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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, he is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
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- philosophy
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Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning "for this". It generally signifies a solution designed for a specific problem or task, non-generalizable, and not intended to be able to be adapted to other purposes. Compare A priori.
Common examples are organizations, committees, and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task. In other fields the term may refer, for example, to a military unit created under special circumstances, a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol, or a purpose-specific equation.
Ad hoc can also have negative connotations, suggesting a makeshift solution, inadequate planning, or improvised events.
Ad hoc committee, commission, or organization
Ad hoc organizations, including committees and private non-profit organizations, are used when an objective needs consideration and no standing organization or committee within said organization can absorb that issue into its scope. Usually these committees are used on a temporary basis, such as temporary oversight of an issue, or review of the standing rules or the constitution of that organization.
An ad hoc organization may have, in some cases, a long-term or indefinite duration of existence. In these cases, an initial workgroup or forum may give place to a more permanent form of organization. An exaggerated typical example is the OSCE.
Under the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, ad hoc events such as athletic contests, exhibitions, expeditions, fairs, and festivals are considered to be corporate bodies, and can be used as corporate body access points.
Ad hoc hypothesis
In science and philosophy, ad hoc means the addition of extraneous hypotheses to a theory to save it from being falsified. Ad hoc hypotheses compensate for anomalies not anticipated by the theory in its unmodified form. Scientists are often skeptical of theories that rely on frequent, unsupported adjustments to sustain them. Ad hoc hypotheses are often characteristic of pseudoscientific subjects. Much of scientific understanding relies on the modification of existing hypotheses or theories, but these modifications are distinguished from ad hoc hypotheses in that the anomalies being explained propose a new means of being real.
Ad hoc hypotheses are not necessarily incorrect, however. An interesting example of an apparently supported ad hoc hypothesis was Albert Einstein's addition of the cosmological constant to general relativity in order to allow a static universe. Although he later referred to it as his "greatest blunder," it has been found to correspond quite well to the theories of dark energy.
Ad hoc querying
Ad hoc querying is a term in information science.Many application software systems have an underlying database which can be accessed by only a limited number of queries and reports. Typically these are available via some sort of menu, and will have been carefully designed, pre-programmed and optimized for performance by expert programmers.
By contrast, "ad hoc" reporting systems allow the users themselves to create specific, customized queries. Typically this would be via a user-friendly GUI-based system without the need for the in-depth knowledge of SQL, or database schema that a programmer would have.
Because such reporting has the potential to severely degrade the performance of a live system, it is usually provided over a data warehouse.
Ad hoc querying/reporting is a business intelligence subtopic, along with OLAP, data warehousing, data mining and other tools.
Ad hoc military
In military, ad hoc units are created during unpredictable situations, when the cooperation between different units is needed for fast action. An example would be a military breakout.
Ad hoc networking
The term ad hoc networking typically refers to a system of network elements that combine to form a network requiring little or no planning. :See Wireless ad hoc network.
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Category:Latin words and phrases
bn:অ্যাড হক br:Ad hoc bg:Ad hoc ca:Ad hoc cs:Ad hoc da:Ad hoc de:Ad hoc et:Ad hoc el:Ad hoc es:Ad hoc fa:اد هاک gl:Ad hoc ko:Ad hoc hr:Ad hoc id:Ad hoc it:Ad hoc he:אד הוק hu:Ad hoc ml:അഡ്ഹോക്ക് കമ്മിറ്റി nl:Ad hoc ja:アドホック no:Ad hoc nn:Ad hoc pl:Ad hoc pt:Ad hoc ro:Ad hoc ru:Ad hoc sk:Ad hoc sl:Ad hoc fi:Ad hoc sv:Ad hoc tr:Ad hoc uk:Ad hoc zh:Ad hocThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.