Circassians
- Order:
- Duration: 5:52
- Published: 20 Feb 2008
- Uploaded: 17 Aug 2011
- Author: Tuguj
Short history of the Circassians.
Circassians
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Abadzekh
Abadzekhs (; self-designation: адыгэ, абдзах, or adyghe, abdzakh) are a people of Adyghe branch.
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Abkhazians
http://wn.com/Abkhazians -
Circassian beauties
Circassian beauties is a term used to refer to an idealized image of the women of the Circassian people of the Northern Caucasus. A fairly extensive literary history suggests that Circassian women were thought to be unusually beautiful, spirited and elegant, and as such were desirable as concubines. This reputation dates back to the Ottoman Empire when Circassian women living in the Sultan's Imperial Harem started to build their reputation as extremely beautiful and genteel, and then became a common trope in Western Orientalism.
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Circassian cheese
http://wn.com/Circassian_cheese -
Circassian Coast
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Circassian diaspora
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Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars (sg. Qırımtatar, pl. Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg. Qırım, Qırımlı, pl. Qırımlar, Qırımlılar) are a Turkic ethnic group originally residing in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language. They are not to be confused with the Volga Tatars.
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Eurasian Avars
The European Avars, or Ancient Avars, were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit retinue of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turkic groups. Although the name Avar first appeared in the mid fifth century, the Avars of Europe enter the historical scene in the mid sixth century A.D., when they established a pax spanning considerable areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Avar rule persisted over much of the Pannonian Plain up to the early 9th century. Their ultimate fate is believed to have been assimilation by the invading Magyars (Hungarians).
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ficcin
http://wn.com/ficcin -
Frederic Shoberl
Frederic Shoberl (1775–1853), also known as Frederick Schoberl, was an English journalist, editor, translator and writer. Schoberl edited Forget Me Not, the first literary annual, issued at Christmas "for 1823" and translated The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
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Georges Catroux
Georges Catroux (29 January 1877 – 21 December 1969) was a French Army general and diplomat who served in both World War I and World War II, and served as Grand Chancellor of the Légion d'honneur from 1954 to 1969.
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Georgians
http://wn.com/Georgians -
Hashemites
http://wn.com/Hashemites -
Huns
The Georgians (, kartvelebi) are a South Caucasian people and nation mainly centered in Georgia. They also live in Turkey, Russia, the United States, Iran, and other countries.
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Imam Shamil
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Julius Klaproth
The Huns were a group of nomadic pastoral people who, appearing from beyond the Volga, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. Since De Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years earlier to the emergence of Huns, considerable scholarly effort has been devoted in investigating such a connection. However, there is no evidence for a direct connection between the dominant element of the Xiongnu and that of the Huns. A contemporary mentions that the Huns had a language of their own; very little of it has survived and its relationships have been the subject of debate for centuries. According to some theories, it was a Turkic language. Numerous other languages were spoken within the Hun pax including East Germanic. Their main military technique was mounted archery.
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Kabarday
Imam Shamil ( also spelled as Shamyl, Schamil, or Schamyl; ; 1797 – March 1871) was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus. He was a leader of anti-Russian resistance in the Caucasian War and was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1834-1859).
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Kabardey
Julius Heinrich Klaproth (1783–1835), German linguist, historian, ethnographer, author, Orientalist and explorer. As scholar, he is credited along with Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, with being instrumental in turning East Asian Studies into scientific disciplines with critical methods.
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Khazars
Kabarda or Kabard( ; ); are terms referring to a people of the northern Caucasus more commonly known by the plural term Kabardin (or Kebertei as they term themselves). Originally they (with the Besleney () tribe comprised the semi-nomadic eastern branch of what was once the Adyghe tribal fellowship. The Kabardin still consider themselves as a tribe of Adyghe. They speak Kabardian, a North West Caucasian language that represents the easternmost extension of the Circassian language group.
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Kyrgyz people
http://wn.com/Kyrgyz_people -
Mongols
The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century. The name "Khazar" seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering".
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Muhajir (Caucasus)
http://wn.com/Muhajir_(Caucasus) -
Ottoman Empire
The name Mongol (Mongolian: Mongγol; Cyrillic script: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia.
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Paul Legentilhomme
Several Muslim indigenous peoples of the northwest of the Caucasus were forced into exodus at the end of the Caucasian War by victorious Russia. The exodus was launched even before the end of the war in 1864 and it continued into the 1870s, although it was mostly completed by 1867. The peoples involved, mainly the Circassians (Adyghe in their own language), Ubykhs, Abkhaz, and Abaza. They became known as Muhajir (), literally "he who has left", i.e. emigrant, and the event as the Muhajirism.
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Pechenegs
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
http://wn.com/Pechenegs -
Pyotr Gruzinsky
Paul Legentilhomme (Paul Louis Le Gentilhomme) (1884–1975) was an officer in the French Army during World War I and World War II. After the fall of France in 1940, he joined the forces of the Free French. Legentilhomme was a recipient of the "Order of the Liberation" (Compagnon de la Libération).
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Sa`id al-Mufti
The Pechenegs or Patzinaks (, , , , , , ) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Turkic language family.
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Sheikh Mansur
Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky (; literally "Peter of Georgia"; 1837-1892) was a Russian artist of Georgian origin known for his paintings of battle scenes from the Caucasus War. He was a scion of the Mukhrani-Gruzinsky branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty that had moved to Imperial Russia in the 18th century.
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Tatar
Said Pasha al- Mufti (1898–1989) () was a Jordanian political figure of Circassian origin. He served as the prime minister of Jordan between 12 April 1950 and 4 December 1950, again from 30 May 1955 until 15 December 1955, and finally between 22 May 1956 and 1 July 1956. Mufti inhabited a house on Jabal Amman that became known for its architecture and was later dubbed the Al-Mufti House.
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Tatars
:''Not to be confused with Sheikh Mansour
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Turkic peoples
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Ubykh people
[[File:RuslanChagaev.jpg" />
Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic ethnic group numbering 10 million in the late 20th Century, including all subgroups of Tatars, such as Volga Tatars, and Lipka Tatars.
http://wn.com/Ubykh_people
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Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
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Beer ajam
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucas (also referred to as Caucasia, , , , (''K'avk'asia''), , , , , , , ) is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain (Mount Elbrus).
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Crimea
Crimea (), or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (, Avtonomna Respublika Krym; , Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym; , Къырым Мухтар Джумхуриети), is an autonomous republic under the jurisdiction of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name.
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Damascus
Damascus ( , commonly known as الشام ash-Shām also known as the "City of Jasmin" ) is the capital of Syria as well as one of the country's 14 governorates. The Damascus Governorate is ruled by a governor appointed by the Minister of Interior. In addition to being widely known as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant.
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Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
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Georgia (country)
Georgia (, sak’art’velo ; ) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is more than 4.6 million. Georgia's constitution is that of a representative democracy, organized as a unitary, semi-presidential republic. It is currently a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Community of Democratic Choice, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, and the Asian Development Bank. The country aspires to join NATO and the European Union.
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Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
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Hadera
Hadera (, '; , ') is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel approximately from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along off the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain. The city has a population of 77,100 which includes a high proportion of immigrants since 1990, notably from Ethiopia and the Soviet Union.
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Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
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Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
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Jordan
{{Infobox Country
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Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.
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Karachay-Cherkessia
Karachay-Cherkess Republic (; Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика; Kabardian: Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республикэ), or Karachay-Cherkessia () is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). The direct romanization of the republic's Russian name is Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika or Karachayevo-Cherkessiya.
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Kayseri
Kayseri (Ottoman Turkish: قیصریه; Greek: Καισάρεια/Kaisareia; Latin: Caesarea Mazaca, /Mažak), named in classical antiquity as Mazaka or Mazaca, Eusebia, Caesarea Cappadociae, and later as Kaisariyah, is a large and industrialized city in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is the seat of Kayseri Province. The city of Kayseri, as defined by the boundaries of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality, is structurally composed of five metropolitan districts, the two core districts of Kocasinan and Melikgazi, and since 2004, also Hacılar, İncesu and Talas. In conjunction with the addition of new districts and first stage municipalities into the metropolitan area, the city's population, which was 690,000 in 2000, is currently 911,984.
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Kayseri Province
The Kayseri Province, in central Turkey, is an area that has been linked with mythological stories as well as important figures in Turkish history. It is located in Anatolia, and surrounded by the Mount Erciyes, the Mount Hasan and the Mount Ali. The Ali mountain is named like that in honor of Ali Baba, who is said to have lived in the area.
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Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama (; ; ) is a town located in the lower Galilee, Israel, with a population of 2,900, largely Circassian.
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Kosovo
Kosovo (; ) is a disputed territory in the Balkans. The partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово, Republika Kosovo), a self-declared independent state, has de facto control over most of the territory, with North Kosovo being the largest Kosovo Serb enclave. Serbia does not recognise the unilateral secession of Kosovo and considers it a United Nations-governed entity within its sovereign territory, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Косово и Метохија, Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija), according to the 2006 Constitution of Serbia.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Libya
Libya ( ; Libyan vernacular: Lībya ; Amazigh: ), officially the '''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ( , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya'''), is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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Quneitra
Quneitra (also Al Qunaytirah, Qunaitira, or Kuneitra; ) is the largely destroyed and abandoned capital of the Quneitra Governorate in south-western Syria. It is situated in a high valley in the Golan Heights at an elevation of 1,010 metres (3,313 feet) above sea level. Quneitra was founded in the Ottoman era as a way station on the caravan route to Damascus and subsequently became a garrison town of some 20,000 people, strategically located near the ceasefire line with Israel. Its name is Arabic for "the little bridge".
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Rehaniya
Rehaniya (; ; Circassian: Рихьаные) is a predominantly Circassian village about 8 km north of Safed in northern Israel. It belongs to the Merom HaGalil Regional Council.
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Republic of Adygea
The Republic of Adygea (; ; , Adyge Respublik) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. Its area is with a population of 447,109. Its capital is Maykop.
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Republic of Turkey
http://wn.com/Republic_of_Turkey -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Samsun Province
Samsun is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast with a population of 1,209,137 (2000). Its adjacent provinces are Sinop on the northwest, Çorum on the west, Amasya on the south, Tokat on the southeast, and Ordu on the east. It's traffic code is 55.
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Sochi
Sochi (, ) is a resort city, situated in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, just north of the border of the disputed territory of Abkhazia (largely recognised as part of the Republic of Georgia), and the southern Russian border fronting the Black Sea. It sprawls along the shores of the Black Sea and against the background of the snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. At , Greater Sochi claims to be the longest city in Europe. As of the 2002 Census, it had a population of 328,809, down from 336,514 recorded in the 1989 Census. In 2006, the population was estimated to be 395,012. The city has been selected to be the host of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014. Sochi enjoys a humid subtropical climate-Mediterranean-type.
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Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Trabzon
:For the Ottoman Province of Trabzon, see Vilayet of Trabzon.
http://wn.com/Trabzon -
turkey
http://wn.com/turkey -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
- Abadzekh
- Abaza
- Abazin
- Abkhazians
- Adyghe language
- Ankara
- Arabic language
- aul
- beef
- Beer ajam
- Black Sea
- Bulgaria
- Burji dynasty
- Byzantine
- Bzhedugh
- California
- caste
- Caucasus
- Central Asia
- chicken
- Christianity
- Circassia
- Circassian beauties
- Circassian cheese
- Circassian Coast
- Circassian diaspora
- Circassian Genocide
- Circassian language
- Circassian music
- Circassians
- Cortaderia selloana
- Crimea
- Crimean Tatars
- Crimean War
- Dagestan
- dairy products
- Damascus
- deities
- diaspora
- Düzce Province
- Egypt
- ethnic cleansing
- Eurasian Avars
- ficcin
- flour
- Frederic Shoberl
- General
- genocide
- Georges Catroux
- Georgia (country)
- Georgia (nation)
- Georgians
- goddesses
- gods
- Greece
- Hadera
- Haliva
- Hanafi
- Hashemites
- Hatukay
- Hilt
- Honor guard
- humidity
- Huns
- Imam Shamil
- Iraq
- Islam
- Islamic law
- Israel
- Istanbul
- Italy
- Jordan
- Julius Klaproth
- Kabarday
- Kabardey
- Kabardian language
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Kayseri
- Kayseri Province
- Kfar Kama
- Khazars
- Kosovo
- Kosovo Adyghe
- Kyrgyz people
- landmark
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Major-General
- Malaria
- Mamluks
- marriage
- mat
- meat
- Mongols
- mountaineer
- Muhajir (Caucasus)
- Mutton
- Naqshbandi
- Nart saga
- Natukhai people
- New Jersey
- North Caucasus
- Old Style
- Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Turks
- Paul Legentilhomme
- Pechenegs
- polytheistic
- poplar
- Prayer rug
- Pyotr Gruzinsky
- Quneitra
- Rehaniya
- Republic of Adygea
- Republic of Genoa
- Republic of Turkey
- rifles
- Russia
- Russian Empire
- Russian language
- Russians
- Sa`id al-Mufti
- sabre
- Samsun Province
- Shapsug
- Shapsugh
- Shapsugs
- Shashka
- Sheikh Mansur
- silk
- Sochi
- South Asian
- Sufi Islam
- Sunni Islam
- Sunni Muslim
- sword
- Syria
- tariqa
- Tatar
- Tatars
- Trabzon
- Transjordan
- turkey
- Turkic peoples
- Turkish language
- Turkish people
- Ubykh
- Ubykh people
- United States
- Upstate New York
- vegetable
- velvet
May 21 | Circassians Remember
May 21, 2011 - Circassian activists in the United States demonstrate in New York City, peacefully demanding recognition of the Circassian Genocide, No Sochi Olympics on the Land of Genocide and a free Circassia now. This was a global partner to demonstrations in Istanbul, Amman, Haifa, Munich, Hamburg, Montreal, and other locations where Circassians and people with compassion demanded Circassian rights on the 147th anniversary of the Circassian Genocide.
Faith in the Holy Land - Circassians
This video takes you on a journey to the roots of monotheistic beliefs and portrays aspects of monotheism in the Holy Land in the twenty-first century. All faiths see Israel as the Holy Land and have special rituals and holy places that are sacred only to them. At the same time, what might constitute a ritual for a specific religion might not be regarded sacred by another. Are we able to look past these cultural differences and recognize that we are all human beings living symbiotically in the land of Israel? Over twenty religious leaders share their point of view and offer us a glimpse to their world, rituals, and way of life.
Continual Genocide Of Circassians
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Published: 06 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 13 Aug 2011
- Author: CircassianInstitute
Russia has started to released shows on their state-funded and operated television channels to hopefully spread misinformation about the Circassian issue. Here is a translated version of the show which is a good example of how they are willing to lie to cover up the truth. "The Circassians historically inhabited the whole northwestern Caucasus, including the Black Sea coast. During the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the nineteenth Century, the Circassians were exterminated and deported from their homeland to the Ottoman Empire on a mass scale. An estimated 90 percent of the Circassian population was killed, died of artificially imposed hardships or were sent into exile. After Moscow won the right to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, which was once Circassian land, the Circassian diasporas worldwide and in the North Caucasus started to campaign to attract the world's attention to their plight. One of the principal demands of the Circassians is for Moscow to affirm the right of the exiles' descendants to return to their historic homeland in the North Caucasus. So far, the Russian government has been very reluctant to allow any sizable immigration of the Circassians." Artem Shirkov, Aleksey Yaschikov, Andrey Popov Analytical program "Postscriptum" Propaganda Interviews by : 1) Mikhail Zalikhanov -- deputy of state Duma, a Hero of Socilist Labour. 2) Sergey Mikheyev -- head of the Center of political state of affairs. 3) Aleksander Chachiya - political scientist <b>...</b>
NYC - May 21, 2011 | Circassian Genocide Memorial Day
May 21, 2011 - Circassian activists in the United States demonstrate in New York City, peacefully demanding recognition of the Circassian Genocide, No Sochi Olympics on the Land of Genocide and a free Circassia now. This was a global partner to demonstrations in Istanbul, Amman, Haifa, Munich, Hamburg, Montreal, and other locations where Circassians and people with compassion demanded Circassian rights on the 147th anniversary of the Circassian Genocide.
Russian Propaganda Show "Postscriptum" (Circassian Issues) (English)
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- Duration: 9:51
- Published: 27 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Aug 2011
- Author: StopSochi2014
- http://wn.com/Russian_Propaganda_Show_Postscriptum_Circassian_Issues_English
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Russia has started to released shows on their state-funded and operated television channels to hopefully spread misinformation about the Circassian issue. Here is a translated version of the show which is a good example of how they are willing to lie to cover up the truth. "The Circassians historically inhabited the whole northwestern Caucasus, including the Black Sea coast. During the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the nineteenth Century, the Circassians were exterminated and deported from their homeland to the Ottoman Empire on a mass scale. An estimated 90 percent of the Circassian population was killed, died of artificially imposed hardships or were sent into exile. After Moscow won the right to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, which was once Circassian land, the Circassian diasporas worldwide and in the North Caucasus started to campaign to attract the world's attention to their plight. One of the principal demands of the Circassians is for Moscow to affirm the right of the exiles' descendants to return to their historic homeland in the North Caucasus. So far, the Russian government has been very reluctant to allow any sizable immigration of the Circassians." Artem Shirkov, Aleksey Yaschikov, Andrey Popov Analytical program "Postscriptum" Propaganda Interviews by : 1) Mikhail Zalikhanov -- deputy of state Duma, a Hero of Socilist Labour. 2) Sergey Mikheyev -- head of the Center of political state of affairs. 3) Aleksander Chachiya - political scientist <b>...</b>
May 21 Call to Action - Where is Circassia?
Call to ACTION! Ask Russia: Where is Circassia? The Circassian Genocide has been hidden from the world. It is the first genocide of modern European history that ripped Circassians from the coasts of Circassia. For Russia to build their empire they have chosen to destroy the people of Circassia and keep their land. Now 147 years later Circassians are organizing a global initiative against the Sochi Olympic Games. Sochi was the capital of Circassia and the main port where the whole nation was annihilated and forced into exile. Krasnaya Polyana is where the Olympic main venues will be held and that is the site where Russia declared victory over Circassia 150 years earlier. It's not just about memory, it's also about the continual crimes against humanity conducted by Russia against the Circassian nation, environmental destruction of a UNESCO World Heritage site, the corruption where the Sochi Games will cost $50 billion dollars and be the most expensive in history, and the annihilation of human rights in the region. We call upon not just Circassians but to all those who feel passion for humanity. We also ask all to call their local Russian Embassies/Consulates to ask: Where is Circassia?
The International Circassian Association conference in May 2011
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Excerpts from the International Circassian Association conference in Nalchik, KBR in May 2011
147th anniversary of Circassian genocide marked todayv
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147th anniversary of Circassian genocide marked today 147th anniversary of Russia`s genocide of Circassian people is marked today. On May 21, 1864 Russian troops destroyed most part of Circassian fighting for freedom and their kindred Ubykh people. Moscow later named Krasnaya Polyana the site where the fights were taking place. After the fights, the empire troops burnt down Circassian villages and exiled the 2467 families that survived to Turkey. Hundreds of children, women and old people died on the way to Turkey. After 1864, during a century and a half, The Circassian people had been urging Moscow and the world society to recognize the genocide but no results followed. Only Georgia`s parliament adopted the historic decision on Friday (May 20). Georgian lawmakers unanimously supported the document on Genocide of Small Caucasian Nation. According to the resolution, the Georgian lawmakers also urge for granting millions of Circassians refugee status. Representatives of Circassian Diasporas were also attending the historic voting in Georgia`s parliament yesterday. Georgian MPs along with experts had been working on researching the facts of genocide during one year. The document adopted by the Georgian parliament will be sent to parliaments of other countries as well.
Circassian Archeologists Dig the Remains of an Adyghe Hero
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Circassian archeologists dig the remains of an Adyghe hero, Nart Asren, the slayer of the Mongols invaders of Cherkessia circa 1395!
Voices of Circassians from May 21 2011 - Amman, Jordan (Part 1 of 2)
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Voices of Circassians who took part in the first May 21 standout in Amman, Jordan, in front of the Russian Embassy commemorating the 147th anniversary of the Circassian Genocide's tragic history. For more information, visit nosochi2014.com and http
circassians memorial in Georgia.wmv
circassians memorial in Georgia
Circassians bid to save ancient language
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Published: 14 May 2010
- Uploaded: 25 Jul 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Unesco has warned that half of all the languages spoken on the planet will are likely to disappear by the end of the century, and some say we all stand to lose once they are gone. There are more than 7000 languages currently spoken in the world - many aren't recorded and don't have a written form. Their loss could limit our knowledge about history, culture and nature. Nisreen El-Shamayleh reports on the Circassian diaspora in Jordan.
Matthew Light Speaks About Circassian Genocide And Issues With Russia
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- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 25 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 31 Jul 2011
- Author: StopSochi2014
- http://wn.com/Matthew_Light_Speaks_About_Circassian_Genocide_And_Issues_With_Russia
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Matthew Light voices his concerns on television in relation to the Sochi 2014 Olympics. His concerns include the impact on the local population, corruption, human rights abuse and the Circassian issue. The Sochi region, where the 2014 Winter Olympics will be held, was the center that the parliament of independent and free Circassia was gathering until 1864. After the Russian invasion it was not only the Circassians removed from their land but also all their cultural heritage and even their graves were completely destroyed. Today in the state museums of Sochi there is nothing displayed related to Circassians, the autochthonous people of that land for thousands of years. The real ancient history has now been re-written by Russia and hidden from the public. The public does not know that millions of Circassians were massacred around and in the site of Sochi. Instead Russia laughs at the public for their lack of knowledge with the plight of Circassians. They hope that most of humanity forgets about this indigenous people. But people are beginning to speak out... Russia's invasion resulted in millions of deaths and the forcible expulsion of those left alive. Currently over 90% of Circassians now live outside of their homeland. Russia has strict repatriation laws that will not allow any Circassian descendants back. This policy has only been enforced on Circassians but does not apply to other ethnic groups. Russia has silenced and oppressed any outspoken individuals who feel this <b>...</b>
Circassians in Jordan2. Ethno-linguistic identity and language maintenance.wmv
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Circassians in Jordan. Ethno-linguistic self-identification. Linguistic assimilation and intergenerational language transmission. Impact of the language instruction on the Circassian language maintenance. www.integrationresearch.net
Snippets from the Play: "The Great Circassian Exodus" [«ИСТАМБЫЛАКIУЭ»]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:29
- Published: 24 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 14 May 2011
- Author: CircassianMinstrels
- http://wn.com/Snippets_from_the_Play_The_Great_Circassian_Exodus_[«ИСТАМБЫЛАКIУЭ»]
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Zalimx'an Aqsire's classic verse drama "The Great Circassian Exodus" («ИстамбылакIуэ»; 1963) was one of the first literary works in Circassia to broach the taboo subjects of the Circassian tragedy and issue following the disastrous Circassian-Russian War (1763-1864). The theme would be later developed to become a full-blown genocide committed by Russia against the Circassian nation. Zalimx'an Aqsire (Акъсырэ Залымхъан; Залимхан Аксиров) was born on 16 May 1919 in the village of Zhanx'wetheble (now called "Psigwensu") in Eastern Circassia (Kabarda). He was one of the principal founders of modern Circassian dramaturgy in Kabarda. The famous dramaturge's principal works include the plays "Daxenaghwe" (1942), "Lashin" (1946), "Qizbrun" (1954), "'Ediyixw" (1969), "Andeimirqan" (1973), and "X'imsad". In his ground-breaking play "The Great Circassian Exodus" [ИстамбылакIуэ], he was a pioneer in revealing the full tragedy that befell the Circassians following the Circassian-Russian War [which had been assigned to oblivion]. However, to avoid censorship, the "evil-doers" in this horrible episode in human history were the English and Ottomans, and the Russians escaped responsibility. Nevertheless, if you judiciously substitute "the Russians" for "the English and Ottomans" in this work, then you will have a great masterpiece of Circassian drama and literature that is also of historical authenticity. This timeless work was set to music, with heart-rending songs, including the famous <b>...</b>
The Circassian Genocide - Stop The Sochi Olympics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Published: 20 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Jul 2011
- Author: StopSochi2014
Please support the No Sochi 2014 Campaign: www.nosochi2014.com http The Circassian Genocide happened between 1763 To 21, May, 1864 ended with the fall of Circassia after fierce fighting, and heroic defensive fight that Circassians took against the Russian invading army which lead to the total occupation of the North Caucasus. The fall of Circassia and other parts of the North Caucasus Region in the hands of the tyrants and savage Tsarist Russian armies that committed genocide and ethnic-cleansing against all invaded nations and amongst them the Circassian nation which was considered the biggest genocide of the nineteenth century, which was forgotten by later history. Millions were terrorized, massacred, displaced, or deported to a Diaspora that is as wide and as large as more than forty countries of the world. This genocide was known to be the blueprint for future genocides (armenian, holocaust) and one of the most brutal. The video was originally created youtube user: sesetsiku Sources: www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/Circassia.htm www.circassianworld.com www.adygaunion.us/en/index.php
Shapsugs, a Circassian Sub-Group, Seek Autonomy in Krasnodar Kray
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Published: 04 May 2011
- Uploaded: 18 Jun 2011
- Author: StopSochi2014
- http://wn.com/Shapsugs,_a_Circassian_Sub-Group,_Seek_Autonomy_in_Krasnodar_Kray
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Ruslan Gvashev, VII Congress Khase Shapsughs Adyghe (Circassians) Руслан Гвашев, VII Съезд Адыгэ Хасэ шапсугов(черкесов) Window on Eurasia: Shapsugs, a Circassian Sub-Group, Seek Autonomy in Krasnodar Kray Paul Goble Staunton, May 3 -- Representatives of the 12000 Shapsugs, a subdivision of the Circassian nation, last week called for the formation of an autonomous district within Krasnodar kray, an event that takes on importance because the Shapsugs are the Circassians who had been living where the 2014 Sochi Olympics are scheduled to take place. Indeed, speeches at this meeting suggest that Circassian groups, many of whom are outraged that Moscow would organize the Olympics on the site of the genocide of their people in 1864, are beginning to use their objections and the attention these have garnered to make demands on the Russian government to improve their situation. On Saturday, a congress of the Circassian organization Adyge Khase took place in the village of Lazarevskoye in Sochi to discuss the provisions of the law protecting numerically small peoples like the Shapsugs and the possible impact of the conduct of the Olympics there on them (www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/184658/). Some 230 delegates from Adygeya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar and Armavit as well as guests from the International Circassian Association heard speakers call for the establishment of a Shapsug Autonomous District within Krasnodar Kray as a means of protecting that small community. Most <b>...</b>
Circassians youths journey to Adygheya (Cherkessia)
Several youths from turkey are visiting Maikop for a three week educational trip to Kavkaz to learn adyghe language, xabza, etc.
1. Who are Circassians in Jordan.wmv
Circassians in Jordan. Who are Circassians in Jordan. Investigating the number of Circassians in Jordan. http:www.integrationresearch.net/circassians-in-jordan.html
May 21 Circassians - 2011.wmv
May 21 Circassians - 2011 Design zaid varouqa Circassian Kabartey Adyghe Abkhaz
Racist Sergei Markov insults Circassians on TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Published: 22 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Aug 2011
- Author: StopSochi2014
Sergei Markov is a representative of the Russian Duma. While being interviewed, he insulted Circassians by calling them whores and traitors. Now Circassians throughout the world are asking for his resignation.
Voices of Circassians from May 21 2011 - Amman, Jordan (Part 2 of 2)
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Voices of Circassians who took part in the first May 21 standout in Amman, Jordan, in front of the Russian Embassy commemorating the 147th anniversary of the Circassian Genocide's tragic history. For more information, visit nosochi2014.com and http
photo: Creative Commons / Jorisv
Tevfik Esenç, last representative of Ubykh nation.
photo: Creative Commons / Andynapso
Circassians
photo: Public Domain / Daryona
Mihail Chemiakin
![Hadise Açıkgöz (born October 21, 1985 in Mol, Belgium),[1] is a Belgian born Turkish from Circassian descent](http://web.archive.org./web/20110819104726im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/1f/c9/d10b801401209768b1b71f9079ce_grande.jpg "Hadise Açıkgöz (born October 21, 1985 in Mol, Belgium),[1] is a Belgian born Turkish from Circassian descent")
photo: Creative Commons / Daniel Kruczynski
Hadise Açıkgöz (born October 21, 1985 in Mol, Belgium),[1] is a Belgian born Turkish from Circassian descent
photo: Creative Commons / Paralingua
The Roman Oval Piazza in Jerash
photo: Creative Commons / ElinorD
Bread sauce
photo: Creative Commons
Veiled Vestal ca 1848. Now at Chatsworth House.
photo: European Community / Christiaan
Iraq has a young population. Here, a little girl and some boys smiling to the camera
photo: Creative Commons / Berthold Werner
Jordan, Amman, Ruins of the temple of Hercules. Temple of Hercules, Roman Coernthic Columns at Citadel Hill. Philadelphia was renamed Amman during the Ghassanian era, and flourished under the Caliphates (with nearby capital) of the Umayyads (in Damascus) and the Abbasids (in Baghdad).
photo: Creative Commons / Berthold Werner
Inside of King Abdullah I Mosque Jordan, Amman, Amman is also home to some of the grandest mosques in the Middle East, although they compare less favorably to the ones to be found in Istanbul, Turkey.
photo: Creative Commons
Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry ca 1861 at Durham.
![Veritas ca 1853. From plaster original at the Crystal Palace Sydenham [destroyed 1936]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110819104726im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/88/77/f4e314717a20b88dd0ec7c86569d_grande.jpg "Veritas ca 1853. From plaster original at the Crystal Palace Sydenham [destroyed 1936]")
photo: Creative Commons
Veritas ca 1853. From plaster original at the Crystal Palace Sydenham [destroyed 1936]
photo: Creative Commons / Spaza-bozo
A view from 4th to 3rd Le Royal in Amman is also home to some of the grandest mosques in the Middle East, although they compare less favorably to the ones to be found in Istanbul, Turkey. The newest of these is the enormous King Abdullah I Mosque, built between 1982 and 1989.
photo: Creative Commons
Composite satellite image of Turkey. Anatolia corresponds to the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey.
photo: Creative Commons
Parian porcelain bust of "Love" by Raffaelle Monti. Issued by the Ceramic and Crystal Palace Art Union, and exhibited at the International Exhibition, London 1872. Photgraphed by William England, London Stereoscopic Company.
photo: Creative Commons
Monarchy of Russia
photo: Creative Commons
The Current President of Adygea Aslan Tkhakushinov
photo: Creative Commons
Fresh Ayran with a head of foam
photo: Creative Commons
Iran ethnoreligious distribution
photo: Creative Commons
Portrait painting of Lama Mönke Bormanshinov wearing the traditional yellow hat by Alexander Burtschinow.
photo: Creative Commons / Producer
Second round about
photo: Creative Commons / Producer
First round about
photo: Creative Commons / BetacommandBot
Construction picture of Gate Towers from the street
photo: Creative Commons
A Jewish woman and a couple of Bedouins in Aleppo, 1873
photo: Creative Commons
Sultan Hassan Mosque
photo: Creative Commons / Spaza-bozo (talk | contribs)
Zahran Street, featuring one of the recently put up street name signs
![Hadise Açıkgöz (born October 21, 1985 in Mol, Belgium),[1] is a Belgian born Turkish from Circassian descent](http://web.archive.org./web/20110819104726im_/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/1f/c9/d10b801401209768b1b71f9079ce_thumb.jpg "Hadise Açıkgöz (born October 21, 1985 in Mol, Belgium),[1] is a Belgian born Turkish from Circassian descent")
![Veritas ca 1853. From plaster original at the Crystal Palace Sydenham [destroyed 1936]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110819104726im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/88/77/f4e314717a20b88dd0ec7c86569d_thumb.jpg "Veritas ca 1853. From plaster original at the Crystal Palace Sydenham [destroyed 1936]")
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Circassians
02 Jun 2011
The Jordan Times
Tweet The Circassians, an indigenous people of the northwest Caucasus region, are a non-Arab, Islamic people originally from the...
The Jordan Times
Tweet By Thameen Kheetan - Hundreds of Jordanians of Circassian origin on Saturday protested against the choice of Sochi, a city their ancestors had to flee after a decades-long war with imperial Russia, as the venue of the 2014 Olympics. Protesters lined up in front of the Russian embassy on Zahran...
North Jersey
About 150 Circassians in North Jersey plan to participate in a demonstration Saturday in New York City to mark the 147th anniversary of the genocide of their ancestors in Czarist Russia....
The Jordan Times
Tweet By Thameen Kheetan - Jordanians of Circassian origin will organise a sit-in outside the Russian embassy in Amman on Saturday to protest against the selection of Sochi as the 2014 Winter Olympics venue. We declare our complete rejection to holding the 2014 Winter Olympics on the remains of our...
Circassian Charity Association
06 Apr 2011
The Jordan Times
Tweet Her Majesty Queen Rania visits the productive kitchen, Samawer, at the womens branch of the Circassian Charity Association in Amman on Wednesday. The Queen, who...
The Jordan Times
Tweet By Hana Namrouqa - The rich symbolism of Circassian folkways took centre stage this week at the Highlanders Circassian dance show. At Wednesday night's performance at the International Academy-Amman theatre, 95 young dancers performed 10 traditional dances that depicted the history of the...
The Jordan Times
Tweet By Hana Namrouqa - The International Circassian Cultural Academy (ICCA) will hold its first annual show this week, performing dances that depict the history and legacy of Circassians, organisers said on Saturday. The dance show, which opens on Wednesday at the International Academy Amman...
The Jordan Times
By Hana Namrouqa AMMAN - Visitors can catch a glimpse of Circassian and Armenian culture and history later this month as part of a weeklong festival. The festival, slated to be held September 16-24, is organised by Al Jeel Al Jadeed Club for Circassian Folklore and aims to highlight the Kingdom's...
The Jordan Times
- Colourful, thematic performances and music on Friday marked the launch of a new academy designed to preserve and promote Circassian heritage. Performing for a full house at Al Hussein Cultural Centre in Ras Al Ain, the recently established International Circassian Cultural Academy (ICCA) and its...
Adyghe people
The Adyghe traditional clothing () refers to the historical clothing worn by the Adyghe people.
The traditional female clothing () was very diverse and highly decorated and mainly depends on the region, class of family, occasions, and tribes. The traditional female costume is composed of a dress (), coat (), shirt, pant (), vest (), lamb leather bra (), a variety of hats (), shoes, and belts (). Holiday dresses are made of expensive fabrics such as silk and velvet. The traditional colors of females clothing rarely includes blue, green or bright-colored tones, instead mostly white, red, black and brown shades wear.
Nart saga
Circassian beauties
Circassian nationalism
Circassian music
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast
Deportation of Circassians
Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians
Journal of a residence in Circassia during the years 1837, 1838, and 1839 - Bell, James Stanislaus (English)
Amjad Jaimoukha, The Circassians: A Handbook, New York: Palgrave, 2001; London: Routledge Curzon, 2001. ISBN 978-0-312-23994-7
Jaimoukha, Amjad, Circassian Culture and Folklore: Hospitality Traditions, Cuisine, Festivals & Music (Kabardian, Cherkess, Adigean, Shapsugh & Diaspora), Bennett and Bloom, 2010.
Nart Sagas from the Caucasus: Myths and Legends from the Circassians, Abazas, Abkhaz, and Ubykhs. Assembled, translated, and annotated by John Colarusso. (English)
circassia.blogsome.com ; Only the one independent on net!: information and observations
More Nart Tales (English)
Circassian World (English)
Adyga.org - Most popular circassian internet forum
Mideast & N. Africa Encyclopedia: Circassians (English)
Circassians Culture News Video Music Photo Web Portal(English)
The Cherkess Fund Organization (English)
Justice For North Caucasus Group (English)
CCI (Circassian Cultural Institute) (English)
CEF (Circassian Education Foundation) (English), USA
Mamluk Studies at the University of Chicago (English), USA
Architecture of the Circassian Mamluks (English)
EUROXASE (Federation of European Circassians) (English & Turkish), EU
NART TV (National Adiga Radio & Television) (English & Circassian), Jordan
KAFSAM (Kafkasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi) (English & Turkish), Turkey
Adyghe Khassa Australia Circassian Association Australia (English), Australia
Short description of the 12 Circassian tribes
Map of the Diaspora
Uniting all Adygs, Adyghe world wide network adigafreinds.com
The Circassian Art official website
Jordanians and their culture in Jordan, NY Times
Western Caucasus: West Caucasian family’s (Abkhaz-Adyghe) community (facebook)
The traditional male costume () includes a coat with wide sleeves, shirt, pants, a dagger, sword, and a variety of hats and shoes. Traditionally, young men in the warriors times wore coat with short sleeves – in order to feel more comfortable in combats. Different colors of clothing for males were strictly used to distinguish between different social classes, for example white is usually worn by princes, red by nobles, gray, brown, and black by peasants (blue, green and the other colors were rarely worn). A compulsory item in the traditional male costume is a dagger and a sword. The traditional Adyghean sword is called Shashka. It is a special kind of sabre; a very sharp, single-edged, single-handed, and guardless sword. Although the sword is used by most of Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks, the typically Adyghean form of the sabre is longer than the Cossack type, and in fact the word Shashka came from the Adyghe word "Sashkhwa" () which means "long knife".
Traditional cuisine
The Adyghe Cuisine is rich with different type dishes, in the summer, the traditional dishes consumed by the Adyghe people were mainly dairy products and vegetable dishes. In the winter and spring it was mainly flour and meat dishes. An example of the latter is known as ficcin.
The Circassian cheese considered one of the famous type of Cheeses in the North Caucasus and world wide.
A popular traditional dish is chicken or turkey with sauce, seasoned with crushed garlic and red pepper. Mutton and beef are served boiled, usually with a seasoning of sour milk with crushed garlic and salt.
Variants of pasta are found. A type of ravioli may be encountered, which is filled with potato or beef.
On holidays the Adyghe people traditionally make Haliva (fried triangular pasties with mainly cottage cheese or potato), from toasted millet or wheat flour in syrup, baked cakes and pies.
In the Levant there is a famous Circassian dish which called Tajen Alsharkaseiah.
Traditional mats
The Adyghes were famous in making mats () or rugs worldwide for thousands of years, and they were making their mats from the Cortaderia selloana (, ) like other Caucasian nations.Making mats was very hard work in which collecting raw materials is restricted to a specific period of time within the year. The raw materials were dried, and based on the intended colors, different methods of drying were applied. For example, when dried in the shade, its color changed to a beautiful light gold color. If it were dried in direct sun light then it would have a silver color, and if they wanted to have a dark color for the mats, the raw materials were put in a pool of water and covered by poplar leaves (, ).
The mats were adorned with images of birds, beloved animals (horses), and plants, and the image of the sun was widely used.
The mats were used for different reasons due to their characteristic resistance to humidity and cold, and in retaining heat. Also, there was a tradition in Circassian homes to have two mats hanging in the guest room, one used to hang over rifles() and pistols (), and the other used to hang over musical instruments.
The mats were used to pray upon, and it was necessary for every Circassian girl to make three mats before marriage; a big mat, a small mat, and the last for praying as a Prayer rug. These mats would give the grooms an impression as to the success of their brides in their homes after marriage.
The twelve Adyghe tribes
The main Adyghe tribes are: Abadzeh () Besleney () Bzhedug () Yegeruqay () Zhaney () Kabarday () Mamheg () Natuhay () Temirgoy () Ubyh () Shapsug () Hatuqwai ()Many Adyghe allocated in the Caucasus region are Bzhedug and Temirgoy, while the majority of those in the diaspora (see next section) are Abadzeh and Shapsug.
The Adyghe diaspora
in Transjordan, April 1921]] Adyghe have lived outside the Caucasus region since the Middle Ages. They were particularly well represented in the Mamluks of Turkey and Egypt. In fact, the Burji dynasty which ruled Egypt from 1382 to 1517 was founded by Adyghe Mamluks.Much of Adyghe culture was disrupted after their conquest by Russia in 1864. This led to a diaspora of the peoples of the northwest Caucasus, known as Muhajirism, mostly to various parts of the Ottoman Empire.
The largest Adyghe diaspora community today is in Turkey, especially in Samsun, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, and Düzce.
Significant communities live in Jordan, Iraq, Syria (in Beer ajam and many other villages), A number of Adyghe were introduced to Bulgaria in 1864-1865 but most fled after it became separate from the Ottoman Empire in 1878. On May 20, 2011 the Georgian parliament voted in a 95 to 0 declaration that Russia had committed genocide when it engaged in massacres against Circassians in the 19th Century.
A great number of Adyghe people have also immigrated to the United States and settled in Upstate New York, California, and New Jersey.
The small community from Kosovo expatriated to Adygea in 1998.
The total number of Adyghe people worldwide is estimated at 6 million.
Notable Adyghes
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Category:History of Kuban Category:History of the Caucasus Category:Peoples of the Caucasus Category:Ethnic groups in Russia Category:Muslim communities of Russia Category:Ethnic groups in Turkey Category:Ethnic groups in Jordan Category:Ethnic groups in Iraq Category:Ethnic groups in Syria Category:Ethnic groups in Israel Category:Ethnic groups in the United States Category:Ethnic groups in the Middle East Category:Ethnic groups in Asia Category:Caucasian muhajirs Category:Circassian people Category:Indigenous peoples of Europe
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