Group | Koreans한국인/조선인 |
---|---|
Poptime | 81,000,000 (est.) |
Regions | 50,062,000 (2009 est.) 24,051,218 (2009 est.) |
Region1 | |
Pop1 | 2,336,771 |
Ref1 | |
Region2 | |
Pop2 | 2,102,283 |
Ref2 | |
Region3 | |
Pop3 | 904,512 |
Ref3 | |
Region4 | |
Pop4 | 223,322 |
Ref4 | |
Region5 | |
Pop5 | 222,027 |
Ref5 | |
Region6 | |
Pop6 | 175,939 |
Ref6 | |
Region7 | |
Pop7 | 125,669 |
Ref7 | |
Region8 | |
Pop8 | 115,400 |
Ref8 | |
Region9 | |
Pop9 | 103,952 |
Ref9 | |
Region10 | |
Pop10 | 88,120 |
Ref10 | |
Region11 | |
Pop11 | 48,419 |
Ref11 | |
Region12 | |
Pop12 | 45,295 |
Ref12 | |
Region13 | |
Pop13 | 40,370 |
Ref13 | |
Region14 | |
Pop14 | 31,760 |
Ref14 | |
Region15 | |
Pop15 | 31,248 |
Ref15 | |
Region16 | |
Pop16 | 30,792 |
Ref16 | |
Region17 | |
Pop17 | 22,024 |
Ref17 | |
Region18 | |
Pop18 | 19,420 |
Ref18 | |
Region19 | |
Pop19 | 14,738 |
Ref19 | |
Region20 | |
Pop20 | 14,580 |
Ref20 | |
Region21 | |
Pop21 | 13,509 |
Ref21 | |
Region22 | |
Pop22 | 13,001 |
Ref22 | |
Region23 | |
Pop23 | 12,072 |
Ref23 | |
Region24 | |
Pop24 | 9,921 |
Ref24 | |
Region25 | |
Pop25 | 8,337 |
Ref25 | |
Region26 | |
Pop26 | 5,229 |
Ref26 | |
Region27 | |
Pop27 | 4,772 |
Ref27 | |
Region28 | |
Pop28 | 4,203 |
Ref28 | |
Region29 | |
Pop29 | 3,949 |
Region30 | |
Pop30 | 3,647 |
Region31 | |
Pop31 | 3,158 |
Region32 | |
Pop32 | 3,114 |
Region33 | |
Pop33 | 2,365 |
Region34 | |
Pop34 | 2,323 |
Region35 | |
Pop35 | 2,249 |
Region36 | |
Pop36 | 2,247 |
Region37 | |
Pop37 | 2,141 |
Region38 | |
Pop38 | 2,014 |
Region39 | |
Pop39 | 1,780 |
Region40 | |
Pop40 | 1,762 |
Region41 | |
Pop41 | 1,722 |
Region42 | |
Pop42 | 1,495 |
Region43 | |
Pop43 | 1,434 |
Region44 | |
Pop44 | 1,418 |
Region45 | |
Pop45 | 1,396 |
Region46 | |
Pop46 | 1,265 |
Region47 | |
Pop47 | 1,146 |
Region48 | |
Pop48 | 1,058 |
Region49 | |
Pop49 | 1,053 |
Region50 | |
Pop50 | 1,046 |
Region51 | |
Pop51 | 1,034 |
Langs | Korean speakers: 78 million (1999 est.) |
Rels | Korean Buddhism, Korean Christianity, Muism (Korean Shamanism), Cheondoism. Large non-religious and atheist segment. Background of Korean Confucianism.}} |
The Korean people are an ethnic group originating in the Korean peninsula and Manchuria. Koreans are one of the most ethnically and linguistically homogeneous groups in the world.
Korean males also exhibit a moderate frequency of Haplogroup C3. Haplogroup C3 is thought to be the original inhabitants of the area related to the Nivkh people.
A 2010 paper on Korean genetics found that, out of the East Asians, the Koreans are the most genetically distant to the Africans. In the same study, Koreans clustered mostly with the Japanese and Beijing/Jilin Chinese populations, however a significant number of Koreans were found to form a cluster away from the Chinese and Japanese. The authors suggested that this cluster were Koreans with significant Siberian admixture, and was observed mainly in Koreans from the Gyeongsang regions.
A genetic admixture model found that central Asian Altaic admixture was prevalent in Koreans, whereas it was relatively absent in Han Chinese from Beijing and the Japanese. This suggests that the main direction of Altaic gene flow into Northeast Asia was from Central Asia into the Korean peninsula via Manchuria. The lack of central Asian Altaic admixture in the Japanese suggests the existence of a founder effect, when migrants from Korea crossed to Japan. It is well documented that the main migrants from the Korean peninsula into Japan came from Baekje or Silla. Jongsun Jung et al. reported that the Koreans from central, west and east regions have the highest amount of central Asian Altaic admixture, whereas Koreans from the southwestern tip of Jeju Island reported the least. This is in concordance with the fact that the Korean kingdom of Koguryo was situated in the central and northern parts of the Korean peninsula and Manchuria.
Another recent paper done in 2009 found that the Koreans had the lowest percentage of Austronesian DNA among the East Asians, while the Han Chinese had the most. The Japanese were found to have slightly more Austronesian DNA than the Koreans.
Within South Korea, the most important regional difference is between the Yeongnam region, embracing Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces in the southeast, and the Honam region, embracing Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do provinces in the southwest. The two regions, separated by the Sobaek Mountains, nurture a rivalry said to reach back to the Three Kingdoms Period, which lasted from the fourth century to the seventh century A.D., when the kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla struggled for control of the peninsula.
Observers noted that interregional marriages are rare, and that as of 1990, a new four-lane highway completed in 1984 between Gwangju and Daegu, the capitals of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do, was unsuccessful in promoting travel between the two areas.
South Korea's political elite, including presidents Park Chung-hee, Chun Doo-hwan, and Roh Tae-woo, have come largely from the Yeongnam region. As a result, Yeongnam has been a special beneficiary of government development assistance. By contrast, historically the Honam region has remained comparatively rural and undeveloped. Regional social disturbances intensified in the May 1980 Gwangju Democratization Movement or 5.18 Democratization Movement, in which about 200 and perhaps many more College students and citizens of the Gwangju were killed by Chun Doo-hwan's troops who were sent to quell demonstrations of students and citizens against the government and the military regime. And even Chun Doo-hwan made the Gwangju Democratization Movement distorted as if it had been the infiltration of communism by controlling the media. The demonstrations against the military regime occurred all over the country, but only Gwangju was heavily damaged. Because GNP (Grand National Party) stems from the military regime, the people of Honam don't vote for GNP in most elections.
Regional stereotypes, like regional dialects, have been breaking down under the influence of centralized education, nationwide media, and the several decades of population movement since the Korean War. Stereotypes remain important, however, in the eyes of many South Koreans. For example, the people of Gyeonggi-do, surrounding Seoul, are often described as being cultured, and Chungcheong people, inhabiting the region embracing Chungcheongbuk-do and Chungcheongnam-do provinces, are thought to be mild-mannered, manifesting true yangban virtues. The people of Gangwon-do in the northeast were viewed as farmers in a rural, countryside area, while Koreans from the northern provinces of Pyongan, Hwanghae, and Hamgyong, now in North Korea, are perceived as being diligent and aggressive. Jeju-do is known for its strong-minded and independent women.
In 1989 the Central Statistics Bureau released demographic data to the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) in order to secure the UNFPA's assistance in holding North Korea's first nationwide census since the establishment of the state in 1948. Although the figures given to the United Nations might have been distorted, it appears that in line with other attempts to open itself to the outside world, the North Korean regime has also opened somewhat in the demographic realm. Although the country lacks trained demographers, accurate data on household registration, migration, and births and deaths are available to North Korean authorities. According to the United States scholar Nicholas Eberstadt and demographer Judith Banister, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri (“village”, the local administrative unit) level in rural areas and the dong (“district” or “block”) level in urban areas.
Large-scale emigration from Korea began as early as the mid-1860s, mainly into the Russian Far East and Northeast China; these populations would later grow to nearly three million Koreans in China and several hundred thousand Koryo-saram (ethnic Koreans in Central Asia). During the Colonial Korea of 1910–1945, Koreans were often recruited and or forced into labour service to work in mainland Japan, Karafuto Prefecture, and Manchukuo; the ones who chose to remain in Japan at the end of the war became known as Zainichi Koreans, while the roughly 40 thousand who were trapped in Karafuto after the Soviet invasion are typically referred to as Sakhalin Koreans. Korean emigration to America was known to have begun as early as 1903, but the Korean American community did not grow to a significant size until after the passage of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965; as of 2007, roughly 2 million Koreans emigrants and people of Korean descent live in the United States.
The Los Angeles and New York City metropolitan areas in the United States contain the largest populations of ethnic Koreans outside of Korea. Significant Korean populations are present in China, Japan, and Canada as well. There are also Korean communities in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. During the 1990s and 2000s, the number of Koreans in the Philippines and Koreans in Vietnam have also grown significantly. Koreans in the United Kingdom now form Western Europe's largest Korean community, albeit still relatively small; Koreans in Germany used to outnumber those in the UK until the late 1990s.
The Korean population in the United States is a small share of the US economy, but it has a disproportionately favorable impact. Korean Americans have a savings rate double that of the average American and also graduate from college at a rate double that of the average American, providing a highly skilled and educated addition to the U.S. workforce. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's Census 2000 data, mean household earnings for Koreans in the U.S. were $59,981, approximately 5.1% higher than the U.S. average of $56,604.
Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats Category:Ethnic groups in Asia * * *
ar:كوريون az:Koreyalılar be:Карэйцы bg:Корейци ca:Coreans cs:Korejci de:Koreaner et:Korealased es:Etnia coreana eo:Koreoj fr:Coréens hak:Tsêu-siên-tshu̍k ko:한민족 hr:Korejci id:Bangsa Korea os:Корейаг адæм it:Coreani ka:კორეელები csb:Kòrejanë kk:Кәрістер lt:Korėjiečiai ms:Bangsa Korea mn:Солонгос үндэстэн nl:Koreanen ja:朝鮮民族 no:Koreanere pl:Koreańczycy ro:Coreeni ru:Корейцы sah:Кэриэйдэр sk:Kórejčania sh:Korejci fi:Korealaiset sv:Koreaner th:ชาวเกาหลี tr:Koreliler uk:Корейці vi:Người Triều Tiên wuu:朝鲜族 zh:朝鲜族This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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