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Unit name | Wojskowa Formacja Specjalna GROM im. Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej |
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Caption | Official GROM emblem |
Dates | July 8, 1990 - Present |
Country | Poland |
Branch | Polish Special Forces |
Type | Special Forces |
Role | Counter Terrorism, Direct Action, Unconventional Warfare |
Size | Said to be 270 to 300 men organised in squads of 4. |
Command structure | Before October 1, 1999: Polish Ministry of Interior October 1, 1999 - Current: Polish Army |
Current commander | Jerzy Gut |
Garrison | Warsaw, Gdańsk, Poland |
Nickname | GROM - Polish Operational Mobile Reaction Group "Thunderbolt" of the Cichociemni parachutists of Armia Krajowa (English version of Wojskowa Formacja Specjalna GROM im. Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej, rarely used)GROMGrupa Reagowania Operacyjno-Manewrowego |
Motto | Tobie Ojczyzno! (eng. For you Homeland !) |
Beret | grey |
Battles | 1994: Operation Uphold Democracy2001: 2001 Afghan War2003: Operation Iraqi Freedom |
Notable commanders | Sławomir Petelicki, Marian Sowiński, Roman Polko |
The unit's rarely used full, formal Polish name is: Wojskowa Formacja Specjalna GROM im. Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej (Special Military Formation GROM of the Dark and Silent Paratroopers of the Home Army), a reference to the undercover fighters of WWII. The acronym GROM is also related to the name of General Gromosław Czempiński. In Polish Army jargon, it is called JW 2305 (JW stands for Jednostka Wojskowa—Military Unit).
In 1989, many Jews were allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union to Israel. Poland was one of the handful of countries that provided aid in the form of organization for the operation, later dubbed Operation Bridge (Operacja Most). After two Polish diplomats were shot in Beirut, Lt. Col. Sławomir Petelicki was sent to Lebanon to secure the transfer of civilians and the Polish diplomatic outposts.
Upon his return to Poland, he presented his plan for the creation of a special military unit to the Ministry of Defense, a force that would be trained in special operations to be deployed in the defense of Polish citizens in situations similar to the one in Lebanon. Petelicki's ideas were well-received and on July 8, 1990, GROM was formally established as JW 2305.
Out of the possible recruits, only a small group passed the training. Many of these initial instructors were trained by the Special Forces of the United States and the United Kingdom. Currently, GROM is co-operating with similar units of other NATO countries:
During its formative first few years, GROM remained completely secret and hidden from the public. It was first reported to the press in 1992 and became known to the public in 1994, after their first major military operation in Haiti.
Before October 1, 1999, GROM was subordinate to the Polish Ministry of Home Affairs, after which time command was transferred to the military.
Candidates applying to serve in GROM have to pass psychological and durability tests, along with the so-called truth test, a physically and psychologically exhausting field test designed to filter out the weaker applicants. GROM soldiers train with the best special forces units in the world.
The training of GROM soldiers includes a variety of disciplines. All of them undergo the same specialized training in anti-terrorism and special operations, as well as scuba diving, sniping, and parachuting. In four-man teams, each soldier must be prepared to assume the respective responsibilities of his colleagues, should it become necessary. GROM has their basic Spec. Ops training provided by the Swedish Navy's Special Command for Tactical Operations based in Karlskrona. Sweden's primary Naval Base. Approximately 75% of GROM personnel are trained as medics or paramedics. In addition, each group is supported by several professional physicians. It is also assumed that all GROM operatives are proficient in at least two foreign languages.
Unlike special-purpose units subordinate to the police, GROM operatives are trained primarily in the elimination of targets rather than capture.
1992 - Assault on residence and arrest of one of the bosses of Art B (a political and economic scandal in Poland).
1994 - Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti.
1996 - UNTAES mission in Eastern Slavonia (East Croatia region) to arrest Slavko Dokmanović - they have since managed to arrest at least six more Yugoslavian war-criminals) .
1996 - Bodyguard duties during US ambassador W.G Walker's mission in Kosovo and Macedonia.
1999 - Bodyguard duties during US ambassador W.G Walker's mission in Kosovo and Macedonia.
2001 - Hunt for war criminals in Kosovo.
2001 - Recon mission in Afghanistan before the arrival of Polish troops.
2002 - Mission in Afghanistan (VIP bodyguarding and base protecting duties).
2002 - Mission in Persian Gulf. Maritime Interdiction Operations.
2003 - GROM soldiers took part in the Operation Iraqi Freedom. Also operated in Iraq after May, 2003.
Heckler & Koch USP and Heckler & Koch Mark 23 Heckler & Koch PSG1 FN F2000 Tactical - DEVGRU - Sayeret Matkal - Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG9)
Category:Counter-terrorist organizations Category:Special forces of Poland
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