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Alan Macfarlane
Alan Donald James Macfarlane (born 20 December 1941) was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. He is the author or editor of 20 books and numerous articles on the anthropology and history of England, Nepal, Japan and China. He has focused on comparative study of the origins and nature of the modern world. In recent years he has become increasingly interested in the use of visual material in teaching and research.
http://wn.com/Alan_Macfarlane -
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html The Complete Works of Darwin Online - Biography.] darwin-online.org.uk. Retrieved on 2006-12-15
http://wn.com/Charles_Darwin -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Civilization
Civilization (or civilisation) refers to either: 1) the procession of human societies generally toward more development and use of more complex technology, higher population densities, increasing per capita gross domestic product, and other significant advancements; or 2) any human society (for example, "Ancient Greek Civilization") associated with any particular geographical location at a particular time, historical or current. (When used in this second sense, the word is often restricted to apply only to societies that have attained a particular level of advancement, especially the founding of cities, with the word "city" defined in various ways.) The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, long-distance trade, occupational specialization, and urbanism. Aside from these core elements, civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system, writing, standards of measurement (currency, etc.), contract and tort-based legal systems, characteristic art styles (which may pertain to specific cultures), monumental architecture, mathematics, sophisticated metallurgy, and astronomy.
http://wn.com/Civilization -
Daniele Luttazzi
Daniele Luttazzi (born January 26, 1961), real name Daniele Fabbri, is an Italian theater actor, writer, satirist, illustrator and singer/songwriter. His stage name is a homage to musician and actor Lelio Luttazzi. His favourite topics are politics, religion, sex and death.
http://wn.com/Daniele_Luttazzi -
David M. Schneider
David Murray Schneider (November 11, 1918, Brooklyn, New York - October 30, 1995, Santa Cruz, California) was an American cultural anthropologist, best known for his studies of kinship and as a major proponent of the symbolic anthropology approach to cultural anthropology. He received his B.S. in 1940 and his M.S. from Cornell University in 1941. He received his PhD in Social Anthropology from Harvard in 1949, based on fieldwork on the Micronesian island of Yap.
http://wn.com/David_M_Schneider -
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of communist theory, alongside Karl Marx. Together they produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Engels also edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital after Marx's death.
http://wn.com/Friedrich_Engels -
Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari (April 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French militant, an institutional psychotherapist, philosopher, and semiotician; he founded both schizoanalysis and ecosophy. Guattari is best known for his intellectual collaborations with Gilles Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980).
http://wn.com/Félix_Guattari -
Gianni Vattimo
Gianteresio Vattimo, also known as Gianni Vattimo (born January 4, 1936) is an internationally recognized Italian author, philosopher, and politician. Many of his works have been translated into English.
http://wn.com/Gianni_Vattimo -
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze (), (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher of the late 20th century. From the early 1960s until his death, Deleuze wrote many influential works on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular books were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with Félix Guattari.
http://wn.com/Gilles_Deleuze -
Jack Goody
Sir John (Jack) Rankine Goody (born 27 July 1919) is a British social anthropologist. He has been a prominent teacher at Cambridge University, he was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1976, and he is an associate of the US National Academy of Sciences. Among his main publications are Death, property and the ancestors (1962), The myth of the Bagre (1972) and [http://books.google.com/books?id=baQtOyscXUwC The domestication of the savage mind] (1977).
http://wn.com/Jack_Goody -
John Russon
John Russon is a Canadian philosopher, working primarily in the tradition of Continental Philosophy. In 2006, he was named Presidential Distinguished Professor at the University of Guelph.
http://wn.com/John_Russon -
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism and socialism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles."
http://wn.com/Karl_Marx -
Lewis H. Morgan
Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) was a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist, and one of the greatest social scientists of the nineteenth century in the United States. He is best known for his work on kinship and social structure, his theories of social evolution, and his ethnography of the Iroquois. Due to his study of kinship, Morgan was an early proponent of the theory that the indigenous peoples of the Americas had migrated from Asia in ancient times. His social theories influenced later Leftist theorists. Morgan is the only American social theorist to be cited by Charles Darwin, Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud.
http://wn.com/Lewis_H_Morgan -
Max Weber
Maximilian Carl Emil "Max" Weber (; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist and political economist, who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself. Weber's major works dealt with the rationalization and "disenchantment" he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity. Weber was, along with his associate Georg Simmel, a central figure in the establishment of methodological antipositivism; presenting sociology as a non-empirical field which must study social action through resolutely subjective means. He is typically cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science, and has variously been described as the most important classic thinker in the social sciences.
http://wn.com/Max_Weber -
Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault (), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), was a French philosopher, sociologist, and historian. He held a chair at the prestigious Collège de France with the title "History of Systems of Thought," and also taught at the University at Buffalo and the University of California, Berkeley.
http://wn.com/Michel_Foucault -
Mund (in law)
The mund is a principle in Germanic tradition and law that can be crudely translated as "protection" and which grew as the prerogative of a Germanic tribe king or leader. It has been Latinized in mundium.
http://wn.com/Mund_(in_law) -
nation
http://wn.com/nation -
Omaha kinship
Omaha kinship is a kinship system used to define family. Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Omaha system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese).
http://wn.com/Omaha_kinship -
Peter Laslett
Peter Laslett (18 December 1915 – 8 November 2001) was an English historian.
http://wn.com/Peter_Laslett -
Ronald David Laing
http://wn.com/Ronald_David_Laing -
Seneca tribe
http://wn.com/Seneca_tribe -
Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno (September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German-born international sociologist, philosopher, and musicologist. He was a member of the Frankfurt School of social theory along with Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, Jürgen Habermas, and others. He was also the Music Director of the Radio Project from 1937 to 1941, in the U.S.
http://wn.com/Theodor_W_Adorno -
Wilhelm Reich
Wilhelm Reich (March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry. He was the author of several notable textbooks, including The Mass Psychology of Fascism and Character Analysis, both published in 1933.
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_Reich
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Chile
Chile (, in English often pronounced //,), officially the Republic of Chile ( ), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. With Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America which do not border Brazil. The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres (4000 mi). Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
http://wn.com/Chile -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Peralillo
Peralillo is a Chilean town and commune in Colchagua Province, O'Higgins Region.
http://wn.com/Peralillo -
the Hague
http://wn.com/the_Hague -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
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- Eskimo kinship
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- Ronald David Laing
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RELEASE
ALBUMS
- See Through Windows
- The Weaver's Answer
- The Breeze
- Second Generation Woman
- Observations From a Hill
- Dim
- Holding the Compass
- Procession
- How Hi the Li
- Love Is a Sleeper
- I Sing 'Um the Way I Feel
- A Song For Me
- Drowned in Wine
- Wheels
- No Mule's Fool
- The Cat and the Rat
- Good News - Bad News
- Willow Tree
- Holding the Compass
- Strange Band
- Part of the Load
- Anyway
- Normans
- Lives and Ladies
- Strange Band (alternative live version)
- Part of the load (live)
- Lives and ladies (live)
- La noche inventada
- Nadadora
- Como un aviador
- En el rascacielos
- El bello verano
- Portugal
- El buen vigía
- Viaje a los sueños polares
- Al otro lado
- Carlos baila
- Yo te perdí una tarde de abril
- Dame estrellas o limones
- El mapa
- Martín se ha ido para siempre
- Burlesque
- Bolero Babe
- Coronation
- Dark Eyes
- Broken Nose
- My Friend the Sun
- Glove
- Ready to Go
- Top of the Hill
- The Rockin' R's
- Burlesque
- My Friend The Sun
- Children
- Sweet Desiree
- It's Only A Movie
- Holding The Compass
- In My Own Time
- Ready To Go
- No Mule's Fool
- Larf And Sing
- The Cat And The Rat
- A Song For Me
- Carlos baila
- Como un aviador
- Nadadora
- Yo te perdí una tarde de abril
- El mapa
- Martín se ha ido para siempre
- Al otro lado
- Dame estrellas o limones
- Sentimental
- El buen vigía
- Drowned in Wine
- The Cat and the Rat
- A Song for Me
- Love Is a Sleeper
- Between Blue and Me
- Spanish Tide
- Children
- Sat d-y Barfly
- Larf & Sing
- Take Your Partners
- Good News Bad News
- Strange Band
- Part of the Load
- Live and Ladies
- Holding the Compass
- Willow Tree
- Between Blue and Me
- Sat'd'y Barfly
- Larf and Sing
- Spanish Tide
- Save Some for Thee
- Take Your Partners
- Children
- Crinkly Grin
- Blind
- Burning Bridges
- The Weavers Answer
- Strange Band (Studio)
- Good News - Bad News
- Willow Tree
- Holding the Compass
- Strange Band
- Part of the Load
- Anyway
- Normans
- Lives and Ladies
- Today (single release, 1970)
- Song for Lots (B-side to Today)
- Today (edited version)
- Drowned in Wine
- Some Poor Soul
- Love Is a Sleeper
- Stop for the Traffic - Through the Heart of Me
- Wheels
- Song for Sinking Lovers
- Hey - Let It Rock
- The Cat and the Rat
- 93's OK J
- A Song for Me
- No Mule's Fool
- Good Friend of Mine
- No Mules's Fool
- Good Friends of Mine
- Drowned in Wine
- Love Is a Sleeper
- Stop for the Traffic (Through the Heart of Me)
- Wheels
- Song for Sinking Lovers
- The Cat and the Rat
- A Song for Me
- Today
- Song for Lots
- Strange Band
- Good News - Bad News
- Holding the Compass
- Anyway
- Lives and Ladies
- In My Own Time
- Seasons
- It's Only a Movie
- Leroy
- Buffet Tea for Two
- Boom Bang
- Boots 'n' Roots
- Banger
- Sweet Desiree
- Suspicion
- Check Out
- Stop This Car
- Drink to You
- Scene Through the Eye of a Lens
- Gypsy Woman
- The Chase
- Mellowing Grey
- Never Like This
- Me My Friend
- Variation on a Theme of Hey Mr. Policeman
- Winter
- Old Songs for New Songs
- Variation on a Theme of the Breeze
- Hey Mr. Policeman
- See Through Windows
- Variation on a Theme of Me My Friend
- Peace of Mind
- Voyage
- The Breeze
- 3 X Time
- The Weaver's Answer
- Observations From a Hill
- Hung Up Down
- Summer 67
- How-Hi-the-Li
- Second Generation Woman
- From Past Archives
- Dim
- Processions
- Face in the Cloud
- Emotions
- No Mule's Fool
- The Weaver's Answer
- Burning Bridges
- Love Is a Sleeper
- Drowned in Wine
- In My Own Time
- Good Friend of Mine
- My Friend the Sun
- Wheels
- Between Blue and Me
- Blind
- Strange Band
- Some Poor Soul
- Burlesque
- Top of the Hill
- Boom Bang
- Hometown
- Sweet Desire
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Family Guy - Bullfrog
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Published: 08 May 2008
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: huluDotCom
Peter catches a bullfrog for Chris.
http://wn.com/Family_Guy__Bullfrog
What is Family?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Published: 08 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: TruthProject
What is Family? What does family mean to you? How do you define your family? How do you answer that question? How does our culture today answer that question? Visit www.thetruthproject.org for more information.
http://wn.com/What_is_Family?
Family - English
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Published: 11 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: ThinkFamily
Entitled "Family". Directed by the critically acclaimed and award winning film director, Yasmin Ahmad, and commissioned by the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports "MCYS". The story portrays a father's love for his daughter...Family Singapore MCYS Youth Commercial
http://wn.com/Family__English
FAMILY GUY - Bird is the Word!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Published: 06 Oct 2008
- Uploaded: 02 Dec 2011
- Author: FoxBroadcasting
All-new episodes of FAMILY GUY return this fall to FOX! Available now on DVD! bit.ly ('Like' on Facebook) bit.ly (Follow on Twitter)
http://wn.com/FAMILY_GUY__Bird_is_the_Word!
P!nk - Family Portrait
Music video by P!nk performing Family Portrait. (C) 2001, 2002 Arista Records, Inc.
http://wn.com/P!nk__Family_Portrait
templecloud - One Big Family
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 24 May 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: TempleCloudVEVO
Available on iTunes now: bit.ly
http://wn.com/templecloud__One_Big_Family
Family Feud - Devils & Angels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 02 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: FamilyFeud
Steve asks "Name something that gets passed around..?" (Show FF10-129)
http://wn.com/Family_Feud__Devils_Angels
The Cranberries - Ode To My Family
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Published: 16 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: TheCranberriesVEVO
Music video by The Cranberries performing Ode To My Family. (C) 1994 The Island Def Jam Music Group
http://wn.com/The_Cranberries__Ode_To_My_Family
Family Guy - Lois Mom Mum Mommy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Published: 29 Jul 2008
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: huluDotCom
Stewie badgers Lois for her attention, repeatedly.
http://wn.com/Family_Guy__Lois_Mom_Mum_Mommy
Mary J. Blige - Family Affair
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Published: 16 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: MaryJBligeVEVO
Music video by Mary J. Blige performing Family Affair. (C) 2001 Geffen Records
http://wn.com/Mary_J_Blige__Family_Affair
"Family" Laurie Berkner Band
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Published: 22 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: djpetriempls
Laurie and her band sing and dance about the different types of families and the different people we include in our families
http://wn.com/Family_Laurie_Berkner_Band
Sister Sledge - We are Family (1979) (1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Published: 18 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: Egdelsretsis
Sister Sledge. We are Family. 1979. Joni - Carol - Kathy - Kim. Lyrics: *We are family I got all my sisters with me We are family Get up, everybody, and sing (*repeat) Everyone can see we're together As we walk on by (FLY!) And we fly just like birds of a feather I won't tell no lie (ALL!) All of the people around us they say Can they be that close Just let me state for the record We're givin' love in a family dose (*repeat 2 times) Livin' life is fun and we've just begun To get our share of this world's delights (HIGH!) High hopes we have for the future And our goal's in sight (WE!) No we don't get depressed Here's what we call our golden rule Have faith in you and the things you do You won't go wrong, oh no This is our family jewel (*repeat with following) Sing it to me **Get up, get up(get up) And sing it to me Oh, I can't hear you now(y'all) Have faith in you and the things you do Get up, get up y'all I got my sisters with me Everybody, hey hey hey... Get up, get up and sing it to me We're havin' fun Life, life has just begun for me, me (** repeat) Me and my family Get up, get up and sing it Sing it, sing it, sing it, sing it to me Yeah, we flock together Like birds of a feather Get up, come on, Joni (*repeat to end)
http://wn.com/Sister_Sledge__We_are_Family_1979_1
Dumb Family Feud Family
"Name an animal with three letters in its name." "Alligator."
http://wn.com/Dumb_Family_Feud_Family
The Family Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Published: 06 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: robbyboyrox
Funny song from one of my kids' videos.
http://wn.com/The_Family_Song
My Whole Family...
NEW TOUR FALL 2010 tickets here: tinyurl.com my new CD, "words, words, words," is here: itunes.apple.com ...thinks i'm gay YO this is NOT homophobic...its suppose to be a joke? ha ha? subscribe if you like it music and lyrics by bo burnham Everytime i go to dinner it seems like im getting a little bit thinner I'll sit down at the breakfast table i can talk, but theyre not able When i look at them i find there's a single question on their mind. i wish it could go back to the way it was its not easy no because... My whole family thinks im gay i guess its always been that way. Maybe its cause of the way i walk, that makes them think that i like...boys The goddamn question just wont go away cause i get asked every single day but the way they ask it is no disguise, like "How was your day? Do you like to kiss guys?" This is the worst, baby this was my fear Now their opinions are crystal clear. My whole family now is shocked, I'm in the closet and the door is locked. Now my glory days are gone, I was John Elway now im Elton John. My whole family now suspects, That watching spongebob had side-effects. But im not gay and thats what i said, If i'm gay then god strike me dead. Just cause i go to an all-guys school, Doesnt mean Justin Timberlake makes me drool. When I go outside, what do i see? The clouds in the sky spell "FAG" I think that God might think im gay, What does he know anyway. My grandma gave me a present just last year, and the card said, "Happy Birthday queer!" My <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/My_Whole_Family
We Are Family | Learn English | Vocabulary Builder
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Published: 30 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: Linguaspectrum
Extras: linguaspectrum.com We are all of us part of a family of one sort or another. Family members have various names in English and some of them like husband, wife, uncle, aunt, nephew and niece, are among the few English words that have gender. This video shows how the members of an extended family are related to each other. From grandfather and grandmother though parents - father and mother - to sons, daughters, brother and sister, grandchildren and cousins, this video gives you all the words you need to describe your own family in English. There is a fabulous new-style audio-visual quiz to go with this video. Find it at the links above and below. | linguaspectrum.comLearn English online using Skype: I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/We_Are_Family_|_Learn_English_|_Vocabulary_Builder
"We are Family" by All Stars - We Are Family Foundation
Sister Sledge and VIP guest stars in 2001 for the "We are Family" Foundation of Nile Rodgers (CHIC). Written, composed and produced by Bernard Edwards & Nile Rodgers. -------------------------------------- We share a world For all the differences, we share one world. To be tolerant is to welcome the differences and delight in the sharing. WE ARE FAMILY www.wearefamilyfoundation.org --------------------------------------
http://wn.com/We_are_Family_by_All_Stars__We_Are_Family_Foundation
family member vocabulary - English vocabulary lessons
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Published: 10 May 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Nov 2011
- Author: mesenglish
family member flashcard slideshow with audio. Use the video with your students and find more options including the words used in a sentence and a question and answer version on tv.mes-english.com
http://wn.com/family_member_vocabulary__English_vocabulary_lessons
Sister Sledge singing We Are Family
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Published: 20 Dec 2007
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: MusicLuverForever
Sister Sledge Singing We Are Family. People have asked about the other girl. I tried to leave a comment but it's not working. That's Amber Dirks and she is an Artist and I am a huge fan of.Check her out at www.myspace.com/ambersings4real
http://wn.com/Sister_Sledge_singing_We_Are_Family
Basic Spanish Vocabulary Series: The Family
www.esaudio.net Basic Spanish Vocabulary Series The Family -part 1- . This is just one out of the many files on basic Spanish vocabulary that you can find at www.esaudio.net/powerpoints. For more info visit our website and sign up for our free newsletter!
http://wn.com/Basic_Spanish_Vocabulary_Series_The_Family
Kelly Family - An Angel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 13 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: czajka1982
Videoclip from Over The Hump
http://wn.com/Kelly_Family__An_Angel
Family - In My Own Time
God bless Family--quite like no one else.
http://wn.com/Family__In_My_Own_Time
Family Guy - Who Wants Chowder?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Published: 29 Jul 2008
- Uploaded: 02 Dec 2011
- Author: huluDotCom
Peter challenges the guys to a bet that leads to a puke fest culminating in a chowder puke-a-thon.
http://wn.com/Family_Guy__Who_Wants_Chowder?
photo: WN / Yolanda
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In human context, a family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children. Extended from the human "family unit" by biological-cultural affinity, marriage, economy, culture, tradition, honour, and friendship are concepts of family that are physical and metaphorical, or that grow increasingly inclusive extending to community, village, city, region, nationhood, global village and humanism. A family group consisting of a father, mother and their children is called a nuclear family. This term can be contrasted with an extended family.
Hawaiian: only distinguishes relatives based upon sex and generation.
Sudanese: no two relatives share the same term.
Eskimo: in addition to distinguishing relatives based upon sex and generation, also distinguishes between lineal relatives and collateral relatives.
Iroquois: in addition to sex and generation, also distinguishes between siblings of opposite sexes in the parental generation.
Crow: a matrilineal system with some features of an Iroquois system, but with a "skewing" feature in which generation is "frozen" for some relatives.
Omaha: like a Crow system but patrilineal.
Mother: a female parent
Father: a male parent
Son: a male child of the parent(s)
Daughter: a female child of the parent(s)
Brother: a male child of the same parent(s)
Sister: a female child of the same parent(s)
Grandfather: father of a father or mother
Grandmother: mother of a mother or father
Cousins: two people that share the same grandparent(s)
Grandparent
* Grandfather: a parent's father
* Grandmother: a parent's mother
Grandson: a child's son
Granddaughter: a child's daughter
Uncle: father's brother, mother's brother, father's sister's husband, mother's sister's husband
Aunt: father's sister, mother's sister, father's brother's wife, mother's brother's wife
Nephew: sister's son, brother's son, wife's brother's son, wife's sister's son, husband's brother's son, husband's sister's son
Niece: sister's daughter, brother's daughter, wife's brother's daughter, wife's sister's daughter, husband's brother's daughter, husband's sister's daughter
Cousin: the most classificatory term; the children of aunts or uncles. One can further distinguish cousins by degrees of collaterality and by generation. Two persons of the same generation who share a grandparent count as "first cousins" (one degree of collaterality); if they share a great-grandparent they count as "second cousins" (two degrees of collaterality) and so on. If two persons share an ancestor, one as a grandchild and the other as a great-grandchild of that individual, then the two descendants class as "first cousins once removed" (removed by one generation); if they shared ancestor figures as the grandparent of one individual and the great-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals class as "first cousins twice removed" (removed by two generations), and so on. Similarly, if they shared ancestor figures as the great-grandparent of one person and the great-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals class as "second cousins once removed". Hence one can refer to a "third cousin once removed upwards."
Adoption
* Illegitimacy
Cinderella effect
Clan
Consanguinity
* Kin selection
* Pedigree collapse
Domestic violence
Family
* American family structure
* Complex family
* Conjugal family
* Dysfunctional family
* Elderly care
* Polygamy
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Family economics
* Cost of raising a child
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* Family as a model for the state
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Family Environment Scale
Family tree
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** Cluster genealogy
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* Kinship terminology
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Hindu joint family
Interpersonal relationship and Intimate relationship
* Cohabitation
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* Incest
Mund (in law)
National Family Week
* National Family Week (UK)
Sociology of the family
Survivalism
The Family: A Proclamation to the World
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American Kinship, David M. Schneider
A Natural History of Families, Scott Forbes, Princeton University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-691-09482-9
Foucault, Michel (1978). The History of Sexuality: Volume I: An Introduction. New York Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-72469-8
More Than Kin and Less Than Kind, Douglas W. Mock, Belknap Press, 2004, ISBN 0-674-01285-2
Denis Chevallier, « Famille et parenté: une bibliographie », Terrain, Numéro 4 – Famille et parenté (mars 1985), mis en ligne le 17 juillet 2005. Consulté le 15 juin 2007, terrain.revues.org
Paul Gilroy (2000) [Identity Belonging and the Critique of Pure Sameness] in Gilroy, Paul (2000) Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Ch. I.3, pp. 97–133
Jack Goody (1983) The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Cambridge University Press); translated into Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese.
Mattox, William R., Jr., "America's family time famine", Children Today, Nov–Dec, 1990
Family Research Laboratory, unh.edu
Family evolution and contemporary social transformations, seres.fcs.ucr.ac.cr (Estación de Economía Política)
Family Facts: Social Science Research on Family, Society & Religion (a Heritage Foundation site). familyfacts.org
Families Australia – independent peak not-for-profit organisation. familiesaustralia.org.au
FAMILYPLATFORM - A consortium of 12 organisations providing input into the European Union's Socio-Economic and Humanities Research Agenda on Family Research and Family Policies.
Unitedfamilies.org, International organisation
UN.org, Families and Development
Wiktionary entries for Western kinship terminology providing multilingual translations
* Mother, father, son, daughter, brother, sister
* Grandmother grandfather grandson granddaughter
* Uncle aunt nephew niece
* Cousin
Family, marriage and "de facto" unions, Vatican.va
als:Familie (Verwandtschaft)
ar:أسرة
an:Familia
ast:Familia
ay:Wila masi
az:Ailə
bm:Somɔgɔw
bn:পরিবার
ba:Ғаилә
be:Сям'я
be-x-old:Сям’я
bo:ཁྱིམ་ཚང་།
bs:Porodica
bg:Семейство
ca:Família
cs:Rodina
cy:Teulu
da:Familie (menneske)
de:Familie
et:Perekond
el:Οικογένεια
es:Familia
eo:Familio
ext:Família
eu:Familia
fa:خویشاوندی
hif:Palwaar
fr:Famille
fur:Famee
ga:Teaghlach
gl:Familia (socioloxía)
gan:家庭
ko:가족
hi:परिवार
hr:Obitelj
io:Familio
id:Keluarga
ia:Familia
is:Fjölskylda
it:Famiglia
he:משפחה
rw:Miryango
sw:Familia
ht:Fanmi
krc:Юйдеги
lo:ຄອບຄົວ
la:Familia
lv:Ģimene
lb:Famill
lt:Šeima
ln:Libóta
jbo:lanzu
hu:Család (szociológia)
mk:Семејство
mr:कुटुंब
arz:عيله
ms:Keluarga
mn:Гэр бүл
my:မိသားစု
nl:Familie (verwanten)
nds-nl:Femilie (verwanten)
ja:家族
no:Familie
nn:Familie
nrm:Famîle
oc:Familha (parentala)
pnb:ٹبر
ps:کورنۍ
tpi:Famili
pl:Rodzina (socjologia)
pt:Família
ksh:Famelisch
ro:Familie
qu:Ayllu
rue:Фамилія
ru:Семья
sah:Ыал
sco:Faimlie
sq:Familja
scn:Famigghia
si:පවුල
simple:Family
ss:Umndeni
sk:Rodina
sl:Družina
sr:Породица
sh:Porodica
fi:Perhe
sv:Familj
tl:Mag-anak
ta:குடும்பம்
tt:Гаилә
te:కుటుంబము
th:ครอบครัว
tg:Оила
tr:Aile
uk:Сім'я
ur:خاندان
vi:Gia đình
fiu-vro:Pereq
war:Pamilya
yi:פאמיליע
bat-smg:Šeimīna
zh:家族
There are also concepts of family that break with tradition within particular societies, or those that are transplanted via migration to flourish or else cease within their new societies. As a unit of socialization and a basic institution key to the structure of society, the family is the object of analysis for sociologists of the family. Genealogy is a field which aims to trace family lineages through history. In science, the term "family" has come to be used as a means to classify groups of objects as being closely and exclusively related. In the study of animals it has been found that many species form groups that have similarities to human "family"—often called "packs."
Procreation
One of the primary functions of the family is to produce and reproduce persons, biologically and socially. Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. From the perspective of children, the family is a "family of orientation": the family serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. From the point of view of the parent(s), the family is a "family of procreation," the goal of which is to produce and enculturate and socialize children. However, producing children is not the only function of the family; in societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage, and the resulting relationship between two people, it is necessary for the formation of an economically productive household.A "conjugal" family includes only the husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are not of age. The most common form of this family is regularly referred to in sociology as a nuclear family. A "consanguineal" family consists of a parent and his or her children, and other people. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," cultural anthropologists have argued that one must understand the idea of "blood" metaphorically and that many societies understand family through other concepts rather than through genetic distance. A "matrilocal" family consists of a mother and her children. Generally, these children are her biological offspring, although adoption of children is a practice in nearly every society. This kind of family is common where women have the resources to rear their children by themselves, or where men are more mobile than women.
History of the family
The diverse data coming from ethnography, history, law and social statistics, establish that the human family is an institution and not a biological fact founded on the natural relationship of consanguinity.Early scholars of family history applied Darwin's biological theory of evolution in their theory of evolution of family systems. American anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan published Ancient Society in 1877 based on his theory of the three stages of human progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization. Morgan's book was the "inspiration for Friedrich Engels' book" The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State published in 1884.
Engels expanded Morgan's hypothesis that economical factors caused the transformation of primitive community into a class-divided society. Engels' theory of resource control, and later that of Karl Marx, was used to explain the cause and effect of change in family structure and function. The popularity of this theory was largely unmatched until the 1980s, when other sociological theories, most notably structural functionalism, gained acceptance.
Kinship terminology
Archaeologist Lewis Henry Morgan (1818–1881) performed the first survey of kinship terminologies in use around the world. Although much of his work is now considered dated, he argued that kinship terminologies reflect different sets of distinctions. For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes (the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generations (the difference between a child and a parent). Moreover, he argued, kinship terminologies distinguish between relatives by blood and marriage (although recently some anthropologists have argued that many societies define kinship in terms other than "blood").Morgan made a distinction between kinship systems that use classificatory terminology and those that use descriptive terminology. Morgan's distinction is widely misunderstood, even by contemporary anthropologists. Classificatory systems are generally and erroneously understood to be those that "class together" with a single term relatives who actually do not have the same type of relationship to ego. (What defines "same type of relationship" under such definitions seems to be genealogical relationship. This is problematic given that any genealogical description, no matter how standardized, employs words originating in a folk understanding of kinship.) What Morgan's terminology actually differentiates are those (classificatory) kinship systems that do not distinguish lineal and collateral relationships and those (descriptive) kinship systems that do. Morgan, a lawyer, came to make this distinction in an effort to understand Seneca inheritance practices. A Seneca man's effects were inherited by his sisters' children rather than by his own children. Morgan identified six basic patterns of kinship terminologies:
Western kinship
Most Western societies employ Eskimo kinship terminology. This kinship terminology commonly occurs in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families have a degree of relative mobility. Members of the nuclear use descriptive kinship terms:Such systems generally assume that the mother's husband has also served as the biological father. In some families, a woman may have children with more than one man or a man may have children with more than one woman. The system refers to a child who shares only one parent with another child as a "half-brother" or "half-sister." For children who do not share biological or adoptive parents in common, English-speakers use the term "stepbrother" or "stepsister" to refer to their new relationship with each other when one of their biological parents marries one of the other child's biological parents. Any person (other than the biological parent of a child) who marries the parent of that child becomes the "stepparent" of the child, either the "stepmother" or "stepfather." The same terms generally apply to children adopted into a family as to children born into the family.
Typically, societies with conjugal families also favor neolocal residence; thus upon marriage a person separates from the nuclear family of their childhood (family of orientation) and forms a new nuclear family (family of procreation). However, in the western society the single parent family has been growing more accepted and has begun to truly make an impact on culture. The majority of single parent families are more commonly single mother families than single father. These families face many difficult issues besides the fact that they have to rear their children on their own, but also have to deal with issues related to low income. Many single parents struggle with low incomes and must cope with other issues, including rent, child care, and other necessities required in maintaining a healthy and safe home. Members of the nuclear families of members of one's own (former) nuclear family may class as lineal or as collateral. Kin who regard them as lineal refer to them in terms that build on the terms used within the nuclear family:
For collateral relatives, more classificatory terms come into play, terms that do not build on the terms used within the nuclear family:
When additional generations intervene (in other words, when one's collateral relatives belong to the same generation as one's grandparents or grandchildren), the prefixes "great-" or "grand-" modifies these terms. Also, as with grandparents and grandchildren, as more generations intervene the prefix becomes "great-grand-," adding an additional "great-" for each additional generation. Most collateral relatives have never had membership of the nuclear family of the members of one's own nuclear family.
Cousins of an older generation (in other words, one's parents' first cousins), although technically first cousins once removed, are often classified with "aunts" and "uncles." Similarly, a person may refer to close friends of one's parents as "aunt" or "uncle," or may refer to close friends as "brother" or "sister," using the practice of fictive kinship. English-speakers mark relationships by marriage (except for wife/husband) with the tag "-in-law." The mother and father of one's spouse become one's mother-in-law and father-in-law; the female spouse of one's child becomes one's daughter-in-law and the male spouse of one's child becomes one's son-in-law. The term "sister-in-law" refers to three essentially different relationships, either the wife of one's sibling, or the sister of one's spouse, or, in some uses, the wife of one's spouse's sibling. "Brother-in-law" expresses a similar ambiguity. The terms "half-brother" and "half-sister" indicate siblings who share only one biological or adoptive parent.
Economic functions
Anthropologists have often supposed that the family in a traditional society forms the primary economic unit. This economic role has gradually diminished in modern times, and in societies like the United States it has become much smaller, except in certain sectors such as agriculture and in a few upper class families. In China, the family as an economic unit still plays a strong role in the countryside. However, the relations between the economic role of the family, its socio-economic mode of production, and cultural values remain highly complex.
Political functions
On the other hand family structures or its internal relationships may affect both state and religious institutions. J.F. del Giorgio in The Oldest Europeans points out that the high status of women among the descendants of the post-glacial Paleolithic European population was coherent with the fierce love of freedom of pre-Indo-European tribes. He believes that the extraordinary respect for women in those families meant that children reared in such atmospheres tended to distrust strong, authoritarian leaders. According to del Giorgio, European democracies have their roots in those ancient ancestors.
Family in the West
Kindship and family forms have often been thought to impact the social relations in the society as a whole, and therefore been described as the first cell or the building social unit of the structure of a society.
Family types
The different types of families occur in a wide variety of settings, and their specific functions and meanings depend largely on their relationship to other social institutions. Sociologists have a special interest in the function and status of these forms in stratified (especially capitalist) societies. The term "nuclear family" is commonly used, especially in North America and Europe, to refer to conjugal families. Sociologists distinguish between conjugal families (relatively independent of the kindred of the parents and of other families in general) and nuclear families (which maintain relatively close ties with their kindred). The term "extended family" is also common, especially in North America and Europe. This term has two distinct meanings. First, it serves as a synonym of "consanguinal family" (consanguine means "of the same blood"). Second, in societies dominated by the conjugal family, it refers to "kindred" (an egocentric network of relatives that extends beyond the domestic group) who do not belong to the conjugal family. These types refer to ideal or normative structures found in particular societies. Any society will exhibit some variation in the actual composition and conception of families. Much sociological, historical and anthropological research dedicates itself to the understanding of this variation, and of changes in the family that form over time. Thus, some speak of the bourgeois family, a family structure arising out of 16th- and 17th-century European households, in which the family centers on a marriage between a man and woman, with strictly defined gender-roles. The man typically has responsibility for income and support, the woman for home and family matters.According to the work of scholars Max Weber, Alan Macfarlane, Steven Ozment, Jack Goody and Peter Laslett, the huge transformation that led to modern marriage in Western democracies was "fueled by the religio-cultural value system provided by elements of Judaism, early Christianity, Roman Catholic canon law and the Protestant Reformation".
In contemporary Europe and North America, people in academic, political and civil sectors have called attention to single-father-headed households, and families headed by same-sex couples, although academics point out that these forms exist in other societies. Also the term blended family or stepfamily describes families with mixed parents: one or both parents remarried, bringing children of the former family into the new family. Also in sociology, particularly in the works of social psychologist Michael Lamb, traditional family refers to "a middleclass family with a bread-winning father and a stay-at-home mother, married to each other and raising their biological children," and nontraditional to exceptions from this rule. Most of the US households are now non-traditional under this definition.
In terms of communication patterns in families, there are a certain set of beliefs within the family that reflect how its members should communicate and interact. These family communication patterns arise from two underlying sets of beliefs. One being conversation orientation (the degree to which the importance of communication is valued) and two, conformity orientation (the degree to which families should emphasize similarities or differences regarding attitudes, beliefs, and values).
Sociological views
Contemporary society generally views family as a haven from the world, supplying absolute fulfillment. The family is considered to encourage "intimacy, love and trust where individuals may escape the competition of dehumanizing forces in modern society." During industrialization, "[t]he family as a repository of warmth and tenderness (embodied by the mother) stands in opposition to the competitive and aggressive world of commerce (embodied by the father). The family's task was to protect against the outside world." However, Zinn and Eizen note, "The protective image of the family has waned in recent years as the ideals of family fulfillment have taken shape. Today, the family is more compensatory than protective. It supplies what is vitally needed but missing in other social arrangements.""The popular wisdom," Zinn and Eitzen say, is that the family structures of the past were superior to those today and families were more stable and happier at a time when they did not have to contend with problems such as illegitimate children and divorce. They respond to this, saying, "there is no golden age of the family gleaming at us in the far back historical past." "Desertion by spouses, illegitimate children, and other conditions that are considered characteristics of modern times existed in the past as well."
Still others argue that whether or not we view the family as "declining" depends on our definition of "family." The high rates of divorce and out-of-wedlock births indicate a decline in the institution of the family. No longer are marriages arranged for political or economic gain, and children are not expected to contribute to family income. Instead, people choose mates based on love. This increased role of love indicates a societal shift toward favoring emotional fulfillment and relationships within a family, and this shift necessarily weakens the institution of the family.
Oedipal family model and fascism
The model, common in the western societies, of the family triangle, husband-wife-children isolated from the outside, is also called the oedipal model of the family, and it is a form of patriarchal family. Many philosophers and psychiatrists analyzed such a model. One of the most prominent of such studies is Anti-Œdipus by Deleuze and Guattari (1972). Michel Foucault, in its renowned preface, remarked how the primary focus of this study is the fight against contemporary fascism.In the family, they argue, the young develop in a perverse relationship, wherein they learn to love the same person who beats and oppresses them. The family therefore constitutes the first cell of the fascist society, as they will carry this attitude of love for oppressive figures in their adult life. Fathers torment their sons. Deleuze and Guattari, in their analysis of the dynamics at work within a family, "track down all varieties of fascism, from the enormous ones that surround and crush us to the petty ones that constitute the tyrannical bitterness of our everyday lives".
As it has been explained by Deleuze, Guattari and Foucault, as well as other philosophers and psychiatrists such as Laing and Reich, the patriarchal-family conceived in the West tradition serves the purpose of perpetuating a propertarian and authoritarian society. The child grows according to the oedipal model, which is typical of the structure of capitalist societies, and he becomes in turn owner of submissive children and protector of the woman.
Some argue that the family institution conflicts with human nature and human primitive desires and that one of its core functions is performing a suppression of instincts, a repression of desire commencing with the earliest age of the child. As the young undergoes physical and psychological repression from someone for whom they develop love, they develop a loving attitude towards authority figures. They will bring such attitude in their adult life, when they will desire social repression and will form docile subjects for society. Michel Foucault, in his systematic study of sexuality, argued that rather than being merely repressed, the desires of the individual are efficiently mobilized and used, to control the individual, alter interpersonal relationships and control the masses. Foucault believed organized religion, through moral prohibitions, and economic powers, through advertising, make use of unconscious sex drives. Dominating desire, they dominate individuals. According to the analysis of Michel Foucault, in the west:
Inbreeding
A study performed by scientists from Iceland found that mating with a relative can significantly increase the number of children in a family. Many societies consider inbreeding unacceptable. Scientists warn that inbreeding may raise the chances of a child inheriting two copies of disease-causing recessive genes, leading to genetic disorders and higher infant mortality. Scientists found that couples formed of relatives had more children and grandchildren than unrelated couples. The study revealed that when a husband and wife were third cousins, they had an average of 4.0 children and 9.2 grandchildren. If a woman was in relationship with her eighth cousin, then the number of children declined, showing an average of 3.3 children and 7.3 grandchildren.
Size
Natalism is the belief that human reproduction is the basis for individual existence, and therefore promotes having large families. Many religions, e.g., Islam, Christianity and Judaism, encourage their followers to procreate and have many children. In recent times, however, there has been an increasing amount of family planning and a following decrease in the total fertility rate in many parts of the world, in part due to concerns of overpopulation. Many countries with population decline offer incentives for people to have large families as a means of national efforts to reverse declining populations.
See also
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References
Notes
Further reading
External links
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