Poultry is a category of domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or raising for their meat and/or feathers. These most typically are members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae (in order Anseriformes), commonly known as "waterfowl" (e.g. domestic ducks and domestic geese). Poultry also includes other birds which are killed for their meat, such as pigeons or doves or birds considered to be game, like pheasants. Poultry comes from the French/Norman word, poule, itself derived from the Latin word Pullus, which means small animal.
Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of meat production worldwide, after pork at 38%.
! Bird | ! Wild ancestor | ! Domestication | ! Utilization | ! Picture |
Chicken | Red Junglefowl/Grey Junglefowl | Southeast Asia | meat, feathers, eggs, ornamentation,leather | |
Muscovy Duck/Mallard | various | meat, feathers, eggs | ||
Emu | Emu | various, 20th century | meat, leather, oil | |
Greylag Goose/Swan Goose | various | meat, feathers, eggs | ||
Indian peafowl | Indian Peafowl | various | meat, feathers, ornamentation, landscaping | |
Mute swan | Mute Swan | various | feathers, eggs, landscaping | |
Ostrich | Ostrich | various, 20th century | meat, eggs, feathers, leather | |
Wild Turkey | Mexico | meat, feathers | ||
Guineafowl | Helmeted guineafowl | Africa | meat, pest consumption, and alarm calling | |
Common pheasant | Common pheasant | Eurasia | meat | |
Golden pheasant | Golden pheasant | Eurasia | meat, mainly ornamental | |
Rhea | various, 20th century | meat, leather, oil, eggs | ||
The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called breast meat, and the walking muscles on the first and second segments of its legs, called the thigh and drumstick, respectively. The wings are also eaten, usually (in the United States) without separating them, as in Buffalo wings; the first and second segment of the wings are referred to as drumette (meatier) and flat when these need to be distinguished, though these are technical terms. In Japan, the wing is frequently separated, and these parts are referred to as 手羽元 (teba-moto "wing base") and 手羽先 (teba-saki "wing tip").
Dark meat, which avian myologists refer to as "red muscle," is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark color comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short, ineffectual bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying. Thus the chicken's leg and thigh meat are dark while its breast meat (which makes up the primary flight muscles) is white. Other birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout.
The correlation of meat, including poultry, consumption to increased risk of heart disease is controversial. A survey conducted in 1960 of 25,153 California Seventh-Day Adventists found that the risk of heart disease is three times greater for 45-64 year old men who eat meat daily, versus those who did not eat meat. In another study in 2010 involving over one million people who ate meat found that only processed meat had an adverse risk in relation to coronary heart disease. The study suggests that eating 50g (less than 2oz) of processed meat per day increases risk of coronary heart disease by 42%, and diabetes by 19%.
Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat than most types of red meat when measured as weight percentage.
A recent study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that nearly half (47%) percent of the meat and poultry in U.S. grocery stores were contaminated with S. aureus, with more than half (52%) of those bacteria resistant to antibiotics.
Category:Meat Category:Livestock Category:Domesticated birds
ar:دواجن bs:Domaća perad ca:Aviram cs:Domácí drůbež da:Fjerkræ de:Geflügel es:Ave de corral eo:Kortobirdo fr:Volaille hi:पोल्ट्री hr:Perad io:Pultro id:Unggas he:בשר עוף ka:მეფრინველეობა ht:Volay hu:Baromfi mk:Живина nl:Pluimvee ja:家禽 no:Fjærkre nn:Fjørfe pl:Drób pt:Ave de capoeira ru:Птицеводство simple:Fowl sk:Hydina (vtáctvo) sr:Живина fi:Siipikarja sv:Fjäderfä tr:Kümes hayvanları tk:Guşçulyk uk:Птахівництво yi:עוף zh-yue:鷄鴨 zh:家禽This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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