Coordinates	28°1′0″N153°24′0″N
Name	Tagalog
Nativename	Wikang Tagalog
States	Philippines
Region	Central and South Luzon
Speakers	First language (in the Philippines): 25 million Second language: over 60 million Overall: 90 million
Nation	Philippines (in the form of Filipino) Alaska (minority language) California (minority language) Nevada (minority language) New Jersey (minority language)
Agency	Commission on the Filipino Language
Familycolor	Austronesian
Fam2	Malayo-Polynesian
Fam3	Philippine
Fam4	Central Philippine
Stand1	Filipino
Map	Tagalosphere.png
Mapcaption	The map shows the areas where the language is spoken by a significant population. Overseas Filipinos use the languages as a lingua franca. There are over a million speakers in Saudi Arabia and in the United States, plus 90 million in the Philippines itself.
Script	Tagalog and Filipino alphabets (Latin script);Historically written in Baybayin
Iso1	tl|iso2tgl|iso3tgl
Lingua	31-CKA
Notice	IPA }}

Tagalog (pronounced in English) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV (CALABARZON and MIMAROPA) and of Metro Manila. Its standardized form, commonly called Filipino, is the national language and one of two official languages of the Philippines. It is related to—though not readily intelligible with—other Austronesian languages such as Malay, Javanese, and Hawaiian.

History

The word Tagalog derived from tagailog, from tagá- meaning "native of" and ílog meaning "river." Thus, it means "river dweller." Very little is known about the history of the language. However, according to linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust, the Tagalogs originated, along with their Central Philippine cousins, from Northeastern Mindanao or Eastern Visayas.

The first written record of Tagalog is in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, written in the year 900 and uses fragments of the language along with Sanskrit, Malay, and Javanese. Meanwhile, the first known book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine) of 1593. It was written in Spanish and two versions of Tagalog; one written in the Baybayin script and the other in the Latin alphabet. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish occupation, there were grammar and dictionaries written by Spanish clergymen such as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala by Pedro de San Buenaventura (Pila, Laguna, 1613), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835) and Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850). Poet Francisco Baltazar (1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer. His most notable work is the early 19th-century Florante at Laura.

Tagalog and Filipino

In 1937, Tagalog was selected as the basis of the national language of the Philippines by the National Language Institute. In 1939, Manuel L. Quezon named the national language "Wikang Pambansâ" ("National Language"). Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José Romero, as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non-Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection.

In 1971, the language issue was revived once more, and a compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.

Classification

Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages such as Malagasy, Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Tetum (of East Timor), and Tao language (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol and Visayas regions such as Bikol and the Visayan group including Hiligaynon and Cebuano.

Languages that have made significant contributions to Tagalog vocabulary are especially Spanish and English.

Dialects

At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars on various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete, and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog. However, there appear to be four main dialects of which the aforementioned are a part; Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:

Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in standard Tagalog. For example standard Tagalog ngayon (now, today), sinigang (broth stew), gabi (night), matamis (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects.

In Teresian-Morong Tagalog, is usually preferred over . For example, bundók, dagat, dingdíng, and isdâ become bunrók, ragat, ringríng, and isrâ, as well as their expression seen in some signages like "sandok sa dingdíng" was changed to "sanrok sa ringríng".

In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect prefix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers since a phrase such as nakain ka ba ng pating is interpreted as "did a shark eat you?" by those from Manila but in reality means "do you eat shark?" to those in the south.

Some dialects have interjections which are considered a trademark of their region. For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! in Rizal and Quezon provinces.

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.

One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog dialects by the early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.

{|class="wikitable" ! style="background:#efefef;" | Manileño Tagalog ! style="background:#efefef;" | Marinduqueño Tagalog ! style="background:#efefef;" | English |- |Susulat sina Maria at Fulgencia kay Juan. |Másúlat da Maria at Fulgencia kay Juan. |"Maria and Fulgencia will write to Juan." |- |Mag-aaral siya sa Maynila. |Gaaral siya sa Maynila. |"He will study in Manila." |- |Magluto ka na! |Pagluto! |"Cook now!" |- |Kainin mo iyan. |Kaina yaan. |"Eat that." |- |Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay. |Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay. |"Father is calling us." |- |Tinulungan ba kayó ni Hilario? |Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario? |"Did Hilario help you?" |}

Northern dialects and the central dialects are the basis for the national language.

Features

Geographic distribution

The Tagalog homeland, or Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon—particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, and large parts of Zambales. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands, Marinduque, Mindoro, and large areas of Palawan. It is spoken by approximately 64.3 million Filipinos, 96.4% of the household population. 21.5 million, or 28.15% of the total Philippine population, speak it as a native language.

Tagalog speakers are found in other parts of the Philippines as well as throughout the world, though its use is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. 2010, the US Census bureau reported (based on data collected in 2007) that in the United States it was the fourth most-spoken language at home with almost 1.5 million speakers, behind Spanish or Spanish Creole, French (including Patois, Cajun, Creole), and Chinese. Tagalog ranked as the third most spoken language in metropolitan statistical areas, behind Spanish and Chinese but ahead of French.

Official status

Tagalog was declared the official language by the first constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.

In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939 President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as wikang pambansâ (national language). In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino".

The 1973 constitution designated the Tagalog-based "Pilipino", along with English, as an official language and mandated the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino. The 1987 constitution designated Filipino as the national language, mandating that as it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, in practice, Filipino is simply Tagalog.

Article XIV, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part:

In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role.

Code-switching

Taglish and Enggalog are portmanteaus given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to outright code-switching where the language changes in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various of the languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog.

Code Mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are Filipinized by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use.

:Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center? :"We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?"

Although it is generally looked down upon, code-switching is prevalent in all levels of society; however, city-dwellers, the highly educated, and people born around and after World War II are more likely to do it. Politicians as highly placed as President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo have code-switched in interviews.

The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's, and Western Union have contained Taglish.

The Chinese and the non-Tagalog communities in the Philippines also frequently code-switch their language, be it Cebuano or Min Nan Chinese, with Taglish.

Phonology

Tagalog has 26 phonemes: 21 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel, and begins in at most one consonant, except for borrowed words such as trak which means "truck", or tsokolate meaning "chocolate".

Vowels

Before appearing in the area north of Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel phonemes: , , and . This was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of words from Northern Philippine languages like Kapampangan and Ilocano and Spanish words.

They are: an open central unrounded vowel similar to English "father"; in the middle of a word, a near-open central vowel similar to English "cup" an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to English "bed" a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "machine" a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English "forty" a close back unrounded vowel similar to English "flute"

Nevertheless pairs 'o' and 'u and 'e' and 'i' are likely to be interchanged by the people without a very high command of the language.

There are six main diphthongs; , , , , , and .

Consonants

Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

!	! colspan="2"			! colspan="2"	! colspan="2"	! colspan="2"
Nasal">Dental consonant	! colspan="2"	! colspan="2"	! colspan="2"	! colspan="2"
Nasal
Plosive consonant>Plosive
Fricative consonant>Fricative
Affricate consonant>Affricate			()	()
Flap consonant>Tap
Approximant consonant>Approximant

Stress

Stress is phonemic in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the last or the next-to-the-last (penultimate) syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Stress on words is highly important, since it differentiates words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. tayô (to stand) and tayo (us; we).

Sounds

Vowels

is raised slightly to in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions (inang bayan ) Unstressed is usually pronounced as in English "bit" At the final syllable, can be pronounced , as is an allophone of in final syllables. Unstressed and can sometimes be pronounced and , except in final syllables. and were also former allophones. can be pronounced as a close-mid front unrounded vowel . Unstressed is usually pronounced as in English "book" The diphthong and the sequence have a tendency to become . The diphthong and the sequence have a tendency to become . or before s-consonant clusters have a tendency to become silent. tends to become in stressed positions.

Consonants

between vowels has a tendency to become as in Spanish "José", whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become , especially in the Manila dialect. Intervocalic and tend to become (see preceding), as in Arabic "ghair", especially in the Manila dialect. and are sometimes interchangeable as and were once allophones in Tagalog.

A glottal stop that occurs at the end of a word is often omitted when it is in the middle of a sentence, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then usually lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.

may be pronounced , as in English "chimney." can be pronounced . can be pronounced .

Historical changes

Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel . In Bikol & Visayan, this sound merged with and . In Tagalog, it has merged with . For example, Proto-Philippine (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukot.

Proto-Philippine , , and merged with but is between vowels. Proto-Philippine (name) and (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík.

Proto-Philippine merged with . (water) and (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô.

Grammar

Writing system

Baybayin

Tagalog was written in an abugida, or alphasyllabary, called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi.

Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule.

There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.

A "kudlit" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the final vowel was just left out, leaving the reader to use context to determine the final vowels.

Example:

Baybayin is encoded in Unicode version 3.2 in the range 1700-171F under the name "Tagalog".

{| |----- | valign="top" |

vowels

	᜔
a	ᜀ
ie	ᜁ
u o	ᜂ

| valign="top" |

b

b	ᜊ᜔
ba	ᜊ
bibe	ᜊᜒ
bu bo	ᜊᜓ

| valign="top" |

k

k	ᜃ᜔
ka	ᜃ
kike	ᜃᜒ
ku ko	ᜃᜓᜓ

| valign="top" |

d/r

d/r	ᜇ᜔
da/ra	ᜇ
di/ride/re	ᜇᜒ
du/ru do/ro	ᜇᜓ

| valign="top" |

g

g	ᜄ᜔
ga	ᜄ
gige	ᜄᜒ
gu go	ᜄᜓ

| valign="top" |

h

h	ᜑ᜔
ha	ᜑ
hihe	ᜑᜒ
hu ho	ᜑᜓ

| valign="top" |

l

l	ᜎ᜔
la	ᜎ
lile	ᜎᜒ
lu lo	ᜎᜓ

| valign="top" |

m

m	ᜋ᜔
ma	ᜋ
mime	ᜋᜒ
mu mo	ᜋᜓ

| valign="top" |

n

n	ᜈ᜔
na	ᜈ
nine	ᜈᜒ
nu no	ᜈᜓ

| valign="top" |

ng

ng	ᜅ᜔
nga	ᜅ
nginge	ᜅᜒ
ngu ngo	ᜅᜓ

| valign="top" |

p

p	ᜉ᜔
pa	ᜉ
pipe	ᜉᜒ
pu po	ᜉᜓ

| valign="top" |

s

s	ᜐ᜔
sa	ᜐ
sise	ᜐᜒ
su so	ᜐᜓ

| valign="top" |

t

t	ᜆ᜔
ta	ᜆ
tite	ᜆᜒ
tu to	ᜆᜓ

| valign="top" |

w

w	ᜏ᜔
wa	ᜏ
wiwe	ᜏᜒ
wu wo	ᜏᜓ

| valign="top" |

y

y	ᜌ᜔
ya	ᜌ
yiye	ᜌᜒ
yu yo	ᜌᜓ

| valign="top" | |}

Latin alphabet

Abecedario

Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called 'ABECEDARIO' :

b c ch d e f g h i j k l ll m n

Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
A	a	Ng
B	|	Ñ	ñ
C	|	/ Ñg	/ ñg
Ch	|	O	o
D	|	P	p
E	|	Q	q
F	|	R	r
G	|	Rr	rr
H	|	S	s
I	|	T	t
J	|	U	u
K	|	V	v
L	|	W	w
Ll	|	X	x
M	|	Y	y
N	|	Z	z

Abakada

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balarilà :

b k d e g h i l m

Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
A	a	N
B	|	Ng	ng
K	|	O	o
D	|	P	p
E	|	R	r
G	|	S	s
H	|	T	t
I	|	U	u
L	|	W	w
M	|	Y	y

Revised alphabet

In 1987 the department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English.:

b c d e f g h i j k l m n

Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
A	a	Ñ
B	|	Ng	ng
C	|	O	o
D	|	P	p
E	|	Q	q
F	|	R	r
G	|	S	s
H	|	T	t
I	|	U	u
J	|	V	v
K	|	W	w
L	|	X	x
M	|	Y	y
N	|	Z	z

ng and mga

The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga are abbreviations that are pronounced nang and mangá . Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siya ay kapatid ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses. Mga (pronounced as "muh-NGA") denotes plurality as adding an s, es, or ies does in English (ex. Iyan ang mga damit ko. (Those are my clothes)).

Nang si Hudas ay madulas.—When Judas slipped.

Gumising siya nang maaga.—He woke up early.

Gumalíng nang si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siya.—Juan greatly improved because he practiced.

In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulas). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up (gumising) early (maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved (gumaling), which is "greatly" (nang ). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used (Gumising na maaga/Maagang gumising; Gumaling na /Todong gumaling).

The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word:

Naghintay sila nang naghintay.—They kept on waiting.

po/ho and opo/oho

The words po/ho and opo/oho are traditionally used as polite iterations of the affirmative "oo" ("yes"). It is generally used when addressing elders or superiors such as bosses or teachers.

"Po" and "opo" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Ho" and "oho" are generally used to politely address older neighbors, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship. However, "po" and "opo" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect.

Example: "Pakitapon naman po/ho yung basura". ("Please throw away the trash.")

Used in the affirmative:

Ex: "Gutom ka na ba?" "Opo/Oho". ("Are you hungry yet?" "Yes").

Po/Ho may also be used in negation.

Ex: "Hindi ko po/ho alam 'yan."("I don't know that.")

Vocabulary and borrowed words

Spanish is the language that has bequeathed the most loan words to Tagalog. According to linguists, Spanish (5,000) has even surpassed Malay (3,500) in terms of loan words borrowed. About 40% of everyday (informal) Tagalog conversation is practically made up of Spanish loanwords.

Tagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of Austronesian origin with borrowings from Japanese, Sanskrit, Min Nan Chinese (also known as Hokkien), Javanese, Malay, Arabic, languages spoken in Luzon, and others, especially other Austronesian languages.

Due to trade with Mexico via the Manila galleon from the 16th to the 19th centuries, many words from Nahuatl, a language spoken by Native Americans in Mexico, were introduced to Tagalog.

English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, ylang-ylang, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of Philippine English.

+Other examples of Tagalog words used in English	!Example	!Definition
boondocks	meaning "rural" or "back country," was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines following the Spanish American War as a mispronounced version of the Tagalog bundok, which means "mountain."
cogon	a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word kugon (a species of tall grass).
ylang-ylang	a type of flower known for its fragrance.
Abaca	a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, from abaká.
Manila hemp	a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper usually made from abaca hemp.
Capiz	also known as window oyster, is used to make windows.

Yo-yo is reportedly a Tagalog word; however, no such word exists in Tagalog. In fact it is a word that came to the Occidental culture through Philippines in the Spanish period, but its origin is Chinese.

Tagalog has contributed several words to Philippine Spanish, like barangay (from , meaning barrio), the abacá, cogon, palay, dalaga etc.

Tagalog words of foreign origin

{|class="wikitable" ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tagalog ! style="background:#efefef;" | meaning ! style="background:#efefef;" | language of origin ! style="background:#efefef;" | original spelling |- |kumusta |how are you? (general greeting) |Spanish |cómo estás |- |kabayo |horse |Spanish |caballo |- |Diyos |God |Spanish |Dios |- |silya |chair |Spanish |silla |- |kotse |car |Spanish |coche |- |relo |wristwatch |Spanish |reloj |- |litrato |picture |Spanish |retrato |- |tsismis (chis-mis) |gossip |Spanish |chismes |- |Ingles |English |Spanish |inglés |- |tsinelas/sinelas |slippers |Spanish |chinelas |- |karne |meat |Spanish |carne |- |sapatos |shoes |Spanish |zapatos |- |arina/harina |flour |Spanish |harina |- |bisikleta |bicycle |Spanish |bicicleta |- |baryo |village |Spanish |barrio |- |swerte |luck |Spanish |suerte |- |piyesta/pista |feast |Spanish |fiesta |- |garahe |garage |Spanish |garaje |- |ahente |agent/salesman |Spanish |agente |- |ensaymada |a kind of pastry |Catalan (Mallorqui dialect) |ensaïmada |- |kamote |sweet potato |Nahuatl |camotli |- |sayote (sa-yo-te) |chayote |Nahuatl |chayotli |- |sili |chili pepper |Nahuatl |chilli |- |tsokolate (cho-co-la-te) |chocolate |Nahuatl |chocolatl |- |tiangge/palenque |market |Nahuatl |tianquiztli |- |sapote/tsiko |chico (fruit) |Nahuatl |tzapotl |- |awtomobil |car |English/Spanish |automobile/automóvil |- |nurs |nurse |English |nurse |- |bolpen |ballpoint pen |English |ballpen |- |pulisia/pulis |police |Spanish |policía |- |suspecho |suspect |Spanish |sospechar |- |traysikel / trisiklo |tricycle |English / Spanish |tricycle / triciclo |- |bwisit |annoyance, expletive |Min Nan Chinese |無衣食 (lit. "No clothes or food") |- |lumpia (/lum·pya/) |spring roll |Min Nan Chinese |潤餅 |- |siopao (/syo·paw/) |steamed buns |Min Nan Chinese |燒包 |- |pancit (/pan·set/) / pansit |noodles |Min Nan Chinese |扁食 |- |susi (su-se) |key |Min Nan Chinese |鎖匙 |- |bangka |sailboat |Min Nan Chinese |艋舺 |- |kuya |older brother |Min Nan Chinese |哥兄 |- |ate (/ah·te/) |older sister |Min Nan Chinese |阿姐　(short for 大姐) |- |bakya |wooden shoes |Min Nan Chinese |木履 |- |hikaw |earrings |Min Nan Chinese |耳鈎 |- |kanan |right |Malay |kanan |- |tulong |help |Malay |tolong |- |sakit |sick, pain |Malay |sakit |- |pulo/isla |island |Malay |pulau |- |anak |child,son & daughter |Malay |anak |- |pinto |door |Malay |pintu |- |tanghali |afternoon |Malay |tengah hari |- |dalamhati |grief |Malay |dalam + hati |- |luwalhati |glory |Malay |luar + hati |- |duryan |durian |Malay |durian |- |rambutan |rambutan |Malay |rambutan |- |batik |spot |Malay |batik |- |sarap |delicious |Malay |sedap |- |asa |hope |Sanskrit |आशा (ahshा) |- |salita |speak |Sanskrit |चरितँ (cerita) |- |balita |news |Sanskrit |वार्ता (berita) |- |karma |karma |Sanskrit |कर्म (kárma) |- |alak |liquor |Persian |عرق (araq) |- |bagay |thing |Tamil |வகை (vagai) |- |hukom |judge |Arabic |حكم (ħ-k-m) |- |salamat |thanks |Arabic |سلامة (slamah) |- |bakit |why |Kapampangan |obakit |- |akyat |climb/step up |Kapampangan |ukyát/mukyat |- |at |and |Kapampangan |at |- |bundok |mountain |Kapampangan |bunduk |- |huwag |don't |Pangasinan |ag |- |aso |dog |South Cordilleran or Ilocano (also Ilokano) |aso |- |tayo |we (inc.) |South Cordilleran or Ilocano |tayo |- |ito,nito |it. |South Cordilleran or Ilocano |to |}

Austronesian comparison chart

Below is a chart of Tagalog and twenty other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words; the first thirteen languages are spoken in the Philippines and the other nine are spoken in Indonesia, East Timor, New Zealand, Hawaii, Madagascar and Borneo.

{|class="wikitable" ! style="background:#efefef;" | English ! style="background:#efefef;" | one ! style="background:#efefef;" | two ! style="background:#efefef;" | three ! style="background:#efefef;" | four ! style="background:#efefef;" | person ! style="background:#efefef;" | house ! style="background:#efefef;" | dog ! style="background:#efefef;" | coconut ! style="background:#efefef;" | day ! style="background:#efefef;" | new ! style="background:#efefef;" | we ! style="background:#efefef;" | what ! style="background:#efefef;" | fire |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tagalog |isa |dalawa |tatlo |apat |tao |bahay |aso |niyog |araw |bago |tayo |ano |apoy |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bikol |saro |duwa |tulo |apat |tawo |harong |ayam |niyog |aldaw |ba-go |kita |ano |kalayo |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Cebuano |usa |duha |tulo |upat |tawo |balay |iro |lubi |adlaw |bag-o |kita |unsa |kalayo |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Waray |usa |duha |tulo |upat |tawo |balay |ayam |lubi |adlaw |bag-o |kita |ano |kalayo |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tausug |hambuuk |duwa |tu |upat |tau |bay |iru' |niyug |adlaw |ba-gu |kitaniyu |unu |kayu |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Kinaray-a |sara |darwa |tatlo |apat |taho |balay |ayam |niyog |adlaw |bag-o |kita, taten |ano |kalayo |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Maranao |isa |dowa |t'lo |phat |taw |walay |aso |neyog |gawi'e |bago |tano |tonaa |apoy |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Kapampangan |metung |adwa |atlu |apat |tau |bale |asu |ngungut |aldo |bayu |ikatamu |nanu |api |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Pangasinan |sakey |dua, duara |talo, talora |apat, apatira |too |abong |aso |niyog |ageo |balo |sikatayo |anto |pool |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Ilokano |maysa |dua |tallo |uppat |tao |balay |aso |niog |aldaw |baro |datayo |ania |apoy |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Ivatan |asa |dadowa |tatdo |apat |tao |vahay |chito |niyoy |araw |va-yo |yaten |ango |apoy |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Ibanag |tadday |dua |tallu |appa' |tolay |balay |kitu |niuk |aggaw |bagu |sittam |anni |afi |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Gaddang |antet |addwa |tallo |appat |tolay |balay |atu |ayog |aw |bawu |ikkanetam |sanenay |afuy |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tboli |sotu |lewu |tlu |fat |tau |gunu |ohu |lefo |kdaw |lomi |tekuy |tedu |ofih |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Indonesian |satu |dua |tiga |empat |orang |rumah/balai |anjing |kelapa/nyiur |hari |baru |kita |apa/anu |api |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Buginese |sedi |dua |tellu |eppa |tau |bola |asu |kaluku |esso |baru |idi |aga |api |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bataknese |sada |dua |tolu |opat |halak |jabu |biang |harambiri |ari |baru |hita |aha |api |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tetum |ida |rua |tolu |haat |ema |uma |asu |nuu |loron |foun |ita |saida |ahi |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Maori |tahi |rua |toru |wha |tangata |whare |kuri |kokonati |ra |hou |taua |aha |ahi |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Hawaiian |kahi |lua |kolu |hā |kanaka |hale |'īlio |niu |ao |hou |kākou |aha |ahi |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Banjarese | asa | duwa | talu | ampat | urang | rūmah | hadupan | kǎlapa | hǎri | hanyar | kami | apa | api |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Malagasy |isa |roa |telo |efatra |olona |trano |alika |voanio |andro |vaovao |isika |inona |afo |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Dusun | iso | duo | tolu | apat | tulun | walai | tasu | piasau | tadau | wagu | tokou | onu/nu | tapui |}

Religious literature

Religious literature remains to be one of the most dynamic contributors to Tagalog literature. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into Tagalog, the first full translation to any of the Philippine languages. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been circulating. At present, there are four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible—the Magandang Balita Biblia (a parallel translation of the Good News Bible), which is the ecumenical version; the Bibliya ng Sambayanang Pilipino; the Ang Biblia, which is a more Protestant version published in 1909; and the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan, one of about ninety parallel translations of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures published by Jehovah's Witnesses. The latter was released in the year 2000. Jehovah's Witnesses previously published a hybrid translation: Ang Biblia was used for the Old Testament, while the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin was used for the New Testament.

When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. In fact, the Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982, while not published in English until 1985.

Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941 and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog.

Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical.

Examples

Lord's Prayer

The Lord's Prayer is "Ama Namin" in Tagalog.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This is the Universal Declaration of Rights (Pangkalahatang Pagpapahayag ng Karapatang Pantao)

Numbers

The numbers (mga bilang) in Tagalog language are of two forms. The first one, was native to Tagalog language and the other is Tagalized version of Spanish numbers. For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated to Tagalog language as "pito" or "syete" (Sp. siete).

{|class="wikitable" !Number !Cardinal !Spanish loanword(Original Spanish) !Ordinal |- |0 |zero |sero (cero) | - |- |1 |isa |uno (uno) |una |- |2 |dalawa[dalaua] |dos (dos) |pangalawa / ikalawa (or ikadalawa in some informal compositions) |- |3 |tatlo |tres (tres) |pangatlo / ikatlo |- |4 |apat |kwatro (cuatro) |pang-apat / ikaapat ("ika" and the number-word are never hyphenated. For numbers, however, they always are.) |- |5 |lima |singko (cinco) |panlima / ikalima |- |6 |anim |sais (seis) |pang-anim / ikaanim |- |7 |pito |syete (siete) |pampito / ikapito |- |8 |walo |otso (ocho) |pangwalo / ikawalo |- |9 |siyam |nwebe (nueve) |pansiyam / ikasiyam |- |10 |sampu [sang puo] |dyes (diez) |pansampu / ikasampu (or ikapu in some literary compositions) |- |11 |labing-isa |onse (once) |panlabing isa / pang-onse / ikalabing-isa |- |12 |labindalawa |dose (doce) |panlabindalawa / pandose / ikalabindalawa |- |13 |labintatlo |trese (trece) |panlabintatlo / pantrese / ikalabintatlo |- |14 |labing-apat |katorse (catorce) |panlabing-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabing-apat |- |15 |labinlima |kinse (quince) |panlabinlima / pangkinse / ikalabinlima |- |16 |labing-anim |disisais (diez y séis) |panlabing-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabing-anim |- |17 |labimpito |disisyete (diez y siete) |panlabimpito / pandyes-syete / ikalabimpito |- |18 |labingwalo |disiotso (diez y ocho) |panlabingwalo / pandyes-otso / ikalabingwalo |- |19 |labinsiyam |disinwebe (diez y nueve) |panlabinsiyam / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyam |- |20 |dalawampu |bente / beinte (veinte) |pandalawampu / ikadalawampu (or ikalawampu in some literary compositions both formal and informal (rarely used)) |- |30 |tatlumpu |trenta / treinta (treinta) |pantatlumpu / ikatatlumpu (or ikatlumpu in some literary compositions both formal and informal (rarely used)) |- |40 |apatnapu |kwarenta (cuarenta) |pang-apatnapu / ikaapatnapu |- |41 |apatnapu't isa |kwarentayuno (cuarenta y uno) |pang-apatnapu't isa / ikaapatnapu't isa |- |50 |limampu |singkwenta (cincuenta) |panlimampu / ikalimampu |- |60 |animnapu |sisenta (sesenta) |pang-animnapu / ikaanimnapu |- |70 |pitumpu |sitenta (setenta) |pampitumpu / ikapitumpu |- |80 |walumpu |otsenta / utsenta (ochenta) |pangwalumpu / ikawalumpu |- |90 |siyamnapu |nobenta (noventa) |pansiyamnapu / ikasiyamnapu |- |100 |sandaan |syento (ciento) |pan(g)-(i)sandaan / ikasandaan (or ika-isandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) |- |200 |dalawandaan |dos syentos (doscientos) |pandalawandaan / ikadalawandaan (or ikalawandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) |- |300 |tatlondaan |tres syentos (trescientos) |pantatlong daan / ikatatlondaan (or ikatlondaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) |- |400 |apat na raan |kwatro syentos (cuatrocientos) |pang-apat na raan / ikaapat na raan |- |500 |limandaan |singko syentos (quinientos) |panlimandaán / ikalimandaán |- |600 |anim na raan |sais syentos (siescientos) |pang-anim na raan / ikaanim na raan |- |700 |pitongdaan |syete syentos (sietecientos) |pampitondaan / ikapitondaan (or ikapitong raan) |- |800 |walongdaan |otso syentos (ochocientos) |pangwalondaan / ikawalondaan (or ikawalong raan) |- |900 |siyam na raan |nwebe syentos (novecientos) |pansiyam na raan / ikasiyam na raan |- |1,000 |sanlibo |mil (mil) |panlibo / ikasanlibo |- |2,000 |dalawanglibo |dos mil (dos mil) |pangalawang libo / ikalawanlibo |- |10,000 |sanlaksa / sampung libo |dyes mil (diez mil) |pansampung libo / ikapung libo |- |20,000 |dalawanlaksa / dalawampung libo |bente mil (veinte mil) |pangalawampung libo / ikalawampung libo |- |100,000 |sangyuta / sandaang libo |syento mil (ciento mil) |  |- |200,000 |dalawangyuta / dalawandaang libo |dos syento mil (dos ciento mil) |  |- |1,000,000 |sang-angaw / sangmilyon |milyon (un millón) |  |- |2,000,000 |dalawang-angaw / dalawangmilyon |dos milyon (dos millones) |  |- |10,000,000 |sangkati / sampung milyon |dyes milyon (diez millones) |  |- |100,000,000 |sambahala / sandaang milyon |syento milyon (ciento millones) |  |- |1,000,000,000 |sang-atos / sambilyon |bilyon (un billón) |  |- |1,000,000,000,000 |sang-ipaw / santrilyon |trilyon (un trillón) |  |}

Months and days

Months and days in Tagalog language are also Tagalized form of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwan (the word moon is also buwan in Tagalog) and "day" is araw (the word sun is also araw in Tagalog). Unlike Spanish, months and days in Tagalog are capitalized whenever they appear in a sentence. {|class="wikitable" !Month !Original Spanish !Tagalog (abbreviation) |- | January | Enero | Enero (Ene.) |- | February | Febrero | Pebrero (Peb.) |- | March | Marzo | Marso (Mar.) |- | April | Abril | Abril (Abr.) |- | May | Mayo | Mayo (Mayo) |- | June | Junio | Hunyo (Hun.) |- | July | Julio | Hulyo (Hul.) |- | August | Agosto | Agosto (Ago.) |- | September | Septiembre | Setyembre (Set.) |- | October | Octubre | Oktubre (Okt.) |- | November | Noviembre | Nobyembre (Nob.) |- | December | Diciembre | Disyembre (Dis.) |- |} {|class="wikitable" !Day !Original Spanish !Tagalog |- | Monday | Lunes | Lunes |- | Tuesday | Martes | Martes |- | Wednesday | Miércoles | Miyerkules / Myerkules |- | Thursday | Jueves | Huwebes / Hwebes |- | Friday | Viernes | Biyernes / Byernes |- | Saturday | Sábado | Sabado |- | Sunday | Domingo | Linggo |}

Common phrases

English !! Tagalog (with Pronunciation)
Filipino	Pilipino
English	Inglés
Tagalog	Tagalog
What is your name?	Anó ang pangalan ninyo? (plural) , Anó ang pangalan mo? (singular)
How are you?	kumustá
Good morning		Magandáng umaga!
Good noontime	(from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.)	Magandáng tanghali!
Good afternoon	(from 1 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.)	Magandáng hapon!
Good evening		Magandáng gabí!
Good-bye	paálam
Please	Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- or makí- is attached as a prefix to a verb. ngâ is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e.g. Pakipasa ngâ ang tinapay. ("Can you pass the bread, please?"))
Thank you	salamat
This one	ito , sometimes pronounced (literally—"it", "this")
That one	iyan , When pointing to something at greater distances: iyun or iyon
Here	dito , heto ("Here it is")
There	doon , hayan ("There it is")
How much?	Magkano?
Yes	oo	opô or ohô (formal/polite form)
No	hindî , often shortened to dî	hindî pô (formal/polite form)
I don't know	hindî ko álam	Very informal: ewan , archaic aywan (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever')
Sorry	pasensya pô (literally from the word "patience") or paumanhin po patawad po (literally—"asking your forgiveness")
Because	kasí or dahil
Hurry		dalí! , bilís!
Again	mulí , ulít
I don't understand	Hindî ko naiintindihan or	Hindi ko nauunawaan
What?	Anó?
Where?	Saán? , Nasaán? (literally - "Where at?")
Why?	Bakít?
When?	Kailan? , , or (literally—"In what order?/"At what count?"")
How?	Paánó? (literally—"By what?")
Where's the bathroom?	Nasaán ang banyo?
Generic toast	Mabuhay (expression)>Mabuhay! [literally—"long live"]
Do you speak English?	Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés? ,	"Marunong po ba kayong magsailitâ ng Ingglés?" (polite version for elders and strangers)	Marunong ka bang mag-Ingglés? (short form),	"Marunong po ba kayong mag-Ingglés? (short form, polite version for elders and strangers)
It is fun to live.	Masaya ang mabuhay! or Masaya'ng mabuhay (contracted version)

Proverbs

Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinanggalingan ay hindî makaráratíng sa paroroonan. (José Rizal)One who does not learn to look back to where he came from, will never get to where he is going.

Ang hindî magmahál sa kanyang sariling wika ay mahigít pa sa hayop at malansang isdâ. (José Rizal)One who does not love one's own language is worse than an animal and a putrid fish.

Hulí man daw at magalíng, nakákahábol pa rin. (Hulí man raw at magalíng, nakákahábol pa rin.)If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up.

Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never make fun of someone who just woke up.

Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, ramdám ng buong katawán.The pain of the pinkie is felt by the whole body. (In a group: if one goes down, the rest comes down with it.)

Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi.Regret always comes last.

Pagkáhába-haba man ng prusisyón, sa simbahan pa rin ang tulóy.The (wedding) procession may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church. (In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try and postpone it.)

Kung dî mádaán sa santong dasalan, daanin sa santong paspasan.If you can't get it through holy prayer, get it through blessed force. (In romance and courting: santong paspasan literally means 'Holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sex. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino men. One is the traditional restrained courting favored by the older generations, which often featured serenades and doing chores for the girl's parents. It is notorious for taking ages before getting the girl to say yes. While the other is the riskier seduction which does away with the courting traditions. It can either lead to getting a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The conclusion is what western cultures would call a 'shotgun marriage', therefore the suitor gets the girl one way or the other. The proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)

See also

Filipino language

Filipino orthography

Filipino alphabet

Abakada script

Commission on the Filipino Language

References

External links

Tagalog (Filipino) Phrasebook at Wikitravel.org

Tagalog dictionary

Calderon's English-Spanish-Tagalog dictionary for cell phone and PDA

L-Lingo Tagalog Free 40 lesson online Tagalog Web Application

A Handbook and Grammar of the Tagalog Language by W.E.W. MacKinlay, 1905.

Tagalog Translator Online Online dictionary for translating Tagalog from/to English, including expressions and latest headlines regarding the Philippines.

Online E-book of Spanish-Tagalog Manual of Conversation published in Manila in 1874 by V.M. de Abella

Online E-book of Doctrina Christiana in Old Tagalog and Old Spanish, the first book published in the Philippines. Manila. 1593

Online E-book of Buhay na Nasapit ni Anselmo at ni Elisa: Sa Ciudad nang Ulma sacop nang Reinong Alemania, published in 1905

Online E-book of Arte de la Lengua Tagala y Manual Tagalog by Sebastián de Totanes published in Binondo, Manila in 1865.

Free translator/dictionary application English-Tagalog / Tagalog-English, including tourist info Philippines

Category:VOS languages

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