Name | HTML5(}} |
---|
Name | XHTML5 |
---|---|
Extension | .xhtml, .xht, .xml, .html, .htm |
Mime | application/xml, application/xhtml+xml |
Owner | World Wide Web Consortium and WHATWG |
Genre | Markup language |
Predecessor | XHTML 2.0 |
Extended from | XML, HTML5 |
Free | Yes |
Url |
HTML5 is a language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, a core technology of the Internet. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard (originally created in 1990 and most recently standardized as HTML4 in 1997) and is still under development. Its core aims have been to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia while keeping it easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices (web browsers, parsers, etc.). HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML4, but XHTML1 and DOM2HTML (particularly JavaScript) as well.
Following its immediate predecessors HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1, HTML5 is a response to the observation that the HTML and XHTML in common use on the World Wide Web is a mixture of features introduced by various specifications, along with those introduced by software products such as web browsers, those established by common practice, and the many syntax errors in existing web documents. It is also an attempt to define a single markup language that can be written in either HTML or XHTML syntax. It includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves and rationalises the markup available for documents, and introduces markup and APIs for complex web applications.
In particular, HTML5 adds many new syntactical features. These include the <video>
, <audio>
, <header>
and <canvas>
elements, as well as the integration of SVG content. These features are designed to make it easy to include and handle multimedia and graphical content on the web without having to resort to proprietary plugins and APIs. Other new elements, such as <section>
, <article>
, <header>
, and <nav>
, are designed to enrich the semantic content of documents. New attributes have been introduced for the same purpose, while some elements and attributes have been removed. Some elements, such as <a>
, <cite>
and <menu>
have been changed, redefined or standardized. The APIs and DOM are no longer afterthoughts, but are fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification. HTML5 also defines in some detail the required processing for invalid documents, so that syntax errors will be treated uniformly by all conforming browsers and other user agents.
Even though HTML5 has been well known among web developers for years, it became the topic of mainstream media in April 2010 after Apple Inc's CEO Steve Jobs issued a public letter titled "Thoughts on Flash" where he concludes that with the development of HTML5, Adobe Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content. This sparked a debate in web development circles where some suggested that while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality, developers must consider the varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash.
The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2007. This working group published the First Public Working Draft of the specification on 22 January 2008. The specification is an ongoing work, and is expected to remain so for many years, although parts of HTML5 are going to be finished and implemented in browsers before the whole specification reaches final Recommendation status.
According to the W3C timetable, it was estimated that HTML5 would reach W3C Recommendation by late 2010. However, the First Public Working Draft estimate was missed by eight months, and Last Call and Candidate Recommendation were expected to be reached in 2008, but HTML5 is still at Working Draft stage in the W3C. HTML5 has been at Last Call in the WHATWG since October 2009.
Ian Hickson, editor of the HTML5 specification, expects the specification to reach the Candidate Recommendation stage during 2012. The criterion for the specification becoming a W3C Recommendation is “two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations”. In an interview with TechRepublic, Hickson guessed that this would occur in the year 2022 or later. However, many parts of the specification are stable and may be implemented in products:
In December 2009, WHATWG switched to an unversioned development model for the HTML5 specification. W3C will still continue with publishing a snapshot of the HTML5 specification.
On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. The Working Group is expected to advance HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification, in May 2011. The group will then shift focus to gathering implementation experience. W3C is also developing a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which is now the target date for Recommendation.
The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML document type declaration, <!DOCTYPE html>
, which triggers the standards-compliant rendering mode.
As of 5 January 2009, HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2.0, a previously separate WHATWG specification.
The canvas element for immediate mode 2D drawing. See Canvas 2D API Specification 1.0 specification
Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification. Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification, are as follows. The W3C publishes specifications for these separately.
A common misconception is that HTML5 can provide animation within web pages, which is untrue. Either JavaScript or CSS3 is necessary for animating HTML elements. Animation is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4.
application/xhtml+xml
or application/xml
. XHTML5 requires XML's strict, well-formed syntax. The choice between HTML5 and XHTML5 boils down to the choice of a MIME/content type: the media type you choose determines what type of document should be used. In XHTML5 the HTML5 doctype html
is optional and may simply be omitted. HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML specifications—and which will therefore produce the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML—is termed "polyglot markup".
text/html
article
, aside
, audio
, bdo
, canvas
, command
, datalist
, details
, embed
, figcaption
, figure
, footer
, header
, hgroup
, keygen
, mark
, meter
, nav
, output
, progress
, rp
, rt
, ruby
, section
, source
, summary
, time
, video
, wbr
dates and times
, email
, url
, search
, number
, range
, tel
, color
charset
(on meta
), async
(on script
)id
, tabindex
, hidden
, data-*
(custom data attributes)acronym
, applet
, basefont
, big
, center
, dir
, font
, frame
, frameset
, isindex
, noframes
, strike
, tt
dev.w3.org provides the latest Editors Draft (last dated 10 May 2011) of "HTML5 differences from HTML4", which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5.
When initially presenting it to the public, the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a "general-purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies, including HTML5, CSS, SVG, WOFF, and others". Some web standard advocates, including The Web Standards Project, criticised that definition of "HTML5" as an umbrella term, pointing out the blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication. Three days later, the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo's definition, dropping the enumeration of related technologies. The W3C then said the logo "represents HTML5, the cornerstone for modern Web applications".
Category:Emerging standards Category:Markup languages Category:World Wide Web Consortium standards Category:XML-based standards
ar:إتش تي إم إل 5 bg:HTML5 ca:HTML 5 cs:HTML5 da:HTML5 de:HTML5 et:HTML5 el:HTML5 es:HTML 5 fa:اچتیامال۵ fr:HTML5 ko:HTML5 hi:एचटीएमएल(HTML)5 hsb:HTML 5 id:HTML5 is:HTML5 it:HTML5 hu:HTML5 ml:എച്ച്.ടി.എം.എൽ. 5 ms:HTML5 nl:HTML5 ja:HTML5 pl:HTML 5 pt:HTML5 ru:HTML5 sv:HTML5 te:హెచ్టిఎమ్ఎల్5(HTML5) th:HTML5 tr:HTML5 uk:HTML 5 zh:HTML5This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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