- boreal ecosystem
- Campfire cooking
- cherry
- conifer
- construction
- deciduous
- evergreen
- flowering plant
- furniture
- grain (wood)
- heartwood
- latitude
- List of woods
- monocot
- Oak
- Ochroma pyramidale
- Pine
- softwood
- subtropics
- taxus
- temperate
- tree
- tropics
- Ulmus
- vessel element
- wood
- Wood flooring
Hardwood, Harry Filmography

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Published: 23 Oct 2008
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: holidaysolutions

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Published: 16 Mar 2007
- Uploaded: 02 Dec 2011
- Author: ifloorDotCom

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- Duration: 3:15
- Published: 07 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: demellousa

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Published: 16 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 18 Sep 2011
- Author: crazymike033

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Published: 20 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 29 Nov 2011
- Author: ifloorDotCom

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:10
- Published: 16 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 28 Oct 2011
- Author: BuildDirect

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Published: 09 Jan 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Oct 2011
- Author: TadasWoodFlooring





- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Published: 10 Sep 2007
- Uploaded: 29 Nov 2011
- Author: MirageFloors


- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Published: 26 Feb 2008
- Uploaded: 02 Dec 2011
- Author: patrickkirchner

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 29 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 12 Nov 2011
- Author: refinedhardwood



- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Published: 05 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 20 Nov 2011
- Author: kdfisherga

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- Duration: 3:12
- Published: 22 May 2009
- Uploaded: 25 Nov 2011
- Author: Emeraldfloors1968


- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 02 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 24 Nov 2011
- Author: methodicallyflawless

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Published: 23 Oct 2008
- Uploaded: 23 Nov 2011
- Author: FindAnyFloorcom








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Hardwood contrasts with softwood (which comes from conifer trees). Hardwoods are not necessarily harder than softwoods. In both groups there is an enormous variation in actual wood hardness, with the range in density in hardwoods completely including that of softwoods; some hardwoods (e.g. balsa) are softer than most softwoods, while yew is an example of a hard softwood. The hardest hardwoods are much harder than any softwood. There are about a hundred times as many hardwoods as softwoods.
Hardwood cannot be confused with the term 'heartwood' (which can be from hardwood or softwood).
Structure
Hardwoods have a more complex structure than softwoods. The dominant feature separating "hardwoods" from softwoods is the presence of pores, or vessels. The vessels may show considerable variation in size, shape of perforation plates (simple, scalariform, reticulate, foraminate), and structure of cell wall, such as spiral thickenings.
Applications
Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications including: construction, furniture, flooring, cooking, utensils, etc. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood. In the past, tropical hardwoods were easily available but the supply of some species such as Burma, teak, and mahogany are now becoming scarce due to over-exploitation. Cheaper "hardwood" doors, for instance, now consist of a thin veneer bonded to a core of softwood, plywood or medium-density fibreboard (MDF). Hardwoods can also be used in a variety of objects but mainly for furniture or musical instruments because of their density. Different species of hardwood lend themselves to different end uses or construction processes. This is due to the variety of characteristics apparent in different timbers including, density, grain, pore size, growth pattern, wood fibre pattern, flexibility and ability to be steam bent. For example, the interlocked grain of elm wood (Ulmus spp.) makes it suitable for the making of chair seats where the driving in of legs and other components can cause splitting in other woods.
Cooking
There is a correlation between density and calories/volume. This makes the denser hardwoods such as oak, cherry, and apple more suited for camp fires, cooking fires, and smoking meat as they tend to burn hotter and longer than softwoods such as pine or cedar.
Characteristics
As their name suggests, the wood from these trees is generally harder than softwoods. Hardwoods reproduce by flowers, and have broad leaves. Many lose their leaves every autumn and are dormant in the winter.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.