Per Arab geographers, prior to Zaranj the capital of Sistan was Ram Shahristan (Abrashariyar). Ram Shahristan had been supplied with water by a canal from the Helmand River, but its dam broke, the area was deprived of water, and the populace moved three days' march to found Zaranj.
In 661, a small Arab garrison reestablished its authority in the region after having temporarily lost control due to skirmishes and revolts.
In the 9th century Zaranj was the capital of the Saffarid dynasty, whose founder was Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari.
A Nestorian Christian community is recorded in Zaranj in the sixth century, and by the end of the eighth century there was a Jacobite diocese of Zaranj.
The province has been one of the 7 (Nimruz, Helmand, Kandahar, Oruzgan, Ghazni, Paktika and Zabul) where the Taliban have been recently regrouping.
Due to its proximity to Iran, Persian artifacts and carpets or other merchandise are available in Zaranj. In addition, Iran recently received permission from the Afghan government to excavate the site of the Saffarid capital in Zaranj.
The city or town is served by Zaranj Airport.
Category:Nimruz Province Category:Populated places in Nimruz Province Category:Afghanistan–Iran border crossings Category:Saffarid dynasty Category:Sistan
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