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Thursday, 29 December 2011
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SUPERCHARGED LINGENFELTER G8 vs. 2003 COBRA TERMINATOR!
SUPERCHARGED LINGENFELTER G8 vs. 2003 COBRA TERMINATOR!
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:04
  • Published: 24 Apr 2011
  • Uploaded: 28 Dec 2011
  • Author: rekjavicxxx
TUNED BY EAST TEXAS MUSCLE CARS! www.easttexasmusclecars.com 2008 Pontiac G8 GT - Lingenfelter supercharged 418 stroker from Texas Speed, along with LS3 CNC 72cc heads, Lingenfelter gt9 cam, the Magnacharger MP1900 TVS, Roto Fab CAI, full length exhaust, long tube headers/Corsa mufflers, 3200 stall converter, tune, and aftermarket fuel delivery system. Car produced 538RWHP and 472RWTQ on only 5lbs of boost. 2003 Ford Cobra Terminator: Steg. IV ported blower & TB, C&L inlet pipe, Metco CAI, Metco 6lb lower crank kit, Metco 3.5in alt. pulley, Metco double bearing idler pulleys, Metco snub idler, LFP intercooler reservoir, LFP HD heat exchanger, MGW shifter, Spec 3 plus clutch, Spec 2 piece aluminum flywheel, Metco driveshaft loop, DSS level 5 half shafts with hardened yokes/inner CV joints, billetflow IRS brace, Brembo drilled/slotted rotors, SLP loudmouth exhaust, Ford GT twin pumps, Mafia puck and injectors - 501 RWHP, 505 RWTQ @ 17lbs. Besure to check us out on Facebook at Triple-X Motorsports & Outdoors for all the latest updates! www.facebook.com #9 - Most Discussed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #42 - Most Viewed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #107 - Most Viewed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles - Mexico #65 - Most Viewed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles - Canada #184 - Most Viewed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles - Israel #67 - Top Favorited (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #20 - Top Rated (Today) - Autos & Vehicles
http://wn.com/SUPERCHARGED_LINGENFELTER_G8_vs_2003_COBRA_TERMINATOR!
Worlds Fastest Pontiac G8 Twin Turbo by House of Boost
Worlds Fastest Pontiac G8 Twin Turbo by House of Boost
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:12
  • Published: 20 Nov 2008
  • Uploaded: 17 Dec 2011
  • Author: HouseofBoost
Worlds Fastest Pontiac G8 GT: Only mods to the car, House of Boost Twin Turbo kit using Aerocharger Turbos, Magnaflow Catback, CCW DragPack No other mods to the car, no cam, no stall, no weight reduction. Wicked fast spool time thanks to the Aerochargers VAIN technology. Not to mention the fact that they are self contained! For more info go to: www.houseofboost.com For more info on the turbos go to: www.aerocharger.com
http://wn.com/Worlds_Fastest_Pontiac_G8_Twin_Turbo_by_House_of_Boost
2008 Pontiac G8 GT: A great performance value
2008 Pontiac G8 GT: A great performance value
  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:08
  • Published: 03 Jun 2008
  • Uploaded: 25 Dec 2011
  • Author: OnCars
More at: www.OnCars.com - The Pontiac G8 GT compares favorably to some European cars costing twice as much.
http://wn.com/2008_Pontiac_G8_GT_A_great_performance_value
G8 leaders pose at 2010 summit in Muskoka, Canada: raw video
G8 leaders pose at 2010 summit in Muskoka, Canada: raw video
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:23
  • Published: 27 Jun 2010
  • Uploaded: 15 Dec 2011
  • Author: EUXTV
G-8 leaders, including Russia President Medvedev and US President Obama, pose for the traditional group photo at their 2010 summit in Muskoka, Canada, near Toronto. Raw video
http://wn.com/G8_leaders_pose_at_2010_summit_in_Muskoka,_Canada_raw_video
Livernois Motorsports 2009 G8 GXP Startup, Idle, Driving - Inside/Outside Views
Livernois Motorsports 2009 G8 GXP Startup, Idle, Driving - Inside/Outside Views
Livernois Motorsports Stage 1 C "Stealth" Camshaft Kooks Custom 1 7/8" Shorty Headers Corsa Exhaust & Integrated "X" Style Crossover Pipe Rotofab Cold Air Intake System Tuned by Livernois Motorsports
http://wn.com/Livernois_Motorsports_2009_G8_GXP_Startup,_Idle,_Driving__Inside/Outside_Views
COBRA, CORVETTE, G8 and BOOSTED CIVICS! DYNO DAY AT EAST TEXAS MUSCLE CARS!
COBRA, CORVETTE, G8 and BOOSTED CIVICS! DYNO DAY AT EAST TEXAS MUSCLE CARS!
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:07
  • Published: 23 Jul 2011
  • Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
  • Author: rekjavicxxx
Dyno and tune your ride at East Texas Muscle Cars! www.easttexasmusclecars.com Two turbo Civics, both on high boost. 2003 Ford Cobra Terminator: Steg. IV ported blower & TB, C&L inlet pipe, Metco CAI, Metco 6lb lower crank kit, Metco 3.5in alt. pulley, Metco double bearing idler pulleys, Metco snub idler, LFP intercooler reservoir, LFP HD heat exchanger, MGW shifter, Spec 3 plus clutch, Spec 2 piece aluminum flywheel, Metco driveshaft loop, DSS level 5 half shafts with hardened yokes/inner CV joints, billetflow IRS brace, Brembo drilled/slotted rotors, SLP loudmouth exhaust, Ford GT twin pumps, Mafia puck and injectors. 2008 Pontiac G8 GT - Lingenfelter supercharged: 418 stroker from Texas Speed, along with LS3 CNC 72cc heads, Lingenfelter gt9 cam, Magnacharger TVS2300, Roto Fab CAI, full length exhaust, long tube headers/Corsa mufflers, 3200 stall converter, tune, and aftermarket fuel delivery system. 2006 C6 Corvette - D1 Procharger @ 11lbs on stock block, AFR heads, headers, cam, FAST 102 intake, meth injection, 6spd with racing clutch, tuned by Dallas Performance - 766RWHP/639RWTQ. Be sure to check us out on Facebook at Triple-X Motorsports & Outdoors for all the latest updates! www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/COBRA,_CORVETTE,_G8_and_BOOSTED_CIVICS!_DYNO_DAY_AT_EAST_TEXAS_MUSCLE_CARS!
111224 SNSD Yoona MC Cut and G8 (Invincible Youth Girls) @ KBS Entertainment Awards
111224 SNSD Yoona MC Cut and G8 (Invincible Youth Girls) @ KBS Entertainment Awards
111224 SNSD Yoona MC Cut and G8 (Invincible Youth) @ KBS Entertainment Awards ( includes G8 Fashion Show)
http://wn.com/111224_SNSD_Yoona_MC_Cut_and_G8_Invincible_Youth_Girls_@_KBS_Entertainment_Awards
G8 GT Exhaust Clip
G8 GT Exhaust Clip
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:22
  • Published: 26 Dec 2011
  • Uploaded: 27 Dec 2011
  • Author: LowCal
My 2009 Pontiac G8 GT with bone stock motor, current mods is mid muffler delete / custom x pipe install along with the Solo Performance V6 Axle backs from my Base G8 i traded in for this one
http://wn.com/G8_GT_Exhaust_Clip
Shot by police with rubber bullet at Occupy Oakland
Shot by police with rubber bullet at Occupy Oakland
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:40
  • Published: 05 Nov 2011
  • Uploaded: 27 Dec 2011
  • Author: antiprocon
While filming a police line at Occupy Oakland after midnight on Nov. 3 following the Nov. 2 general strike, an officer opens fire and shoots me with a rubber bullet. I was standing well back. There was no violence or confrontations of any kind underway. At 0:31 seconds you can see a tall officer in the front raise his weapon and then fire. This is the full clip of the incident.
http://wn.com/Shot_by_police_with_rubber_bullet_at_Occupy_Oakland
MotorWeek Road Test: 2009 Pontiac G8 GXP
MotorWeek Road Test: 2009 Pontiac G8 GXP
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:04
  • Published: 13 Mar 2009
  • Uploaded: 22 Dec 2011
  • Author: Motorweek
MotorWeek Road Test: 2009 Pontiac G8 GXP
http://wn.com/MotorWeek_Road_Test_2009_Pontiac_G8_GXP
2009 PONTIAC G8 GT - FULLY BOLTED BUILD-UP plus CUSTOM AIRBRUSHING and HI SPEED!!
2009 PONTIAC G8 GT - FULLY BOLTED BUILD-UP plus CUSTOM AIRBRUSHING and HI SPEED!!
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:58
  • Published: 14 Mar 2011
  • Uploaded: 27 Dec 2011
  • Author: rekjavicxxx
Recently purchased a 2009 Pontiac G8 GT with 8900 miles. Car was immaculate, so began staging for a full bolt-ons build-up that would increase HP gains, but wouldn't void the manufacturer's warranty. Parts used were American Racing long tube headers, Magnaflow exhaust, Rotofab CAI, Powerbond underdrive pulley, throttle body port & polish and East Texas Muscle Cars custom dyno tune. A stock dyno pull was performed, producing 302RWHP. After all upgrades were complete, the final dyno pull produced 371RWHP and 387RWTQ. Contact East Texas Muscle Cars at 903-686-0456 or www.easttexasmusclecars.com Custom headrest monogramming provided by Carroll's Vinyl Care. For more information, you may reach them at 903-845-4364 Airbrushing provided by Allen Jonez at RMJ Graphix. For custom airbrushing, paint, vinyl designs (wraps, window decals, etc) contact him at 315-729-4928 or www.rmjgraphix.com All professional photography captured by RA Gray Photography. Check out Rick's gallery and services at www.ragrayphotography.com Audio - Tracks utilized, in order, include: "Synth Garden", "Bass & Synth" and "Attitude".Scott Lee Cupp is a Composer and arranger residing in California...Scott has played in the recording studio with many well known artists including White Snake, Ozzy Osbourne, guns N' Roses and more... He is a very versatile composer and arranger with extensive abilities... If you are interested in Scott's work or need a custom soundtrack for your projects please email Scott <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/2009_PONTIAC_G8_GT__FULLY_BOLTED_BUILD-UP_plus_CUSTOM_AIRBRUSHING_and_HI_SPEED!!
G8 opens in Deauville focussed on debt
G8 opens in Deauville focussed on debt
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:25
  • Published: 26 May 2011
  • Uploaded: 22 Jul 2011
  • Author: Euronews
The Group of Eight summit has opened in Deauville, France, with a backdrop of continuing financial crisis in indebted nations, and in the euro zone in particular, which the G8 says is holding back world growth. President Obama was much in demand and he delighted the onlooking crowd by pressing the flesh before going in for the talks, where Greece in particular was urged to get a grip on its finances. ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/G8_opens_in_Deauville_focussed_on_debt
[Minna no NC] The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword - Commercials 2
[Minna no NC] The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword - Commercials 2
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:30
  • Published: 09 Nov 2011
  • Uploaded: 27 Dec 2011
  • Author: NintenDaanNC
More commercials for The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword!
http://wn.com/ Minna_no_NC _The_Legend_of_Zelda_Skyward_Sword__Commercials_2
Violent Protest or Agent Provocateurs? Toronto G8-G20
Violent Protest or Agent Provocateurs? Toronto G8-G20
Thousands of people took to the streets in Toronto, Canada to demonstrate against the twin G8 and G20 summits. Violent protesters caused riots according to the police, but one has to question from where the violence came from. Agent provocateurs have been used many times in the past to incite violence amongst peaceful protesters, so that the police can move in arrest people and break up the protests even in free speech zones. The main stream media is also quick to report on the violence discrediting the 10s of thousands who are there without violence. Police and security services have infiltrated black blocs with agents provocateurs. Allegations first surfaced after several demonstrations. At the 2001 G8 summit in Genoa, amongst the many complaints about the police there was mention of video footage in which "men in black were seen getting out of police vans near protest marches". In August 2007, Quebec police admitted that "their officers disguised themselves as demonstrators." However, they were easily recognized by the genuine protesters as police, as they were still wearing their police-issue footwear.
http://wn.com/Violent_Protest_or_Agent_Provocateurs?_Toronto_G8-G20
V-Ray Architectural Demo Reel 2011
V-Ray Architectural Demo Reel 2011
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:51
  • Published: 19 Sep 2011
  • Uploaded: 27 Dec 2011
  • Author: ChaosGroupTV
The Official V-Ray Demo Reel 2011 - Architectural Industry Credits: /in alphabetical order/ ARC MediaFocus 360 Atomic 3D Aurora Visuals Blink Image Cadman Focus 360 FoundationCGI Industioromantik Lichtecht Lightfeel Motion Farm Motyw Neoscape Squint/Opera Original Music by Peter Samnaliev /Gravity Co./
http://wn.com/V-Ray_Architectural_Demo_Reel_2011
2010 CORVETTE ZR1 vs. 2008 LINGENFELTER PONTIAC G8 - WORLD RECORD ATTEMPT!!
2010 CORVETTE ZR1 vs. 2008 LINGENFELTER PONTIAC G8 - WORLD RECORD ATTEMPT!!
  • Order:
  • Duration: 5:27
  • Published: 27 Aug 2011
  • Uploaded: 21 Dec 2011
  • Author: rekjavicxxx
Pontiac G8 world record attempt at Dallas Raceway near Crandall, TX. Current world record - 10.72 sec. 2010 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 with custom tune. 2008 Pontiac G8 GT - Lingenfelter supercharged: 418 stroker from Texas Speed, tuned by East Texas Muscle Cars, along with LS3 CNC 72cc heads, Lingenfelter gt9 cam, Magnacharger TVS2300, Roto Fab CAI, full length exhaust, long tube headers/Corsa mufflers, 3200 stall converter, tune, and aftermarket fuel delivery system. Car produced 657RWHP and 583RWTQ on 12lbs of boost. Audio track is entitled "Old School" by Scott Cupp.Scott Lee Cupp is a Composer and arranger residing in California...Scott has played in the recording studio with many well known artists including White Snake, Ozzy Osbourne, guns N' Roses and more... He is a very versatile composer and arranger with extensive abilities... If you are interested in Scott's work or need a custom soundtrack for your projects please email Scott directly at scottcupp07@aol.com Compositions are available at a very reasonable rate...To view some of Scott's work go to www.youtube.com/scott93257 Be sure to check us out on Facebook at Triple-X Motorsports & Outdoors for all the latest updates! www.facebook.com #20 - Most Discussed (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #110 - Top Favorited (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #47 - Top Rated (Today) - Autos & Vehicles #69 - Most Discussed (This Week) - Autos & Vehicles
http://wn.com/2010_CORVETTE_ZR1_vs_2008_LINGENFELTER_PONTIAC_G8__WORLD_RECORD_ATTEMPT!!
2008 Dodge Charger R/T vs. 2008 Pontiac G8 GT
2008 Dodge Charger R/T vs. 2008 Pontiac G8 GT
www.edmunds.com Cars like the new 2008 Pontiac G8 GT and 2008 Dodge Charger R/T were once supposed to be every American's birthright. Brawny, V8-powered, relatively affordable rear-drive cruisers that can blow through a couple of big Western states in an afternoon at 90 mph — their drivers staring at the horizon through Ray-Bans, steering with one hand and smoking a Pall Mall with the other.
http://wn.com/2008_Dodge_Charger_R/T_vs_2008_Pontiac_G8_GT
IY 2 YEAR-END EXTRA
IY 2 YEAR-END EXTRA "G8-1 FASHION SHOW"
  • Order:
  • Duration: 5:31
  • Published: 24 Dec 2011
  • Uploaded: 29 Dec 2011
  • Author: kkabyuri
IY2 EP7 WILL BE AIRED ON 7TH JAN. 2012. 111224 SCENE FROM 2011 KBS ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS G8 WITHOUT SUZY(MISS A)
http://wn.com/IY_2_YEAR-END_EXTRA_G8-1_FASHION_SHOW
Charlie Angus gets first G8 response
Charlie Angus gets first G8 response
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:20
  • Published: 18 Oct 2011
  • Uploaded: 28 Oct 2011
  • Author: charlieangus
Timmins-James Bay MP Charlie Angus finally gets Tony Clement to answer questions on G8 spending scandal
http://wn.com/Charlie_Angus_gets_first_G8_response
Medvedev at G8: Gaddafi must go, US must do better on missile defense
Medvedev at G8: Gaddafi must go, US must do better on missile defense
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:57
  • Published: 27 May 2011
  • Uploaded: 17 Dec 2011
  • Author: RussiaToday
Russia has joined the international pressure against Colonel Gaddafi, and told the Libyan leader he has to step down. Speaking at the close of the G8 summit being held in France, President Dmitriy Medvedev also confirmed it will be sending an envoy to meet rebels in Benghazi. Moscow has agreed to become a peace mediator in Libya. RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com RT on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Medvedev_at_G8_Gaddafi_must_go,_US_must_do_better_on_missile_defense
G8 Love Money & Bombs
G8 Love Money & Bombs
  • Order:
  • Duration: 10:22
  • Published: 27 May 2011
  • Uploaded: 19 Dec 2011
  • Author: fknnewz
www.deekjackson.com T Shirts - DVDs - Donations
http://wn.com/G8_Love_Money_Bombs
Bassekou Kouyate & Ngoni ba at G8
Bassekou Kouyate & Ngoni ba at G8
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:58
  • Published: 18 Jun 2007
  • Uploaded: 15 Dec 2011
  • Author: outhererec
vote for Bassekou Kouyate at the Kora Awards 2009! Send an SMS with his Name to: +248 984 000 Bassekou Kouyate & Ngoni ba performing in Rostock on the 7th of June
http://wn.com/Bassekou_Kouyate_Ngoni_ba_at_G8
G8 - Leaders pledge $40 billion to Arab democracies
G8 - Leaders pledge $40 billion to Arab democracies
G8 - G8 leaders backed the Arab Spring Friday by pledging billions to new democracies in the Arab world. A G8 statement shied away from citing a figure, but Tunisia's finance minister said the total aid and loan package would amount to $40 billion. FRANCE 24 INTERNATIONAL NEWS 24/7 www.france24.com
http://wn.com/G8__Leaders_pledge_40_billion_to_Arab_democracies
TUNED BY EAST TEXAS MUSCLE CARS! www.easttexasmusclecars.com 2008 Pontiac G8 GT - Lingenfelter supercharged 418 stroker from Texas Speed, along with LS3 CNC 72cc heads, Lingenfelter gt9 cam, the Magnacharger MP1900 TVS, Roto Fab CAI, full l...
SU­PER­CHARGED LIN­GEN­FEL­TER G8 vs. 2003 COBRA TER­MI­NA­TOR!
2:04
Worlds Fastest Pon­ti­ac G8 Twin Turbo by House of Boost
6:12
2008 Pon­ti­ac G8 GT: A great per­for­mance value
4:08
G8 lead­ers pose at 2010 sum­mit in Musko­ka, Cana­da: raw video
3:23
Liv­er­nois Mo­tor­sports 2009 G8 GXP Start­up, Idle, Driv­ing - In­side/Out­side Views
1:52
COBRA, CORVETTE, G8 and BOOST­ED CIVICS! DYNO DAY AT EAST TEXAS MUS­CLE CARS!
3:07
111224 SNSD Yoona MC Cut and G8 (In­vin­ci­ble Youth Girls) @ KBS En­ter­tain­ment Awards
5:42
G8 GT Ex­haust Clip
6:22
Shot by po­lice with rub­ber bul­let at Oc­cu­py Oak­land
0:40
Mo­tor­Week Road Test: 2009 Pon­ti­ac G8 GXP
6:04
2009 PON­TI­AC G8 GT - FULLY BOLT­ED BUILD-UP plus CUS­TOM AIR­BRUSH­ING and HI SPEED!!
6:58
G8 opens in Deauville fo­cussed on debt
1:25
[Minna no NC] The Leg­end of Zelda: Sky­ward Sword - Com­mer­cials 2
1:30
Vi­o­lent Protest or Agent Provo­ca­teurs? Toron­to G8-G20
6:02
remove add to playlist show more results video results for: g8
V-Ray Ar­chi­tec­tural Demo Reel 2011
3:51
2010 CORVETTE ZR1 vs. 2008 LIN­GEN­FEL­TER PON­TI­AC G8 - WORLD RECORD AT­TEMPT!!
5:27
2008 Dodge Charg­er R/T vs. 2008 Pon­ti­ac G8 GT
4:07
IY 2 YEAR-END EXTRA "G8-1 FASH­ION SHOW"
5:31
Char­lie Angus gets first G8 re­sponse
3:20
Medvedev at G8: Gaddafi must go, US must do bet­ter on mis­sile de­fense
3:57
G8 Love Money & Bombs
10:22
Bassek­ou Kouy­ate & Ngoni ba at G8
3:58
G8 - Lead­ers pledge $40 bil­lion to Arab democ­ra­cies
1:28
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photo: AP / Eraldo Peres
File - Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff leads the Social and Economic Development Committee at the Planalto Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, Tuesday July 26, 2011.
The Independent
29 Dec 2011
As a report earlier this week by the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) noted, Brazil has just overtaken the UK as the world's sixth largest economy. By 2020, Britain is likely also to...
size: 6.9Kb

  • Foreign Policy Reeling from yet another credit rating downgrade, Egypt's prime minister wants the Group of Eight to do what they pledged they would do: support the Arab spring with hard cash. Via Reuters: Egypt's prime minister appealed to Group of...
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  • more news on: G8

    The Group of Eight (G8, and formerly the G6 or Group of Six) is a forum, created by France in 1975, for the governments of six major economies: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1976, Canada joined the group (thus creating the G7). In 1997, the group added Russia, thus becoming the G8. In addition, the European Union is represented within the G8, but cannot host or chair. "G8" can refer to the member states or to the annual summit meeting of the G8 heads of government. The former term, G6, is now frequently applied to the six most populous countries within the European Union. G8 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7/8 finance ministers (who meet four times a year), G8 foreign ministers, or G8 environment ministers.

    Collectively, the G8 nations comprise 53.0% of global nominal GDP and 42.5% of global GDP (PPP). Each calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 rotates through the member states in the following order: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. The holder of the presidency sets the agenda, hosts the summit for that year, and determines which ministerial meetings will take place. Lately, both France and the United Kingdom have expressed a desire to expand the group to include five developing countries, referred to as the Outreach Five (O5) or the Plus Five: Brazil, People's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and South Africa. These countries have participated as guests in previous meetings, which are sometimes called G8+5.

    With the G-20 major economies growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit, world leaders from the group announced at their Pittsburgh summit on September 25, 2009, that the group will replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations.

    History

    The concept of a forum for the world's major industrialized democracies emerged following the 1973 oil crisis. In 1974, a series of meetings in the library of the White House in Washington, D.C. was known as the "Library Group". This was an informal gathering of senior financial officials from the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Japan and France. In 1975, French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing invited the heads of government from West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States to a summit in Château de Rambouillet. The six leaders agreed to an annual meeting organized under a rotating presidency, forming the Group of Six (G6). The following year, Canada joined the group at the behest of Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and U.S. President Gerald Ford and the group became the Group of Seven (G7). The European Union is represented by the President of the European Commission and the leader of the country that holds the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The President of the European Commission has attended all meetings since it was first invited by the United Kingdom in 1977 and the Council President now also regularly attends.

    Following 1994's G7 summit in Naples, Russian officials held separate meetings with leaders of the G7 after the group's summits. This informal arrangement was dubbed the Political 8 (P8) – or, colloquially, the G7+1. At the invitation of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair and President of the United States Bill Clinton, Russia formally joined the group in 1997, resulting in the Group of Eight, or G8.

    Structure and activities

    By design, the G8 deliberately lacks an administrative structure like those for international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Bank. The group does not have a permanent secretariat, or offices for its members.

    The presidency of the group rotates annually among the member countries, with each new term beginning on 1 January of the year. The country holding the presidency is responsible for planning and hosting a series of ministerial-level meetings, leading up to a mid-year summit attended by the heads of government. The president of the European Commission participates as an equal in all summit events.

    The ministerial meetings bring together ministers responsible for various portfolios to discuss issues of mutual or global concern. The range of topics include health, law enforcement, labor, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism, and trade. There are also a separate set of meetings known as the G8+5, created during the 2005 Gleneagles, Scotland summit, that is attended by finance and energy ministers from all eight member countries in addition to the five "outreach countries" which are also known as the Group of FiveBrazil, People's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.

    In June 2005, justice ministers and interior ministers from the G8 countries agreed to launch an international database on pedophiles. The G8 officials also agreed to pool data on terrorism, subject to restrictions by privacy and security laws in individual countries.

    Global energy

    At the Heiligendamm Summit in 2007, the G8 acknowledged a proposal from the EU for a worldwide initiative on efficient energy use. They agreed to explore, along with the International Energy Agency, the most effective means to promote energy efficiency internationally. A year later, on 8 June 2008, the G8 along with China, India, South Korea and the European Community established the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation, at the Energy Ministerial meeting hosted by Japan holding 2008 G8 Presidency, in Aomori.

    G8 Finance Ministers, whilst in preparation for the 34th Summit of the G8 Heads of State and Government in Toyako, Hokkaido, met on the 13 and 14 June 2008, in Osaka, Japan. They agreed to the “G8 Action Plan for Climate Change to Enhance the Engagement of Private and Public Financial Institutions.” In closing, Ministers supported the launch of new Climate Investment Funds (CIFs) by the World Bank, which will help existing efforts until a new framework under the UNFCCC is implemented after 2012.

    Annual summit

    The annual G8 leaders summit is attended by eight of the world's most powerful heads of government. However, as noted by commentators the G-8 summit is not the place to flesh out the details of any difficult or controversial policy issue in the context of a three-day event. Rather, the meeting is to bring a range of complex and sometimes inter-related issues. The G8 summit brings leaders together not so they can dream up quick fixes, but to talk and think about them together.

    The G8 summit is an international event which is observed and reported by news media, but the G8's relevance is unclear. The member country holding the G8 presidency is responsible for organizing and hosting the year's summit, held for three days in mid-year; and for this reason, Tony Blair and the United Kingdom accumulated the lion's share of the credit for what went right (and wrong) at Gleneagles in 2005. Similarly, Yasuo Fukuda and Japan hope to garner the greater part of the credit for what went well (and what did not) at the Hokkaido Summit in 2008.

    Each of the 36 G8 summit meetings could have been called a success if the events had been re-framed as venues to generate additional momentum for solving problems at the other multilateral conferences that meet throughout the year. The G8 annual summit sets the stage for what needs to be done and establishes an idea of how to do it, even if that idea is, at best, rough and patchy. The serial annual summits can be parsed chronologically in arguably distinct ways, including as the sequence of host countries for the summits has recurred over time, series, etc.

    The summits have also been the site of numerous, large-scale anti-globalization protests.

    June 27–28, 1976 May 7–8, 1977 July 16–17, 1978 June 28–29, 1979 June 22–23, 1980 July 20–21, 1981 June 4–6, 1982 May 28–30, 1983 June 7–9, 1984 May 2–4, 1985 May 4–6, 1986 June 8–10, 1987 June 19–21, 1988 July 14–16, 1989 July 9–11, 1990 July 15–17, 1991 July 6–8, 1992 July 7–9, 1993 July 8–10, 1994 June 15–17, 1995 June 27–29, 1996 June 20–22, 1997 May 15–17, 1998 June 18–20, 1999 July 21–23, 2000 July 20–22, 2001 June 26–27, 2002 June 2–3, 2003 June 8–10, 2004 July 6–8, 2005 July 15–17, 2006 June 6–8, 2007 July 7–9, 2008 Tōyako, Hokkaidō July 8–10, 2009 June 25–26, 2010 May 26–27, 2011 2012 2013 2014
    !! Date !! Host country!! Host leader !! Location held !! Website !! Notes
    1st G6 summit1st November 15–17, 1975 | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Rambouillet (Château de Rambouillet>Castle of Rambouillet) G6 Summit
    2nd G7 summit2nd | Gerald R. Ford Dorado, Puerto Rico>Dorado, Puerto Rico Also called "Rambouillet II;" Canada joins the group, forming the G7
    3rd G7 summit3rd | James Callaghan London President of the European Commission is invited European Union and the G8>to join the annual G-7 summits
    4th G7 summit4th | Helmut Schmidt Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia
    5th G7 summit5th | Masayoshi Ōhira Tokyo
    6th G7 summit6th | Francesco Cossiga Venice
    7th G7 summit7th | Pierre E. Trudeau Montebello, Quebec>Montebello, Quebec
    8th G7 summit8th | François Mitterrand Versailles
    9th G7 summit9th | Ronald Reagan Williamsburg, Virginia>Williamsburg, Virginia
    10th G7 summit10th | Margaret Thatcher London
    11th G7 summit11th | Helmut Kohl Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia
    12th G7 summit12th | Yasuhiro Nakasone Tokyo
    13th G7 summit13th | Amintore Fanfani Venice
    14th G7 summit14th | Brian Mulroney Toronto
    15th G7 summit15th | François Mitterrand Paris
    16th G7 summit16th | George H. W. Bush Houston, Texas
    17th G7 summit17th | John Major London
    18th G7 summit18th | Helmut Kohl Munich, Bavaria
    19th G7 summit19th | Kiichi Miyazawa Tokyo
    20th G7 summit20th | Silvio Berlusconi Naples
    21st G7 summit21st | Jean Chrétien Halifax Regional Municipality>Halifax, Nova Scotia
    22nd G7 summit22nd | Jacques Chirac Lyon International organization
    [[23rd G8 summit23rd | Bill Clinton Denver, Colorado Russia joins the group, forming G8
    24th G8 summit24th | Tony Blair Birmingham, England
    25th G8 summit25th | Gerhard Schröder Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia First Summit of the G-20 major economies at Berlin
    26th G8 summit26th | Yoshiro Mori Nago, Okinawa>Nago, Okinawa Formation of the G8+5 starts, when South Africa was invited. Since then, it has been invited to the Summit annually without interruption. Also, with permission from a G8 leader, other nations were invited to the Summit on a periodical basis for the first time. Nigeria, Algeria and Senegal accepted their invitations here. The World Health Organization was also invited for the first time, too.
    27th G8 summit27th | Silvio Berlusconi Genoa Leaders from Bangladesh, Mali and El Salvador accepted their invitations here. Demonstrator Carlo Giuliani is shot and killed by police during a violent demonstration.
    28th G8 summit28th | Jean Chrétien Kananaskis Improvement District>Kananaskis, Alberta 32nd G8 summit>G8 Summit.
    29th G8 summit29th | Jacques Chirac Évian-les-Bains unofficially made, when People's Republic of China>China, India, Brazil, and Mexico were invited to this Summit for the first time. South Africa has joined the G8 Summit since 2000. Other first-time nations that were invited by the French president included: Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Switzerland.
    30th G8 summit30th | George W. Bush Sea Island, Georgia Ghana, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, Yemen and Uganda. Also, the Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan>state funeral of former president Ronald Reagan took place in Washington during the summit.
    31st G8 summit31st | Tony Blair Gleneagles, Scotland>Gleneagles, Scotland The G8+5 was officially formed. On the second day of the meeting, suicide bombers killed 52 people on the London Underground and a bus. Nations that were invited for the first time were Ethiopia and Tanzania. The African Union and the International Energy Agency made their debut here.
    32nd G8 summit32nd | Vladimir Putin Strelna, St. Petersburg First G8 Summit on Russian soil. Also, the International Atomic Energy Agency and UNESCO made their debut here.
    33rd G8 summit33rd | Angela Merkel Heiligendamm, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Seven different international organizations accepted their invitations to this Summit. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Commonwealth of Independent States made their debut here.
    34th G8 summit34th | Yasuo Fukuda Toyako (Lake Toya), Hokkaido || Nations that accepted their G8 Summit invitations for the first time are: Australia, Indonesia and South Korea.
    35th G8 summit35th | Silvio Berlusconi L'Aquila, Abruzzo This G8 Summit was originally planned to be in La Maddalena (Sardinia), but was moved to L'Aquila as a way of showing Prime Minister Berlusconi's desire to help the region in and around L'Aquila after the earthquake that hit the area on the April 6th, 2009. Nations that accepted their invitations for the first time were: Angola, Denmark, Netherlands and Spain. A record of TEN (10) international organizations were represented in this G8 Summit. For the first time, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Programme, and the International Labour Organization accepted their invitations.
    36th G8 summit36th | Stephen Harper Huntsville, Ontario Malawi, Colombia, Haiti, and Jamaica accepted their invitations for the first time.
    37th G8 summit37th | Nicolas Sarkozy Deauville, Lower Normandy>Basse-Normandie Guinea, Niger, Côte d'Ivoire and Tunisia accepted their invitations for the first time. Also, the Arab League>League of Arab States made its debut to the meeting.
    38th G8 summit38th | Barack Obama Chicago
    39th G8 summit39th | David Cameron TBD Britain hopes to refocus the event, possibly by discussing a single issue such as the Middle East and inviting key players, such as Turkey or Israel. David Cameron is critical of the value and cost of the G8 if there is too much focus on communiques as opposed to building trust between world leaders. He has been looking at the idea of attaching the G8 summit to another event such as the UN general assembly.
    40th G8 summit40th | TBD TBD

    Member facts

    All eight of the G8 countries are amongst the thirteen top-ranked leading export countries. The USA, Germany, Italy, France, Russia and Japan are among the top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves. Some of the world's 18 largest major stock exchanges by traded value and market capitalization are in G8 countries (U.S., Japan, UK, Canada, Germany, Russia.) G8 countries are represented in the top eleven economies (by
    nominal GDP) of the world, according to latest (2010 data) International Monetary Fund's statistics. Also, five countries of the G8 have nominal GDP per capita above US$40,000. (USA, Canada, Japan, France, Germany), from the same 2010 IMF data.

    A couple of the world's 10 largest oil producers (Russia, USA, and Canada) and the countries with the third and eighth largest oil reserves (Canada and Russia respectively) are in the G8. Seven of the nine largest nuclear energy producers are in the G8 (USA, France, Japan, Russia, Germany, Canada, UK), even though Germany will wean itself from nuclear power by 2022. The 7 largest donors to the UN budget for the 2011 annual fiscal year are in the G8 (U.S., Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Canada.) The G8 and the BRIC countries makes up almost all of the 15-nation "trillion dollar club of nations." All of the G8 and G8+5 countries (minus South Africa) are in the top twenty nations that are ranked by the amount of voting power and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in the IMF organization.

    Cumulative influence of member nations

    Together the eight countries making up the G8 represent about 14% of the world population, but they represent about 60% of the Gross World Product as measured by gross domestic product, all eight nations being within the top 12 countries according to the CIA World Factbook. (see the CIA World Factbook column in List of countries by GDP (nominal)), the majority of global military power (seven are in the top 8 nations for military expenditure), and almost all of the world's active nuclear weapons. In 2007, the combined G8 military spending was US$850 billion. This is 72% of the world's total military expenditures. (see List of countries and federations by military expenditures) Four of the G8 members, the United Kingdom, United States, France and Russia, together account for 96–99% of the world's nuclear weapons. (see List of states with nuclear weapons)

    Criticism and demonstrations

    The most widespread criticisms centre on the assertion that members of G8 are responsible for exacerbating global problems such as poverty in Africa and developing countries – through debt and trade policy; global warming – due to carbon dioxide emissions; and the AIDS problem – due to strict medicine patent policy and other issues related to globalization. During the 31st G8 summit in United Kingdom, 225,000 people took to the streets of Edinburgh as part of the Make Poverty History campaign calling for Trade Justice, Debt Relief and Better Aid. Numerous other demonstrations also took place challenging the legitimacy of the G8.

    One of the largest and most violent anti-globalization movement protests occurred for the 27th G8 summit. Following those events and the September 11 attacks two months later in 2001, the G8 have met at more remote locations. The 7 July 2005 London bombings were timed to coincide with the 31st G8 summit in United Kingdom.

    The group has also been criticized for its membership, which critics argue has now become unrepresentative of the world's most powerful economies. In particular, China has surpassed every economy except the United States, while Brazil has surpassed Canada and Italy (according to the IMF) and India has surpassed Russia.

    See also

  • BRIC
  • Developing 8 Countries
  • Forum for the Future (Bahrain 2005)
  • G3 Free Trade Agreement
  • G7
  • G-20 major economies
  • Group of Two
  • Group of Eleven
  • Group of 15
  • Group of 24
  • Group of 77
  • Junior 8
  • List of countries by GDP (nominal)
  • List of countries by military expenditures
  • List of G8 summit resorts
  • List of longest serving G8 leaders
  • Next Eleven
  • World Social Forum
  • Notes

    References

  • Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. 10-ISBN 0-754-61185-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-754-61185-1; OCLC 43186692
  • Haas, P.M. (1992). "Introduction. Epistemic communities and international policy coordination," ''International Organization 46,1:1–35.
  • Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. 13-ISBN 9780754645504/10-ISBN 0754645509; OCLC 277231920
  • Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988–1995. New York: Garland Publishing. 10-ISBN 0815333323/13-ISBN 9780815333326; OCLC 40460131
  • Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0415164869/13-ISBN 9780415164863; 13-ISBN 9780203450857;10-ISBN 020345085X; OCLC 39013643
  • External links

  • The Canadian Government's G8 Web Site (in English)
  • G8 Information Centre, G8 Research Group, University of Toronto
  • "2010 is a date with fate for G8", Oxfam International Blogs
  • "Special Report: G8", Guardian Unlimited
  • "Profile: G8", BBC News
  • "We are deeply concerned. Again", New Statesman, 4 July 2005, —G8 development concerns since 1977
  • G8 Information Centre Finance Ministers Meetings
  • "G8: Cooking the books won’t feed anyone", Oxfam International
  • "Dear G8 Leaders, don’t lie about your aid", Oxfam International Blogs
  • "Wait, the G-8 still exists?", Foreign Policy Magazine
  • "Is this the last G-8 summit meeting?", Foreign Policy Magazine
  • Category:Country classifications Category:International organizations Category:20th-century diplomatic conferences Category:21st-century diplomatic conferences

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