Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	Alain Juppé
office	Minister of Foreign and European Affairs
primeminister	François Fillon
term start	27 February 2011
predecessor	Michèle Alliot-Marie
primeminister2	Édouard Balladur
term start2	29 March 1993
term end2	18 May 1995
predecessor2	Roland Dumas
successor2	Hervé de Charette
office3	Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs
primeminister3	François Fillon
term start3	14 November 2010
term end3	27 February 2011
predecessor3	Hervé Morin (Defence)
successor3	Gérard Longuet
office4	Prime Minister of France
president4	Jacques Chirac
term start4	18 May 1995
term end4	3 June 1997
predecessor4	Édouard Balladur
successor4	Lionel Jospin
office5	Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development
primeminister5	François Fillon
term start5	18 May 2007
term end5	18 June 2007
predecessor5	Nelly Olin (Environment)
successor5	Jean-Louis Borloo (Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea)
birth date	August 15, 1945
birth place	Mont-de-Marsan, France
party	Union for a Popular Movement (2002–present)
otherparty	Rally for the Republic (Before 2002)
alma mater	École Normale SupérieureParis Institute of Political ScienceNational School of Administration
profession	Civil servant
religion	Roman Catholicism }}

Alain Marie Juppé (; born 1945) is a French politician currently serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He also served as Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac and the Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs from 2010 to 2011. He had previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1995, and as Minister of the Budget and Spokesman for the Government from 1986 to 1988.

In December 2004, Juppé was convicted of mishandling public funds. His political career was subsequently suspended until he was re-elected as Mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006. He served briefly as Minister of State for Ecology and Sustainable Development in 2007, but resigned in June 2007 after failing in his bid to be re-elected in the 2007 legislative election. He remains the Mayor of Bordeaux.

Early life

Alain Juppé was born in the commune of Mont-de-Marsan in the department of Landes in south-west France.

Education

Lycée Victor-Duruy, in Mont-de-Marsan

Preparatory classes at Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris

Entered École normale supérieure (1964)

Agrégation de lettres

Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (more widely known as Sciences Po) (1968)

École nationale d'administration (1970–1972)

Political career

Governmental functions

Prime Minister : 1995–1997.

Minister of Budget and government spokesman : 1986–1988.

Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1993–1995.

Minister of ecology, Development and sustainable Planning : May–June 2007.

Minister of State, Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs : 2010–2011.

Minister of State, minister of Foreign and European Affairs : Since February 2011.

Electoral mandates

European Parliament

Member of European Parliament : 1984–1986 (Became minister in 1986) / June–October 1989 (Resignation).

National Assembly of France

Member of the National Assembly of France for Paris (18th constituency) : Elected in march 1986 (Became minister in march 1986) / 1988–1993 (Became minister in 1993). Elected in 1986, reelected in 1988, 1993.

Member of the National Assembly of France for Gironde (2nd constituency) : 1997–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004). Reelected in 2002.

Regional Council

Regional councillor of Ile-de-France : March–April 1992 (Resignation).

Municipal Council

Mayor of Bordeaux : 1995–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004) / Since 2006. Reelected in 2001, 2006.

Municipal councillor of Bordeaux : 1995–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004) / Since 2006. Reelected in 2001, 2006.

Deputy-mayor of Paris : 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.

Councillor of Paris : 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.

Urban community Council

President of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1995–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004). Reelected in 2001.

Vice-president of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : Since 2006. Reelected in 2008.

Member of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1995–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004) / Since 2006. Reelected in 2001, 2006, 2008.

Political functions

President of the Rally for the Republic : 1994–1997.

President of the Union for a Popular Movement : 2002–2004 (Involved in judicial affairs in 2004).

Alain Juppé's profession, outside of politics, is Inspector of Finances, a position from which he was on leave to hold his various elected and appointed offices. He retired from the Inspection of Finances on 1 January 2003.

As a senior civil servant, he met Jacques Chirac at the end of the 1970s and became his adviser in the city council of Paris. He was minister of budget and spokesperson of Jacques Chirac's government from 1986 to 1988. Then, he was secretary general of the Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République or RPR) political party from 1988 to 1995. In 1993, he was made Édouard Balladur's Foreign Minister.

Prime Minister

Because he supported Jacques Chirac against Edouard Balladur during the 1995 presidential campaign, he succeeded him as Prime Minister, also becoming president of the RPR. Jacques Chirac claimed Alain Juppé was "the best among us".

However, in November/December 1995, his plan for Welfare State reform caused the biggest social conflict since May 68 and, under duress, abandoned it. He became the most unpopular Prime minister of the Fifth Republic (challenged only by Édith Cresson). In spring 1997, President Chirac dissolved the National Assembly but lost the legislative election. Alain Juppé was succeeded by the Socialist Lionel Jospin. Furthermore, Juppé left the leadership of the RPR.

He campaigned for the unification of all the parties of the centre right behind Jacques Chirac. In this, he was considered the architect of the Union for the Presidential Majority which became the Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire or UMP), and was its first president from 2002 to 2004.

As a member of the National Assembly (as representative of Paris from 1986 to 1997, then representative of Gironde), he was elected Mayor of Bordeaux in 1995, succeeding former Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.

Criminal conviction

In 2004, Alain Juppé was tried for the felony of abuse of public funds, when he was head of the RPR and the RPR illegally used personnel provided by the City of Paris for running its operations. He was convicted and sentenced to an 18-month suspended jail sentence, the deprivation of civic rights for five years, and the deprivation of the right to run for political office for 10 years. He appealed the decision, whereby his disqualification from holding elected office was reduced to one year and the suspended sentence cut to 14 months. He announced he would not appeal the ruling before the Court of Cassation. (See Corruption scandals in the Paris region) As a consequence, Alain Juppé resigned his mayorship of Bordeaux and his position of head of the Bordeaux urban community.

The court commented:

It is regrettable that at the time when the legislative body became aware of the need to end criminal practices which existed for the financing of political parties, Mr Juppé did not apply to his own party the very rules that he had voted for in Parliament.

It is equally regrettable that Mr Juppé, whose intellectual qualities are unanimously recognized, did not judge appropriate to assume before Justice his entire criminal responsibility and kept on denying established facts.

However, Mr Juppé has given himself for many years to the service of the State, while he did obtain no personal enrichment from these crimes he committed for the benefit of his political party, for which he should not be a scapegoat.

Some commentators, such as Jean-Marc Ayrault, head of the National Assembly group of the Socialist Party, have argued that Juppé, in this judicial group, paid for a wider responsibility than his own.

Some law professors argued that the Versailles court could not legally exempt Juppé from a disposition of the Electoral Code article L7, which bars any person sentenced for illegal taking of interests from being on an electoral roll for a period of 5 years, also preventing that person from running for office. Another disposition of the Electoral Code specifies that any person deprived of the right to be on an electoral roll for a certain period following a judicial sentence is deprived of the right of running for the French National Assembly for double that period, which would bar Juppé for 10 years. When Alain Juppé registered again as a voter, other voters sued to have his registration cancelled; however, the Bordeaux court of small claims ruled against them. Some of the plaintiffs declared they would appeal the decision before the Court of Cassation. Another possible issue is that should Alain Juppé be elected to national office, the Constitutional Council could cancel the election on grounds that Juppé was illegally registered as a voter. President Jacques Chirac could have used his right of pardon in favor of Juppé, but this would have probably been politically disastrous. (Le Canard Enchaîné, 22 December 2004).

Juppé considered giving classes on public administration at a variety of prominent United States and Quebec universities and colleges, including the UQÀM in Montreal, some of which were initially receptive to having a former prime minister be a member of their faculty. However, following Juppé's conviction, his appointment was contested by some teachers. Juppé was finally taken in by the École nationale d'administration publique in Montreal where he served as a full-time faculty member for the academic year 2005–2006.

Further political career

Juppé was re-elected as Mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006, suggesting that voters had forgiven him for the conviction.

In May 2007, he was appointed Minister of State, Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development in the Government of François Fillon, being in fact the number two of the Government in protocolar order. This is the third time in the history of Fifth Republic (after Michel Debré and Laurent Fabius) that a former Prime Minister returned as a Minister in another government (although some Presidents of the Council of the Fourth Republic were Ministers of the Fifth Republic).

Juppé ran unsuccessfully in the 2007 legislative elections, and as a consequence announced his resignation from the government. Prime Minister Fillon had announced that all ministers that chose to run in these elections and were beaten would have to leave the government, for it meant that these ministers did not enjoy the confidence of the people.

On 9 March 2008, Juppé was reelected as Mayor of Bordeaux, winning 56% of the popular vote in the first round.

In August 2008, he was named in a Rwandan government report on the alleged French connection in the Rwanda genocide.

In March 2009, he criticized Pope Benedict XVI over his comments that condoms will only worsen the AIDS crisis, saying that as a Christian, he felt that such declarations were totally unacceptable.

Juppé's first cabinet, 18 May – 7 November 1995

Alain Juppé – Prime Minister

Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs

Charles Millon – Minister of Defense

Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior

Alain Madelin – Minister of Economy and Finance

Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice

Yves Galland – Minister of Industry

François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education, and Research

Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour, Social Dialogue, and Participation

Pierre Pasquini – Minister of Veterans and War Victims

Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture

Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fish, and Food

Corinne Lepage – Minister of Environment

Jean-Jacques de Peretti – Minister of Overseas

Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Regional Planning, and Equipment

Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament

Elisabeth Hubert – Minister of Public Health and Sickness Insurance

Pierre-André Périssol – Minister of Housing

Françoise de Panafieu – Minister of Tourism

François Fillon – Minister of Information Technologies and Post

Jean Puech – Minister of Civil Service

Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce, and Craft Industry

Claude Goasguen – Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralization, and Citizenship

Colette Codaccioni – Minister of Solidarity between Generations

Eric Raoult – Minister of Integration and Fight against Exclusion

Jean Arthuis – Minister of Planning

Changes

25 August 1995 – Jean Arthuis succeeds Madelin as Minister of Economy and Finance, remaining also Minister of Planning.

Juppé's second cabinet, 7 November 1995 – 4 June 1997

Alain Juppé – Prime Minister

Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs

Charles Millon – Minister of Defense

Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior

Jean Arthuis – Minister of Economy and Finance

Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice

Franck Borotra – Minister of Industry, Posts, and Telecommunications

François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education, and Research

Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour and Social Affairs

Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture

Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fish, and Food

Guy Drut – Minister of Youth and Sport

Corinne Lepage – Minister of Environment

Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Housing, Tourism, and Equipment

Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament

Dominique Perben – Minister of Civil Service, Reform of the State, and Decentralization

Jean-Claude Gaudin – Minister of City and Regional Planning

Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce, and Craft Industry

References

Videos

L'entrée de la Turquie dans l'Union européenne : la perception de l'opinion publique européenne Video conference of Alain Juppé about the Turkish question, given in Montreal in March 2006, Center of international research University of Montreal

La France, trois mois avant les présidentielles Conference given in Montreal in January 2007, Centro de estudios internacionales de la Universidad de Montreal

External links

Alain Juppé's weblog

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Category:1945 births Category:Alumni of Sciences Po Category:Alumni of the École Nationale d'Administration Category:Alumni of the École Normale Supérieure Category:French Foreign Ministers Category:French Ministers of Budget Category:French Ministers of Defence Category:French Roman Catholics Category:Government spokesmen of France Category:Grand Croix of the Ordre national du Mérite Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Living people Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni Category:Mayors of Bordeaux Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec Category:People from Mont-de-Marsan Category:Prime Ministers of France Category:Union for a Popular Movement politicians Category:People of the 2011 Libyan civil war

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