Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre's popularity peaked during the late
1970s. Its initial audiences were club-goers from the
African American,
Latino, gay, and psychedelic communities in
New York City and
Philadelphia during the late
1960s and early 1970s. Disco also was a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period.
Women embraced disco as well, and the music eventually expanded to several other popular groups of the time.
In what is considered a forerunner to disco style clubs, New York City DJ
David Mancuso opened
The Loft, a members-only private dance club set in his own home, in February
1970. Allmusic claims some have argued that
Isaac Hayes and
Barry White were playing what would be called disco music as early as
1971. According to the music guide, there is disagreement as to what the first disco song was.
Claims have been made for
Manu Dibango's "
Soul Makossa" (
1972),
Jerry Butler's "
One Night Affair" (1972), the
Hues Corporation's "
Rock the Boat" (
1973),
George McCrae's "
Rock Your Baby" (
1974), and "
Kung Fu Fighting" (1974) by
Biddu and
Carl Douglas.The first article about disco was written in
September 1973 by
Vince Aletti for
Rolling Stone magazine.In 1974 New York City's
WPIX-FM premiered the first disco radio show.
Musical influences include funk,
Latin and soul music. The disco sound has soaring, often reverberated vocals over a steady "four-on-the-floor" beat, an eighth note (quaver) or
16th note (semi-quaver) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat, and a prominent, syncopated electric bass line sometimes consisting of octaves. The
Fender Jazz Bass is often associated with disco bass lines, because the instrument itself has a very prominent "voice" in the musical mix. In most disco tracks, strings, horns, electric pianos, and electric guitars create a lush background sound.
Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently in disco than in rock. Many disco songs employ the use of electronic instruments such as synthesizers.
Well-known late 1970s disco performers included
Donna Summer,
The Bee Gees,
KC and the Sunshine Band,
The Trammps,
Van McCoy,
Gloria Gaynor,
The Village People,
Chic, and
The Jacksons—the latter which first dipped its toes into disco as
The Jackson 5.
Summer would become the first well-known and most popular disco artist—eventually having the title "
The Queen of Disco" bestowed upon her by various critics—and would also play a part in pioneering the electronic sound that later became a prominent element of disco. While performers and singers garnered the lion's share of public attention, producers working behind the scenes played an equal, if not more important role in disco, since they often wrote the songs and created the innovative sounds and production techniques that were part of the "disco sound."Many non-disco artists recorded disco songs at the height of disco's popularity, and films such as
Saturday Night Fever and
Thank God It's Friday contributed to disco's rise in mainstream popularity. According to music writer
Piero Scaruffi the disco phenomenon spread quickly because the "collective ecstasy" of disco was cathartic and regenerative and led to freedom of expression. Disco was the last mass popular music movement
that was driven by the baby boom generation.
Disco music was a worldwide phenomenon, but its popularity declined in the
United States in the late 1970s. On July 12,
1979, an anti-disco protest in
Chicago called "
Disco Demolition Night" had shown that an angry backlash against disco and its culture had emerged in the United States
. In the subsequent months and years, many musical acts associated with disco struggled to get airplay on the radio. A few artists still managed to score disco-style hits in the early
1980s, but the term "disco" became unfashionable in the new decade and was eventually replaced by "dance music", "dance pop", and other identifiers. Although the production techniques have changed, many successful acts since the 1970s have retained the basic disco beat and mentality, and dance clubs have remained popular.
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 37243