porcelain God" |- | 2006 | Boston Legal | Daniel Post | |- | 2009 | Rescue Me | Dwight | |- | 2010 | | Himself | |- | 2010 | | Louis Canning | |- | 2011 | Ace of Cakes | Himself | |- | 2011 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Himself | Season 8 |}

;Video games :Back to the Future: The Game (2011): Willie McFly, Future Marty McFly – Voice only, video game, Episode 5: "Outatime"

Producer

{| class = "wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Notes |- | 1995 | Coldblooded | Producer |- | 1996–2000 | Spin City | Executive producer |- | 1999 | Anna Says | Executive producer |- | 2002 | Otherwise Engaged | Executive producer |- | 2003 | Hench at Home | Executive producer |}

Awards and nominations

Canada's Walk of Fame 2000: Inducted, Canada's Walk of Fame

Hollywood Walk of Fame 2002: Star on the Walk of Fame – 7021 Hollywood Blvd.

Emmy Awards

1985: Nominated, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series – Family Ties

1986: Won, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Family Ties

1987: Won, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Family Ties

1988: Won, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Family Ties

1989: Nominated, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Family Ties

1997: Nominated, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

1998: Nominated, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

1999: Nominated, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

2000: Won, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

2006: Nominated, Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series – Boston Legal

2009: Won, Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series – Rescue Me

2011: Pending, Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series- The Good Wife

Golden Globe Awards

1986: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Family Ties

1986: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture — Comedy/Musical – Back to the Future

1987: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Family Ties

1989: Won, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Family Ties

1997: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Spin City

1998: Won, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Spin City

1999: Won, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Spin City

2000: Won, Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series — Comedy/Musical – Spin City

Screen Actors Guild Awards

1999: Won, Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

2000: Won, Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series – Spin City

Saturn Awards 1985: Won, Best Actor – Back to the Future

People's Choice Awards 1997: Won, Favorite Male Performer in a New Television Series

Satellite Awards 1997: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series — Comedy or Musical – Spin City 1998: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series — Comedy or Musical – Spin City 1999: Nominated, Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series — Comedy or Musical – Spin City

Honorary Degrees 2008: Doctor of Fine Arts, honoris causa, New York University 2008: Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, University of British Columbia 2010: Honoris causa doctorate, Karolinska Institutet

Grammy Awards

2010: Won, Best Spoken Word Album – Always Looking Up: Adventures of An Incurable Optimist

Influential Canadian Expat Award 2009: Awarded "Most Influential Canadian Expat", Canadian Expat Association

Goldene Kamera 2011: Goldene Kamera für Lebenswerk (Lifetime Achievement Award), German film and TV award.

Books

See also

1980 in film

References

External links

The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research

FRONTLINE: Interview with Michael J. Fox Fox's perspective on living with Parkinson's. Posted Jan. 29. 2009

Category:1961 births Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from Alberta Category:Actors from British Columbia Category:American film actors Category:American health activists Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Canadian child actors Category:Canadian expatriate actors in the United States Category:Canadian film actors Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States Category:Canadian television actors Category:Canadian voice actors Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Officers of the Order of Canada Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from North Bay, Ontario Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:People with Parkinson's disease

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birth name	Christopher Allen Lloyd
birth date	October 22, 1938
birth place	Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.
years active	1952–present
occupation	Actor
spouse	Catherine Boyd (1959–1971)Kay Tornborg (1975–1987) Carol Ann Vanek (1988–1991) Jane Walker Wood (1992–2005) }}

Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Emmett Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy, Uncle Fester in The Addams Family films, and Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit. He played Reverend Jim Ignatowski in the television series Taxi and most recently Mr. Goodman in the remake Piranha 3D. He also starred in the short-lived television series Deadly Games, and also was a regular in the short-lived TV series Stacked, in the mid-2000s.

Lloyd has used his vocal talents in animation, frequently voicing villains. He currently voices the character Hacker on the animated PBS series Cyberchase. Lloyd has won three Primetime Emmy Awards and an Independent Spirit Award, and has been nominated for two Saturn Awards and a Daytime Emmy Award.

Early life

Lloyd was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Samuel R. Lloyd, a lawyer, and his wife Ruth (née Lapham), a singer and sister of San Francisco mayor Roger Lapham. His maternal grandfather, Lewis Lapham, was one of the founders of the Texaco oil company, and Lloyd is also a descendant of Mayflower passenger John Howland. Lloyd attended the Fessenden School, a preparatory school in Newton, Massachusetts. Lloyd was raised in New Canaan, Connecticut and Westport, Connecticut, where he graduated from Staples High School in 1958.

His mother, an heiress to the Lapham-Texaco oil fortune, donated her family's ancestral home, Waveny Park, to the town of New Canaan.

Career

He began acting by age 14 and started apprenticing in summer stock. He took acting classes in New York City at age 19, some at the Neighborhood Playhouse with Sanford Meisner. He appeared in several Broadway productions, including Happy End, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Red, White and Maddox, Kaspar, The Harlot and the Hunted, The Seagull, Total Eclipse, Macbeth, In the Boom Boom Room, Cracks, Professional Resident Company, What Every Woman Knows, And They Put Handcuffs on the Flowers, The Father, King Lear, and Power Failure.

His first major motion picture role was as a psychiatric patient in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Prior to this, he appeared uncredited in the 1970 film Airport. However, he may be most remembered for his roles as Reverend Jim Ignatowski, the ex-hippie cabbie on the TV sitcom Taxi, and the eccentric inventor Emmett "Doc" Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy of science fiction films, for which he was nominated for a Saturn Award. He portrayed the villain Maj. Bartholomew 'Butch' Cavendish in The Legend of the Lone Ranger a role he has played numerous times in various spin-offs and incarnations. He also played notable roles as Klingon Commander Kruge in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Professor Plum in "Clue", Professor Dimple in an episode of Road to Avonlea, the title role in The Pagemaster, the villain Judge Doom in Disney/Amblin's Who Framed Roger Rabbit, a wacky sound effects man named Zoltan in Radioland Murders, and Uncle Fester in the big screen adaptations of The Addams Family. In 1999 Lloyd was reunited onscreen with Michael J. Fox in an episode of Spin City titled "Back to the Future IV — Judgment Day" where Lloyd plays Owen Kingston, Mike Flaherty's (Fox's character) former mentor who stops by City Hall to see him, only to proclaim himself as God. That same year, he starred in the movie remake of the 1960s series My Favorite Martian. Also in November 2007, Lloyd was reunited onscreen with his former Taxi co-star Judd Hirsch in the Season 4 episode "Graphic" of the TV series Numb3rs.

Lloyd also acted as the star in the point-and-click adventure game Toonstruck, which released in November 1996.

He played Ebenezer Scrooge in a 2008 production of A Christmas Carol at the Kodak Theatre with John Goodman and Jane Leeves. In 2009, he appeared in a trailer for a fake horror film, entitled Gobstopper, where he played Willy Wonka as a horror movie villain.

In October 2009, he did a two-man show with comedy upcomer Joe Gallois in several Midwest cities.

In September 2010, he reprised his role as Doctor Emmett Brown in Back to the Future: The Game, an episodic adventure game series being developed by Telltale Games.

In the summer of 2010, he starred as Willy Loman in a Weston Playhouse production of Death of a Salesman.

On its January 21, 2011 episode, he appeared in the J.J. Abrams television series Fringe.

Personal life

Lloyd seldom appears in public or gives interviews. Some of his best friends, co-stars and fans who have met him describe Lloyd as a very shy and quiet man. Lloyd has been married four times but he has never had children. His nephew, Sam Lloyd, is best known for playing Ted Buckland, the lawyer on Scrubs. Lloyd's home was destroyed in the Tea Fire of November 2008 in Montecito, California.

At a Q&A; session at a Back to the Future trilogy showing in Hollywood in the summer of 2009, Lloyd was asked which of the Back to the Future films was his favorite. He responded "the third one, because for one thing it's a Western and I'm a fan of those, and second, it had a love story. I had always wanted to be in a love story and here I got a chance to be at the center of one". Nearly a year later on May 1, 2010, he appeared at the Tampa Theatre during a screening of Back to the Future, where he participated in another Q&A.;

Filmography

! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
		Patron in diner	Uncredited
		Max Taber
	Goin' South	Deputy Towfield
	Reverend Jim Ignatowski	Emmy Award, Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (1982, 1983)
Three Warriors	Steve Chaffey
		Jailhouse lawyer
	Frognose
	The Legend of the Lone Ranger	Maj. Bartholomew 'Butch' Cavendish
	Mr. Mom	Larry
	S.S. Captain Schultz
		Phillip Semenko	Episode “I'll Be Seeing You” (season 2, episode 21)
Star Trek III: The Search for Spock	Klingon Commander Kruge
The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension	John Bigbooté
National Lampoon's Joy of Sex	Coach Hindenberg
	Back to the Future		Nomination - Saturn Award, Best Supporting Actor
	Professor Plum
Street Hawk (TV)	Anthony Corrido	Special guest star in pilot episode
		Harry
		Reggie Shand / Henry Shand
	Track 29	Henry Henry
Who Framed Roger Rabbit	Judge Doom	Nomination - Saturn Award, Best Supporting Actor
Eight Men Out
		Henry Sikorsky
Back to the Future Part II
	Back to the Future Part III
	Bruno Daley
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp		Voice talent
	Back to the Future: The Ride		Simulator ride
Back to the Future: The Animated Series	Doc Emmett L. Brown	Human parts
Suburban Commando	Charlie Wilcox
	Uncle Fester Addams
		Professor B.O. Beanes
Road to Avonlea (TV)	Professor Dimple-Guest star role
T bone 'N' Weasel	William 'Weasel' Weasler
''Dead Ahead: The Exxon Valdez Disaster	Frank Iarossi
		Switchblade Sam	Switchblade Sam is the only character in the film never referred to by his name, and the main antagonist.
Addams Family Values	Uncle Fester Addams
Twenty Bucks	Jimmy	Won an Independent Spirit Award
		Al "The Boss" Angel
Camp Nowhere	Dennis Van Welker
The Pagemaster	Mr. Dewey / The Pagemaster
In Search of Dr. Seuss	Mr. Hunch
Radioland Murders	Zoltan: Eccentric sound designer
	Rent-a-Kid	Lawrence 'Larry' Kayvey
Deadly Games	Jordan Kenneth Lloyd / Sebastian Jackal
Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead	Pieces
	Cadillac Ranch	Wood Grimes
Toonstruck	Drew Blanc	Point-and-click adventure game
	Quicksilver Highway	Aaron Quicksilver
	Grigori Rasputin	Voice talent
Angels in the Endzone	Al "The Boss" Angel
The Real Blonde	Ernst
		Uncle Martin
	The White Knight
Baby Geniuses	Heep
Convergence	Morley Allen	Original film title: Premonition
	Jim Ignatowski,Taxi Remake
Spin City	Owen Kingston
	Jarvis Moody
		Dr. Harvey Kelekian
When Good Ghouls Go Bad	Uncle Fred Walker
	Leo
	Interstate 60	Ray
Wish You Were Dead	Bruce
Hey Arnold!: The Movie	Coroner
Cyberchase (TV)		Voice talent and lead role
The Big Time (TV)	Doc Powers
	Haunted Lighthouse	Cap'n Jack
	Cletus Poffenberger
	I Dream (TV)	Prof. Toone
Malcolm in the Middle (TV)	Hal's Father
	Stacked (TV)	Professor Harold March
Here Comes Peter Cottontail: The Movie	Seymour S. Sassafrass
Bad Girls From Valley High	Mr. Chauncey
	Lawrence Lessig	Portrayed the real life Lawrence Lessig
		Michael
Valerie on the Stairs (TV)	Everett Neely	Episode of Masters of Horror
	Numb3rs (TV)	Ross Moore
	Law & Order: Criminal Intent (TV)	Carmine
	Grandpa
	Hovis
		Dr. Lehman
Knights of Bloodsteel (TV)	Tesselink
	'Grandpa' Bill Hale
Foodfight!	Mr. Clipboard
Santa Buddies	Stan Cruge
	Piranha 3-D	Mr. Goodman
	The Caretaker
	Dr. Leo Dreyfus	Episode S03E16: "Chuck Versus the Tooth"
	Headmaster
Back to the Future: The Game		Video game
The Witches of Oz
		Roscoe Joyce
Piranha 3DD	Mr. Goodman	post-production
	Pete	post-production
	Thicker	Augustine	filming
Excuse Me For Living	Lars	filming

Awards

Awards and Honors

! Award	! Category	! Result	! Year
Primetime Emmy Awards	Comedy Series		1982
Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series		1982
Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series/Road to Avonlea		1992
Saturn Awards	Best Supporting Actor/Back to the Future		1986
Saturn Awards	Best Supporting Actor / Who Framed Roger Rabbit		1990
Independent Spirit Awards	Best Supporting Male/Twenty Bucks		1994
DVD Exclusive Awards	Best Actor/When Good Ghouls Go Bad		2001
Daytime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program/Cyberchase		2008
Drama Desk Award	Best Performance/Kaspar		1973

Further reading

Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater, Davi Napoleon. Includes discussion of Lloyd's early work off-Broadway, including the production of Happy End at the Chelsea Theater Center and on Broadway, Kaspar, and Total Eclipse. Iowa State University Press. ISBN-0-8138-1713-7, 1991.

References

External links

Category:1938 births Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Actors from Connecticut Category:Darrow School alumni Category:Independent Spirit Award winners Category:Living people Category:Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre alumni Category:People from Stamford, Connecticut Category:Writers Guild of America Award winners

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