The term Mawlid is also used in some parts of the world, such as Egypt, as a generic term for the birthday celebrations of other historical religious figures such as Sufi saints.
! Gregorian Year !! 12th of Rabi'-ul-Awwal(Sunni and some Shia) !! 17th of Rabi'-ul-Awwal(Shi'a) | ||
!2008* | March 20 | March 25 |
!2009* | March 9 | March 14 |
!2010* | February 26 | March 3 |
!2011* | February 15 | February 20 |
!2012 | February 4 | February 9 |
!2013 | January 24 | January 29 |
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Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi (1162–1236) established the custom of celebrating Mawlid in Morocco. His son Abu'l-Qasim propagated it throughout the Maghreb.
The first public celebrations by Sunnis took place in twelfth-century Syria, under the rule of Nur ad-Din Zangi Though there is no firm evidence to indicate the reason for the adoption of the Shi'ite festival by the Sunnis, some theorize the celebrations took hold to counter Christian influence in places such as Spain and Morocco. Theologians denounced the celebration of Mawlid as unorthodox, and the practice was briefly halted by the Ayoubides when they came to power, becoming an event confined to family circles. It regained status as an official event again in 1207 when it was re-introduced by Muzaffar ad-din, the brother-in-law of Saladin, in Arbil, a town near Mosul, Iraq.
The practice spread throughout the Muslim world, assimilating local customs, to places such as Cairo, where folklore and Sufic practices greatly influenced the celebrations. By 1588 it had spread to the court of Murad III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. In 1910, it was given official status as a national festival throughout the Ottoman empire. Today it is an official holiday in many parts of the world.
A number of Islamic scholars, such as Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Tahir-ul-Qadri the founder of Minhaj-ul-Quran, Akhtar Raza Khan Grand Mufti of India, Gibril Haddad, Shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi, and Zaid Shakir, subscribing to Sufi Islam, and Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the primary scholar of the Muslim Brotherhood movement, have given their approval for the observance of Mawlid. They suggest that fasting on Mondays is also a way of commemorating Muhammad's birthday. However, there is division among them on the lawfulness of the methods of the celebrations. Most accept that it is praiseworthy as long as it is not against sharia (i.e. inappropriate mingling of the sexes, consuming forbidden food or drink such as alcohol, playing music etc.).
Notable scholars who consider Mawlid to be bid‘ah and forbid its celebration include, Muhammad Taqi Usmani, a Deobandi scholar from Pakistan, and Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz, who was the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia subscribing to the Salafi movement. Although all agree that the birth of Muhammad was the most significant event in Islamic history, they point out that the companions of Muhammad and the second and third generation of Muslims did not observe this event.
Mawlid is celebrated in most Muslim countries, and in other countries where Muslims have a presence, such as India, Britain, Russia and Canada. Saudi Arabia is the only Muslim country where Mawlid is not an official public holiday. Participation in the ritual celebration of popular Islamic holidays is seen as an expression of the Islamic revival.
During Pakistan's Mawlid celebration, the national flag is hoisted on all public buildings, and a 31-gun salute in Islamabad and a 21-gun salute at the provincial headquarters are fired at dawn. The cinemas shows religious rather than secular films on 11th and 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal.
Among non-Muslim countries, India is noted for its Mawlid festivities. The relics of Muhammad are displayed after the morning prayers in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir at the Hazratbal Shrine, on the outskirts of Srinagar. Shab-khawani night-long prayers held at the Hazratbal Shrine are attended by thousands.
Other non-Muslim countries noted for its Mawlid festivities are Kenya and Tanzania where it is known as "Maulidi". In Kenya, the most famous place is the coastal island of Lamu and Malindi. In Tanzania the largest celebrations are on the island of Zanzibar.
In many parts of Indonesia, the celebration of the Mawlid al-nabi "seems to surpass in importance, liveliness, and splendour," the two official Islamic holidays of Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
Category:Islamic holy days Category:Shi'a days of remembrance
ar:المولد النبوي ca:Màwlid an-Nabí da:Mawlid de:Mawlid an-Nabi es:Mawlid fr:Mawlid id:Maulid Nabi Muhammad it:Mawlid sw:Maulid lbe:Мавлуд ml:നബിദിനം ms:Maulidur Rasul nl:Mawlid an-Nabi ja:預言者生誕祭 no:Mawlid nn:Maulid an nabi pl:Mawlid pt:Mawlid ru:Маулид ан-Наби simple:Mawlid an-Nabi su:Muludan sv:Mawlid tt:Мәүлид бәйрәме te:మీలాదె నబి tr:Mevlit Kandili uk:Мавлід ur:عید میلاد النبی zh:圣纪节This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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