name	Reinaldo Arenas
birth date	July 16, 1943
birth place	Oriente
death date	December 07, 1990
death place	New York City, New York
nationality	Cuban
period	1966-1990
genre	poetry, novel, drama
notableworks	Pentagonia''Before Night Falls''
website	}}

Reinaldo Arenas (July 16, 1943 – December 7, 1990) was a Cuban poet, novelist, and playwright who despite his early sympathy for the 1959 revolution, grew critical of and then rebelled against the Cuban government.

Life

Arenas was born in the countryside, in the northern part of the Province of Oriente, Cuba, and later moved to the city of Holguín. In 1963, he moved to Havana to enroll in the School of Planification and, later, in the Faculty of Letters at the Universidad de La Habana, where he studied philosophy and literature without completing a degree. The following year, he began working at the Biblioteca Nacional José Martí. While there, his talent was noticed and he was awarded prizes at Cirilo Villaverde National Competition held by UNEAC (National Union of Cuban Writers and Artists). His ''Hallucinations'' was awarded "first Honorable Mention" in 1966 although, as the judges could find no better entry, no First Prize was awarded that year.

His writings and openly gay lifestyle were, by 1967, bringing him into conflict with the Communist government. He left the Biblioteca Nacional and became an editor for the Cuban Book Institute until 1968. From 1968 to 1974 he was a journalist and editor for the literary magazine ''La Gaceta de Cuba''. In 1973, he was sent to prison after being charged and convicted of 'ideological deviation' and for publishing abroad without official consent. He escaped from prison and tried to leave Cuba by launching himself from the shore on a tire inner tube. The attempt failed and he was rearrested near Lenin Park and imprisoned at the notorious El Morro Castle alongside murderers and rapists. He survived by helping the inmates to write letters to wives and lovers. He was able to collect enough paper this way to continue his writing. However, his attempts to smuggle his work out of prison were discovered and he was severely punished. Threatened with death, he was forced to renounce his work and was released in 1976. In 1980, as part of the Mariel Boatlift, he fled to the United States. He came on the boat San Lazaro captained by Cuban immigrant Roberto Aguero.

Writings

Despite his short life and the hardships imposed during his imprisonment, Arenas produced a significant body of work. In addition to significant poetic efforts ("El Central", "Leprosorio"), his ''Pentagonia'' is a set of five novels that comprise a "secret history" of post-revolutionary Cuba. It includes ''Singing from the Well'' (in Spanish also titled "Celestino before Dawn"), ''Farewell to the Sea'' (whose literal translation is "The Sea Once More"), ''Palace of the White Skunks'', the Rabelaisian ''Color of Summer'', and ''The Assault''. In these novels Arenas’ style ranges from a stark realist narrative and high modernist experimental prose to absurd, satiric humor. His second novel, ''Hallucinations'' ("El Mundo Alucinante"), rewrites the story of the colonial dissident priest Fray Servando Teresa de Mier.

In interviews, his autobiography, and in some of his fiction work itself, Arenas draws explicit connections between his own life experience and the identities and fates of his protagonists. As is evident and as critics such as Francisco Soto have pointed out, the "child narrator" in "Celestino", Fortunato of "The Palace...", Hector of "Farewell..", and the triply named "Gabriel/Reinaldo/Gloomy Skunk" character in "Color" appear to live progressive stages of a continuous life story that is also linked to Arenas's own. In turn, Arenas consistently links his individual narrated life to the historical experience of a generation of Cubans. A constant theme in his novels and other writing is the condemnation of the Castro government, although Arenas also critiques the Catholic Church, US culture and politics, and a series of literary personalities in Havana and internationally, particularly those who he believed had betrayed him and suppressed his work (Sévero Sarduy and Ángel Rama are notable examples). His "Thirty truculent tongue-twisters", which he claims circulated in Havana and which are reprinted in "The Color of Summer", mock everyone from personal friends who he suggests may have spied on him to figures such as Nicolás Guillén, Alejo Carpentier, Miguel Barnet, Sarduy and of course Fidel himself.

His autobiography, ''Before Night Falls'' was on the ''New York Times'' list of the ten best books of the year in 1993. In 2000 this work was made into a film, directed by Julian Schnabel, in which Arenas was played by Javier Bardem. An opera based on the autobiography with libretto and music by Cuban-American composer Jorge Martin was premiered by the Fort Worth Opera on May 29, 2010, with baritone Wes Mason singing the role of Reinaldo Arenas. He is related to Gilbert, Javier, Armando Arenas. And is also related to Hamzah Salaam.

Death

In 1987, Arenas was diagnosed with AIDS, but he continued to write and speak out against the Cuban government. He mentored many Cuban exile writers, including John O'Donnell-Rosales. After battling AIDS, Arenas committed suicide by taking an overdose of drugs and alcohol on December 7, 1990, in New York. In a suicide letter written for publication, Arenas wrote:

Due to my delicate state of health and to the terrible depression it causes me not to be able to continue writing and struggling for the freedom of Cuba, I am ending my life. . . . I want to encourage the Cuban people out of the country as well as on the Island to continue fighting for freedom. . . Cuba will be free. I already am.

Notable works

''El mundo alucinante'' (1966) ISBN 978-84-8310-775-1, ; Scholarly edition by Enrico Mario Santí; English translation ''Hallucinations'' (2001 reissue) ISBN 978-0-14-200019-9

''Cantando en el pozo'' (1982) (originally published as ''Celestino antes del alba'' (1967)) English translation ''Singing from the Well'' (1987) ISBN 978-0-14-009444-2

''El palacio de las blanquisimas mofetas'' (1982) English translation ''The Palace of the White Skunks'' (1990) ISBN 978-0-14-009792-4

''Otra vez el mar'' (1982) English translation ''Farewell to the Sea'' (1987) ISBN 978-0-14-006636-4

''El color del verano'' (1982) English translation ''The Color of Summer'' (1990) ISBN 978-0-14-015719-2

''El Asalto'' (1990) English translation ''The Assault'' (1992) ISBN 978-0-14-015718-5

''El portero'' (1987) English translation ''The Doorman'' (1991) ISBN 978-0-8021-3405-9

''Antes que anochezca'' (1992) English translation ''Before Night Falls'' (1993) ISBN 978-0-14-015765-9

''Mona and Other Tales'' (2001) ISBN 978-0-375-72730-6 This is an English translation of a collection of short stories originally published in Spanish in Spain between 1995 and 2001

''Con los ojos cerrados'' (1972),

''La vieja Rosa'' (1980), English Translation ''Old Rosa'' (1989) ISBN 978-0-8021-3406-6

''El central'' (1981), ISBN 978-0-380-86934-3

''Termina el desfile'' (1981).

''Arturo, la estrella más brillante'' (1984),

''Cinco obras de teatro bajo el título Persecución'' (1986).

''Necesidad de libertad'' (1986)

''La Loma del Angel'' (1987), English Translation ''Graveyard of the Angels'' (1987) ISBN 978-0-380-75075-7

''Voluntad de vivir manifestándose'' (1989) ISBN 978-987-9396-55-1

''Viaje a La Habana'' (1990). ISBN 978-0-89729-544-4

''Final de un cuento (El Fantasma de la glorieta)'' (1991) ISBN 978-84-86842-38-3

''Adiós a mamá'' (1996) ISBN 978-0-89729-791-2

See also

LGBT rights in Cuba

List of Cuban American writers

List of Famous Cuban-Americans.

References

Further reading

''English''

''Reinaldo Arenas'' (Twayne's World Author Series) / Francisco Soto., 1998

''Reinaldo Arenas: The Pentagonía'' / Francisco Soto. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994

''The postmodern poetic narrative of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas'' / Ileana C Zéndegui., 2004

''The manufacture of an author : Reinaldo Arenas's literary world, his readers and other contemporaries'' / Claudio Canaparo., 2000

''Reinaldo Arenas: tradition and singularity'' / Francisco Soto., 1988

''Reinaldo Arenas: the agony is the ecstasy'' / Dinora Caridad Cardoso., 1997

''Cosmopolitanisms and Latin America: Against the Destiny of Place'' / Jacqueline Loss. NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005 [A detailed study of Reinaldo Arenas and Diamela Eltit's cosmopolitan aspects]

"Lifewriting with a Vengeance: Truth, Subalternity and Autobiographical Determination in Reinaldo Arenas's ''Antes que anochezca,''' By: Sandro R. Barros, ''Caribe: Revista de Cultura y Literatura'', 2006 Summer; 9 (1): 41-56.

"A Postmodern 'Play' on a Nineteenth-Century Cuban Classic: Reinaldo Arenas's ''La Loma del Angel,''" By: H. J. Manzari, ''Decimonónica: Journal of Nineteenth Century Hispanic Cultural Production'', 2006 Summer; 3 (2): 45-58.

"The Molecular Poetics of ''Before Night Falls,''" By: Teresa Rizzo, ''Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge'', 2006 Spring; 11-12.

"Queer Parody and Intertextuality: A Postmodern Reading of Reinaldo Arenas's ''El cometa Halley,''" By: Francisco Soto, IN: Ingenschay, ''Desde aceras opuestas: Literatura/cultura gay y lesbiana en Latinoamérica''. Madrid, Spain; Frankfurt, Germany: Iberoamericana; Vervuert; 2006. pp. 245–53

"Revisiting the Circuitous Odyssey of the Baroque Picaresque Novel: Reinaldo Arenas's ''El mundo alucinante,''" By: Angela L. Willis, ''Comparative Literature'', 2005 Winter; 57 (1): 61-83.

"The Traumas of Unbelonging: Reinaldo Arenas's Recuperations of Cuba," By: Laurie Vickroy, ''MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States'', 2005 Winter; 30 (4): 109-28.

"Difficult Writings: AIDS and the Activist Aesthetic in Reinaldo Arenas' ''Before Night Falls,''" By: Diana Davidson, ''Atenea'', 2003 Dec; 23 (2): 53-71.

''Spanish''

''Reinaldo Arenas : una apreciación política'' / Adolfo Cacheiro., 2000

''Reinaldo Arenas : recuerdo y presencia'' / Reinaldo Sánchez., 1994

''La escritura de la memoria : Reinaldo Arenas, textos, estudios y documentación'' / Ottmar Ette., 1992

''Reinaldo Arenas : narrativa de transgresión'' / Perla Rozencvaig., 1986

''La alucinación y los recursos literarios en las novelas de Reinaldo Arenas'' / Félix Lugo Nazario., 1995

''El círculo del exilio y la enajenación en la obra de Reinaldo Arenas'' / María Luisa Negrín., 2000

''La textualidad de Reinaldo Arenas : juegos de la escritura posmoderna'' / Eduardo C Bejar., 1987

''Reinaldo Arenas : alucinaciones, fantasía y realidad'' / Julio E Hernández-Miyares., 1990

''El desamparado humor de Reinaldo Arenas'' / Roberto Valero., 1991

''Ideología y subversión : otra vez Arenas'' / Reinaldo Sánchez., 1999

External links

Find-A-Grave profile for Reinaldo Arenas

Category:Cuban dramatists and playwrights Category:Cuban novelists Category:American writers of Cuban descent Category:Cuban refugees Category:Gay writers Category:People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws Category:Cuban poets Category:LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people Category:Writers who committed suicide Category:Drug-related suicides in New York Category:1943 births Category:1990 deaths Category:LGBT people from Cuba Category:People with HIV/AIDS Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:Hispanic and Latino American novelists Category:Hispanic and Latino American dramatists and playwrights be:Рэйнальда Арэнас be-x-old:Рэйнальда Арэнас br:Reinaldo Arenas ca:Reinaldo Arenas cs:Reinaldo Arenas de:Reinaldo Arenas es:Reinaldo Arenas fa:رینالدو آرناس fr:Reinaldo Arenas it:Reinaldo Arenas he:רינלדו ארנס la:Reinaldus Arenas ja:レイナルド・アレナス pl:Reinaldo Arenas pt:Reinaldo Arenas ro:Reinaldo Arenas ru:Аренас, Рейнальдо sk:Reinaldo Arenas sr:Реиналдо Аренас fi:Reinaldo Arenas sv:Reinaldo Arenas tr:Reinaldo Arenas zh:雷纳多·阿里纳斯

name	Francine Prose
birth date	April 1, 1947
birth place	Brooklyn, New York
occupation	Novelist
nationality	American
genre	}}

Francine Prose (born April 1, 1947, Brooklyn, New York) is an American writer. Since March 2007 she has been the president of PEN American Center. She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968 and received a Guggenheim fellowship in 1991.

She sat on the board of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own Award. Her novel, ''Blue Angel'', a satire about sexual harassment on college campuses, was a finalist for the National Book Award.

She is a Visiting Professor of Literature at Bard College. One of her novels, ''Household Saints'', was adapted for a movie by Nancy Savoca. Another, ''The Glorious Ones'', has been adapted into a musical with the same title by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty. It ran at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre at Lincoln Center in New York City in the fall of 2007.

Bibliography

Novels

1973 ''Judah the Pious'' Atheneum (Macmillan reissue 1986 ISBN 0-8398-2913-2)

1974 ''The Glorious Ones'' (ISBN 0-06-149384-8, Harper Perennial reissue 10/07)

1977 ''Marie Laveau'' Berkley Publishing Corp. (ISBN 039911873X)

1978 "Animal Magnetism", G.P. Putnam's Sons. (ISBN 0399121609)

1981 ''Household Saints'' St. Martin's Press (ISBN 0-312-39341-5)

1983 ''Hungry Hearts'' Pantheon (ISBN 0-394-52767-4)

1986 ''Bigfoot Dreams'' Pantheon (ISBN 0-8050-4860-X)

1992 ''Primitive People'' Farrar Straus & Giroux (ISBN 0-374-23722-0)

1995 ''Hunters and Gatherers'' Farrar

2000 ''Blue Angel'' Harper Perennial (ISBN 978-0060953713)

2003 "After" HarperCollin's (ISBN 0-06-008082-5)

2005 ''A Changed Man'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-019674-2)

2008 ''Goldengrove'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-621411-4)

2009 "Touch" HarperTeen (ISBN 978-0-06-137517-0) (young adult literature|young adult novel)

2011 ''My New American Life'' Harper ISBN 978-0-06-171376-7

Short story collections

1988 ''Women and Children First'' Pantheon (ISBN 0-394-56573-8)

1997 ''Guided Tours of Hell'' Metropolitan (ISBN 0-8050-4861-8)

1998 ''The Peaceable Kingdom'' Farrar Straus & Giroux (ISBN 0-06-075404-4)

Children's books

2005 ''Leopold, the Liar of Leipzig'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-008075-2)

Nonfiction

2002 ''The Lives of the Muses: Nine Women & the Artists They Inspired'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-019672-6)

2003 ''Gluttony'' Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-515699-4) (second in the Seven Deadly Sins series)

2003 ''Sicilian Odyssey'' National Geographic (ISBN 0-7922-6535-1)

2005 ''Caravaggio : Painter of Miracles'' Eminent Lives (ISBN 0-06-057560-3)

2006 ''Reading Like a Writer'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-077704-4)

2009 ''Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife'' HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-143079-X)

Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife

Francine Prose's 2009 non-fiction work is a critique of the "Diary of Anne Frank"'', taking a decidedly literary approach. It not only discusses the history of the world famous diary, but also Anne Frank's literary style, and her reason for writing the diary.

Book reviews

April 17, 2005 "'The Peabody Sisters': Reflected Glory": ''The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism'', by Megan Marshall, Houghton Mifflin (ISBN 0-395-38992-5)

May 22, 2005 "'Oh the Glory of It All': Poor Little Rich Boy": ''Oh the Glory of It All'', by Sean Wilsey, Penguin (ISBN 1-59420-051-3)

June 12, 2005 "'Marriage, a History': Lithuanians and Letts Do It," ''Marriage, a History: From Obedience to Intimacy, Or How Love Conquered Marriage'', by Stephanie Coontz, Viking (ISBN 0-670-03407-X)

August 14, 2005 "'Eudora Welty': Not Just at the P.O.," New York Times: ''Eudora Welty: A Biography'', by Suzanne Marrs, Harcourt Trade (ISBN 0-15-100914-7)

December 4, 2005 "Slayer of Taboos," New York Times: ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider'', by John Worthen, Basic Books (ISBN 1-58243-341-0)

April 2, 2006 "Science Fiction," New York Times: ''The Book About Blanche and Marie'', by Per Olov Enquist, Translated by Tiina Nunnally, Overlook (ISBN 1-58567-668-3)

July 9, 2006 "The Folklore of Exile," New York Times: ''Last Evenings on Earth'', by Roberto Bolaño, Translated by Chris Andrews, New Directions (ISBN 0-8112-1634-9)

December 2008 "More is More: Roberto Bolaño's Magnum Opus", Harper's Magazine: ''2666'', by Roberto Bolaño, translated by Natasha Wimmer, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (ISBN 0-374-10014-4)

Dec/ Jan 2010 "Altar Ego," Bookforum: ''Ayn Rand and the World She Made'', by Anne C. Heller, Nan A. Talese (ISBN 978-0-385-51399-9)

External links

Author page at Harpercollins

A conversation with Francine Prose on The Atlantic Online

Prose archive from ''The New York Review of Books''

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American novelists Category:American short story writers Category:Jewish American writers Category:Bard College faculty Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:People from Brooklyn Category:People from Ulster County, New York Category:Radcliffe College alumni Category:Iowa Writers' Workshop faculty Category:Rome Prize winners

nl:Francine Prose

Paul Schütze (born 1 May 1958) is an Australian artist resident in London. Over thirty years his work has spanned composition, performance, installation, video, printmaking and photography.

Schütze was born in Melbourne, Australia. He spent his childhood painting and drawing but left Caulfield Institute after only two months of an Arts Foundation Course to work in a factory. There he earned the money to buy his first electronic musical equipment. In 1979 he spend several months travelling and ended up in London where he immersed himself in concerts, museums and galleries. Returning to Melbourne he formed seminal improvising group Laughing Hands with Gordon Harvey, Ian Russell and Paul Widdicombe. The group existed in several forms until disbanding in 1982.

Schütze spent the next decade writing scores for films. His first feature soundtrack, ''The Tale of Ruby Rose'' (1987), won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best original Music Score. During this period Schütze lectured on film sound at both Swinburne Institute and AFTRS and worked as a film critic both in print and on national radio.

In collaboration with Michael Trudgeon, Anthony Kitchener and Dominic Lowe Schütze curated and featured in Deus Ex Machina, an ambitious exhibition/ publication at Monash University in 1989. This was to be his first sound installation and subsequently his first solo album.

In 1992 Schütze re-located to London during a period of particular fertility in the independent music scene and released nearly thirty albums of original works over the next decade. Schütze contributed writings to ''The Wire'', and performed his music in Europe, Scandinavia and Japan often with regular collaborator Simon Hopkins. In 1996 he formed improvising super-group Phantom City with Bill Laswell, Raoul Björkenheim, Dirk Wachtelaer at its core and Alex Buess, Toshinori Kondo, Lol Coxhill and Jah Wobble as guest collaborators.

In 2000 Schütze was invited to exhibit in Sonic Boom at the Hayward Gallery London by curator David Toop. The same year he received a large commission for a permanent installation work for Cap Gemini and a second for a massive twenty-two screen audio/video work at the Gasometer in Oberhausen, Germany. He also contributed a sound work to James Turrell’s Eclipse event/publication in Cornwall.

In 2002 Schütze began working with Alan Cristea Gallery London. In 2003 his first solo show Vertical Memory opened at ACG. The show included prints, video, sound and a huge wall work in which the whole of Alain Robbe-Grillet’s novel ''Topology of A Phantom City'' was rendered as a continuous plane of silver text. In 2004, Stiftelsen 314 in Bergen, Norway mounted his solo show ''Garden of Instruments''. This was the next stage in a large scale project that began in 1997 with the release of Schutze’s spoken architectural opera ''Second Site'' and continued with a series of lightboxes for ACG also in 2004. This project which is still ongoing now has its own site.

In 2006 Schütze began to work with Galleria Estiarte in Madrid showing prints, videos and lightboxes. His work is also shown at the Alan Cristea Gallery in London. Following Schütze‘s two residencies at Cité des Arts in Paris making photographs, a solo show of photography – ''Twilight Science'' – opened in London at Alan Cristea Gallery in May 2008.

An ongoing commission (initiated in 1999) to make a sound work for James Turrell’s Roden Crater has involved several research trips and has now been completed as a five-hour installation piece in Dolby Surround.

References

External links

Paul Schütze home page

Official Paul Schütze biography

Official selected works, including full discography

Paul Schütze - Alan Cristea Gallery

Garden of Instruments website

Category:1958 births Category:Australian musicians Category:Australian photographers Category:Living people Category:Virgin Records artists

pl:Paul Schuetze

This is a list of people whose names in English are commonly appended with the phrase "''the Great''", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as ''e Bozorg'' and ''e azam'' in Persian and Urdu respectively.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.

The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus) assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "''the Great''".

The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).

Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.

As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.

Rulers

Abbas I of Persia (1571-1629), Shah of Iran

Akbar (1542-1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India

Alain I of Albret (1440-1522), French aristocrat

Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia

Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia

Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias

Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex

Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire

Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty

Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),

Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire

Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand

Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736-1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)

Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden

Casimir III the Great (1310-1370), King of Poland

Catherine the Great (1729-1796), Empress of Russian

Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India

Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans

Chulalongkorn (1853-1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)

Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks

Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen

Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman Emperor

Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire

Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire

Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent

Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse

Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile

Frederick the Great (1712-1786), King of Prussia

Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire

Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594-1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader

Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea

Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC

Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)

Henry IV of France (1553-1610), King of France and King of Navarre

Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea

Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris

Hugh Magnus of France (1007-1025), co-King of France

Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057-1101)

Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat

Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505), Tsar of Russia

John I of Portugal (1358-1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve

John II of Aragon (1398-1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre

Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor

Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i

Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India

Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010-1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia

Kublai Khan (1215-1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty

Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales

Louis I of Hungary (1326-1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland

Mangrai the Great (1238-1317), Lanna, northern Thailand

Emperor Meiji (1852-1912), Emperor of Japan

Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)

Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)

Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom

Mstislav I of Kiev (1076-1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus

Narai (1633-1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)

Naresuan (1555-1605), King of Ayutthaya

Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)

K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque

Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka

Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia

Peter the Great (1672-1725), Tsar of Russia

Peter III of Aragon (1239-1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily

Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar

Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar

Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.

Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014-1044), Tamil King of India

Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082-1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties

Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)

Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev

Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent

Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre

Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire

Sejong the Great (1397-1450), Korean king

Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia

Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire

Stephen III of Moldavia (1433-1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)

Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks

Taksin (1734-1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)

Timur (1336-1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty

Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie

Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire

Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor

Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia

Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia

Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire

Valdemar I of Denmark (1131-1182), King of Denmark

Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor

Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus

Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy

William I, Count of Burgundy (1020-1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon

William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou

Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)

Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China

Religious figures

Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East

Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia

Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian

Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt

Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader

Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)

Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint

Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint

Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)

Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine

Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)

Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)

Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit

Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)

Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople

William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites

Other

Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies

Emmy the Great, folk singer

Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III

Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia

See also

Epithet

List of monarchs by nickname

List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I

James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus

Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater

Notes

Category:Monarchs Great, List of people known as The Category:Greatest Nationals Category:Epithets

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