This article is about the numbers 300 to 399. For other uses of 300, see 300 (disambiguation). For the guitar, see Gibson ES-335. For the British tilting train, see British Rail Class 390. For the Dada magazine, see 391 (magazine). For the automobile, see Volvo 340, Ferrari 348, BMW 315, BMW 328 and Porsche 356. For the global warming awareness movement, see 350.org. For a group of hominid fossils, see AL 333. For the jet aircraft, see Tupolev Tu-334. For the propeller driven airliner, see Boeing 377. For the US highway, see U.S. Route 395. For the game developer, see 343 Industries.

300 (three hundred) is the natural number following 299 and preceding 301.

Mathematical properties[link]

It is a triangular number and the sum of a pair of twin primes (149 + 151), as well as the sum of ten consecutive primes (13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47). It is a Harshad number.

Other fields[link]

Three hundred is

• The Three Hundred, the name given to the Spartans who fought to the death at the Battle of Thermopylae (although two were sent away prior to the battle and survived, Aristodemus and Pantites).
• Movies about the Three Hundred and the battle:
  • 300 Spartans (1962)
  • 300 (2007)
• In bowling, a perfect score, achieved by rolling strikes in all ten frames (a total of twelve strikes).
• The lowest possible Fair Isaac credit score.
• In cars:
  • Several different models made and sold by Chrysler:
    • The Chrysler 300 letter series (1955–1965)
    • The Chrysler 300 (1962–1971) — a completely separate model from the letter series
    • The 1970 Hurst 300 — a model with a similar concept to the letter series, though not usually considered by automotive historians to be part of that series
    • The 1979 Chrysler 300 — a limited-edition model built on the Chrysler Cordoba platform and also with a concept similar to the letter series
    • The Chrysler 300M (1999–2004)
    • The modern Chrysler 300 (2005–present)
  • Nissan 300ZX
• In paintball, 300 ft/s is the maximum legal velocity of a shot paintball.

Integers from 301 to 399[link]

300s[link]

301[link]

301 = 7 × 43. 301 is the sum of three consecutive primes (97 + 101 + 103), happy number in base 10, and a HTTP status code, indicating the content has been moved and the change is permanent (permanent redirect). It is also the number of a debated Turkish penal code.

302[link]

302 = 2 × 151. 302 is a Nontotient, and also a HTTP status code indicating the content has been moved (temporary redirect). It is also the displacement in cubic inches of Ford's "5.0" V8.

303[link]

303 = 3 × 101. 303 is the "See Other" HTTP status code, indicating content can be found elsewhere.

304[link]

304 = 2⁴ × 19. 304 is the sum of six consecutive primes (41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61), sum of eight consecutive primes (23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53), primitive semiperfect number, untouchable number, nontotient, and a HTTP code indicated the content has not been modified, and the record number of wickets taken in English cricket season by Tich Freeman in 1928.

305[link]

305 = 5 × 61. 305 is HTTP status code indicating a proxy must be used

306[link]

306 = 2 × 3² × 17. 306 is the sum of four consecutive primes (71 + 73 + 79 + 83), pronic number, Harshad number, and an untouchable number

307[link]

307 is a prime number, Chen prime, and the HTTP status code for "Temporary Redirect"

308[link]

308 = 2² × 7 × 11. 308 is a Nontotient, totient sum of the first 31 integers, Harshad number, heptagonal pyrimidal number, and the sum of two consecutive primes (151 + 157).

309[link]

309 = 3 × 103

310s[link]

310[link]

310 = 2 × 5 × 31. 310 is a sphenic number, noncototient, and self number.

311[link]

311: see 311 (number)

312[link]

312 = 2³ × 3 × 13. 312 is Harshad number and self number

313[link]

See 313.

314[link]

314 = 2 × 157. 314 is a Nontotient.

315[link]

315 = 3² × 5 × 7. 315 is a Harshad number

316[link]

316 = 2² × 79. 316 is a centered triangular number and a centered heptagonal number

317[link]

317 is a Prime number, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, Chen prime, and a strictly non-palindromic number. 317 is also shorthand for the LM317 adjustable regulator chip.

318[link]

318 = 2 × 3 × 53. It is a sphenic number, nontotient, and the sum of twelve consecutive primes (7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47)

319[link]

319 11 × 29. 319 is the sum of three consecutive primes (103 + 107 + 109), Smith number, cannot be represented as the sum of fewer than 19 4th powers, happy number in base 10, and a song by Prince.

320s[link]

320[link]

320 = 2⁶ × 5 = (2⁵) × (2 × 5). 320 is a Leyland number, a popular bitrate, maximum determinant of a 10 by 10 matrix of zeros and ones, and a Harshad number. The largest of only two numbers (92 is the other) which has an hexadecimal representation of its MD5-value that starts with the number itself.

321[link]

321 = 3 × 107, it is also an area code in central Florida.

322[link]

322 = 2 × 7 × 23. 322 is a sphenic, nontotient, untouchable, hashard number. It is also seen as a Skull and Bones reference of power

323[link]

323 = 17 × 19. 323 is the sum of nine consecutive primes (19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53), Motzkin number, self number. See 323 (disambiguation)

324[link]

324 = 2² × 3⁴ = 18². 324 is the sum of four consecutive primes (73 + 79 + 83 + 89), totient sum of the first 32 integers, untouchable number, and a Harshad number.

325[link]

325 = 5² × 13. 325 is a triangular number, hexagonal number, nonagonal number, centered nonagonal number. 325 is the smallest number to be the sum of two squares in 3 different ways: 1² + 18², 6² + 17² and 10² + 15². 325 is also the smallest (and only known) 3-hyperperfect number.

326[link]

326 = 2 × 163. 326 is a Nontotient, noncototient, and an untouchable number.

327[link]

327 = 3 × 109. 327 is a perfect totient number.

328[link]

328 = 2³ × 41. 328 is the sum of the first fifteen primes, and a refactorable number.

329[link]

329 = 7 × 47. 329 is the sum of three consecutive primes (107 + 109 + 113), and a highly cototient number.

330s[link]

330[link]

330 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 11. 330 is sum of six consecutive primes (43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 67), pentatope number, divisible by the number of primes below it, sparsely totient number, and a Harshad number. It is also the number of dimples on a British golf ball.

331[link]

331 is a prime number, cuban prime, sum of five consecutive primes (59 + 61 + 67 + 71 + 73), centered pentagonal number, centered hexagonal number, and Mertens function returns 0.

332[link]

332 = 2² × 83, Mertens function returns 0.

333[link]

333 = 3² × 37, Mertens function returns 0, Harshad number. Symbolically used to represent Choronzon, a demon used in the philosophy of Thelema

334[link]

334 = 2 × 167, Nontotient, self number, long-time highest score in Test cricket (held by Sir Donald Bradman and Mark Taylor)

335[link]

335 = 5 × 67, divisible by the number of primes below it.

336[link]

336 = 2⁴ × 3 × 7, Harshad number, untouchable number, also the number of dimples on an American golf ball.

337[link]

337, prime number, permutable prime with 373 and 733, Chen prime, star number

338[link]

338 = 2 × 13², Nontotient.

339[link]

339 = 3 × 113

340s[link]

340[link]

340 = 2² × 5 × 17, sum of eight consecutive primes (29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59), sum of ten consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53), sum of the first four powers of 4 (4¹ + 4² + 4³ + 4⁴), divisible by the number of primes below it, nontotient, noncototient.

341[link]

341 = 11 × 31, sum of seven consecutive primes (37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61), octagonal number, centered cube number, super-Poulet number. 341 = 11 × 31 is the least composite odd modulus m greater than the base b, that satisfies the Fermat property "b^m−1 − 1 is divisible by m", for bases less than 100 of b = 2, 15, 60, 63 and 78. It is the smallest Fermat pseudoprime.

342[link]

342 = 2 × 3² × 19, pronic number, Harshad number, untouchable number.

343[link]

343 = 7³, nice Friedman number since 343 = (3 + 4)³. It is z in a triplet (x,y,z) such that x⁵ + y² = z³. The speed of sound in dry air at 20 °C (68 °F) is 343 m/s.

• * 343 was the number of New York City Firefighters that died in the events of September 11, 2001.

344[link]

344 = 2³ × 43, octahedral number, noncototient, totient sum of the first 33 integers, refactorable number.

345[link]

345 = 3 × 5 × 23, sphenic number, self number.

346[link]

346 = 2 × 173, Smith number, noncototient.

347[link]

347 is a prime number, safe prime, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, Chen prime, Friedman number since 347 = 7³ + 4, and a strictly non-palindromic number. It is the number of an area code in New York.

348[link]

348 = 2² × 3 × 29, sum of four consecutive primes (79 + 83 + 89 + 97), refactorable number.

349[link]

349, prime number, sum of three consecutive primes (109 + 113 + 127), the number of seats in the Swedish parliament.

350s[link]

350[link]

350 = 2 × 5² × 7, primitive semiperfect number, divisible by the number of primes below it, nontotient. 350.org is an international environmental organization. 350 is the number of cubic inches displaced in the most common form of the Small Block Chevrolet V8.

351[link]

351 = 3³ × 13, triangular number, sum of five consecutive primes (61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79), member of Padovan sequence, Harshad number. Also the 351 Windsor engine from Ford Motor Company as well as the 351 (building) in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

352[link]

352 = 2⁵ × 11, the number of n-Queens Problem solutions for n = 9. The number of international appearances by Kristine Lilly for the USA women's national football (soccer) team, an all-time record for the sport.

353[link]

353 is a prime number, Chen prime, Proth prime, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, palindromic prime, and Mertens function returns 0. 353 is the base of the smallest 4th power that is the sum of 4 other 4th powers, discovered by Norrie in 1911: 353⁴ = 30⁴ + 120⁴ + 272⁴ + 315⁴.

354[link]

354 = 2 × 3 × 59, sphenic number, nontotient, also SMTP code meaning start of mail input.

355[link]

355 = 5 × 71, Smith number, Mertens function returns 0, divisible by the number of primes below it. the numerator of the best simplified rational approximation of pi having a denominator of four digits or fewer. This fraction (355/113) is known as Milü.

356[link]

356 = 2² × 89, Mertens function returns 0, self number.

357[link]

357 = 3 × 7 × 17, sphenic number. Also refers to firearms or ammunition of .357 caliber, with the best-known cartridge of that size being the .357 Magnum. The .357 SIG, whose name was inspired by the performance of the .357 Magnum, is actually a 9 mm or .355 caliber.

358[link]

358 = 2 × 179, sum of six consecutive primes (47 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 67 + 71), Mertens function returns 0.

359[link]

359 is a prime number, safe prime, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, Chen prime, and strictly non-palindromic number.

360s[link]

360[link]

360 has its own article.

361[link]

361 = 19², centered triangular number, centered octagonal number, centered decagonal number, member of the Mian–Chowla sequence; also the number of positions on a standard 19 x 19 Go board.

362[link]

362 = 2 × 181, Mertens function returns 0, nontotient, noncototient.

363[link]

363 = 3 × 11², sum of nine consecutive primes (23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59), Mertens function returns 0, perfect totient number.

364[link]

364 = 2² × 7 × 13, tetrahedral number, sum of twelve consecutive primes (11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53), Mertens function returns 0, nontotient, Harshad number. It is a repdigit in base 3 (111111), base 9 (444), base 25 (EE), base 27 (DD), base 51 (77) and base 90 (44). The total number of gifts received in the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas".

365[link]

365 has its own article

366[link]

366 = 2 × 3 × 61, sphenic number, Mertens function returns 0, noncototient. Also, the number of days in a leap year; it is 26-gonal and 123-gonal.

367[link]

367 is a prime number, self number, happy number, and a strictly non-palindromic number.

368[link]

368 = Is 2⁴ × 23, it is also a Leyland number.

369[link]

369 is the magic constant of the 9 × 9 normal magic square and n-queens problem for n = 9; there are 369 free polyominoes of order 8. With 370, a Ruth–Aaron pair with only distinct prime factors counted.

370s[link]

370[link]

370 = Base 10 Armstrong number since 3³ + 7³ + 0³ = 370, 2 × 5 × 37, sphenic number, sum of four consecutive primes (83 + 89 + 97 + 101), Nontotient, with 369 part of a Ruth–Aaron pair with only distinct prime factors counted, Harshad number, System/370 is a computing architecture from IBM.

371[link]

371 = 7 × 53, Armstrong number since 3³ + 7³ + 1³ = 371, sum of three consecutive primes (113 + 127 + 131), sum of seven consecutive primes (41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 67), sum of the primes from its least to its greatest prime factor (sequence A055233 in OEIS), the next such composite number is 2935561623745.

372[link]

372 = 2² × 3 × 31, sum of eight consecutive primes (31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61), Harshad number, noncototient, untouchable number, refactorable number.

373[link]

373, prime number, balanced prime, sum of five consecutive primes (67 + 71 + 73 + 79 + 83), permutable prime with 337 and 733, palindromic prime, two-sided primes.

374[link]

374 = 2 × 11 × 17, sphenic number, nontotient.

375[link]

375 = 3 × 5³, Harshad number

376[link]

376 = 2³ × 47, 1-automorphic number, nontotient, refactorable number.

377[link]

377 = 13 × 29, Fibonacci number, sum of the squares of the first six primes.

378[link]

378 = 2 × 3³ × 7, triangular number, hexagonal number, Smith number, Harshad number, self number.

379[link]

379 is a prime number, Chen prime, and a happy number in base 10.

380s[link]

380[link]

380 = 2² × 5 × 19, pronic number.

381[link]

381 = 3 × 127, sum of the first sixteen primes. Palindrome in base 2 and base 8. Represents the term "I Love You", (3) words, (8) letters, (1) meaning.

382[link]

382 = 2 × 191, sum of ten consecutive primes (19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59), Smith number.

383[link]

383, prime number, safe prime, Woodall prime, Thabit number, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, palindromic prime. 383 is the cubic displacement in inches of a 350cid Small Block Chevrolet with a 400cid SBC crankshaft, giving it more stroke.

384[link]

384 has its own article

385[link]

385 = 5 × 7 × 11, sphenic number, square pyramidal number.

386[link]

386 = 2 × 193, Nontotient, noncototient, nonagonal number, centered heptagonal number, also shorthand for the Intel 80386 microprocessor chip. 386 generation refers to South Koreans, especially politicians, born in the '60s (ko:386 세대).

387[link]

387 = 3² × 43, also shorthand for the Intel 80387, math coprocessor chip to the 386.

388[link]

388 = 2² × 97

389[link]

389, prime number, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, Chen prime, highly cototient number, self number, strictly non-palindromic number. Also, 389 equals the displacement in cubic inches of the famous Pontiac GTO V-8 engine of 1964-1966. Smallest conductor of a rank 2 Elliptic curve. The port number for LDAP, and the name for the Fedora Directory Server project.

390s[link]

390[link]

390 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 13, sum of four consecutive primes (89 + 97 + 101 + 103), nontotient, System/390 is a computing architecture from IBM.

391[link]

391 = 17 × 23, Smith number, centered pentagonal number.

392[link]

392 = 2³ × 7², Harshad number.

393[link]

393 = 3 × 131, Mertens function returns 0.

394[link]

394 = 2 × 197, Nontotient, noncototient.

395[link]

395 = 5 × 79, sum of three consecutive primes (127 + 131 + 137), sum of five consecutive primes (71 + 73 + 79 + 83 + 89).

396[link]

396 = 2² × 3² × 11, sum of a twin prime (197 + 199), totient sum of the first 36 integers, refactorable number, Harshad number. 396 also refers to the displacement in cubic inches of early Chevrolet Big-Block engines.

397[link]

397, prime number, cuban prime, centered hexagonal number.

398[link]

398 = 2 × 199, Nontotient.

399[link]

399 = 3 × 7 × 19, sphenic number, smallest Lucas–Carmichael number, Harshad number.

Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910 – January 10, 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was an influential American blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player.

With a booming voice and looming physical presence, Burnett is commonly ranked among the leading performers in electric blues; musician and critic Cub Koda declared, "no one could match Howlin' Wolf for the singular ability to rock the house down to the foundation while simultaneously scaring its patrons out of its wits."^[1] A number of songs written or popularized by Burnett—such as "Smokestack Lightnin'", "Back Door Man", "Killing Floor" and "Spoonful"—have become blues and blues rock standards.

At 6 feet, 6 inches (198 cm) and close to 300 pounds (136 kg), he was an imposing presence with one of the loudest and most memorable voices of all the "classic" 1950s Chicago blues singers. This rough-edged, slightly fearsome musical style is often contrasted with the less crude but still powerful presentation of his contemporary and professional rival, Muddy Waters. Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson (Rice Miller), Little Walter Jacobs, and Muddy Waters are usually regarded in retrospect as the greatest blues artists who recorded for Chess in Chicago. Sam Phillips once remarked, "When I heard Howlin' Wolf, I said, 'This is for me. This is where the soul of man never dies.'" In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #51 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".^[2]

Early life[link]

Born in White Station, Mississippi, near West Point, he was named after Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, and was nicknamed Big Foot Chester and Bull Cow in his early years because of his massive size. He explained the origin of the name Howlin' Wolf thus: "I got that from my grandfather [John Jones]." His Grandfather would often tell him stories about the wolves in that part of the country and warn him that if he misbehaved, the howling wolves would "get him". According to the documentary film The Howlin' Wolf Story, Howlin' Wolf's parents broke up when he was young. His very religious mother Gertrude threw him out of the house while he was still a child for refusing to work around the farm; he then moved in with his uncle, Will Young, who treated him badly. When he was 13, he ran away and claimed to have walked 85 miles (137 km) barefoot to join his father, where he finally found a happy home within his father's large family. During the peak of his success, he returned from Chicago to his home town to see his mother again, but was driven to tears when she rebuffed him and refused to take any money he offered her, saying it was from his playing the "Devil's music".

In 1930, Howlin' Wolf met Charley Patton, the most popular bluesman in the Delta at the time. Wolf would listen to Patton play nightly from outside a nearby juke joint. There he remembered Patton playing "Pony Blues," "High Water Everywhere," "A Spoonful Blues," and "Banty Rooster Blues." The two became acquainted and soon Patton was teaching him guitar. "The first piece I ever played in my life was ... a tune about hook up my pony and saddle up my black mare" (Patton's "Pony Blues").^[3] Wolf also learned about showmanship from Patton: "When he played his guitar, he would turn it over backwards and forwards, and throw it around over his shoulders, between his legs, throw it up in the sky."^[3] "Chester [Wolf] could perform the guitar tricks he learned from Patton for the rest of his life."^[3] "Chester learned his lessons well and played with Patton often [in small Delta communities]."^[4]

Howlin' Wolf was also inspired by other popular blues performers of the time, including the Mississippi Sheiks, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Ma Rainey, Lonnie Johnson, Tampa Red, Blind Blake, and Tommy Johnson (two of the earliest songs he mastered were Jefferson's "Match Box Blues" and Leroy Carr's "How Long, How Long Blues"). Country singer Jimmie Rodgers, who was Wolf's childhood idol, was also an influence. Wolf tried to emulate Rodgers' "blue yodel," but found that his efforts sounded more like a growl or a howl. "I couldn't do no yodelin'," Barry Gifford quoted him as saying in Rolling Stone, "so I turned to howlin'. And it's done me just fine."^{[citation needed]} His harmonica playing was modeled after that of Rice Miller (also known as Sonny Boy Williamson II), who had taught him how to play when Howlin Wolf had moved to Parkin, Arkansas, in 1933.

During the 1930s, Wolf performed in the South as a solo performer and with a number of blues musicians, including Floyd Jones, Johnny Shines, Honeyboy Edwards, Sonny Boy Williamson II, Robert Johnson, Robert Jr. Lockwood, Willie Brown, Son House, Willie Johnson. On April 9, 1941, at age thirty, he was inducted into the U.S. Army and was stationed at several army bases. Finding it difficult to adjust to military life, Wolf was discharged November 3, 1943, during the middle of World War II, without ever being sent overseas. Wolf returned to his family and helped with farming, while performing as he had done in the 1930s with Floyd Jones and others. In 1948 he formed a band which included guitarists Willie Johnson and Matt "Guitar" Murphy, harmonica player Junior Parker, a pianist remembered only as "Destruction" and drummer Willie Steele. He began broadcasting on KWEM in West Memphis, Arkansas, alternating between performing and pitching equipment on his father's farm after his family's move to this area in the same year. Eventually, Sam Phillips discovered him and ended up signing him for Memphis Recording Service in 1951.^[5]

Matt "Guitar" Murphy played with Wolf teaching him to play on time. Matt says sometimes he played 13 bars and sometimes 14 and Murphy would cut through to show him how to stay in time, getting it down to 12 bars. Wolf regularly made up lyrics about the band on stage, sometimes in jest and sometimes hurtful. Murphy arranged for Junior Parker to join Wolf's band. Later Parker and Murphy both left to form "The Blue Flames", the name chosen by Murphy.^{[citation needed]}

Career[link]

1950s[link]

In 1950, Howlin' Wolf cut several tracks at Sun Studio in Memphis. He quickly became a local celebrity, and soon began working with a band that included Willie Johnson and guitarist Pat Hare. His first recordings came in 1951, when he recorded sessions for both the Bihari brothers at RPM Records and Leonard Chess's Chess Records. Chess issued Howlin' Wolf's "Moanin' At Midnight" b/w "How Many More Years" on August 15, 1951; Wolf also recorded sides for RPM, with Ike Turner, in late 1951 and early 1952. Chess eventually won the war over the singer, and Wolf settled in Chicago, Illinois c. 1953.^[5] arriving in Chicago, he assembled a new band, recruiting Chicagoan Jody Williams from Memphis Slim's band as his first guitarist. Within a year Wolf enticed guitarist Hubert Sumlin to leave Memphis and join him in Chicago; Sumlin's terse, curlicued solos perfectly complemented Burnett's huge voice and surprisingly subtle phrasing. Although the line-up of Wolf's band would change regularly over the years, employing many different guitarists both on recordings and in live performance including Willie Johnson, Jody Williams, Lee Cooper, L.D. McGhee, Otis "Big Smokey" Smothers, his brother Little Smokey Smothers, Jimmy Rogers, Freddie "Abu Talib" Robinson, and Buddy Guy, among others, with the exception of a couple of brief absences in the late '50s Sumlin remained a member of the band for the rest of Wolf's career, and is the guitarist most often associated with the Chicago Howlin' Wolf sound.

In the 1950s Wolf had four songs that qualified as "hits" on the Billboard national R&B charts: "How Many More Years", his first and biggest hit, made it to #4 in 1951; its flip side, "Moanin' at Midnight", made it to #10 the same year; "Smokestack Lightning" charted for three weeks in 1956, peaking at #8; and "I Asked For Water (She Gave Me Gasoline)" appeared on the charts for one week in 1956, in the #8 position. In 1959, Wolf's first album, Moanin' in the Moonlight, a compilation of previously released singles, was released.

1960s[link]

His 1962 LP Howlin' Wolf, which featured contributions from Willie Dixon, Jimmy Rogers and Sam Lay among others, is a famous and influential blues album, often referred to as "The Rocking Chair album" because of its cover illustration depicting an acoustic guitar leaning against a rocking chair. This album contained "Wang Dang Doodle", "Goin' Down Slow", "Spoonful", and "Little Red Rooster" (titled "The Red Rooster" on this album), songs which found their way into the repertoires of British and American bands infatuated with Chicago blues. In 1964 he toured Europe as part of the American Folk Blues Festival tour produced by German promoters Horst Lippmann and Fritz Rau. In 1965 he appeared on the television show Shindig at the insistence of The Rolling Stones, who were scheduled to appear on the same program and who had covered "Little Red Rooster" on an early album. He was often backed on records by bassist and songwriter Willie Dixon who is credited with such Howlin' Wolf standards as "Spoonful", "I Ain't Superstitious", "Little Red Rooster", "Back Door Man", "Evil", "Wang Dang Doodle" (later recorded by Koko Taylor), and others.

In September 1967, he joined forces with Bo Diddley and Muddy Waters for The Super Super Blues Band album of Chess blues standards, including "The Red Rooster" and "Spoonful".

1970s[link]

In May 1970, Howlin' Wolf, his long-time guitarist Hubert Sumlin, and the young Chicago blues harmonica player Jeff Carp traveled to London along with Chess Records producer Norman Dayron to record the Howlin' Wolf London Sessions LP, accompanied by British blues/rock musicians Eric Clapton, Steve Winwood, Ian Stewart, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts and others. He recorded his last album for Chess, The Back Door Wolf, in 1973.

Unlike many other blues musicians, after he left his impoverished childhood to begin a musical career, Howlin' Wolf was always financially successful. Having already achieved a measure of success in Memphis, he described himself as "the onliest one to drive himself up from the Delta" to Chicago, which he did, in his own car on the Blues Highway and with four thousand dollars in his pocket, a rare distinction for a black blues man of the time. In his early career, this was the result of his musical popularity and his ability to avoid the pitfalls of alcohol, gambling and the various dangers inherent in what are vaguely described as "loose women", to which so many of his peers fell prey. Though functionally illiterate into his 40s, Burnett eventually returned to school, first to earn a G.E.D., and later to study accounting and other business courses aimed to help his business career.

Wolf met his future wife, Lillie, when she attended one of his performances in a Chicago club. She and her family were urban and educated, and not involved in what was generally seen as the unsavory world of blues musicians. Nonetheless, immediately attracted when he saw her in the audience as Wolf says he was, he pursued her and won her over. According to those who knew them, the couple remained deeply in love until his death. Together they raised Bettye and Barbara, Lillie's two daughters from an earlier relationship.

After he married Lillie, who was able to manage his professional finances, Wolf was so financially successful that he was able to offer band members not only a decent salary, but benefits such as health insurance; this in turn enabled him to hire his pick of the available musicians, and keep his band one of the best around. According to his daughters, he was never financially extravagant, for instance driving a Pontiac station wagon rather than a more expensive and flashy car.

Wolf's health declined in the late 1960s through 1970s. He suffered several heart attacks and in 1970 his kidneys were severely damaged in an automobile accident. He died in 1976 from complications of kidney disease.

Legacy[link]

Burnett died at Hines VA Hospital in Hines, Illinois on January 10, 1976 and was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Hillside, Cook County, Illinois in a plot in Section 18, on the east side of the road. His large gravestone, allegedly purchased by Eric Clapton^{[citation needed]}, has an image of a guitar and harmonica etched into it.

The Howlin' Wolf Memorial Blues Festival is held each year in West Point, Mississippi. Wolf's Juke Joint Jam is another annual Howlin' Wolf tribute festival held in West Point. Some of the artists who have played 'Wolf Jam' include Wolf's lead guitarist Hubert Sumlin, Muddy Waters' back band of Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, Calvin "Fuzz" Jones and "Steady Rollin" Bob Margolin, Willie King, Blind Mississippi Morris, Kenny Brown, Burnside Exploration, etc. The festival is held at the 500-acre (2.0 km²) festival grounds known as Waverly Waters Resort.

A popular music venue in New Orleans, Louisiana was named The Howlin' Wolf when it opened in 1988.^[6]

Burnett was portrayed by Eamonn Walker in the 2008 motion picture Cadillac Records.

Selective awards and recognitions[link]

Grammy Hall of Fame[link]

A recording of Howlin' Wolf was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance.^{[citation needed]}"

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame[link]

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed three songs by Howlin' Wolf of the 500 songs that shaped rock and roll.^[8]

The Blues Foundation Awards[link]

Honors and Inductions[link]

On September 17, 1994 the U.S. Post Office issued a Howlin' Wolf 29 cents commemorative postage stamp.

Discography[link]

• 1959: Moanin' in the Moonlight
• 1962: Howlin' Wolf Sings the Blues
• 1962: Howlin' Wolf
• 1964: Rockin' The Blues – Live In Germany
• 1966: The Real Folk Blues
• 1966: Live In Cambridge
• 1966: The Super Super Blues Band
• 1967: More Real Folk Blues
• 1969: The Howlin' Wolf Album
• 1971: Message to the Young
• 1971: Going Back Home
• 1971: The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions
• 1972: Live and Cookin' (At Alice's Revisited)
• 1973: Evil – Live at Joe's Place
• 1973: The Back Door Wolf
• 1974: London Revisited
• 1975: Change My Way
• 1990: Cadillac Daddy – Memphis Recordings 1952
• 1997: His Best

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Segrest, James; Hoffman, Mark (2004). Moanin' at Midnight, The Life and Times of Howlin' Wolf. Pantheon Books. pp. 397. ISBN 0-375-42246-3. 
• The Howlin' Wolf Story - The Secret History of Rock & Roll, ASIN: B0000DJZ81 (2003)

External links[link]

• Howlin' Wolf Memorial Blues Festival
• Biography at HowlinWolf.com
• Howlin' Wolf complete session discography
• The Howling or, 100 Years of the Big Bad Wolf (PopMatters Article)
• Wolf's Juke Joint Jam
• Howlin' Wolf Gravesite
• 1980 Blues Foundation Hall of Fame induction
• Illustrated Howlin' Wolf discography