Name | Clara Bow |
---|---|
Caption | in Rough House Rosie (1927) |
Birth name | Clara Gordon Bow |
Birth date | July 29, 1905 |
Birth place | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
Death date | September 27, 1965 |
Death place | West Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
Spouse | (his death) |
Children | Tony Beldam (1934-2011)George Beldam, Jr. (b. 1938) |
Years active | 1921–1933 |
Occupation | Actress |
Clara Gordon Bow (July 29, 1905 – September 27, 1965) was an American actress who rose to stardom in the silent film era of the 1920s. It was her appearance as a quintessential flapper in the film It that brought her global fame and the nickname "The It Girl." Bow came to personify the roaring twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol. She appeared in 46 silent films and 11 talkies, including hits such as Mantrap (1926), It (1927) and Wings (1927). She was named first box-office draw in 1928 and 1929 and second box-office draw in 1927 and 1930. Her presence in a motion picture was said to have ensured investors, by odds of almost 2-to-1, a "safe return". In January 1929, at the apex of her stardom, she received more than 45,000 fan letters. After marrying actor Rex Bell in 1931, Bow ended her career in 1933 with the film with Hoop-La, becoming a rancher in Nevada.
Clara Bow was born in 1905 in a slum tenement in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, New York, where she was also raised. Bow was the third child; the first two, also daughters, born in 1903 and 1904, died in infancy. Her mother, Sarah Bow (1880–1923), was told by a doctor not to become pregnant again for fear the next baby might die as well. Despite the her doctor's warning, Sarah Bow became pregnant with Clara in the fall of 1904. In addition to the risky pregnancy, a Heat Wave besieged New York In July 1905 and temperatures peaked around 100F; the infant mortality rate rose to 80%.
At sixteen, Sarah fell from a second-story window and suffered a severe head injury. She was later diagnosed with "psychosis due to epilepsy", a condition apart from the seizures that is known to cause disordered thinking, delusional ideation, paranoia, and aggressive behavior.
From her earliest years, Bow learned how to care for her mother during the seizures as well as how to deal with the psychotic and hostile episodes. She said her mother could be "mean" to her, but "didn't mean to ... she couldn't help it". Sarah worsened gradually, and when she realized her daughter was set for a movie career, Bow's mother told her she "would be much better off dead". One night in February 1922, Bow awoke to a butcher knife held against her throat by her mother. Bow was able to fend off the attack and locked her mother up. In the morning, Sarah had no recollection of the episode and was later committed to a charity hospital. Robert was often absent, leaving his family without means to survive. "I do not think my mother ever loved my father. He knew it. And it made him very unhappy, for he worshiped her, always".}}
Sarah Bow died on January 5, 1923. When relatives gathered for the funeral, Bow accused them of not being supportive in the past. Reportedly, her anger led her to attempt jumping into her mother's open grave.
Down to the Sea in Ships was shot on location in New Bedford, Massachusetts, produced by Independent 'The Whaling Film Corporation', and documented the life, love and work in the whale-hunter community. The production relied on a few less known actors and local talents. It premiered at 'Olympia', New Bedford, on September 25, and went on general distribution on March 4, 1923.
Bow was billed 10th, but shined through and critics sang her praise: "Miss Bow will undoubtedly gain fame as a screen comedienne". "She scored a tremendous hit in Down to the Sea in Ships..(and)..has reached the front rank of motion picture principal players". "With her beauty, her brains, her personality and her genuine acting ability it should not be many moons before she enjoys stardom in the fullest sense of the word. You must see 'Down to the Sea in Ships'". "In movie parlance, she 'stole' the picture ... ".
]]
In the summer, she got a "tomboy" part in Grit, a story, which dealt with juvenile crime and was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Bow met her first boyfriend, cameraman Arthur Jacobson, and she got to know director Frank Tuttle, with whom she worked in five later productions. Tuttle remembered: Grit was released on January 7, 1924. Variety reviewed; "... Clara Bow lingers in the eye, long after the picture has gone."
While shooting Grit at Pyramid Studios, in Astoria, New York, Bow was approached by Jack Bachman of independent Hollywood studio Preferred Pictures. He wanted to contract her for a three months trial, fare paid and $50 a week. "It can't do any harm",
On July 21, 1923 she befriended Louella Parsons, who interviewed her for The New York Morning Telegraph. In 1931 when Bow came under tabloid scrutiny, Parsons defended her and stuck to her first opinion on Bow:
The interview also revealed that Bow already was cast in Maytime and in great favor of Chinese cuisine.
New York Times: "The flapper, impersonated by a young actress, Clara Bow, had five speaking titles, and every one of them was so entirely in accord with the character and the mood of the scene that it drew a laugh from what, in film circles, is termed a "hard-boiled" audience"
Los Angeles Times: "Clara Bow, the prize vulgarian of the lot...was amusing and spirited...but didn't belong in the picture".
Variety: "...the horrid little flapper is adorably played...".
Moore essayed the baseball-playing tomboy and Bow, according to Moore, said "I don't like my part, I wanna play yours". Moore, a well-established star earning $1200 a week — Bow got $200 — took offense and blocked the director from doing a close-up on Bow. Moore was married to a studio executive and Bow's protests fell short. "I'll get that bitch", she told her boyfriend Jacobson, who had arrived from New York. Bow had sinus problems and decided to have them attended to immediately. A bandaged Bow left the studio with no options but to recast her part. & Jean Harlow in Bow's ex-fiancee Victor Fleming's screwball comedy Bombshell (1933)]]
Bow appeared in eight releases in 1924. In Poisoned Paradise, released on February 29, 1924, Bow got her first lead. "... the clever little newcomer whose work wins fresh recommendations with every new picture in which she appears". In a scene, described as "original", Bow adds "devices", to "the modern flapper"; she fights a villain, using her fists, and significantly, does not "shrink back in fear". In Daughters of Pleasure, also released on February 29, 1924, Bow and Marie Prevost, "flapped unhampered as flappers De luxe ... I wish somebody could star Clara Bow. I'm sure her 'infinite variety' would keep her from wearying us no matter how many scenes she was in".
Alma Whitaker of The Los Angeles Times observed on September 7, 1924: Bow remembered: "All this time I was "running wild", I guess, in the sense of trying to have a good time ... maybe this was a good thing, because I suppose a lot of that excitement, that joy of life, got onto the screen". Preferred Pictures rented Bow to producers "for sums ranging from $1500 to $2000 a week". The studio like any other independent studio or theater at that time, was under attack from "The Big Three", MPAA, who had formed a trust to block out Independents and enforce the monopolistic studio system. On October 21, 1925, Schulberg filled Preferred Pictures for bankruptcy, with debts at $820,774 and assets $1,420. Three days later, it was announced that Schulberg would join with Adolph Zukor and became associate producer of Paramount Pictures, bringing his organization, including Bow. (1925)]] Adolph Zukor, Paramount Picture CEO in his memoirs: "All the skill of directors and all the booming of press-agent drums will not make a star. Only the audiences can do it. We study audience reactions with great care". Adela Rogers St. Johns had a different take, in 1950 she wrote: "If ever a star was made by public demand, it was Clara Bow". And Louise Brooks from 1980: "(Bow) became a star without nobody's help ... ".
The film was released on July 24, 1926.
Variety: "Clara Bow just walks away with the picture from the moment she walks into camera range". Photoplay: "When she is on the screen nothing else matters. When she is off, the same is true". Carl Sandburg: "The smartest and swiftest work as yet seen from Miss Clara Bow". The Reel Journal: "Clara Bow is taking the place of Gloria Swanson...(and)...filling a long need for a popular taste movie actress".
On August 16, 1926, Bow's agreement with Paramount was renewed into a five year deal: "Her salary will start at $1700 a week and advance yearly to $4000 a week for the last year".
Notably Bow added that she intended to leave the motion picture business at the expiration of the contract, i.e. 1931.
(1927)]]
Bow's bohemian lifestyle and "dreadful" manners were considered reminders of the Hollywood Elite's uneasy position in high society.
Bow fumed: "They yell at me to be dignified. But what are the dignified people like? The people who are held up as examples of me? They are snobs. Frightful snobs ... I'm a curiosity in Hollywood. I'm a big freak, because I'm myself!"
MGM executive Paul Bern said Bow was "the greatest emotional actress on the screen", "sentimental, simple, childish and sweet", and considered her "hard-boiled attitude" a "defense mechanism".
The quality of Bow's voice, her Brooklyn accent, was not an issue to Bow, her fans or Paramount. However, Bow, like Charlie Chaplin, Louise Brooks and most other silent film-stars didn't embrace the novelty: "I hate talkies", she said, "they're stiff and limiting. You lose a lot of your cuteness, because there's no chance for action, and action is the most important thing to me". The inventor of the motion picture camera, Thomas Edison himself, was so annoyed by the stiffness of the early "talkies" that he refused to see them and returned to his favorite "silents" with Bow and Mary Pickford. A visibly nervous Bow had to do a number of retakes in The Wild Party because her eyes kept wandering up to the microphone overhead. "I can't buck progress", Bow resigned, "I have to do the best I can".
"Now they're having me sing. I sort of half-sing, half-talk, with hips-and-eye stuff. You know what I mean — like Maurice Chevalier. I used to sing at home and people would say, 'Pipe down! You're terrible!' But the studio thinks my voice is great". In April Bow was brought to a sanatorium, and at her request, Paramount released her from her final undertaking: City Streets. She left Hollywood in June and got married to Rex Bell in December.
In 1932 Bow signed a two-picture deal with Fox Film Corporation; Call Her Savage (1932) and Hoop-La (1933). Both successful, Variety favored the latter: "A more mature performance...she looks and photographs extremely well". Bow commented on her revealing costume in Hoop-La: "Rex accused me of enjoying showing myself off. Then I got a little sore. He knew darn well I was doing it because we could use a little money these days. Who can't?". Bow concluded her career:
A note was found in which Bow stated she preferred death to a public life.
In 1949 she checked into The Institute of Living to be treated for her chronic insomnia and diffuse abdominal pains. Shock treatment was tried and numerous psychological tests performed. Bow's IQ was measured "bright normal" (pp. 111–119), while others claimed she was unable to reason, had poor judgment and displayed inappropriate or even bizarre behavior. Her pains were considered delusional and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia, despite experiencing neither sound nor vision hallucinations or psychosis. The illness debut, or "onset", as well as her insomnia, the analysts tied to the "butcher knife episode" back in 1922, but Bow rejected psychological explanations and left the Institute.
In the permanent exhibition, "Myths, Minds and Medicine", the Institute addresses malpractice issues of the past, including lobotomy, which peaked in 1949, and "crude electroconvulsive therapy".
During her lifetime, Bow was the subject of wild rumors regarding her sex life; most of them were untrue. A tabloid called The Coast Reporter published lurid allegations about her in 1931, accusing her of exhibitionism, incest, lesbianism, bestiality, drug addiction, alcoholism, and having contracted venereal disease. The publisher of the tabloid then tried to blackmail Bow, offering to cease printing the stories for $25,000, which led to his arrest by federal agents and, later, an eight-year prison sentence.
+ Film | |||
! Year | ! Title | ! Role | Notes |
1922 | Beyond the Rainbow | Virginia Gardener | |
1922 | Down to the Sea in Ships | Dot Morgan | Extant |
1923 | Enemies of Women | Girl dancing on table | Extant(incomplete) |
1923 | Mary | Lost film | |
1923 | Alice Tremaine | Extant | |
1923 | Black Oxen | Janet Ogelthorpe | Extant |
1924 | Grit | Orchid McGonigle | Lost film |
1924 | Poisoned Paradise | Margot LeBlanc | Extant |
1924 | Daughters of Pleasure | Lila Millas | Extant |
1924 | Angela Warriner | Lost film | |
1924 | Empty Hearts | Rosalie | Extant |
1924 | Alice Mayton | Extant | |
1924 | This Woman | Aline Sturdevant | Lost film |
1924 | Black Lightning | Martha Larned | Extant |
1925 | Capital Punishment | Delia Tate | Extant |
1925 | The Girl | Lost film | |
1925 | Eve's Lover | Rena D'Arcy | Lost film |
1925 | Molly Burns | Lost film | |
1925 | Miriam | Lost film (trailer survives) | |
1925 | My Lady's Lips | Lola Lombard | Extant |
1925 | Parisian Love | Marie | Extant |
1925 | Grizette | Lost film | |
1925 | Lolly Cameron | Lost film (Trailer exists) | |
1925 | Marilyn Merrill | Extant (incomplete) | |
1925 | Free to Love | Marie Anthony | Extant |
1925 | Peggy Swain | Extant | |
1925 | Cynthia Day | Extant | |
1925 | Doris | Lost film | |
1925 | My Lady of Whims | Prudence Severn | Extant |
1926 | Shadow of the Law | Mary Brophy | Lost film |
1926 | Two Can Play | Dorothy Hammis | Lost film |
1926 | Dancing Mothers | Kittens Westcourt | Extant |
1926 | Fascinating Youth | Clara Bow | Lost film |
1926 | Cynthia Meade | Lost film | |
1926 | Alverna | Extant | |
1926 | Kid Boots | Clara McCoy | Extant |
1927 | Betty Lou Spence | Extant | |
1927 | Children of Divorce | Kitty Flanders | Extant |
1927 | Rough House Rosie | Rosie O'Reilly | Lost film (trailer exists) |
1927 | Mary Preston | Extant | |
1927 | Hula Calhoun | Extant | |
1927 | Get Your Man | Nancy Worthington | Extant but incomplete;(missing at least 2 reels) |
1928 | Bubbles McCoy | Lost film (Fragments exist, including the only known color footage of Bow) | |
1928 | Ladies of the Mob | Yvonne | Lost film |
1928 | Trixie Deane | Lost film | |
1928 | Three Weekends | Gladys O'Brien | Lost film(fragments survives) |
1929 | Stella Ames | Extant | |
1929 | Pat Delaney | Extant | |
1929 | Mayme | Alternative title: Love 'Em and Leave 'Em; Extant | |
1930 | Paramount on Parade | herself | Extant |
1930 | True to the Navy | Ruby Nolan | Extant |
1930 | Love Among the Millionaires | Pepper Whipple | Extant |
1930 | Her Wedding Night | Norma Martin | Extant |
1931 | Helen "Bunny" O'Day | Extant | |
1931 | Molly Hewes | Extant | |
1932 | Call Her Savage | Nasa Springer | Extant |
1933 | Hoop-La | Lou | Extant |
1949 | Screen Snapshots 1860: Howdy, Podner | Clara Bow – Resort Guest | Short subject |
Category:Actors from New York City Category:American film actors Category:American silent film actors Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in California Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from Brooklyn Category:1905 births Category:1965 deaths
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