The word (Devanagari: ), in Sanskrit, means "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class" (Monier Williams's dictionary). It can also be used to refer to a "body of attendants" and can refer to "a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims".
In Hinduism, the s (Devanagari: ) are attendants of Shiva and live in Kailasa. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva, hence Ganesha's title or , "lord of the ".
The word "gana" can also refer to councils or assemblies convened to discuss matters of religion or other topics.
Thakur Deshraj has claimed that the story arose from a clan of Jats named Shivi who had a republic ruled by democratic system of administration known as ganatantra. Kshudrakas had formed a sangha with Malavas. This view is not mainstream
व्रातं व्रातं गणम् गणम्
Gana in brief means an assembly. Ganatantra (republic) means a state run by assemblies.
The representative members of clans were known as ganas and their assembly as sanghas, there chief as ganadhipati or Ganesha and Ganapati.
गण पूरकोवा भविस्सामीति
It indicates that there was an officer who used to see the number of ganas and their koram in the Rajasabha (state assembly).
During Buddhist period, the Buddhist books like ‘Pali-pitaka’, Majjhamnikaya, mahabagga, Avadana shataka have mentioned ganas and sanghas many times. During Buddhas period there were 116 republics or ganasanghas in India.
In Buddhist times, s were assemblies of the Sanghas, early democratic republics known as s, literally "rule of the assembly", a term paralleling demo-kratia or soviet republic. The term was revived in , the official name of the Republic of India.
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