Coordinates | 38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N |
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Name | Standard Hindi |
Nativename | Mānak Hindī |
Imagecaption | The word "Hindi" in Devanagari script |
Familycolor | Indo-European |
States | India, Mauritius and significant communities in USA, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Myanmar, Canada, Nepal, Afghanistan, South Africa, Uganda, New Zealand |
Speakers | 180 million native in 1991 |
Fam2 | Indo-Iranian |
Fam3 | Indo-Aryan |
Fam4 | Central zone |
Fam5 | Western Hindi |
Fam6 | Khariboli |
Fam7 | Hindustani |
Script | Devanagari |
Nation | |
Agency | Central Hindi Directorate (India) |
Iso1 | hi |
Iso2 | hin |
Linglist | hin-hin |
Lingua | 59-AAF-q (with Urdu,including 58 varieties: 59-AAF-qaa to 59-AAF-qil) |
Notice | Indic}} |
Modern Hindi is mutually intelligible with the alternative register of the Hindustani language called Urdu. Mutual intelligibility decreases in literary and specialized contexts which rely on educated vocabulary. Because of religious nationalism since the partition of British India and continued communal tensions, native speakers of both Hindi and Urdu frequently assert them to be completely distinct languages, despite the fact that they generally cannot tell the colloquial languages apart. The combined population of Hindi and Urdu speakers is the fourth largest in the world. However, the number of native speakers of Standard Hindi is still ambiguous. According to the 2001 Indian census, 258 million people in India regarded their native language to be "Hindi". However, this includes large numbers of speakers of Hindi dialects besides Standard Hindi; as of 2009, the best figure Ethnologue could find for Khariboli Hindi was a dated 1991 figure of 180 million. Hindi is also enumerated as one of the twenty-two languages of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which entitles it to representation on the Official Language Commission. The Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English to be the two languages of communication for the Central Government. Most of government documentation is prepared in three languages English, Hindi and the local state language.
It was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the central government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), They include words inherited from Sanskrit via Prakrit which have survived without modification (e.g. Hindustani nām/Sanskrit nāma, "name"), as well as forms borrowed directly from Sanskrit in more modern times (e.g. prārthanā, "prayer"). Pronunciation, however, conforms to Hindi norms and may differ from that of classical Sanskrit. Among nouns, the tatsam word could be the Sanskrit uninflected word-stem, or it could be the nominative singular form in the Sanskrit nominal declension. Ardhātatsam (अर्धातात्सम्) words: These are words that were borrowed from Sanskrit in the middle Indo-Aryan or early New Indo-Aryan stages. Such words typically have undergone sound changes subsequent to being borrowed. Tadbhav (तद्भव / born of that) words: These are words which are spelled differently from Sanskrit but are derivable from a Sanskrit prototype by phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit karma, "deed" becomes Pali kamma, and eventually Hindi kām, "work").
In its non-Sanskritized form, the Khariboli-based dialect is the normal and principal dialect used in the Hindi cinema. It is almost exclusively used in contemporary Hindi television serials, songs, education, and of course, in normal daily speech in almost all the urban regions of north India, wherever Hindi is also the state language. The rural dialect varies from region to region.
ఘబబభయ
* Category:Hindustani Category:Indo-Aryan languages Category:Languages of India Hindi
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N |
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Name | Hindi Zahra |
Caption | Zahra at the Nice Jazz Festival 2010 |
Background | solo_singer |
Alias | Zahra Hindi |
Origin | Khouribga, Morocco |
Born | 1979 |
Instrument | Vocalist |
Genre | Berber musicPopSoulJazzFolkBluesWorld music |
Occupation | Musician |
Years active | 2009–present |
Website | www.hindi-zahra.com |
Hindi Zahra grew up with her Moroccan mother, a dancer and actress, in Khouribga, Morocco. She left school at age 15 and moved to Paris to her father, a former army member. At age 18 she worked at the Louvre. Besides that she wrote her first lyrics and melodies. Hindi Zahra is a self-taught multi-instrumentalist. By 2005 she had written about 50 songs of which Beautiful Tango, Oursoul, Try, and Stand Up were first released on the EP Hindi Zahra in 2009 and eleven songs were recorded on Hindi Zahra's first album which was released in January 2010 at the Jazz label Blue Note Records. The video to the opening song Beautiful Tango was made by French director Tony Gatlif. The song Stand Up was chosen for a commercial campaign by Western Union. In June 2010 she collaborated with French musician Blundetto on his debut album Bad Bad Things. In November 2010 Hindi Zahra won the Prix Constantin for Best Album. In February 2011 she won the Victoires de la Musique award for the best World music album
Hindi has drawn comparisons with Portishead, Manu Chao, Billie Holliday, Patti Smith, and Norah Jones.
Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:English-language singers Category:Moroccan female singers Category:French female singers Category:French people of Moroccan descent
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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