• 
  Ahab
  Ahab or '''Ach'av or Achab''' in Douay-Rheims (; ; ) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri according to the Hebrew Bible.
  http://wn.com/Ahab
• 
  Alexander the Great
  Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (, Mégas Aléxandros), was a Greek king of Macedon. He is the most celebrated member of the Argead Dynasty and the creator of one of the largest empires in ancient history. 
  http://wn.com/Alexander_the_Great
• 
  Antigonus II Gonatas
  :"Antigonus II" redirects here. For the Judean prince, see Antigonus II Mattathias.
  http://wn.com/Antigonus_II_Gonatas
• 
  Artaxerxes III
  Artaxerxes III of Persia (Ca. 425 BC – 338 BC) (Old Persian:
  http://wn.com/Artaxerxes_III
• 
  Asian people
  Asian people or Asiatic people is a demonym for people from Asia. However, the use of the term varies by country and person, often referring to people from a particular region or subregion of Asia. Though usage may be based on residence, it is usually considered an ethnicity or race.
  http://wn.com/Asian_people
• 
  Augustine of Hippo
  : For other uses, see Augustine, Augustinus and Saint Augustine.
  http://wn.com/Augustine_of_Hippo
• Chaldea
  Chaldea or Chaldaea (Arabic ‎, Kaldān), "the Chaldeans" of the KJV Old Testament, was a marshy land located in Southern Iraq and Kuwait which came to rule Babylon. Tribes of settlers who arrived in the region in 625-539 BC became known as the Chaldeans.
  http://wn.com/Chaldea
• Cyrus the Great
  Cyrus the Great (Old Persian:
  http://wn.com/Cyrus_the_Great
• Diodorus Siculus
  Diodorus Siculus (Greek: ), was a Greek historian who lived in the 1st century BC. According to Diodorus' own work, he was born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira). With one exception, antiquity affords no further information about Diodorus' life and doings beyond what is to be found in his own work, Bibliotheca historica. Only Jerome, in his Chronicon under the year of Abraham 1968 (49 BC), writes, "Diodorus of Sicily, a writer of Greek history, became illustrious". His English translator, Charles Henry Oldfather, remarks on the "striking coincidence" that one of only two known Greek inscriptions from Agyrium (I.G. XIV, 588) is the tombstone of one "Diodorus, the son of Apollonius".
  http://wn.com/Diodorus_Siculus
• 
  Elijah
  Elijah () or Elias , ; Arabic:إلياس, Ilyās), whose name (El-i Yahu) means "Yahweh is God," according to the Books of Kings was a prophet in the Kingdom of Israel during the reign of Ahab (9th century BCE).
  http://wn.com/Elijah
• Etruscans
  http://wn.com/Etruscans
• 
  Eusebius of Caesarea
  Eusebius of Caesarea, c. 263–339 AD, called Eusebius Pamphili, became the Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine about the year 314. Eusebius, historian, exegete and polemicist is one of the more renowned Church Fathers. He (with Pamphilus) was a scholar of the Biblical canon. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. As "Father of Church History" he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs.
  http://wn.com/Eusebius_of_Caesarea
• Fernand Braudel
  Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902 – November 27, 1985) was a French historian and a leader of the Annales School. His scholarship focused on three main projects, each representing several decades of intense study: The Mediterranean (1923–49, then 1949–66), Civilization and Capitalism (1955–79), and the unfinished Identity of France (1970–85). His reputation stems in part from his writings, but even more from his success in making the Annales School the most important engine of historical research in France and much of the world after 1950. As the dominant leader of the Annales School of historiography in the 1950s and 1960s, he exerted enormous influence on historical writing in France and other countries.
  http://wn.com/Fernand_Braudel
• 
  George Rawlinson
  Canon George Rawlinson (23 November 1812 – 7 October 1902) was a 19th century English scholar and historian. He was born at Chadlington, Oxfordshire, and was the younger brother of Sir Henry Rawlinson.
  http://wn.com/George_Rawlinson
• 
  Hecataeus of Miletus
  Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550–c. 476 BC), named after the Greek goddess Hecate, was an early Greek historian of a wealthy family. He flourished during the time of the Persian invasion. After having travelled extensively, he settled in his native city, where he occupied a high position, and devoted his time to the composition of geographical and historical works. When Aristagoras held a council of the leading Ionians at Miletus to organize a revolt against the Persian rule, Hecataeus in vain tried to dissuade his countrymen from the undertaking. In 494 BC, when the defeated Ionians were obliged to sue for terms, he was one of the ambassadors to the Persian satrap Artaphernes, whom he persuaded to restore the constitution of the Ionic cities. Hecataeus is the first known Greek historian, and was one of the first classical writers to mention the Celtic people.
  http://wn.com/Hecataeus_of_Miletus
• 
  Herodotus
  Herodotus (Greek: Hēródotos) was an ancient Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( – ). He was born in Caria, Halicarnassus (modern day Bodrum, Turkey). He is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture. He was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative. He is exclusively known for writing The Histories, a record of his "inquiry" (or historía, a word that passed into Latin and took on its modern meaning of history) into the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC—especially since he includes a narrative account of that period, which would otherwise be poorly documented; and many long digressions concerning the various places and people he encountered during wide-ranging travels around the lands of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him.
  http://wn.com/Herodotus
• Hiram I
  http://wn.com/Hiram_I
• 
  Hittites
  The "Hittites" were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite ) in north-central Anatolia (on the Central Anatolian plateau) ca. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height ca. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (a territory known as Amqu), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After ca. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until as late as the 8th century BC.
  http://wn.com/Hittites
• Ithobaal I
  Ithobaal I (or Ethbaal; Biblical Ethbaal, 1 Kings 16:31) was a king of Tyre who founded a new dynasty. During his reign, Tyre expanded its power on the mainland, making all of Phoenicia its territory as far north as Beirut, including Sidon, and even a part of the island of Cyprus. At the same time, Tyre also built new overseas colonies: Botrys (now Batrun) near Byblos, and Auza in Libya.
  http://wn.com/Ithobaal_I
• Jean-Pierre Thiollet
  Jean-Pierre Thiollet (born December 9, 1956 in Poitiers) is a French writer and journalist. He usually lives in Paris and is the author of numerous books.
  http://wn.com/Jean-Pierre_Thiollet
• Jezebel (biblical)
  http://wn.com/Jezebel_(biblical)
• Laomedon of Mytilene
  Laomedon (in Greek Λαoμέδων; lived 4th century BC), native of Mytilene and son of Larichus, was one of Alexander the Great's generals, and appears to have enjoyed a high place in his confidence even before the death of Philip II, as he was one of those banished by that monarch (together with his brother Erigyius, Ptolemy, Nearchus, and others) for taking part in the intrigues of the young prince. After the death of Philip in 336 BC, Laomedon, in common with the others who had suffered on this occasion, was held by Alexander in the highest honour: he accompanied him to Asia, where, on account of his acquaintance with the Persian language, he was appointed to the charge of the captives. Though his name is not afterwards mentioned during the wars of Alexander, the high consideration he enjoyed is sufficiently attested by his obtaining in the division of the provinces, after the king's death in 323 BC, the important government of Syria. This he was still allowed to retain on the second partition at Triparadisus in 321 BC, but it was not long before the provinces of Phoenicia and Coele-Syria excited the cupidity of his powerful neighbour Ptolemy. The Egyptian king at first offered Laomedon a large sum of money in exchange for his government; but the latter having rejected his overtures, he sent Nicanor with an army to invade Syria. Laomedon was unable to offer any effectual resistance: he was made prisoner by Nicanor, and sent into Egypt, from whence, however, he managed to effect his escape, and join Alcetas in Pisidia. It is probable that he took part in the subsequent contest of Alcetas, Attalus, and the other surviving partisans of Perdiccas against Antigonus, and shared in the final overthrow of that party (320 BC), but his individual fate is not mentioned.
  http://wn.com/Laomedon_of_Mytilene
• 
  Lucullus
  :For his grandfather and namesake, see Lucius Licinius Lucullus.
  http://wn.com/Lucullus
• 
  Necho II
  Necho II (sometimes Nekau) was a king of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt (610 BCE - 595 BCE).
  http://wn.com/Necho_II
• 
  Pompey
  Pompey (Latin nominative Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus), also known as or Pompey the Great (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS) (September 29, 106 BC – September 29, 48 BC), was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and established himself in the ranks of Roman nobility by successful leadership in several campaigns. Sulla addressed him by the cognomen Magnus (the Great) and he was awarded three triumphs.
  http://wn.com/Pompey
• Ptolemy I
  http://wn.com/Ptolemy_I
• Pygmalion of Tyre
  Pygmalion (also known as '''Pu'mayyaton''') was king of Tyre from 831 to 785 BC and a son of King Mattan I (840-832 BC).
  http://wn.com/Pygmalion_of_Tyre
• 
  Pythagoras
  Pythagoras of Samos (, O Pythagoras o Samios, "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply ; c. 570-c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of our information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, thus very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and may have travelled widely in his youth, visiting Egypt and other places seeking knowledge. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, and there set up a religious sect. His followers pursued the religious rites and practices developed by Pythagoras, and studied his philosophical theories. The society took an active role in the politics of Croton, but this eventually led to their downfall. The Pythagorean meeting-places were burned, and Pythagoras was forced to flee the city. He is said to have ended his days in Metapontum.
  http://wn.com/Pythagoras
• 
  Sargon II
  Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kên "legitimate king", reigned 722 – 705 BC) was an Assyrian king. Sargon II became co-regent with Shalmaneser V in 722 BC, and became the sole ruler of the kingdom of Assyria in 722 BC after the death of Shalmaneser V. It is not clear whether he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III or a usurper unrelated to the royal family. In his inscriptions, he styles himself as a new man, rarely referring to his predecessors; however he took the name Sharru-kinu ("true king"), after Sargon of Akkad — who had founded the first Semitic Empire in the region some 16 centuries earlier. Sargon is the Biblical form of the name.
  http://wn.com/Sargon_II
• 
  Sea Peoples
  The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory during the late 19th dynasty and especially during Year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty. The Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah explicitly refers to them by the term "the foreign-countries (or 'peoples'As noted by Gardiner V.1 p.196, other texts have N25:X1*Z4 "foreign-peoples"; both terms can refer to the concept of "foreigners" as well. Zangger in the external link below expresses a commonly held view that "sea peoples" does not translate this and other expressions but is an academic innovation. The Woudhuizen dissertation and the Morris paper identify Gaston Maspero as the first to use the term "peuples de la mer" in 1881.) of the sea" (Egyptian ) in his Great Karnak Inscription. Although some scholars believe that they invaded Cyprus, Hatti and the Levant, this hypothesis is disputed.
  http://wn.com/Sea_Peoples
• 
  Seleucus I Nicator
  Seleucus I (given the surname by later generations of Nicator, Greek : Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ (), i.e. Seleucus the Victor) (ca. 358 BC–281 BC) was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire. His kingdom would be one of the last holdouts of Alexander's former empire to Roman rule. They were only outlived by the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt by roughly 34 years.
  http://wn.com/Seleucus_I_Nicator
• 
  Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III (Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of Assyria (859 BC-824 BC), and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II[http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Assyria/Inscra01.html].
  http://wn.com/Shalmaneser_III
• 
  Spencer Wells
  Spencer Wells (born April 6, 1969 in Georgia, United States) is a geneticist and anthropologist, an [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers-program/eir/ Explorer-in-Residence] at the National Geographic Society, and Frank H.T. Rhodes Class of '56 Professor at Cornell University. He leads The Genographic Project.
  http://wn.com/Spencer_Wells
• 
  Strabo
  Strabo (; 63/64 BC – ca. AD 24) was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.
  http://wn.com/Strabo
• Thales of Miletus
  http://wn.com/Thales_of_Miletus

• Abdera, Spain
  Abdera (, , Strabo; , Ptol.; , Ephor. ap. Steph. B.) was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli.
  http://wn.com/Abdera_Spain
• 
  Acre, Israel
  Acre (, Akko; , ʻAkkā) also Akko, is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel and is situated on a low promontory at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Acre had a population of 46,000 at the end of 2007. Historically Acre has been regarded as the key to the Levant due to its strategic coastal location. The city is predominantly Jewish, with a smaller Arab population.
  http://wn.com/Acre_Israel
• Adra, Spain
  Adra is a municipality of Almería province, in Spain. It was founded by the Phoenicians as a trading colony under the name of Abdera.
  http://wn.com/Adra_Spain
• 
  Algeria
  Algeria (Arabic: , al-Jazā’ir, Berber: Dzayer, French: Algérie), officially the '''People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria'''), is a country in North Africa. In terms of land area, it is the largest country on the Mediterranean Sea, the second largest on the African continent after Sudan, and the eleventh-largest country in the world.
  http://wn.com/Algeria
• 
  Algiers
  Algiers ( al-Jazā’ir, Algerian Arabic and Berber: Dzayer دزاير ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria and the Maghreb. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. A recent UN estimate of the urban agglomeration (metropolitan area) puts the population at 3,354,000 as of 2007.
  http://wn.com/Algiers
• 
  Alicante
  Alicante (Spanish ) or Alacant (Valencian ) is a city in Spain, the capital of the Province of Alicante and of the comarca of the Alacantí, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,757, estimated , ranking as the second-largest Valencian city. Including nearby municipalities, Alicante conurbation was populated by 458,843 residents. Population of the metropolitan area (including Elche and satellite towns) was 795,034 estimates, ranking as the eighth-largest metropolitan area of Spain.
  http://wn.com/Alicante
• 
  Almuñécar
  Almuñécar is a municipality in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia on the Costa Tropical between Nerja (Málaga) and Motril (Granada). It has a subtropical climate. Almuñécar lies in the Province of Granada, and has around 26,000 citizens (2006).
  http://wn.com/Almuñécar
• 
  Amioun
  Amioun in and other scripts of the name, are most probably transliterated from the original Amyūn. It is the capital town of the predominantly Greek Orthodox area Koura District (i.e. χωριά, villages in Greek) in the North of Lebanon.
  http://wn.com/Amioun
• 
  Annaba
  Annaba (, ', formerly Bône, historically Hippo''') is a city in the northeastern corner of Algeria near the river Seybouse and the Tunisian border. It is located in Annaba Province. With a population of 258,058 (2002 estimate), it is the fourth largest city in Algeria. It is a leading industrial centre in eastern Algeria.
  http://wn.com/Annaba
• 
  Armenia
  Armenia (, transliterated : Hayastan, ), officially the Republic of Armenia (, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, ), is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
  http://wn.com/Armenia
• 
  Ashkelon
  Ashkelon or Ashqelon Arabic عسقلان ˁAsqalān ( ;
  http://wn.com/Ashkelon
• 
  Batroun
  The coastal city of Batroun (Greek: Βοτρύς, Arabic: البترون) located in northern Lebanon is one of the oldest cities of the world. Batroun is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.
  http://wn.com/Batroun
• 
  Beirut
  Beirut (, Bayrūt) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon with a population ranging from some 1 million to over 2 million as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline with the Mediterranean sea, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan Area, which consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters, dating to the 15th century BC, and the city has been continuously inhabited since.
  http://wn.com/Beirut
• 
  Bekalta
  Bekalta, Arabic: البقالطة (al-Bikalita), is a Tunisian coastal town , around 30 km. south of Monastir and around 14 km. northeast of Mahdia. The main activities of the local population are agriculture and fishing.
  http://wn.com/Bekalta
• 
  Bizerte
  Bizerte or Bizerta (; transliterated: Banzart; Italian: Biserta) is a capital city of Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia. It has a population of 114,371 (2004 census).
  http://wn.com/Bizerte
• 
  Bosa
  Bosa is a town and comune in the province of Oristano (until May 2005 it was in the province of Nuoro), part of the Sardinia region of Italy. Bosa is situated about two-thirds of the way up the west coast of Sardinia, on a small hill, about 3 kilometers inland on the north bank of the Temo River. The town has maintained a population of around 8,000 people for a significant amount of time, but has an urban character that has differentiated it from other locations in Sardinia. Agriculture and fishing play an important part in the city economy, thanks to the river valley near the coast surrounded by hills and highland plateaus.
  http://wn.com/Bosa
• 
  Cagliari
  Cagliari (, ) is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 160,000 inhabitants, or about 400,000 including the outlying townships (metropolitan area): Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu Sant'Elena.
  http://wn.com/Cagliari
• 
  Cartagena, Spain
  Cartagena is a Mediterranean city and naval station located in the Region of Murcia, southeastern Spain. , it has a population of 211,996, making it the second largest city in the Region, the 6th among the non-province capitals of Spain, and the 24th overall.
  http://wn.com/Cartagena_Spain
• 
  Carthage
  Carthage ( or Karthago, , , Berber: ⴽⴰⵔⵜⴰⵊⴻⵏ Kartajen, kartago, from the Phoenician קַרְתְּ חַדַשְתְּ meaning New City, implying it was a 'new Tyre') refers to a series of cities on the Gulf of Tunis, from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BCE to the current suburb outside Tunis, Tunisia.
  http://wn.com/Carthage
• Cerne
  http://wn.com/Cerne
• 
  Cirta
  Cirta was the capital city of the Kingdom of Numidia in northern Africa in modern Algeria due to its strategic maritime positioning with its port city of Russicada. Although Numidia was a key ally of the ancient Roman Republic during the Punic Wars, Cirta was subject to Roman invasions during the first and second centuries B.C., eventually falling under Roman domain during the rule of Julius Caesar.
  http://wn.com/Cirta
• Constantine, Algeria
  Constantine (, ) is the capital of Constantine Province in north-eastern Algeria. Slightly inland, it is about 80 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast. Regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the centre of its region, Constantine has a population of over 750,000 (1,000,000 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are museums and important historical sites around the city.
  http://wn.com/Constantine_Algeria
• 
  Crete
  Crete (, Kriti or occasionally Krētē) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at . Crete is one of the 13 peripheries of Greece and covers the same area as the Greek region of Crete from before the 1987 administrative reform. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece; while it retains its own local cultural traits (such as its own music and dialect), Cretans identify themselves as Greeks. Heraklion is the largest city and capital of Crete.
  http://wn.com/Crete
• 
  Cyprus
  Cyprus (; , Kýpros, ; ), – officially the Republic of Cyprus (, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía, ; ) – is a Eurasian island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most popular tourist destinations. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
  http://wn.com/Cyprus
• Cádiz
  http://wn.com/Cádiz
• 
  Egypt
  Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
  http://wn.com/Egypt
• 
  Erice
  :For the Spanish film director, see Victor Erice.
  http://wn.com/Erice
• 
  Essaouira
  Mogador redirects here, for the hamlet in Surrey see Mogador, Surrey.
  http://wn.com/Essaouira
• Etruscans
  http://wn.com/Etruscans
• Eubœa
  http://wn.com/Eubœa
• 
  Finike
  Finike (historically known as Phoenicus) is a district on the Mediterranean coast of Antalya Province of Turkey, 90 minutes west of the city of Antalya.
  http://wn.com/Finike
• 
  Genoa
  Genoa ( , ; in Genoese and Ligurian: Zena, ; in Latin and, archaically, in English: Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000. Genoa's Metropolitan Area has a population of about 1,400,000. It is also called la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, made it 2004's EU Capital of culture.
  http://wn.com/Genoa
• 
  Gibraltar
  Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
  http://wn.com/Gibraltar
• 
  Gozo
  Gozo () is a small island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Southern European country of Malta; after the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago. Compared to its southeastern neighbour, Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.
  http://wn.com/Gozo
• 
  Guelma
  Guelma () is the capital of Guelma Province and Guelma District, located in north-eastern Algeria, at about 40 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast. It is home to the titular see of Calama.
  http://wn.com/Guelma
• 
  Gulf of Guinea
  The Gulf of Guinea is the part of the Atlantic Ocean west of Africa. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the gulf.
  http://wn.com/Gulf_of_Guinea
• 
  Hadrumetum
  Hadrume(n)tum (sometimes called Adrametum or Adrametus) was a Phoenician colony that pre-dated Carthage and stood on the site of modern-day Sousse, Tunisia.
  http://wn.com/Hadrumetum
• Hippo Regius
  Hippo Regius is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, in Algeria. Under this name, it was a major city in Roman Africa, hosting several early Christian councils, and was the home of the philosopher and theologian Augustine of Hippo. In even earlier days, the city was a royal residence for Numidian kings.
  http://wn.com/Hippo_Regius
• 
  Huelva
  Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2008 census, the city has a population of 148,950 inhabitants. The city has been inhabited since 3000 BC. The town is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
  http://wn.com/Huelva
• 
  Iberian Peninsula
  The Iberian Peninsula is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day states Portugal, Spain, Andorra, the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and a very small area of France. It is the westernmost of the three major southern European peninsulas—the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. It is bordered on the southeast and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north, west and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees form the northeast edge of the peninsula, separating it from the rest of Europe. In the south, it approaches the northern coast of Africa. It is the second-largest peninsula in Europe, with an area of approximately .
  http://wn.com/Iberian_Peninsula
• Icosium
  Icosium was the Roman city whose site is currently occupied by the casbah area of the modern city of Algiers. According to Greek legend, Icosium was founded by 20 companions of Hercules, the Greek name, Ικοσιον, being claimed to derive from εικοσι, the Greek word for twenty.
  http://wn.com/Icosium
• 
  Jieh
  Jieh (or Jiye, Jiyye, Jiyeh, Jiyyeh, الجية) is a seaside town in Lebanon with an estimated population of 5000, 23 km south of Beirut, in the Chouf district via a 20 minute drive along the Beirut to Sidon highway south of the capital. In Phoenician times it was known as Porphyreon and was a thriving natural seaport, which still functions today. The town is also known for its seven kilometre sandy beach, a rarity along Lebanon's mainly rocky coastline.
  http://wn.com/Jieh
• 
  Jijel
  Jijel (formerly known as Djidjelli, ) is the capital of Jijel Province in northeastern Algeria. It is flanked by the Mediterranean Sea in the region of Corniche Jijelienne, and has an estimated population of 148,000 inhabitants (2007).
  http://wn.com/Jijel
• 
  Larache
  Larache (also El Araich; العرائش in Arabic) is an important harbour town in the region Tanger-Tétouan in northern Morocco. It was founded in the 7th century when a group of Muslim soldiers from Arabia extended their camp at Lixus onto the south bank of the Loukkos River.
  http://wn.com/Larache
• 
  Larnaca
  Larnaca, (, Lárnaka; or İskele) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus. It has a population of 72,000 (2010) and is the island's second largest commercial port and an important tourist resort. The island's largest airport, Larnaca International Airport is located on the outskirts of the city.
  http://wn.com/Larnaca
• Leptis Magna
  http://wn.com/Leptis_Magna
• 
  Libya
  Libya ( ; Libyan vernacular: Lībya ; Amazigh: ), officially the '''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (  , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya'''), is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
  http://wn.com/Libya
• 
  Lixus (ancient city)
  Lixus is the site of an ancient city located in Morocco just north of the modern seaport of Larache on the bank of the Loukkos River. The location was one of the main cities of the Roman province Mauretania Tingitana.
  http://wn.com/Lixus_(ancient_city)
• 
  Malta
  Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
  http://wn.com/Malta
• 
  Marsala
  Marsala is a seaport city located in the Province of Trapani on the island of Sicily in Italy. The low coast on which it is situated is the westernmost point of the island. It is best known as the source of Marsala wine.
  http://wn.com/Marsala
• 
  Mauritania
  Mauritania ( Mūrītāniyā; ; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in North Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the Roman province of Mauretania, even though the modern state covers a territory far to the southwest of the old province. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.
  http://wn.com/Mauritania
• 
  Mdina
  Mdina, Città Vecchia, or Città Notabile, (, or ) is the old capital of Malta. Mdina is a medieval walled town situated on a hill in the centre of the island. Punic remains uncovered beyond the city’s walls suggest the importance of the general region to Malta’s Phoenician settlers. Mdina is commonly called the "Silent City" by natives and visitors. The town is still confined within its walls, and has a population of less than three hundred, but it is contiguous with the village of Rabat, which takes its name from the Arabic word for suburb, and has a population of over 11,000.
  http://wn.com/Mdina
• 
  Melilla
  Melilla (, ) is an autonomous Spanish city located on the Mediterranean, on the north coast of North Africa. It was regarded as a part of Málaga province prior to 14 March 1995, when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed.
  http://wn.com/Melilla
• Mogador
  http://wn.com/Mogador
• 
  Morocco
  Morocco (, al-Maġrib; Berber: Amerruk / Murakuc; French: Maroc), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية, al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya), is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of nearly 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed Western Sahara which is mainly under Moroccan administration. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Mauritania to the south.
  http://wn.com/Morocco
• 
  Motya
  Motya (Greek: ; Italian: Mozia ot Mothia; Sicilian: Mozzia), was an ancient and powerful city on an island off the west coast of Sicily, between Drepanum (modern Trapani) and Lilybaeum (modern Marsala). The eponymous (in ancient times) island renamed San Pantaleo in the 11th century by Basilian monks is situated in a lagoon on the most western part of Sicily (nearly 850 meters long and 750 meters wide) about one km (six stadia) from the mainland of Sicily, to which it was joined by an artificial causeway (paved road), by which chariots with large wheels could reach the town.
  http://wn.com/Motya
• Mtarfa
  http://wn.com/Mtarfa
• National Geographic
  http://wn.com/National_Geographic
• 
  Nineveh
  Nineveh (Akkadian: Ninwe; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܸܢܘܵܐ; , Nīnewē; , Nineuē; ; Arabic: نينوى, Naīnuwa) was an ancient city on the eastern bank of the Tigris River in ancient Assyria. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, in the Ninawa Governorate of Iraq.
  http://wn.com/Nineveh
• Nora, Italy
  Nora is an ancient Roman and pre-Roman town placed on a peninsula near Pula, near to Cagliari in Sardinia. According with the legend , Nora was founded by a group of Iberians led by Norax , a mythological hero son of Eriteide and the god Hermes. It is believed to be the first town founded in Sardinia and to have been settled by the ancient Sherden or the Nuraghi people, however after colonization by Phoenicians and a period of domination by Carthage the town came under Roman control after the conquest of Sardinia in 238 BC. It went into decline from the 4th century AD and appears to have been abandoned during the 8th century.
  http://wn.com/Nora_Italy
• 
  Olbia
  Olbia ( or locally ; Sardinian name: Terranoa, Gallurese: Tarranoa), is a town and comune of approximately 54,000 (2009) inhabitants in northeastern Sardinia (Italy), in the Gallura sub-region. Called Olbia in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle Ages (Giudicati period) and Terranova Pausania before the 1940s, Olbia was again the official name of the town after the period of Fascism.
  http://wn.com/Olbia
• 
  Palermo
  Palermo (, Sicilian: Palermu, , from , Panormos, , Balharm) is a historic city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
  http://wn.com/Palermo
• Persia
  http://wn.com/Persia
• 
  Pillars of Hercules
  The Pillars of Hercules (, , ) was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The northern Pillar is the Rock of Gibraltar in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. A corresponding North African peak not being predominant, the identity of the southern Pillar has been disputed through history, with the two most likely candidates being Monte Hacho in Ceuta and Jebel Musa in Morocco.
  http://wn.com/Pillars_of_Hercules
• 
  Polis, Cyprus
  Polis (or Polis Chrysochous, in Greek: Πόλις Χρυσοχούς) is a small town at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve. It is a quiet tourist resort, the inhabitants' income being supplemented by agriculture and fishing.
  http://wn.com/Polis_Cyprus
• 
  Sabratha
  Sabratha, Sabratah or Siburata (), in the Az Zawiyah District in the northwestern corner of modern Libya, was the westernmost of the "three cities" of Tripolis. From 2001 to 2007 it was the capital of the former Sabratha Wa Surman District. It lies on the Mediterranean coast about 65km (40 miles) west of Tripoli (ancient Oea). The extant archaeological site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
  http://wn.com/Sabratha
• 
  Safita
  Safita (, ) is a city in northwestern Syria, located to the southeast of Tartous and to the northwest of Krak des Chevaliers. The city has a population of 33,000. It's situated atop three hills and the valleys between them, in the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range. Safita grew prominent during the Crusades, and was inhabited by the Knights Templar of the castle Chastel Blanc, while a part of the County of Tripoli.
  http://wn.com/Safita
• 
  Sidon
  Sidon,or Saïda, (, ; Phoenician: , Ṣydwn; ; ; , Ṣīḏōn, ) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km (25 mi) north of Tyre and 40 km (25 mi) south of the capital Beirut. Its name means a fishery. It is a city of 200,000 inhabitants who are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslims (approximately 80%), along with small communities of Christian Greek Catholics and Maronites and Shiite Muslims.
  http://wn.com/Sidon
• Solunto
  http://wn.com/Solunto
• 
  Sousse
  Sousse (Arabic سوسة Sousa) is a city in Tunisia. Located 140 km south of the capital Tunis, the city has 173,047 inhabitants (2004). Sousse is in the central-east of the country, on the Gulf of Hammamet, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. The name may be of Berber origin: similar names are found in Libya and in the south of Morocco (Bilād al-Sūs). The city is the capital of Sousse Governorate with 540,000 inhabitants (2005 estimate). Its economy is based on transport equipment, processed food, olive oil, textiles and tourism. It is home to the Université de Sousse.
  http://wn.com/Sousse
• Tangier
  Tangier or Tangiers (Amazigh: Tanja, archaic Berber name: Tinji, Arabic: طنجة) is a city of northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 (2008 census). It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. It is the capital of the Tangier-Tétouan Region and of the Tangier-Assilah Prefecture within that Region..
  http://wn.com/Tangier
• 
  Tantura
  Tantura (, al-Tantura, lit. The Peak) was a Palestinian Arab fishing village located 8 kilometers northwest of Zikhron Ya'akov on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. It was built on the ruins of the ancient Phoenician city of Dor.
  http://wn.com/Tantura
• Tarut Island
  Tarut Island is an island in the Persian Gulf.
  http://wn.com/Tarut_Island
• Thapsus
  Thapsus (less commonly, Tapsus) was an ancient city in what is modern day Tunisia. Its ruins exist at Ras Dimas near Bekalta, approximately 200 km southeast of Carthage. Originally founded by Phoenicians, it served as a marketplace on the coast of the province Byzacena in Africa Propria. Thapsus was established near a salt lake on a point of land eighty stadia (14.8 km) from the island of Lampedusa.
  http://wn.com/Thapsus
• 
  Tharros
  :For the ancient city in Crete, see Tarra, Crete.
  http://wn.com/Tharros
• 
  Tipaza
  Tipaza (formerly Tefessedt, Chenoua: Bazar, ) is a town on the coast of Algeria, capital of the Tipaza province. The modern town, founded in 1857, is remarkable chiefly for its sandy beach, and Roman ruins.
  http://wn.com/Tipaza
• 
  Tripoli
  Tripoli ( ' - also طرابلس الغرب''' ' Libyan vernacular: ' ; derived from "Τρίπολη"; the Greek word for "three cities" in Greek: Τρίπολις ) is the largest city and capital of Libya.
  http://wn.com/Tripoli
• 
  Tripoli, Lebanon
  Tripoli (Standard Arabic: طرابلس Tripolis) is a city in Lebanon. Situated north of Batroun and the cape of Lithoprosopon, Tripoli is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District (in Lebanon the districts are subunits of governorates). The city is located 85 km north of the capital Beirut, and is the easternmost port of Lebanon.
  http://wn.com/Tripoli_Lebanon
• 
  Tunisia
  Tunisia (pronounced , ; Tūnis), officially the Tunisian Republic ( al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 km², with an estimated population of just over 10.3 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the north-east.
  http://wn.com/Tunisia
• 
  Turkey
  Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
  http://wn.com/Turkey
• Tyre (Lebanon)
  http://wn.com/Tyre_(Lebanon)
• 
  Tyre, Lebanon
  Tyre (Arabic: , '; Phoenician: , , '; , Tzor; Tiberian Hebrew , ; Akkadian:
  http://wn.com/Tyre_Lebanon
• 
  Utica, Tunisia
  Utica is an ancient city northwest of Carthage near the outflow of the Medjerda River into the Mediterranean Sea, traditionally considered to be the first colony founded by the Phoenicians in North Africa. Today, Utica no longer exists, and its remains are located not on the coast where it once lay, but further inland because deforestation and agriculture upriver led to massive erosion and the Medjerda River silted over its original mouth.“Utica (Utique) Tunisia". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Stillwell, Richard, Macdonald, William L. and McAllister, Marian Holland. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1976. 5 May 2007.
  http://wn.com/Utica_Tunisia
• 
  Yemen
  Yemen (Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya al-Yamaniyya) is a country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. It has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the south, and Oman to the east.
  http://wn.com/Yemen
• 
  Zeus
  In Greek mythology Zeus ( or ; Ancient Greek: Ζεύς; Modern Greek: Δίας, Dias) is the "Father of Gods and men", according to Hesiod's Theogony, who ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father ruled the family; he was the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, "Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence."(Iliad, book 1.503;533) For the Greeks, he was the King of the Gods, who oversaw the universe. As Pausanias observed, "That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men". In Hesiod's Theogony, Zeus assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns he is referred to as the chieftain of the gods. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward, with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty.
  http://wn.com/Zeus
• עַכּוֹ
  http://wn.com/עַכּוֹ
• عكّا
  http://wn.com/عكّا

• 2000 BC
• 2nd millennium BC
• `Ashtart
• Abdera, Spain
• abjad
• Acre, Israel
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• Adra, Spain
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• bronze
• Bronze Age collapse
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• Canaanite language
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• Caricus Murus
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• chromosome
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• Cyrus the Great
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• El (deity)
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• elite
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• Lebanon Cedar
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• Louvre
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• Marion, Cyprus
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• Names of the Levant
• National Geographic
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• Nile
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• The New York Times
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• third millennium BC
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• tin
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• Tipaza
• Tripoli
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• דוֹר
• עַכּוֹ
• الطنطورة
• عكّا

Pettyjohn, Phoenicia Filmography