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Ranjit Singh
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Alexander Burnes
Captain Sir Alexander Burnes (16 May 1805 – 2 November 1841) was a British traveller and explorer who took part in The Great Game. He was nicknamed Bokhara Burnes for his role in establishing contact with and exploring Bukhara, which made his name.
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Balbhadra Kunwar
Balbhadra Kunwar (17?? – c. 1822 A.D.) is a National Hero of Nepal, freedom fighter, Captain, General, etc. Following the Anglo-Nepali War of 1814–1816 he became very famous. He was a Captain in the Royal Nepali Army (Gorkhali Army) and gained fame as the commander of the Gorkhali forces at the Battle of Nalapani, outside of Dheradun, India in 1814 during the Anglo-Nepalese War.
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Chhatrapati Shivaji
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Dewan Mokham Chand
Ranjit Singh had seen him in action at Akalgarh three years earlier and again in the fight against the Bhangi Sardar of Gujarat. Mokham Chand had fallen out with his Bhangi master and had come to Ranjit for employment. Ranjit welcomed him with handsome gifts of an elephant and horses and granted him the Dallewalia possessions as a Jagir. He was made commander of a cavalry unit with power to recruit 1500 foot soldiers as well .
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Dost Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan (Pashto/Persian: دوست محمد خان, December 23, 1793 - June 9, 1863) was the Emir of Afghanistan between 1826 and 1863. He first ruled from 1826 to 1839 and then from 1843 to 1863. He was the 11th son of Sardar Pāyendah Khan (chief of the Barakzai tribe) who was killed by Zaman Shah Durrani in 1799. He was the grandson of Hajji Jamal Khan who founded the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan. He belonged to the Pashtun ethnic group.
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Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh (, ) (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth Guru of Sikhism. He was born in Patna, Bihar in India and became a Guru on 11 November 1675, at the age of nine years, succeeding his father Guru Tegh Bahadur. He was the leader of the Sikh faith, a warrior, a poet, and a philosopher. In the Sikh society, Guru Gobind Singh is considered a perfect example of manhood; highly educated, skilled in horsemanship, armed combat, chivalrous, and generous in character.
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Guru Nanak Dev
[[Image:Sikh Gurus with Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A rare Tanjore style painting from the late 19th century depicting the ten Sikh Gurus. There is also a guru called Mohini Patel and she is 18.
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Hari Singh Nalwa
Hari Singh Nalwa (Punjabi: ਹਰੀ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਲਵਾ) (1791-1837) was Commander-in-chief of the Khalsa, the army of the Sikh Empire. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Multan, Kashmir, Attock, and Peshawar. He led the Sikh Army in freeing Shah Shuja from Kashmir and secured the Koh-i-Nor diamond for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His death at the Battle of Jamrud was a significant loss to the Sikh Empire.
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Hügel
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Jahangir
Nur-ud-din Salim Jahangir () (full title: ''Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Khushru-i-Giti Panah, Abu'l-Fath Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi [Jannat-Makaani]'') (20 September 1569 – 8 November 1627) (OS 31 August 1569 NS 8 November 1627) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until his death. The name Jahangir is from Persian جہانگير, meaning "Conqueror of the World". Nur-ud-din or Nur al-Din is an Arabic name which means " Light of the Faith." Born as Prince Muhammad Salim, he was the third and eldest surviving son of Mogul Emperor Akbar. Akbar's twin sons, Hasan and Hussain, died in infancy. His mother was the Rajput Princess of Amber, Jodhabai (born Rajkumari Hira Kunwari, eldest daughter of Raja Bihar Mal or Bharmal, Raja of Amber, India).
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Jind Kaur
Maharani Jind Kaur, (1817 in Chachar, Gujranwala, Sikh Empire - August 1, 1863 in London, United Kingdom) also popularly known as Rani Jindan. She was the youngest wife of Maharajah Ranjit Singh and the mother of the last Sikh Emperor, Maharajah Duleep Singh. In 1845 she became Regent of Punjab for Duleep Singh. The Queen Mother (or Mai) of the last Sikh sovereign of the Punjab. She was renowned for her great beauty and personal charm along with her 'characteristic strength of a man' qualities which the British came to dislike.
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Josiah Harlan
Josiah Harlan, Prince of Ghor (June 12, 1799 - 1871) was an American adventurer, best known for travelling to Afghanistan and Punjab with the intention of making himself a king. While there, he became involved in local politics and factional military actions, eventually winning the title Prince of Ghor in perpetuity for himself and his descendants in exchange for military aid. Rudyard Kipling's short story "The Man Who Would Be King" is believed to be partly based on Harlan.
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Kharak Singh
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Mahan Singh Mirpuri
Sardar Raja Mahan Singh "Mirpuri" (also spelled Maan Singh "Mirpura"/"Mirpuria") was a famous General in the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and was the second-in-command to the famous General Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa. He was conferred by Maharaja Ranjit Singh the title of Raja for his conquests of Haripur, Nowshehra and Peshawar. The town of Mansehra derives its name from him.
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Maharaja Dalip Singh
http://wn.com/Maharaja_Dalip_Singh -
Maratha
A Maratha is a member of one of the major Hindu Kshatriya (warrior) groups of India and a ruling class of the Indian subcontinent. They enjoy a reputation as soldiers; many of them serve in the Indian Armed Forces. Marāthā (Marathi: , also Mahratta) has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people; historically, it describes the Maratha empire founded by Shivaji in the seventeenth century and continued by his successors, which included many
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Pashtun people
Pashtuns ( , , also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns), also called Pathans (in and Hindi: पठान ) or (ethnic) Afghans (in ; see also origin and history of the term), are an Eastern Iranian ethno-linguistic group with populations primarily in Afghanistan and western Pakistan, which includes Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Balochistan. The Pashtuns are typically characterized by their usage of the Pashto language and practice of Pashtunwali, a traditional set of rules and ethics guiding individual and communal conduct.
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Rana Pratap Singh
http://wn.com/Rana_Pratap_Singh -
Ranjit Singh
'Maharaja Ranjit Singh' () (born 13 November 1780) ruled 1799-20 June 1839; Capital city Lahore; was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.
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Sansi
http://wn.com/Sansi -
Shah Mahmud
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Sher Singh
Maharaja Sher Singh (Born: December 1807 - Died: September 16th 1843) was a Sikh ruler of the sovereign country of Punjab and the Sikh Empire. He was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Queen Rani Mehtab Kaur (not to be confused with Maharani Mahtab Devi Sahiba, d/o Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra, another wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) who was also the mother of Prince Tara Singh. He became Maharaja in 1841 after the sudden death of Nau Nihal Singh whose death was set in motion, some say purposely, while returning from his father's cremation. He was the half brother of Nau Nihal's father, Kartar Singh.
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Sophia Duleep Singh
Princess Sophia Alexandra Duleep Singh (b. Elveden Hall, 8 August 1876; d. Hilden Hall, Tylers Green, 22 August 1948) was a prominent suffragette in the United Kingdom. She is best remembered for her leading role in the Women's Tax Resistance League, but she also participated in other women's suffrage groups including the Women's Social and Political Union.
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Veer Singh Dillon
Veer Singh Dillon (1792–1842) was a legendary Sikh warrior who was born in Gurdaspore, Punjab. He was the a general in the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and was the founder of one of the most highly honored Sikh warrior families.
http://wn.com/Veer_Singh_Dillon
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Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
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Anandpur Sahib
Anandpur Sahib (, ) is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state of Punjab, India. Known as "the holy City of Bliss," it is a holy city of the Sikhs and is one of their most important sacred places, closely linked with their religious traditions and history. It is located on the lower spurs of the Himalayas surrounded by picturesque natural scenery, with the river Sutlej forming a shimmering and shiny blue border on the south west barely four miles away.
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Attock
Attock (Urdu: ), the headquarters of Attock District, is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and also a border district on the river Indus. Its old name, before 1985, was Campbellpur.
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Bala Hissar
Bala Hissar is an ancient fortress located in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan. The estimated date of construction is around the 5th century A.D. Bala Hissar sits to the south of the modern city centre at the tail end of the Kuh-e-Sherdarwaza Mountain. The Walls of Kabul, which are a staggering high and thick, start at the fortress and follow the mountain ridge in a sweeping curve down to the river. It sports a massive set of gates for access to the fortress.
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Bannu
Bannu (; , Bana, or Bani Gul) is the principal city of the Bannu District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is an important road junction and market city. Bannu is a very old city, founded in the same time period as Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Ghazi Khan; however, the present location of the downtown Bannu was founded by Sir Herbert Edwardes in 1848, and was formerly called Edwardesabad and Dhulipnagar. It lies in the north-west corner of the district, in the valley of the Kurram River and was a British military base, especially in actions against Afghan border tribes. The town is located at 33° 0' N. and 70° 36' E., one mile south of the Kurram river, 79 south of Kohat, and 89 north of Dera Ismail Khan.
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Beas River
The Beas River (, , , ) is the second easternmost of the rivers of the Punjab, a tributary of Indus River. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 470 km (290 miles) to the Sutlej River in South Punjab of India.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh (, ) is a union territory of India, that serves as the capital of two states, Punjab and Haryana. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name was coined from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu Goddess Chandi, present in the city's vicinity. It is occasionally referred to as The City Beautiful. Chandigarh Capital Region (CCR) including Mohali, Panchkula and Zirakpur had a combined population of 1,165,111 (1.16 million) as per the 2001 census. Earlier the Chandigarh Capital region was also called 'Tricity' because of Panchkula and Mohali as adjacent cities but with mushrooming of other towns like Zirakpur, Kharar etc. with considerable population it is better called 'Chandigarh Capital Region'.
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Chenab
http://wn.com/Chenab -
FATA
http://wn.com/FATA -
Gilgit
Gilgit (Urdu/Burushaski: گلگت, Hindi: गिलगित) is the capital city of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Gilgit City forms a tehsil of Gilgit, within Gilgit District. Its ancient name was Sargin, later to be known as Gilit, and it is still called Gilit or Sargin-Gilit by local people. In the Burushaski language, it is named Geelt and in Wakhi and Khowar it is called Gilt. Ghallata is considered its name in ancient Sanskrit literature. Gilgit City is one of the two major hubs in the Northern Areas for mountaineering expeditions to the Karakoram and other the peaks in the Himalayas, the other hub being Skardu.
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Golders Green
Golders Green is an area in the London Borough of Barnet in London, England. Although having some earlier history, it is essentially a 19th century suburban development situated about 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north west of Charing Cross and centred on the crossroads of Golders Green Road and Finchley Road.
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Gujranwala
Gujranwala (Punjabi, {{lang-ur|) is a city in the north east of the Punjab province. It is the sixth largest city in Pakistan with a population of 1,132,509 (1998 census) Gujranwala is located at 32.16° North, 74.18° East and is 226 metres (744 feet) above sea-level. It borders with Ghakhar Mandi and some small towns and villages. Punjabi is the local language, however English and Urdu are also common, particularly in schools and offices.
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Gujrat
Gujrat (Urdu/Punjabi: ) is a city in Pakistan. It is the capital of Gujrat District and the Gujrat Tehsil subdivision in the Punjab Province. People living in Gujrat refer to themselves as Gujratis, which sometimes leads to confusion with people from the Indian state of Gujarat which neighbors Pakistan. The major sources of livelihood among the Gujrat populace are agriculture and small industries.
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Haryana
Haryana (, , , ) is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. The name Haryana means the Abode of God from Sanskrit Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home), although it may also refer to the lush green landscape of the state (from Sanskrit harit meaning green).
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Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश ) is a state in Northern India. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,673 km²), and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. The literal meaning of Himachal Pradesh is Region of snowy mountains.
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Hindu Kush
The Hindu Kush is a 500-mile mountain range stretching between north-western Pakistan and eastern and central Afghanistan. The highest point in the Hindu Kush is Tirich Mir (7,708 m or 25,289 ft) in the Chitral region of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan.
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Hindustan
Hindustan (, , both Hindustān ) "Land of River Sindhu (Indus)", is one of the popular names of South Asia. Though the meaning of Hindustan has evolved over the years, after the partition of India it primarily refers to the Republic of India.
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Indus
http://wn.com/Indus -
Jagannath Temple
http://wn.com/Jagannath_Temple -
Jhelum River
:"Hydaspes" redirects here. For the historic battle, see Battle of the Hydaspes.
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Kangra district
Kangra is the most populous district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Dharamsala is the administrative headquarter of the district.
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Kashmir
Kashmir (Kashmiri: कॅशीर, کٔشِیر; Dogri: कश्मीर; Ladakhi: ཀཤམིར; Balti: کشمیر; Gojri: کشمیر; Poonchi/Chibhali: کشمیر; Shina: کشمیر; Uyghur: كەشمىر) is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range.
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Kasur
Kasur (Urdu/Punjabi: ), the capital of Kasur District and one of the oldest cities in Pakistan, ). Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and the India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony. Kasur district is surrounded at north by Lahore, at east and south by India, at southern west Depalpur tehsil of Okara district and at northern west Sheikhupura district. At east-southern border it is circled by the Sutlej River and at west-northern border of district the river Ravi flows. The famous man made forest Changa Manga is located at western direction of the city Kasur about 30 miles away.
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Kensington
Kensington is a district of west London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. An affluent and densely-populated area, its commercial heart is Kensington High Street and it contains the well-known museum district of South Kensington.
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Lahore
Lahore ({{lang-pa|, {{lang-ur|, ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The city lies along the Ravi River and is situated approximately from Wagah (the only road border crossing between India and Pakistan). Historically the main city of the undivided Punjab, Lahore has been a center of Muslim heritage since the Data Durbar is located here. It is often called the Garden of Mughals because of its rich Mughal heritage. It successively served as provincial/regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th century, the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are popular tourist attractions for the city. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Mughal-Gothic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office (GPO), the Lahore Museum, and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. Lahore is often referred to as the cultural heart of Pakistan, as it is the center of Pakistani arts, films and intelligentsia.
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Lancaster Gate
Lancaster Gate is a mid-19th century development in the Bayswater district of west central London, immediately to the north of Kensington Gardens. It consists of two long terraces of houses overlooking the park, with a wide gap between them opening onto a square containing a church. Further terraces back onto the pair overlooking the park and loop around the square. Until 1865 the terraces were known as Upper Hyde Park Gardens, with the name Lancaster Gate limited to the square surrounding the church. The development takes its name from Lancaster Gate, a nearby entrance to Kensington Gardens, itself named in honour of Queen Victoria as Duke of Lancaster.
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Monte Carlo
Monte Carlo (French: Monte-Carlo, Occitan: Montcarles, Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) is one of Monaco's administrative areas. The official capital is the city of Monaco, which is coterminous with the country itself.
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Multan
(Punjabi/{{lang-ur|, from ancient Sanskrit: Moolasthan) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province. Multan District has a population of over 4.5 million— It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore. & from Karachi.
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Nanded
Nanded (), (), (), is the second largest city in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. It is also headquarters of Nanded district in the Marathwada Division of the state. It is an important holy place for the Sikh faith and is famous for the Hazur Sahib Gurudwara.
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Orissa
Odisha (), or Orissa, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 at Kanika Palace, Cuttack, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Odia speakers. 1 April is therefore celebrated as Utkal Divas (Odisha Day).
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Peshawar
( Pekhawar/Peshawar, Hindko: Pishor, {{lang-ur|), is the capital of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative centre (but not the capital) for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. The Kushan king Kanishka, moved the capital from Pushkalavati (now called Charsadda in the Peshawar valley) to Purushapura in the 2nd century AD. The current name "Peshawar" may derive from the Sanskrit Purushapura (meaning "city of men") and is known as Pekhawar or Peshawar in Pashto and Pishor in Hindko. The area originally belonged to Gandhara and the eastern Iranian tribes of Scythian origin and later became part of the Kushan Empire empire. It gave its name to the Peshwari naan bread, one of the diverse genres of naan common in the curry houses of Great Britain. Briefly it also witnessed some Greek influence after which it saw the Arab conquest and rise of [[Islam]. Today it is one of the prime cities of Pakistan west of the river Indus.
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Ravi River
The Ravi (, , , ) is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India and Northeastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region (name of Punjab means "Five Rivers").
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Sutlej
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Varanasi
Varanasi (Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, ), also commonly known as Benares or Banaras (, , ' ) and Kashi (, , ' ), is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is regarded as a holy city by Buddhists and Jains, and is the holiest place in the world in Hinduism (and center of earth in Hindu Cosmology). It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and probably the oldest of India.
http://wn.com/Varanasi
- Alexander Burnes
- Anandpur Sahib
- Anglo-Gorkha war
- Attock
- Baisakhi
- Bala Hissar
- Balbhadra Kunwar
- Bannu
- Beas River
- British Empire
- British India
- Chandigarh
- Charat Singh
- Chenab
- Chhatrapati Shivaji
- Claude August Court
- Dewan Mokham Chand
- Dost Mohammad Khan
- Fakir Aziz-ud-din
- FATA
- Fateh Khan Barakzai
- First Anglo-Sikh War
- Gilgit
- Golders Green
- Gujranwala
- Gujrat
- Guru Gobind Singh
- Guru Nanak Dev
- Gurudwara
- Hari Singh Nalwa
- Harmandir Sahib
- Haryana
- Himachal Pradesh
- Hindi
- Hindu Kush
- Hindustan
- History of Punjab
- Hügel
- Indus
- Jagannath Temple
- Jahangir
- Jammu
- Jatt Sikh
- Jean-François Allard
- Jhelum River
- Jind Kaur
- Josiah Harlan
- Jung Bahadur
- Kabul river
- Kangra district
- Kanheya Misl
- Kashmir
- Kasur
- Kensington
- Kharak Singh
- Khyber Pass
- Koh-i-noor
- Lahore
- Lancaster Gate
- Maha Singh
- Mahan Singh Mirpuri
- Maharaja
- Maharaja Dalip Singh
- Maratha
- Mewar
- misl
- misls
- Misr Diwan Chand
- Monte Carlo
- Moti Ram
- Mulgrave Castle
- Multan
- Nabha
- Nanded
- Nau Nihal Singh
- Orissa
- Paolo Di Avitabile
- Pashtun people
- Persian language
- Peshawar
- Pothohar
- Punjab (India)
- Punjab (Pakistan)
- Punjab region
- Punjabi language
- Punjabi people
- Raj Kaur
- Rana dynasty
- Rana Pratap Singh
- Ranjit Singh
- Ravi River
- Sada Kaur
- Sangat Singh Saini
- Sansi
- Sarbat Khalsa
- Sati (practice)
- Sawan Mal
- secular
- Shah Mahmud
- Shahdera
- Sher Singh
- Shimla
- Sikh
- Sikh Empire
- Sikhism
- Sikhs
- Sophia Duleep Singh
- Sukerchakia
- Sukerchakia Misl
- Sulaiman
- Sutlej
- Tibet
- Varanasi
- Veer Singh Dillon
Singh, Ranjit Filmography
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Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale - Guru Nanak Ji - Dhan Sakhi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 111:25
- Published: 06 May 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Oct 2011
- Author: RajKaregaKhalsanet
www.RajKaregaKhalsa.Net http
http://wn.com/Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Dhaddrianwale__Guru_Nanak_Ji__Dhan_Sakhi
MAHARAJA - The Story of Ranjit Singh (trailer)
The film " MAHARAJA -- The story of Ranjit Singh " is adapted, dramatized and fictionalized for the screen from the life of the great warrior Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a prominent figure in the Sikh history. Our glorious history is a treasure for generations to come and this film is an effort towards it. This film is meant to be our tribute to the great warrior, who is one of the three lions in the Indian History.
http://wn.com/MAHARAJA__The_Story_of_Ranjit_Singh_trailer
Maharaja Ranjit Singh: A Sikh Maharaja
The Sikh Maharaja did a lot for his faith, he remained steadfast in his convictions and resisted the British invasion...
http://wn.com/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_A_Sikh_Maharaja
new babbu maan reply for Sant Ranjit Singh Dhadrianwale vs from
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 18 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 12 Nov 2011
- Author: convictedjatt
sabat surat badha hi gal kar reha e who gonna create contoversy ( argument ) for him tell plz?waiting for ? He done grte JOB for us like babbu maan ( BHAI GURPREET SINGH JI poem bebe ji ma sant ba na gaa ) We all r with u veer ji ( babbu maan & gurpreet sing )
http://wn.com/new_babbu_maan_reply_for_Sant_Ranjit_Singh_Dhadrianwale_vs_from
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 91:19
- Published: 17 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 14 Nov 2011
- Author: RajKaregaKhalsanet
www.RajKaregaKhalsa.Net Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddiranwale speaks about the Khalsa Panth.
http://wn.com/Sant_Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Dhaddrianwale
sant baba ranjit singh ji dhadrianwale 11(chinte vich nihan de sohne laal mata ji tere).mpg
sant baba ranjit singh ji dhadrianwale chinte vich nihan de sohne laal mata ji tere
http://wn.com/sant_baba_ranjit_singh_ji_dhadrianwale_11chinte_vich_nihan_de_sohne_laal_mata_ji_terempg
Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale - Saakhi - Naseera
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 147:58
- Published: 06 May 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Oct 2011
- Author: RajKaregaKhalsanet
www.RajKaregaKhalsa.Net http
http://wn.com/Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Dhaddrianwale__Saakhi__Naseera
Babbu Mann Vs Ranjit Singh and Tarsem Moranwali
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Published: 17 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 15 Nov 2011
- Author: PakhandiBaba1
WATCH BABA #1 IN A LIVE INTERVIEW ABOUT RANJIT SINGH AND TARSEM SINGH MORANWALI
http://wn.com/Babbu_Mann_Vs_Ranjit_Singh_and_Tarsem_Moranwali
Maharaja-The Story of Ranjit Singh
The film " MAHARAJA -- The story of Ranjit Singh " narrates the story of a warrior. The great warrior Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a prominent figure in Sikh history who established an independent " Khalsa Raj " for the first time in Punjab. This film does not merely depict the historical facts but it also projects the valor and sacrifice of the people of Punjab. This film also shows the origin of courage and royalty inherited in the people of Punjab " MAHARAJA - The story of Ranjit Singh " is about a boy, who grew up to be the Great King. He possessed an extra ordinary power, the quality without which the highest success cannot be attained. It wasn't an easy task to establish such a great and strong empire but Ranjit Singh made it possible. This way the film shows heroism of the people of Punjab and the glory of Punjab at its peak. This glorious history is a treasure for generations to come and this film is an effort towards it.
http://wn.com/Maharaja-The_Story_of_Ranjit_Singh
Bhai Ranjeet Singh Chandan - Kar Kirpa Kirpal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:56
- Published: 08 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 18 Oct 2011
- Author: RajKaregaKhalsanet
www.RajKaregaKhalsa.Net Ang 961 of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Maharaj salok mehlaa 5. Shalok, Fifth Mehl: kar kirpaa kirpaal aapay bakhas lai. Please grant Your Grace, O Merciful Lord; please forgive me. sadaa sadaa japee tayraa naam satgur paa-ay pai. Forever and ever, I chant Your Name; I fall at the feet of the True Guru. man tan antar vas dookhaa naas ho-ay. Please, dwell within my mind and body, and end my sufferings. hath day-ay aap rakh vi-aapai bha-o na ko-ay. Please give me Your hand, and save me, that fear may not afflict me. gun gaavaa din rain aytai kamm laa-ay. May I sing Your Glorious Praises day and night; please commit me to this task. sant janaa kai sang ha-umai rog jaa-ay. Associating with the humble Saints, the disease of egotism is eradicated. sarab nirantar khasam ayko rav rahi-aa. The One Lord and Master is all-pervading, permeating everywhere. gur parsaadee sach sacho sach lahi-aa. By Guru's Grace, I have truly found the Truest of the True. darsan daykh nihaal naanak pareet ayh. Gazing upon the Blessed Vision of Your Darshan, I am in ecstasy; this is what Nanak loves.
http://wn.com/Bhai_Ranjeet_Singh_Chandan__Kar_Kirpa_Kirpal
Bhai Ranjit Singh at Punjabi Radio USA (Reply to Avtar Singh Makkar)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 85:40
- Published: 14 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 21 Nov 2011
- Author: punjabiradiousa
Bhai Ranjit Singh Jathedar Shri Akal Takht Sahib at Punjabi radio USA talking about the allegation laid by Jathedar Avtar Singh Makkar on him for allegedly holding on to the Home provided to bhai ranjit Singh by SGPC Bhai Ranjit Singh Clarifies all the allegations and tell more about the working of SGPC
http://wn.com/Bhai_Ranjit_Singh_at_Punjabi_Radio_USA_Reply_to_Avtar_Singh_Makkar
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Published: 08 May 2008
- Uploaded: 15 Oct 2011
- Author: baljitsingh2122
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale in Seattle May 5,6 2008
http://wn.com/Sant_Baba_Ranjit_Singh
HEY NISHA 01 BY RANJIT SINGH GOSAIN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Published: 15 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Sep 2011
- Author: RANJITGOSAIN
HEY NISHA 01
http://wn.com/HEY_NISHA_01_BY_RANJIT_SINGH_GOSAIN
Babbu Mann's new song SANT baba Ranjit singh Dhadrian wale, baba Tarsem Singh Moranwali Controversy
Babbu Mann, Gurpreet singh poem reply, Babbu mann new song, Sant baba Ranjit singh Dhadrian wala, baba Tarsem Singh Moranwali Controversy, Ik baba nanak si from singh is better than king, boparaisudhar.com, babbu mann dharmik song, Miss pooja, punjabi dharmik song BEBE ji main sant banaga - Gurpreet singh canada, usa, punjab, india, uk, australia, boparai kalan, sudhar, mullanpur, raqba, hissowal , dhatt, pandori.
http://wn.com/Babbu_Mann's_new_song_SANT_baba_Ranjit_singh_Dhadrian_wale,_baba_Tarsem_Singh_Moranwali_Controversy
The Great Sikh Emperor Maharajah Ranjit Singh (Lion of Punjab)
The Panjab was the wealthiest province of the Mughal empire in the late 16th and 17th centuries. As the empire weakened in the 18th century, the Panjab was repeatedly invaded. Nadir Shah of Iran's invasion of 1738 dealt a particularly devastating blow to the Mughals. His troops swept through the Khyber Pass and across the Panjab plains to Delhi, laying waste to the capital and looting the imperial treasury. When he returned to Iran the following year he took with him historic jewels including the Koh-i nur diamond. Sikhism, meanwhile, had evolved from the original gentle emphasis given to it by Guru Nanak. Religious persecution meant that the Sikhs had to fight back in order to survive, and the formation of the Khalsa (Sikh brotherhood) helped create cohesive identity. By the 18th century, Sikhs had formed twelve loose groups, or misls, to protect themselves and their territories. The Afghans invaded the Panjab nine times between 1747 and 1769, and Mughal persecution was often brutal. Internal squabbles prevented the misls from uniting to control the region until the twelve-year-old Ranjit Singh became head of the Sukerchakia misl in 1792. By 1799 he had captured Lahore and, two years later, was proclaimed Maharaja of the Panjab in this former Mughal capital. By his death in 1839, the Sikh kingdom stretched over the Panjab Hills and Kashmir, over the Himalayas as far north as Ladakh. His rule was characterised by his tolerance, with Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims all holding <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Great_Sikh_Emperor_Maharajah_Ranjit_Singh_Lion_of_Punjab
Baba Ranjit Singh About New Punjabi Song 2011 Gurminder Guri
Gurminder Guri New Songs Darda Baba Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale ( Darda Baba Lal Batti ) - ਡਰਦਾ ਬਾਬਾ ਲਾਲ ਬੱਤੀ ਗੱਡੀ ਤੋਂ 'ਤਾਰ ਗਿਆ....ਗੁਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਗੁਰੀ About New Punjabi Song 2011 Gurminder GurI a + Nahin Tere Jeh , songs,Punjab2000.com ,best punjabi bhangra songs (DILJIT) HD ,Series of Punjabi Bhangra Songs 2 ,power of bhangra SINGHS R KING,Best Punjabi Bhangra Song Ever By IMB Collection,Uk Bhangra ,Captain Bhangra Da,Amrinder Gill - Dildarian ,Jasbir Jassi - Teri yaad,Harbhajan Mann: Gallan goriyan,Bally Sagoo's new songs from upcoming album live,Beegees Stayin Alive Remix by Bally Sagoo,Bally Sagoo - Main Nahi Bolna (Remix) Beshak Mandir Masjid ,Bally Sagoo - Tere Jiya Hor Disda - Rishi Rich (Punjabi Music Video),punjabi sexyy song,bestofJ1 | July 16, 2010 | 54 likes, 31 dislikes ....thankyou for watching... ....rate comment & subscribe... 2Dark 3 Sisters AS Kang Abhijeet Abrar Ul Haq Achanak ADH Adnan Sami Ali Haider Aman Hayer Amar Arshi Amar Iqbal And Biba JaswinderJeetu Amar Noorie Amit Kumar Amit Rai Amit Virk Amolak Atwal Amrik Toofan Amrik Toofan And Harjit Mattu Amrinder Gill Amrit Saab Amrita Virk Anamika Angrez Ali Anita Samana Apna Group Apna Sangeet Arminder Gill AS Kang Asa Singh Mastana Asha Ashok Mastie Avtar Safri B21 Baaz Singh Baaz And Biba Sukhwinder S Babba Sidhu Babbu Gill Babbu Mann Baby Doll Backstreet Boys Bagga Safri And Kiranjoti Bagi Bains Balkar Ankhila Balkar Sidhu Bally Jagpal Bally Sagoo Balvir <b>...</b>
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Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Ji Dhadrian Wale - Hazur Sahib Yatra 2010 - 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:37
- Published: 15 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Nov 2011
- Author: PunjabiSingh123
Yatra Sachkhand Sri Hazur Sahib Ji Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Ji (Dhadrian Wale) Live Recording at Gurdwara Parmeshwar Dwar Sahib to Sachkhand Sri Hazur Sahib Ji (Year 2010-2011)
http://wn.com/Sant_Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Ji_Dhadrian_Wale__Hazur_Sahib_Yatra_2010__2011
MOHNA 01 BY RANJIT SINGH GOSAIN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Published: 06 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Sep 2011
- Author: RANJITGOSAIN
MEENA RANA
http://wn.com/MOHNA_01_BY_RANJIT_SINGH_GOSAIN
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Ji Dhadrian Wale - (Ludhiana) Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:58
- Published: 03 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Nov 2011
- Author: PunjabiSingh123
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Ji Dhadrian Wale Live recording at Lohara, Ludhiana on May 19, 2011
http://wn.com/Sant_Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Ji_Dhadrian_Wale__Ludhiana_Part_1
Sant Baba Ranjit Singh Ji (Dhadrian Wale) Fresno,CA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:53
- Published: 30 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Nov 2011
- Author: singaporevideo559
At Gurdwara Gur Nanak Parkash Fresno,CA To Free Download These Pictures, Please visit singaporevideophoto.com Thank You......
http://wn.com/Sant_Baba_Ranjit_Singh_Ji_Dhadrian_Wale_Fresno,CA
Baba Ranjit Singh Dhaddrianwale - Guru Maneyo Granth: Smagam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:53
- Published: 06 May 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Oct 2011
- Author: RajKaregaKhalsanet
www.RajKaregaKhalsa.Net http
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Sant Ranjit Singh Jee Khalsa Dhadrianwale (www.nirvair-khalsa.com) Interview-pt 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:51
- Published: 17 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Nov 2011
- Author: Sevadaar007
Sant Ranjit Singh Jee's interview by Jus Panjabi Channel Newyork 2010.. Khalsajee watch all four parts. Thanvaad App da. waheguru jee ka khalsa waheguru jee ke fateh jee www.nirvair-khalsa.com
http://wn.com/Sant_Ranjit_Singh_Jee_Khalsa_Dhadrianwale_wwwnirvair-khalsacom_Interview-pt_1
MAHARAJA - The Story of Ranjit Singh (teaser)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Published: 08 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 29 Oct 2011
- Author: jagjeetgolden
The film " MAHARAJA -- The story of Ranjit Singh " narrates the story of a great warrior Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a prominent figure in the Sikh history. This film shows heroism of the people of Punjab and the glory of Punjab at its peak. Our glorious history is a treasure for generations to come and this film is an effort towards it.
http://wn.com/MAHARAJA__The_Story_of_Ranjit_Singh_teaser
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BBC News
Two men have been jailed for the murder of a man found unconscious in a garden. Ranjit Singh, 55, was discovered outside a house in Mawnan Close, Exhall, in Warwickshire in June last year. He died a day later in...
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size: 1.4Kb
NZ Herald
John Key's Government can revoke Mara's visa and redeem itself, writes Thakur Ranjit Singh. Mere elections do not deliver democracy. An election that does not grant freedom, equality and social justice to all its citizens is not worth defending. Four and a half years ago - just after Commodore Frank...
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size: 7.6Kb
The Times of India
NEW YORK: An oil portrait of Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh by celebrated artist Sobha Singh fetched Rs 1.04 crore while a famous pearl canopy of Baroda sold for Rs 10.30 crore at a Sotheby's auction here. The total sale at the Indian and Southeast Asian Works of Art auction was $9,431,375, the...
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size: 2.4Kb
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Ranjit Singh Boparan's hopes of winning control of Northern Foods have been given short shrift by analysts despite the Goodfella's pizza to Fox's Biscuits maker leaving the door open to an offer from the chicken magnate. Revenues were dragged back by Northern Foods' Goodfella's pizza business,...
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Merinews
NINE YEAR old Lucknow based Aishwarya Sharma sent a letter on. 26-10-09 to the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister by speed post but the same did not reach the office of the Chief Minister. The PIO of CM office denied receipt of the said letter from Aishwarya. Aishwarya used RTI act and...
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In an interview with ET Now, Ranjit Singh , Whole Time Director & COO, Polyplex Corporation Ltd. , talked his company's internal revenue , profit , EBITDA, EPS guidance and the expansion plans. Excerpts: What are the current realisations and would there be price hikes? We announced a price increase...
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| Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
|---|---|
| name | Ranjit Singh |
| title | Maharaja of Punjab |
| reign | 12 April 1801 – 27 June 1839 |
| coronation | 12 April 1801 |
| othertitles | Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab)Maharaja of LahoreSarkar Khalsaji (Head of State)Napoleon of EastLord of Five Rivers |
| full name | Ranjit Singh |
| native lang1 | Punjabi: ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ |
| successor | Kharak Singh |
| father | Maha Singh |
| mother | Raj Kaur |
| birth place | Gujranwala |
| death date | 20 June 1839 |
| birth date | 13 November 1780 }} |
Early life
Ranjit Singh belonged to a Sikh clan of Northern India. He was born in Gujranwala, now in modern-day Pakistan, according to some historians, into a Jatt Sikh family and some that he was born into a Sansi Sikh family who were Sukerchakia misldars. As a child he suffered from smallpox which resulted in the loss of one eye. At the time, much of Punjab was ruled by the Sikhs under a Confederate Sarbat Khalsa system, who had divided the territory among factions known as misls. Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the Commander of the Sukerchakia misl and controlled a territory in the west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala. After his father's death he was raised under the protection of Sada Kaur of the Kanheya Misl. Ranjit Singh succeeded his father at the age of 18. After several campaigns, he conquered the other misls and created the Sikh Empire.
Ancestors of Ranjit Singh
The Maharaja
Ranjit Singh was crowned on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi). Sahib Singh Bedi, a descendant of Guru Nanak Dev, conducted the coronation. Gujranwala served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he shifted his capital to Lahore. Ranjit Singh rose to power in a very short period, from a leader of a single Sikh misl to finally becoming the Maharaja (Emperor) of Punjab.He then spent the following years fighting the Afghans, driving them out of the Punjab. He also captured Pashtun territory including Peshawar (now referred to as North West Frontier Province and the Tribal Areas). This was the first time that Peshawari Pashtuns were ruled by Punjabis. He captured the province of Multan which encompassed the southern parts of Punjab, Peshawar (1818), Jammu and Kashmir (1819). Thus Ranjit Singh put an end to more than a Hundred years of Muslim rule in Multan Area. He also conquered the hill states north of Anandpur Sahib, the largest of which was Kangra.
When the Foreign Minister of the Ranjit Singh's court, Fakir Azizuddin, met the British Governor-General of India, Lord Auckland, in Simla, Lord Auckland asked Fakir Azizuddin which of the Maharaja's eyes was missing, Azizuddin replied: "The Maharaja is like the sun and sun has only one eye. The splendor and luminosity of his single eye is so much that I have never dared to look at his other eye." The Governor General was so pleased with this reply that he gave his gold watch to Azizuddin.
Ranjit Singh's Empire was secular, none of the subjects were discriminated against on account of their religions. The Maharaja never forced Sikhism on his subjects.
Secular Sikh Rule
The empire of the Sikhs was most exceptional in that it allowed men from religions other than their own to rise to commanding positions of authority. Besides the Singh (Sikh), the Khan (Muslim) and the Misr (Hindu Brahmin) feature as prominent administrators. The Christians formed a part of the militia of the Sikhs. In 1831, Ranjit Singh deputed his mission to Simla to confer with the British Governor General, Lord William Bentinck. Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa, Fakir Aziz-ud-din and Diwan Moti Ram ― a Sikh, a Muslim and a Hindu representative ― were nominated at its head.
Wives of Ranjit Singh
Rani Mehtab Kaur of Town of Batala (Gurdaspur District) , Rani Raj kaur (d.1838) of Baherwal (Kasur District), Rani Rattan kaur and Rani Daya Kaur of Gujrat, Rani Chand kaur (d.1840) of Village Chainpur (Amritsar District), Rani Gulab Kaur (d.1838) of Village Jagdeo (Amritsar District), Rani Lachhmi Kaur of Vilage Jogki Khan (Gujranwala District), Rani Jind kaur (1817-1863) of Village Chachar (Gujranwala District), Rani Raj Banso Devi(d.1835)of Kangra Hill State.
Externally, everyone in the Sikh empire looked alike; they supported a beard and covered their head, predominantly with a turban. This left visitors to the Punjab quite confused. Most foreigners arrived there after a passage through Hindustan, where religious and caste distinctions were very carefully observed. It was difficult for them to believe that though everyone in the Sarkar Khalsaji looked similar, they were not all Sikhs. The Sikhs were generally not known to force either those in their employ or the inhabitants of the country they ruled to convert to Sikhism. In fact, men of piety from all religions were equally respected by the Sikhs and their ruler. Hindu sadhus, yogis, saints and bairagis; Muslim faqirs and pirs; and Christian priests were all the recipients of Sikh largess. There was only one exception – the Sikhs viewed the Muslim clergy with suspicion. Mullahs were not looked upon kindly, as they were known to fan fanaticism.
In their conquests, the Sikhs never perpetrated atrocities as by invaders into the sub-continent. It was true that the Sikhs held a grudge against the Afghans for the atrocities they had perpetrated, over decades, against them. Before them, the Mughals had hunted down the Sikhs like animals in the field. Every Sikh carried a price on his head. The Afghans had caused havoc and mayhem in the Punjab during the lifetime of both Ranjit Singh's father and grandfather. Despite that, during the rule of the Sikhs there were no reports of torture of the kind routinely inflicted upon the Sikhs by some of the Muslim rulers of Hindustan and subsequently by the Afghan invaders. The Sikhs were reportedly a most tolerant nation.
The Sikhs were never accused of the routine inhuman behavior attributed to the Muslims. In fact, they made every attempt not to offend the prejudices of Muslims noted Baron von Hügel, the famous German traveler, yet the Sikhs were referred to as being harsh. In this regard, Masson's explanation is perhaps the most pertinent:
"Though compared to the Afghans, the Sikhs were mild and exerted a protecting influence, yet no advantages could compensate to their Mohaomedan subjects, the idea of subjection to infidels, and the prohibition to slay kine, and to repeat the azan, or summons to prayer".
Hinduism emphasizes the sanctity of cows, which has carried over into Sikhism. The ban on cow slaughter was universally imposed in the Sarkar Khalsaji.
The Sikhs never razed places of worship to the ground belonging to the enemy. The Sikhs were utilitarian in their approach. Marble plaques removed from Jahangir's tomb at Shahdera were used to embellish the Baradari inside the Fort of Lahore, while the mosques were left intact. Forts were destroyed however, these too were often rebuilt ― the best example being the Bala Hissar in Peshawar, which was destroyed by the Sikhs in 1823 and rebuilt by them in 1834.
Gurdwaras built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
At the Harmandir Sahib, much of the present decorative gilding and marblework date back from the early 19th century. The gold and intricate marble work were conducted under the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Punjab. The Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of the Punjab) was a generous patron of the shrine and is remembered with much affection by the Sikhs. Maharaja Ranjit Singh deeply loved and admired the teachings of the Tenth Guru of Sikhism Guru Gobind Singh, thus he promoted the teachings of the Dasam Granth (the Tenth Granth) and built two of the most sacred temples in Sikhism. These are Takht Sri Patna Sahib, the birth place of Guru Gobind Singh, and Takht Sri Hazur Sahib, the place where Guru Gobind Singh took his final rest or mahasamadhi, in Nanded, Maharashtra in 1708.
Ranjit Singh's Generals
Ranjit Singh encircled himself with an array of strong generals and soldiers. They were men from different clans, castes and regionsThese included:
Among his European Mercenary Generals were:
Americans of note:
Conquests
Ranjit Singh's earliest conquests as a young misldar (baron) were effected by defeating his coreligionists, the heads of other Sikh Sardaris (popularly known as the Misls). By the end of his reign, however, he had conquered vast tracts of territory strategically juxtaposed between the limits of British India to the left and the powerful Afghan Empire to the right. The land that eventually became the Kingdom of the Sikhs had been ruthlessly subjected to the worse kind of atrocities by invading armies coming through the Khyber Pass into the Indian sub-continent, over eight centuries.
In 1799, Ranjit Singh captured Lahore and made it his Capital. After the capture of Lahore, Ranjit Singh rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab, the land of the five rivers. Having accomplished this, he extended his empire further north and west to include the Kashmir mountains and other Himalayan kingdoms, the Sind Sagar Doab, the Pothohar Plateau and trans-Indus regions right up to the foothills of the Sulaiman and Hindu Kush mountains.
Ranjit Singh took Amritsar from the Bhangi Sardari and followed this with the more difficult conquest of Kasur, the fabled twin city of Lahore, from the Pathans. With the conquest of Multan the whole Bari Doab came under his sway. In the year 1819, Ranjit Singh successfully annexed Kashmir. This was followed by subduing the Kashmir mountains, west of the river Jhelum (today, Hazara in Pakistan and Pakistan Administered Kashmir). Ranjit Singh built his empire by making deep inroads into the Kingdom of Kabul, defeating the Pashtun militia and the tribes inhabiting the Sindh Sagar Doab and trans-Indus regions.
The most significant encounters between the Sarkar Khalsaji and the Afghans were fought in 1813, 1823, 1834 and in 1837. In 1813, Ranjit Singh's general Dewan Mokham Chand led the Sikh forces against the Afghan forces of Shah Mahmud led by Fateh Khan Barakzai. Following this encounter, the Afghans lost their stronghold at Attock. Subsequently, the Pothohar plateau, the Sindh Sagar Doab and Kashmir came under Sikh rule. In 1823, Ranjit Singh defeated a large army of Yusafzai tribesmen north of the Kabul river, while the presence of his Sikh general, Hari Singh Nalwa prevented the entire Afghan army from crossing this river and going to the aid of the Yusafzais at Nowshera. This defeat led to the gradual loss of Afghan power in the trans-Indus region. In 1834, when the forces of the Sarkar Khalsaji marched into Peshawar, the ruling Barakzais simply fled the place without offering a fight. In April 1837, the real power of Maharaja Ranjit Singh came to the fore when his commander-in-chief, Hari Singh Nalwa, kept the entire army of Amir Dost Mohammad Khan, the Wali of Kabul, at bay, with a handful of forces till reinforcements arrived from Lahore over a month after they were requisitioned.
Geography of the Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire was also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, and Sarkar Khalsaji, was a region straddling the border into modern-day People's Republic of China and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan then popularly referred to as the Kingdom of Cabul. The name of the region "Punjab" or "Panjab", comprises two words "Punj/Panj" and "Ab", translating to "five" and "water" in Persian. When put together this gives a name meaning "the land of the five rivers", coined due to the five rivers that run through the Punjab. Those "Five Rivers" are Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum, all tributaries of the river Indus, home to the Indus Valley Civilization that perished 3000 years ago. Punjab has a long history and rich cultural heritage. The people of the Punjab are called Punjabis and they speak a language called Punjabi. The following modern day political divisions made up the historical Sikh Empire:
Punjab region till Multan in south
Kashmir, conquered in 1818, India/Pakistan/China
Legacy and aftermath
Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839, after a reign of nearly forty years, leaving seven sons by different queens. He was cremated. His ceremony was performed by both Sikh and Hindu priests, his wife Maharani Mahtab Devi Sahiba, the Princess of Kangra, daughter of Maharaja Sansar Chand, the Empress of Punjab, committed Sati with Ranjit's body as Ranjit's head lay in her lap, some of the other wives also joined her and committed Sati. The throne went to his eldest son Kharak Singh, who, as it soon became evident, was not entirely fit and prepared for ruling such a vast empire. A fit successor would have forged an even more durable, independent and powerful empire.The empire began to crumble due to poor governance and political infighting among his heirs . The princes died through internal plots and assassinations, while the nobility struggled to maintain their power.
In 1845 after the First Anglo-Sikh War, Ranjit Singh's Empire was defeated and all major decisions were managed by the British East India Company. The Army of Ranjit Singh was reduced, under the peace treaty with the British, to a nominal force. Those who gave the stiffest resistance to the British were severely punished and their wealth confiscated. Eventually, Ranjit Singh's youngest son Dalip Singh, was crowned Maharaja of Punjab in 1843 succeeding his brother, Maharaja Sher Singh. In 1849, at the end of the Second Anglo Sikh War, it was annexed by British India from Dalip. Thereafter, the British took Maharaja Dalip Singh to England in 1854, where he was put under the protection of the Crown. Dalip Singh's mother, Maharani Jind Kaur, escaped and made her way to Nepal where she was given refuge by Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal, who then negotiated on her behalf to allow her to be reunited with her son. Maharani Jind Kaur and her son met at Spence's Hotel, Calcutta, on 16 January 1861, after some thirteen and half years apart. She was granted permission to come to England. A residence was taken up at No. 1 Lancaster Gate (now No. 23). Jind Kaur stayed for a short while at Mulgrave Castle, later she was placed in the charge of an English lady at Abingdon House, Kensington. On the morning of 1 August 1863, Maharani Jind Kaur died peacefully. Her body was temporarily housed at London's Kensal Green Cemetery, and in the spring of 1864, Duleep Singh left for India and arranged for the cremation of her body. In the spring of 1864, Maharani Jind Kaur was cremated at Nasik in Bombay on the Panchvati side of the river. The authorities would not allow Dalip Singh to cremate his mother in the Punjab. On the left bank the Maharaja erected a small samadh built as a memorial in the memory of his mother. For a number of years the Kapurthala State Authorities maintained the memorial until 1924, when her remains were dug out and brought to Lahore by her granddaughter, Princess Bamba Sutherland, and deposited at the Samadh of Maharajah Ranjit Singh.
Dalip Singh was converted to Christianity in his youth, upon reuniting with his mother during his adult years, he reconverted to Sikhism, he then petitioned the Crown to have his kingdom returned. He never received any justice or the respect he deserved. He died in 1893, in Paris, France.
Maharajah Dalip Singh had three sons. The eldest Prince Victor was born on 10 July 1866, followed by Prince Frederick in 1868, and then Prince Albert Edward Alexander Dalip Singh (died at the age of thirteen), who was born on 20 August 1879.
Prince Victor Albert Jay Dalip Singh was Maharajah Dalip Singh's eldest son. He was honourable A.D.C. to Lord Halifax, and was promoted to Captain in 1894, but his military career, however, was a shambles, his interest lay in other things and he resigned in 1898. During the First World War, he was ordered to remain in Paris and not to leave, but shortly after the war ended, Prince Victor died on 7 June 1918, without any issue.
Princess Sophia, the youngest of the Maharajah's daughters. On 22 August 1948, Princess Sophia died in her sleep. Her solicitor arranged for her cremation at Golders Green on 26 August. It was her request that her ashes be taken to India for burial.
Princess Catherine was born on 27 October 1871, and was named Catherine Hilda Dalip Singh. Princess Catherine died peacefully in her bed on the night of Sunday 8 November 1942 at her home in Penn, aged seventy-one. The cause of death was said to be heart failure. She was cremated.
Princess Ada Irene Helen Beryl Dalip Singh, born on 25 October 1889. Tragically on 8 October 1926, she committed suicide, local fishermen dragged her body from the sea, off Monte Carlo. She was apparently much aggrieved with the death of her brother Prince Frederick who had died two months earlier.
Princess Pauline Alexandrina Dalip Singh, born 26 December 1887, her death was unrecorded, she disappeared in war-torn France during the Second World War.
Princess Bamba Sutherland (Princess Bamba Sofia Jindan Dalip Singh) was born on 29 September 1869 in London, a year after her brother Prince Frederick. In England, Princess Bamba began styling herself as the Queen of Punjab. She was truly her father's daughter and had her father's rebellious nature and seemed to be the more aggrieved one among her siblings. She was the most affected at the realisation of who she was and her ancestry. She was often visited by her cousin Karl Wilhelm, grandson of Ludwig Muller, at Hilden Hall, by which time she was already dreaming of going back to India in order to die there. In his memoirs Karl Wilhelm referred to Princess Bamba as 'the true heiress of Ranjit Singh' meaning that she was most conscious of the actual desperate situation of the whole family. 'She considered the Punjab and Kashmir as the lost possession of her family and was absolutely furious when the border between Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Punjab.' In Princess Bamba's eyes, Pakistan or India did not exist, there was just the Punjab and its capital Lahore. She met distant relatives throughout her travels in India, trying to grasp one last glimpse of the glory that she was denied. She located the families of Wazir Ishwari Singh Katoch of Kangra and Hari Singh Nalwa, both residing in Nabha at the time. She met members of several Hindu and Sikh royal families in an attempt to prevent the division of her grandfather's empire.
On 10 March 1957, Princess Bamba, the daughter of Maharaja Dalip Singh, died of heart failure at the age of eighty-nine. She had outlived her entire family and the final chapter of a tragic family was completed and finally laid to rest. Her funeral was conducted in a Christian ceremony in Lahore. The rites were witnessed by a select few Pakistani dignitaries, the Pakistani authorities did not allow any of her distant relatives to attend, Sikh or Hindu, nor were any Sikhs in Pakistan allowed to attend her rites, thus no Sikh was present at Princess Bamba's funeral, the last of Dalip Singh's line. Maharaja Ranjit Singh is remembered for uniting the Punjab as a strong nation and his possession of the Koh-i-noor diamond. Ranjit Singh willed the Koh-i-noor to Jagannath Temple in Puri, Orissa while on his deathbed in 1839. His most lasting legacy was the golden beautification of the Harmandir Sahib, most revered Gurudwara of the Sikhs, with marble and gold, from which the popular name of the "Golden Temple" is derived.
He was also known as "Sher-e-Punjab" which means the "Lion of Punjab" and is considered one of the three lions of modern India, the most famous and revered heroes in Indian subcontinent's history. The other lions are Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar and Chhatrapati Shivaji, the great Maratha ruler. The title of "Sher-e-Punjab" is still widely used as a term of respect for a powerful man.
Captain William Murray's memoirs on Maharaja Ranjit Singh's character:
Ranjit Singh has been likened to Mehmet Ali and to Napoleon. There are some points in which he resembles both; but estimating his character with reference to his circumstances and positions, he is perhaps a more remarkable man than either. There was no ferocity in his disposition and he never punished a criminal with death even under circumstances of aggravated offence. Humanity indeed, or rather tenderness for life, was a trait in the character of Ranjit Singh. There is no instance of his having wantonly infused his hand in blood."
Many famous folk stories about Maharaja portray a leader and the inspiration Maharaja Ranjit Singh was. In one famous incident, when Maharaja was about to cross the badly flooded river near Attock (now in Pakistan and called Kabul River). One of Maharaja's generals reported this fact to Maharaja, saying that the river cannot be crossed and it is now an Atak (an obstacle in Hindi) for us. Maharaja retorted "eh Attock uhna lai atak hai, jehna de dillan wich atak hai" or "This river Attock is an obstacle for those, who have obstacles in their hearts", then crossed the river successfully. The army and other generals followed his lead.
Another famous folk story about the Maharaja is that he was accidentally hit by a stone thrown by a 5-year-old boy, who actually wanted to hit a fruit tree to knock down some of its fruit. When he was brought before the Maharaja, Ranjit Singh gave him a gold coin. He said, "How can I punish him for hitting me with a stone, when this tree will give him fruit for the same?"
Gallery
See also
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Category:History of Sikhism Category:Sikh Empire Category:Sikh warriors Ranjit Singh Category:Punjabi people Category:History of Punjab Category:Indian Sikhs Category:1780 births Category:1839 deaths
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