Coordinates | 41°11′43″N87°20′52″N |
---|---|
name | Haleakalā |
other name | East Maui Volcano |
photo | Haleakalā, Peak Shadow.jpg |
photo caption | Haleakalā |
elevation ft | 10023 |
prominence | HP of Maui |
map | Hawaii |
label position | left |
listing | Ultra |
location | Maui, Hawaii, USA |
range | Hawaiian Islands |
lat d | 20 | lat_m 42 | lat_s 35 | lat_NS N |
long d | 156 | long_m 15 | long_s 12 | long_EW W |
region | US-HI |
topo | USGS Kilohana (HI) |
type | Shield volcano |
age | <1.0 Ma |
volcanic arc/belt | Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |
last eruption | ~18th Century |
easiest route | paved highway }} |
Haleakalā (; Hawaiian: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by the West Maui Mountains.
The tallest peak of Haleakalā, at , is Puu Ulaula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 km (7 mi) across, 3.2 km (2 mi) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.
According to the United States Geological Survey USGS Volcano Warning Scheme for the United States the Volcanic-Alert Level as of June 2011 was "Normal" A Normal status is used to designate typical volcanic activity in a non-eruptive phase. Haleakala has produced numerous eruptions in the last 30,000 years, including in the last 500 years. This volcanic activity has been along two rift zones, the southwest and east. These two rift zones together form an arc that extends from La Perouse Bay on the southwest, through the Haleakalā Crater and to Hāna, to the east. The east rift zone continues under the ocean beyond the east coast of Maui as Haleakalā Ridge, making the combined rift zones one of the longest in the Hawaiian Islands chain.
Until recently, East Maui Volcano was thought to have last erupted around 1790, based largely on comparisons of maps made during the voyages of La Perouse and George Vancouver. Recent advanced dating tests, however, have shown that the last eruption was more likely to have been in the 17th century. These last flows from the southwest rift zone of Haleakalā make up the large lava deposits of the Ahihi Kina`u/La Perouse Bay area of South Maui. In addition, contrary to popular belief, Haleakalā "crater" is not volcanic in origin, nor can it accurately be called a caldera (which is formed through when the summit of a volcano collapses to form a depression). Rather, scientists believe that Haleakalā's "crater" was formed when the headwalls of two large erosional valleys merged at the summit of the volcano. These valleys formed the two large gaps — Koolau on the north side and Kaupō on the south — on either side of the depression.
Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson state it this way:
:Haleakalā is far smaller than many volcanic craters (calderas); there is an excellent chance that it is not extinct, but only dormant; and strictly speaking it is not of volcanic origin, beyond the fact that it exists in a volcanic mountain.
The temperature near the summit tends to vary between about 40°F (5°C) and 60°F (16°C) and, especially given the thin air and the possibility of dehydration at that elevation, the walking trails can be more challenging than one might expect. Despite this, Haleakalā is popular with tourists and locals alike, who often venture to its summit, or to the visitor center just below the summit, to view the sunrise. There is no lodging, food, or gas available in the park.
Some of the telescopes operated by the US Department of Defense are involved in researching man-made (e.g. spacecraft, monitoring satellites, rockets, and laser technology) rather than celestial objects. The program is in collaboration with defense contractors in the Maui Research and Technology Park in Kihei. The astronomers on Haleakalā are concerned about increasing light pollution as Maui's population grows. Nevertheless, new telescopes are added, such as the Pan-STARRS in 2006.
Category:Landforms of Maui Category:Mountains of Hawaii Category:Volcanoes of Maui Nui Category:Hotspot volcanoes Category:Shield volcanoes Category:Potentially active volcanoes Category:United States National Park high points Category:Haleakalā National Park Category:Pleistocene volcanoes
af:Haleakalā an:Haleakalā bg:Халеакала ca:Haleakala de:Haleakalā fa:هالئاکالا fr:Haleakalā haw:Haleakalā hi:हलियाकला it:Haleakalā lt:Haleakala ms:Gunung Berapi Haleakala nl:Haleakala pl:Haleakalā ru:Халеакала (вулкан) sk:Haleakala sl:Haleakala th:ภูเขาไฟฮาเลอาคาลาThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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